木工加工中心详细介绍(英文对照)

木工机械专业词汇中英文对比Document serial number【KKGB-LBS98YT-BS8CB-BSUT-BST108】一画一字螺丝批 slot type screwdriver一点透视 one-point perspective二画二合一黏合剂 epoxy resin adhesive二合胶；混合胶 epoxy glue二维的；平面的 two-dimensional二进制 binary 二极管；整流子 diode二号螺丝攻 second tap 二路开关 two-way switch十进制的；公制的 metric 人工制品 artefact人造板 man-made board 人体工程学 ergonomics; human engineering人体尺寸 human dimension 人体测量学 anthropometry; anthropometrics刀片 blade 刀身 blade刀具 tool 刀具溜座 carriage刀柱 tool post 刀架 tool rest刀架底座 tool rest bracket 刀座帷；床鞍 apron刀座鞍；溜板座 saddle 力 force力三角形 triangle of force 力平行四边形 parallelogram of force力多边形；多边形力学 polygon of force 力的分解 force resolution力架；亮漆 lacquer 力矩 moment力偶 couple 力矩定律 law of moment力-距离图表 force-distance graph 力图 force diagram力线 line of force 力点 effort十字榫 cross halving joint 十字螺丝 Philip's head screw十字螺丝批 Philip's type screwdriver 丁字尺；T 尺 tee square三画三爪夹头three-jaw chuck三角尺 set square 三角形结构系杆 triangulation tie三角锉 triangular file 三维的；立体的 three-dimensional三氯甲烷；哥罗芳 chloroform三聚氰胺；蜜胺 melamine三点透视 three-point perspective 上油漆 painting上釉 enamelling 凡立水 varnish叉形顶尖 fork centre 口罩 mask士力；虫漆 shellac 士巴拿；扳手 spanner 大芯夹板；宽条芯夹板 blockboard;solid corestock-laminated board 大量制造 mass production子口刨；槽口刨；边刨 rebate plane 小型平槽刨 miniature router plane小型线料弯曲器 small wire bender 小型弯折机 mini bender小型电路断路器；跳菲 miniature circuit breaker (MCB) 小齿轮 pinion 山樟 San Cheong 工件 workpiece 工字梁 I beam工作面 working surface 工作图；制作图 working drawing工作台 bench; working table 工具 tool工具贮存室 tool storage 工具槽 well工具钢 tool steel 工场 workshop工场安全 workshop safety 工程字书写技巧 lettering工程系统 engineering system 工程绘图 engineering drawing工业酒精；火酒 methylated spirit 弓形手钻；手摇曲柄钻 brace 弓形手钻嘴 brace bit 弓锯 bow saw; hacksaw弓锯片 hacksaw blade弓锯床 hacksawing machine四画不平衡 imbalance不含铁金属；非铁金属 non-ferrous metal不贯穿孔；闭孔；盲孔 blind hole不贯穿鸠尾榫 lapped dovetail joint不对称 asymmetry不锈钢 stainless steel不稳定平衡 unstable equilibrium中心 centre中心线 centre line中心冲 centre punch中心钻 centre drill中心钻嘴 centre bit中央处理器 central processing unit (CPU)中性 neutral中性平衡；随遇平衡 neutral equilibrium中性轴 neutral axis中密度纤维板 medium density fibre board (MDF)中粗锉纹 second cut中碳钢 medium carbon steel中线 neutral wire互补金属氧化物半导体 complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS)介子；垫片 washer介指铁 ring mandrel介电常数；电容率 permittivity介稳态的；亚稳态的 metastable内力 internal force内卡尺 inside calipers内能 internal energy内涵性质 intensive properties内圆弯凿 scribing gouge内锁式配件 interlocking fitting内燃机 internal combustion engine内螺纹制造法 tapping内螺丝 internal thread内弯边 concave edge六角金属枝 hexagonal bar六角匙 Allen key六角头螺丝 hexagonal head screw公制的；十进制的 metric公差 tolerance冗余构件 redundant member分力 component force分子 molecule分子力 molecular force分切；分割；切断 parting off分贝 decibel分析 analysis分析及批判学 analytical and critical studies 分析器 analyzer分流器 shunt分界面；界面；接口 interface分厘卡 micrometer分规 divider分割车刀架 parting tool holder分解 decomposition分压器 potential divider; voltage divider隔离开关 isolating switch切削工具 cutting tool切削液 cutting fluid切削深度 depth of cut切屑；碎屑 chip切线锯法 tangential sawing切辊纹；滚纹 knurling切断；分切；分割 parting off切断工具 parting tool勾；勾脚 hook勾刀；胶片刀 plastic cutter化胶水 tensol反向偏压 reverse biased反相放大器 inverting amplifier反相器 inverter反射 reflection反馈；回输 feedback天拿水；稀释剂 thinner天梯牙；齿条 gear rack天然木材 natural timber天然干燥法 air seasoning孔隙率 porosity尺寸 dimension尺寸线 dimension line尺身 blade引力；重力 gravitational force 心形凸轮 heart-shaped cam心材 heartwood心轴 mandrel心销 core pin手工具 hand tool手工锯 junior hacksaw手削法 paring手持虎钳 hand vice手柄 handle手套 gloves手扫漆 brushing lacquer手推车 barrow手提式竖线锯 portable jigsaw手提电动工具 portable power tool 手提电钻 electric hand drill手进给 hand feed手摇曲柄钻；弓形手钻 brace手摇钻 hand drill手锉 hand file手锯；板锯 handsaw手锥 bradawl手辘轧机 hand rolling machine支柱；支撑物 strut支架；支座 support支点 fulcrum; pivot文字 text方向 direction方向针 pointing needle方枝 square bar方波形 square waveform方波产生器 squarer方型牙板 rectangular die方格纸；网格纸 grid paper方通 square tube方块图 block diagram方锉 square file方头钻嘴 square shank bit方螺帽 square nut方边凿；直边凿 firmer chisel木 wood木工 woodwork木工工作间 woodwork area木工工作台 woodworker's bench木工车床 wood turning lathe; woodworking lathe木工铅笔 carpenter's pencil木工刨床 thicknessing and planning machine木牙螺丝；木螺钉 wood screw木材 timber木材车削 wood turning木材车削工具 wood turning tools木屑压合板；万花板 chipboard木条接榫 corner strip joint木圆头槌 doming mallet木模；模型 patterns木线 wood strip木胶粉 ureaformal dehyde resin glue木锉 rasp木螺钉；木牙螺丝 wood screw木槌 mallet止推轴承 thrust bearing止推垫圈 thrust washer比例 proportion比例尺 scale比例常数 proportionality constant比例极限 proportional limit比较器 comparator比热容量 specific heat capacity水平投影面 horizontal plane水平仪；平水尺 spirit level水气掣；漏电断路掣 earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) 水晶胶；聚酯树脂 polyester resin水晶胶的铸造成形 resin casting水磨砂纸 silicon carbide paper火叉 firing fork火水；煤油 kerosene火牛；变压器 transformer火石轮 grinder火花电蚀法；放电极加工 electrical discharge machining 火酒；工业酒精 methylated spirit火钳 tongs火线；活线 live wire火砖 fire brick爪扣；爪形离合器；犬齿式离合器 dog clutch牙板；丝模 die牙板扳手；丝模扳手 die holder (stock)牙板螺帽 die nuts牛皮胶；动物胶 animal glue牛油纸 tracing paper牛顿运动定律 Newton's laws of motion犬齿式离合器；爪扣；爪形离合器 dog clutch五画丙烯;丁二烯苯乙烯 acrylonitrile-butadiene-stryrene (ABS) 主轴；心轴 spindle主题 motif令(纸张的计数单位) ream凹座 recess凹模 hollowing block凸缘 flange凸缘联轴节 flange coupling凸轮 cam凸轮式配件 cam-action fitting凸轮传动 cam drive凸头螺丝 raised head screw加成作业；添加法 addition process加油 oiling加速器 accelerator功能；用途 function功率因子 power factor功率放大器 power amplifier功率板 power amplifier board功率晶体管 power transistor包氏记号法 Bow's notation「包浩思」；「包豪斯」〈设计风格) Bauhaus半永固法；半永久接合 semi-permanent joining半接榫 halving joint半闭式槽榫 stopped housing joint半圆(木)锉 half-round rasp半圆车刀 turning gouge半圆锉 half-round file半圆头铆钉 snap rivet半导体 semiconductor卡路里；卡(热量单位) calorie卡纸 card paper卡尺；测径器 calipers去角；倒角 chamfer可切削性 machinability可行性 feasibility可逆过程 reversible process可压缩性 compressibility可变电阻 variable resistor四分仪 quadrant四爪夹头 four-jaw independent chuck四圆心法(绘图) four-centre method外卡尺 outside calipers外形塑造 shaping外形线；轮廓线 outline外推法 extrapolation外圆弯凿 firmer gouge外螺纹 external thread外螺纹制造法 threading外弯边 convex edge外观 appearance失真 distortion尼龙；聚醯胺 nylon; polyamide (PA)尼龙墨水针笔 technical felt-tip pen左右调校杆 lateral adjusting level市售尺寸；标准尺寸 stock size市电频率；电源频率 mains frequency平(木)锉 flat rasp平水尺；水平仪 spirit level平行投影 parallel projection平行车削 parallel turning平行虎钳 parallel vice平行钉法 parallel nailing平底弯刨 flat faced spokeshave平底钻嘴 forstner bit平板结构 slab construction平流扼流圈；滤波扼流器 smoothing choke平流电容器；滤波电容器 smoothing capacitor 平流电路；滤汳电路 smoothing circuit平面板；正台 surface plate平面图；俯视图 plan平面锤 flatter平移 translation平搭榫 corner halving joint平嘴钳 flat nose pliers平槽刨 router plane平衡 balance; equilibrium平衡力 equilibrant平衡条件 equilibrium condition平衡电桥 balanced bridge平头弧刀 square nose gouge幼纹 smooth cut打凹成形 hollowing打凸成形 raising打槽机 routing machine打线；打槽 routing打磨 fitting; polishing打磨机 polisher本生灯 Bunsen burner本征半导体 intrinsic semiconductor正反器；触发器；复振器 flip-flop正反馈；正回输 positive feedback正火 normalizing正向偏置 forward bias正投影 orthographic projection正投影图 orthographic drawing正弦波形 sinusoidal waveform正面投影 front projection正视图 elevation; front elevation正极；阳极 anode正齿轮 spur gear正台；平面板 surface plate永久性接合 permanent joining瓦通纸；瓦楞纸板 corrugated board生长层 cambium layer生产图 production drawing生胶浆 rubber cement生钢；铸钢 cast steel生铁；铸铁 cast iron用途；功能 function白杨木 poplar白胶浆 PVA glue; white glue皮沙垫 leather sandbag皮革 leather皮革黏合剂 leather glue皮鞋 leather shoes目录 contents矢量；向量 vector石灰岩 limestone石英晶体振荡器 quartz crystal oscillator 石棉 asbestos; asbestus石膏 Plaster of Paris示波器 oscilloscope立体图 pictorial drawing六画交流电流 alternating current .)交流电压 . voltage交联结构 cross-linked structure仿饰金 gilding metal伏特 volt光力架 clear lacquer光敏电阻 light dependent resistor (LDR)光测弹性学 photoelasticity光刨；滑刨 smoothing plane光电效应 photoelectric effect光泽 lustre全闭式槽榫 closed housing joint共面力 coplanar force共聚合作用 co-polymerization共聚物 copolymer共价键 covalent bond共振；共鸣；谐振 resonance印刷电路板 printed circuit board (PCB)同素异形 allotropy同轴电缆 coaxial cable同温 equality of temperature向量；矢量 vector向量和 vector sum合力 resultant force合口扁钳 close mouth tongs合成色；等和色 secondary colour合成品 composite合成粅料 composite material合金 alloy合金工具钢 alloy tool steel合钉；定位销 dowel回火 tempering回复力 restoring force回复力偶 restoring couple回弹 resilience回输；反馈 feedback地线 earth wire多刃切削刀具 multi-point cutter多孔塑料；泡沫塑料；海绵状塑料 foam plastics 多方榫接合 pinned joint多媒体 multi-media多晶性 polycrystallinity多谐振动器；多谐振荡器 multivibrator多边形力学；力多边形 polygon of force字母冲 letter punch字板 letter stencil安全 safety安全守则 safety rule安全系数 safety factor安全措施 safety precaution安全眼罩 safety goggle安全设备 safety equipment安全药箱 safety box安培 ampere安培计；电流表 ammeter尖脚 spur年轮 annual ring成本 cost成形 forming扣件；击固件 fastener扣钉 clout nail; cramp托架 bracket收缩 shrinkage曲柄 crank曲柄轴 crank shaft曲线规；云板；云尺 French curve有效的 efficient有效电流 effective current灰；灰末 ash百折胶；百折胶；聚丙烯 polypropylene (PP) 竹 bamboo羊角锤 claw hammer老化 ageing肋条 rib肌理；质感；质地 texture自由度 degree of freedom自动控制 automatic control自动进给 auto-feed自然干燥法 natural seasoning自感量 self-inductance自感应 self-induction色彩；颜色 colour色调 tone色环 colour wheel行星齿轮；周转齿轮 epicyclic gear七画肘节开关 toggle-switch串激电动机；串绕电动机 series-wound motor 位能；势能 potential energy位梯度；势梯度 potential gradient位移 displacement位错 dislocation伸长度 elongation作工硬化 work hardening作功 work done作图线 construction line低密聚乙烯 low density polyethylene (LDPE) 低通滤波器 low-pass filter低电压 low voltage低碳钢 low carbon steel布置 layout免油轴承 oil-less bearing冷加工；冷作工 cold working冷加工硬化 cold work hardening冷色 cool colour冷轧压 cold rolling冷却系统 cooling system冷却效应 cooling effect冷却液流量 coolant rate冷凝胶；环氧树脂 epoxy resin利口；「披」口；铁屑 burr刨平 planing刨花板；碎料板 particle board吹风机 air blower吹气模塑；吹模塑 blow moulding吹管 blow pipe含铁金属 ferrous metal含水量 moisture content坑凿 cross-cut chisel均方根值 root mean square value均角投影图；等角投影图 isometric drawing 均速圆周运动 uniform circular motion夹；夹钳 clamp夹 cramp夹卡 mounting board夹具 fixture; jig夹具及固定装置 jig and fixture夹板；胶合板 plywood夹持工具 clamping device; holding tool夹背锯；榫锯 tenon saw夹头 chuck夹头开启匙；夹头扳手 chuck key夹迭黏合成形 lamination尾座 tailstock床身；床道 lathe bed床鞍；刀座帷 apron形心；面心 centroid形状 shape形变 deformation「快把」板；硬质纤维板 hardboard快速移位 rapid traverse抗扭强度 torsional strength抗屈强度 bending strength; yield strength 抗性分量；无功分量 reactive component抗拉强度 tensile strength抗氧化剂 anti-oxidant抗剪强度 shearing strength抗磁性物料 diamagnetic material抗挠性 stiffness抗压强度 compressive strength抗断强度 breaking strength技术员；技师 technician扶架 steady扭力 torsion扭矩；转矩 torque扭转 torsion扭转角 angle of torsion把手 hand grip扼流圈 choke扳手 spanner; wrench投影 projection投影面 projection plane投影线 projection line攻丝 tap材料 material材料单；材料表 material list杜拉铝 duralumin杉木 spruce步进电动机 stepper motor步冲轮廓法 nibbling系统组件 system component角托架 angle bracket角位移 angular displacement角板；直角板 angle plate角度 angle角榫 corner angle joint; corner joint角铁 angle iron谷巴凡立水 cobal varnish车刀架 tool holder车床 lathe车床工具 lathe tools车床中心钻咀 lathe centre bit车床操作法 lathe operation车削；车旋 lathe turning; turning车削工具 turning tools防火胶板 Formica防锈 rust prevention防声耳筒；护耳器 ear-protector防松螺帽 lock nut防护装置；保护罩；保护网 guard; safety guard八画注射成形法；喷射铸造法 injection moulding并激电动机；并绕电动机 shunt-wound motor奶酪胶 casein glue乳胶漆 emulsion paint亚加力；压克力；聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂 acrylics; polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 亚稳态的；介稳态的 metastable来回摆动 oscillating两点透视 two-point perspective刻度；划线 ruling刺冲 dot punch刮刀 scraper刮擦 scraping制动鼓 drum brake制动碟 disc brake制动器 brake受迫振动 forced vibration受迫振荡 forced oscillation和谐 harmony周转齿轮；行星齿轮 epicyclic gear固定夹；台夹 bench holdfast固定负载 dead load定子 stator定位销；合钉 dowel定位螺丝 set screw定距轮 stitch marker屈片机 folding machine屈曲 bending屈服点；降服点 yield point屈圈法 loop forming屈卷法 scrolling屈接缝 folded lap seam屈喉机 tube bender屈折 folding屈折线 folding line屈压接缝 folded & grooved seam延性 ductility延性的 ductile弦锯法 plain sawing弧口凿；圆凿 gouge往复式运动 reciprocatory motion拉力 tensile force拉力计；张力计 tensiometer; tensometer拉钉 blind rivet; pop rivet拉钉接合 blind riveting; pop riveting拉钉钳 blind riveting pliers; pop riveting pliers拉张 tension拉张应力 tensile stress拉张应变 tensile strain拉细 drawing-down拉制法 drawing拉线 wire drawing「披」口；利口；铁屑 burr拔钳 nippers抛光 buffing抛光机 buffing machine放大；扩大 enlargement放大尺 pantograph放大倍数 amplification factor放大器 amplifier放电极加工；火花电蚀法 electrical discharge machining 易用万能尺 line setter易碎 fragile〈绘画的〉明暗运用；描影 shading枝；杆 rod杯形顶尖 cup centre杯头螺丝 hexagonal socket head cap screw板锯 panel saw松木 pine松节水 turpentine法式磨光 French polishing法拉〈电容量单位〉 farad油石；磨刀石 oil stone油漆；涂料 paint泡沫塑料；多孔塑料；海绵状塑料 foam plastics物理特性 physical property物理属性 physical attribute物理量 physical quantity盲孔；闭孔；不贯穿孔 blind hole直尺 ruler; straight rule直角叉榫 corner bridle joint直角尺 try square直角板；角板 angle plate直角杠杆 bell crank lever直身钻嘴 straight shank drill直车刀架 straight tool holder直流发电机 . generator直流电流 direct current .)直流电动机；直流马达 . motor 直纹锯 rip saw 直线切削 linear interpolation 直线运动 rectilinear motion 直边凿；方边凿 firmer chisel 直铁剪 straight snips 硅 silicon 空行程 idle stroke 空气动力学 aerodynamics 空间 space 空载 no load 花纹凿 embossing stamp 花梨木 rosewood 花样；图案 pattern 虎克定律Hooke's Law 虎钳 vice 虎钳护罩 vice clamp 初步意念 proposed solution 表面surface 表面展开图 surface development 表面张力 surface tension 表面处理surface finishing; surface treatment 表面硬化 case hardening 表面硬化钢case-hardened steel 表达方式 presentation 表达技巧；传意技巧 communication technique 表观膨胀；视膨胀 apparent expansion 金工 metalwork 金工工作间metalwork area 金工角尺 engineering square 金工车床 metalwork lathe 金工虎钳engineer's vice 金工锯床 power hacksaw 金属包头；金属箍 ferrule 金属配件metal fittings 金属线 wire 金属压展机 hand rolling mill 金属擦光剂；磨光剂metal polish 金属薄片 sheet metal 金属键 metallic bond 长方通 rectangular tube 长刨 trying plane 长螺旋钻咀 long auger bit 长镗孔 long boring 闸极gate 阻抗 impedance 附件 attachment 附录 appendices 青铜 bronze 非反相放大器non-inverting amplifier 非本征半导体 extrinsic semicon。

立式加工中心系列----VMC850选择配置Configuration option三菱、FANUC、西门子等数控系统Mitsubishi、FANUC、Siemens numerical control system圆盘式刀库、斗笠式刀库Rotary Disc Type Tool Magazine, Carousel Type Tool Magazine 自动排屑器Automatic chip remover第四轴rotate worktable硬轨、线轨Hard rail, line rail全封闭防护罩Fully enclosed protecting cover半封闭防护罩Semi-enclosed protecting cover立式加工中心系列----VMC1060选择配置configuration option三菱、FANUC、西门子等数控系统Mitsubishi、FANUC、Siemens numerical control system圆盘式刀库、斗笠式刀库Rotary Disc Type Tool Magazine, Carousel Type Tool Magazine 自动排屑器Automatic chip remover第四轴Rotate worktable硬轨、线轨Hard rail, Line rail全封闭防护罩Fully enclosed protecting cover半封闭防护罩Semi-enclosed protecting cover立式加工中心系列----VMC1370三菱、FANUC、西门子等数控系统Mitsubishi、FANUC、Siemens numerical control system 圆盘式刀库Rotary Disc Type Tool Magazine,自动排屑器Automatic chip remover第四轴Rotate worktable全封闭防护罩Fully enclosed protecting cover半封闭防护罩Semi-enclosed protecting cover立式加工中心系列----VMC1690选择配置三菱、FANUC数控系统Mitsubishi、FANUC numerical control system圆盘式刀库Rotary Disc Type Tool Magazine,自动排屑器Automatic chip remover第四轴rotate worktable全封闭防护罩Fully enclosed protecting cover半封闭防护罩Semi-enclosed protecting cover立式加工中心系列----VMC1890选择配置三菱、FANUC数控系统Mitsubishi、FANUC numerical control system 第四轴rotate worktable圆盘式刀库Rotary Disc Type Tool Magazine自动排屑器Automatic chip remover第四轴rotation worktable全封闭防护罩Fully enclosed protecting cover 半封闭防护罩Semi-enclosed protecting cover龙门系列数控机床选择配置三菱、FANUC数控系统Mitsubishi、FANUC numerical control system第四轴Rotate work table龙门系列Gantry Series平床身数控车床系列---- CK6140 Flat bed NC lathe CK6140CK6140技术参数technical parameters机床重量机床铸件均采用米汉纳铸铁、树脂砂铸件，经过两次时效处理，稳定性好，强度高，各项精度稳定可靠。

加工中心中文名称：加工中心英文名称：machining center其他名称：自动换刀数控机床定义：能自动更换工具，对一次装夹的工件进行多工序加工的数控机床。

所属学科：机械工程（一级学科）；切削加工工艺与设备（二级学科）；金属切削机床-各种金属切削机床（三级学科）本内容由全国科学技术名词审定委员会审定公布BVM-100-2D双通道现场动平衡仪的加工中心有个很好的故障诊断及振动测试，谁就能在同行业中抢得了制高点。

现在很多厂家在自己的加工中心出厂前，也会简单得做一些振动测试，但是都不是很专业，手段简单，用的仪器也很不专业。

加工中心的发展史加工中心最初是从数控铣床发展而来的。

第一台加工中心是1958年由美国卡尼-特雷克公司首先研制成功的。

它在数控卧式镗铣床的基础上增加了自动换刀装置，从而实现了工件一次装夹后即可进行铣削、钻削、镗削、铰削和攻丝等多种工序的集中加工。

二十世纪70年代以来，加工中心得到迅速发展，出现了可换主轴箱加工中心，它备有多个可以自动更换的装有刀具的多轴主轴箱，能对工件同时进行多孔加工。

加工中心的分类按加工工序分类加工中心按加工工序分类，可分为镗铣与车铣两大类。

（1）镗铣（2）车铣按控制轴数分类按控制轴数可分为：（1）三轴加工中心（2）四轴加工中心（3）五轴加工中心。

按主轴与工作台相对位置分类(1)卧式加工中心：是指主轴轴线与工作台平行设置的加工中心，主要适用于加工箱体类零件。

卧式加工中心一般具有分度转台或数控转台，可加工工件的各个侧面；也可作多个坐标的联合运动，以便加工复杂的空间曲面。

(2)立式加工中心：是指主轴轴线与工作台垂直设置的加工中心，主要适用于加工板类、盘类、模具及小型壳体类复杂零件。

立式加工中心一般不带转台，仅作顶面加工。

此外，还有带立、卧两个主轴的复合式加工中心，和主轴能调整成卧轴或立轴的立卧可调式加工中心，它们能对工件进行五个面的加工。

(3)万能加工中心(又称多轴联动型加工中心)：是指通过加工主轴轴线与工作台回转轴线的角度可控制联动变化，完成复杂空间曲面加工的加工中心。

1木工机械概述1.1概述木工机械是木材加工机械的简称，是指从原木到加工成木制品的整个过程中所使用的各种机械设备。

根据GB7635-87标准中规定，木工机械分为：1）木工机床：制材、家具制作等加工设备；2）人造板机械：人造板及木质纤维加工设备；3）木材处理机械：木材干燥、防腐等设备。

本课程是为机械类专业学生了解和掌握木材加工设备知识而设置得选修课。

本课程主要介绍木工机械的前两类，即木工机床和人造板机械，分别从中选取几种具有代表性的机床设备为同学们讲解其用途、结构、工作原理等。

（1）木材的特点和用途木材具有重量轻、强重比高、弹性好、耐冲击、纹理色调丰富美观，加工容易等优点，自古至今都被列为重要的原材料。

木材工业由于能源消耗低,污染少,资源有再生性，在国民经济中也占重要地位。

其产品已从原木的初加工品(如电杆、坑木、枕木和各种锯材)发展到成材的再加工品，如建筑构件、家具、车辆、船舶、文体用品、包装容器等；以及木材的再造加工品，即各种人造板、胶合木等，从而使木材工业形成了独立的工业体系。

（2）我国木材工业的发展中国在石器时代已以石为刃,刳木为舟,开始了木材加工的历史。

青铜时代，出现了锯条的雏形；春秋时期相传鲁班发明墨汁、角尺等多种木工工具；秦汉之际,木工工具种类益多,锛、凿相继发明；北魏时的《齐民要术》中对木材的加工和利用均有论述；沿至唐、宋，已采用锯开、气干、拼合、包封等较为复杂的技术制造木柱，并有了提高木结构稳定性的蒸煮和干燥处理方法，以及加楔、留缝技术。

明代家具以其结构精巧、造型简朴驰名中外。

中国木材加工业的逐渐机械化始于清末，这时外商在中国建立机械化制材厂，继而发展地板、门窗等以房屋建筑为对象的木材加工厂；20世纪初又设厂生产胶合板。

到50年代中期，胶合板生产有了发展，接着并开始制造刨花板及纤维板；表面装饰材料及层积材等也陆续出现；实木、板式家具实现机械化、自动化生产。

这标志着中国的木材加工业已进入以综合利用为中心的现代化时期。

家具工厂机器设施大全1.横切锯 (Cutoff Saw)2.面刨 (Facer)手压刨 (Hand Jointer)3. 刨木机 (Planer)单面刨 (Single Planer)双面刨 (Double Planer)上下刨 (Facer/Planer)4. 刨(修)边设施 (Lumber Edge Jointing Equipment) Glue Joint Edging Saw胶合平刨机 (Glue Jointer)5. 纵切锯 (Rip Saws)直线纵切锯 (Straight-Line Ripsaw)多片锯 (Gang Ripsaw)6. 胶合设施 (Equipment for Edge ＆ Face Gluing)胶合展起色 (Glue Reel，Clamp Carrier)Batch Press连续式拼板机 (Continuous Edge Gluer)7. 合板设施 (Plywood Equipment)薄片裁切机 (Veneer Clippers)薄片拼接机 (Veneer Splicers)布胶机 (Glue Spreaders)热压机 (Hot Presses)8.裁板设施 (Panel Cutting Equipment)Panel Cut-Up SawsPanel Saws for Trimming9.四周刨 (Moulder)传统式四周刨 (Conventional Moulder)模块设计四周刨 (Feed-Through Moulder-Design Moulder)10.双端裁剪机 (Double End Tenoner)11.全能锯 (Variety Saw)12.带锯与再锯机 (Band Saws ＆ Resaws)带锯机 (Bandsaws)自动带锯机 (Auto. Bandsaws)再锯机 (Resaws)13. 铣剖机与靠模成形机 (Shapers ＆ Profilers)单轴铣剖机 (Single-Spindle Shapers)双轴铣剖机 (Double-Spindle Shapers)自动铣剖机及靠模成形机＆Profilers)Linear Feed ProfilerFixed-Spindle Rotary Shapers and ProfilersWhitney-Type ShaperA &B Auto. ShaperRotary-Table Shapers and ProfilersDouble-Spindle Copying Shaper14. 路达机 (Routers)传统型 (Conventional Pin Router)倒立型 (Inverted Router)数控型 (Numerically Controlled Routers)15. 鸠尾榫机 (Dovetail Machines)鸠尾榫机 (Dovetailer)自动鸠尾榫机 (Auto. Dovetailer)法式鸠尾榫机 (French Dovetailer Machines )16. 雕琢机 (Wood Carving Machines)路达机 (Router)单轴雕琢机 (Spindle Carver)多轴雕琢机 (Multiple-Spindle Carver)热压花机 (Embossing Presses)17. 角凿机 (Mortisers)空心角凿机 (Hollow Chisel Mortiser)振荡凿孔机 (Oscillating Chisel Mortiser)路达机 (Router)18. 钻孔机 (Boring Machines)单轴钻孔机 (Single-Spindle Boring Machines)垂直多轴钻孔机 (Verticle Multiple-Spindle Machines)水平双轴钻孔机 (Horizontal Double-Spindle Machine)簇头 (Cluster Heads)钻孔机 (Fixed-Center Boring Machine)非平行钻孔 (Nonpallel Boring)点到点钻孔 (Point-To-Point Boring)床架钻孔作槽机 (Bed Lock Machines)19. 制椅设施 (Equipment for Seating Furniture)圆榫加工刀头 (Chucking Heads)双端横切及钻孔机 (Double-End Trim and Boring Machine)单端横切及圆榫机 (Single-End Cutoff Boring or Chucking Machine)双端横切、钻孔、注胶及插木钉机(Feed_Through Trim and B ore Machine)水平锯 (Leveling Saw)鞍座刨 (Saddle Seat Cutting)椅座钻孔机 (Seat Boring Machines)椅后脚多轴钻孔机 (Back Post Multiple Boring Machine)20. 车床 (Wood Turning Lathes)单点车床 (Single-Point Lathes)背刀车床 (Back-Knife Lathes)形削车床 (Shaping Lathes)仿形车床 (Copying Lathes)21. 平面砂光机 (Flat Sanding)宽带砂光机 (Wide-Belt Sanders)多鼓砂光机 (Multiple-Drum Sanders)砂刨机 (Abrasive Planers)Hand BlockSanders Hand Lever Stroke SanderPower Stroke SanderHand -Fed SandersSemi-Automatic Sanders Automatic SandersCross-Belt/Wide-Belt Combination Polisher22.曲面砂光机 (Sanding Edges ＆ Mouldings)Edge SanderVertical Belt Variety SanderScroll SanderMould SandingHand Block SandingStationary Formed-Block SandingAutomated_Feed Moulding Sanders for PanelEdges Pneumatic-Drum SandersSpool and Wrap SandersRotating Abrasive Brushes and Wheels Sandind Carvings Sanding TurningsCopy-Shape SandingReciprocating Sanding of Mouldings23. 装置设施 (Assembly Equipment)胶枪 (Glue Gun)布胶器 (Spreaders)木钉涂胶插入机 (Dowel Gluing and Driving Machine)夹具 (Clamps)平面夹具 (Clamps for Flat Subassemblies)高周波夹具 (High-Frequency Electric Assembly Fixtures)立体装置夹具 (Clamps for Final Assembly)旋动箱体夹具 (Revolving Case Clamp)旋动箱体夹具 (Stationary Case Clamping Machine)椅子夹具 (Chair Clamp)抽屉夹具 (Drawer Clamp)床与镜框夹具 (Bed or Mirror Frame Clamp)打钉机 (Fastening Machines)转自 :[url= ://bbs.wtoqc /?fromuid=0] 验货员论坛 [/url]。

机械加工介绍（中英文对照）1 LathesLathes are machine tools designed primarily to do turning, facing and boring, Very little turning is done on other types of machine tools, and none can do it with equal facility. Because lathes also can do drilling and reaming, their versatility permits several operations to be done with a single setup of the work piece. Consequently, more lathes of various types are used in manufacturing than any other machine tool.The essential components of a lathe are the bed, headstock assembly, tailstock assembly, and the leads crew and feed rod.The bed is the backbone of a lathe. It usually is made of well normalized or aged gray or nodular cast iron and provides s heavy, rigid frame on which all the other basic components are mounted. Two sets of parallel, longitudinal ways, inner and outer, are contained on the bed, usually on the upper side. Some makers use an inverted V-shape for all four ways, whereas others utilize one inverted V and one flat way in one or both sets, They are precision-machined to assure accuracy of alignment. On most modern lathes the way are surface-hardened to resist wear and abrasion, but precaution should be taken in operating a lathe to assure that the ways are not damaged. Any inaccuracy in them usually means that the accuracy of the entire lathe is destroyed.The headstock is mounted in a foxed position on the inner ways, usually at the left end of the bed. It provides a powered means of rotating the word at various speeds . Essentially, it consists of a hollow spindle, mounted in accurate bearings, and a set of transmission gears-similar to a truck transmission—through which the spindle can be rotated at a number of speeds. Most lathes provide from 8 to 18 speeds, usually in a geometric ratio, and on modern lathes all the speeds can be obtained merely by moving from two to four levers. An increasing trend is to provide a continuously variable speed range through electrical or mechanical drives.Because the accuracy of a lathe is greatly dependent on the spindle, it is of heavy construction and mounted in heavy bearings, usually preloaded tapered roller or ball types. The spindle has a hole extending through its length, through whichlong bar stock can be fed. The size of maximum size of bar stock that can be machined when the material must be fed through spindle.The tailsticd assembly consists, essentially, of three parts. A lower casting fits on the inner ways of the bed and can slide longitudinally thereon, with a means for clamping the entire assembly in any desired location, An upper casting fits on the lower one and can be moved transversely upon it, on some type of keyed ways, to permit aligning the assembly is the tailstock quill. This is a hollow steel cylinder, usually about 51 to 76mm(2to 3 inches) in diameter, that can be moved several inches longitudinally in and out of the upper casting by means of a hand wheel and screw.The size of a lathe is designated by two dimensions. The first is known as the swing. This is the maximum diameter of work that can be rotated on a lathe. It is approximately twice the distance between the line connecting the lathe centers and the nearest point on the ways, The second size dimension is the maximum distance between centers. The swing thus indicates the maximum work piece diameter that can be turned in the lathe, while the distance between centers indicates the maximum length of work piece that can be mounted between centers.Engine lathes are the type most frequently used in manufacturing. They are heavy-duty machine tools with all the components described previously and have power drive for all tool movements except on the compound rest. They commonly range in size from 305 to 610 mm(12 to 24 inches)swing and from 610 to 1219 mm(24 to 48 inches) center distances, but swings up to 1270 mm(50 inches) and center distances up to 3658mm(12 feet) are not uncommon. Most have chip pans and a built-in coolant circulating system. Smaller engine lathes-with swings usually not over 330 mm (13 inches ) –also are available in bench type, designed for the bed to be mounted on a bench on a bench or cabinet.Although engine lathes are versatile and very useful, because of the time required for changing and setting tools and for making measurements on the work piece, thy are not suitable for quantity production. Often the actual chip-production tine is less than 30% of the total cycle time. In addition, a skilled machinist is required for all the operations, and such persons are costly and often in short supply. However, much of the operator’s t ime is consumed by simple, repetitious adjustments and inwatching chips being made. Consequently, to reduce or eliminate the amount of skilled labor that is required, turret lathes, screw machines, and other types of semiautomatic and automatic lathes have been highly developed and are widely used in manufacturing.2 Numerical ControlOne of the most fundamental concepts in the area of advanced manufacturing technologies is numerical control (NC). Prior to the advent of NC, all machine tools ere manually operated and controlled. Among the many limitations associated with manual control machine tools, perhaps none is more prominent than the limitation of operator skills. With manual control, the quality of the product is directly related to and limited to the skills of the operator. Numerical control represents the first major step away from human control of machine tools.Numerical control means the control of machine tools and other manufacturing systems through the use of prerecorded, written symbolic instructions. Rather than operating a machine tool, an NC technician writes a program that issues operational instructions to the machine tool. For a machine tool to be numerically controlled, it must be interfaced with a device for accepting and decoding the programmed instructions, known as a reader.Numerical control was developed t o overcome the limitation of human operators, and it has done so. Numerical control machines are more accurate than manually operated machines, they can produce parts more uniformly, they are faster, and the long-run tooling costs are lower. The development of NC led to the development of several other innovations in manufacturing technology:Electrical discharge machining,Laser cutting,Electron beam welding.Numerical control has also made machine tools more versatile than their manually operated predecessors. An NC machine tool can automatically produce a wide of parts, each involving an assortment of widely varied and complex machining processes. Numerical control has allowed manufacturers to undertake the production of products that would not have been feasible from an economic perspective using manually controlled machine tolls and processes.Like so many advanced technologies, NC was born in the laboratories of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The concept of NC was developed in the early 1950s with funding provided by the U.S. Air Force. In its earliest stages, NC machines were able to made straight cuts efficiently and effectively.However, curved paths were a problem because the machine tool had to be programmed to undertake a series of horizontal and vertical steps to produce a curve. The shorter the straight lines making up the steps, the smoother is the curve, Each line segment in the steps had to be calculated.This problem led to the development in 1959 of the Automatically Programmed Tools (APT) language. This is a special programming language for NC that uses statements similar to English language to define the part geometry, describe the cutting tool configuration, and specify the necessary motions. The development of the APT language was a major step forward in the fur ther development from those used today. The machines had hardwired logic circuits. The instructional programs were written on punched paper, which was later to be replaced by magnetic plastic tape. A tape reader was used to interpret the instructions written on the tape for the machine. Together, all of this represented a giant step forward in the control of machine tools. However, there were a number of problems with NC at this point in its development.A major problem was the fragility of the punched paper tape medium. It was common for the paper tape containing the programmed instructions to break or tear during a machining process. This problem was exacerbated by the fact that each successive time a part was produced on a machine tool, the paper tape carrying the programmed instructions had to be rerun through the reader. If it was necessary to produce 100 copies of a given part, it was also necessary to run the paper tape through the reader 100 separate tines. Fragile paper tapes simply could not withstand the rigors of a shop floor environment and this kind of repeated use.This led to the development of a special magnetic plastic tape. Whereas the paper carried the programmed instructions as a series of holes punched in the tape, the plastic tape carried the instructions as a series of magnetic dots. The plastic tape was much stronger than the paper tape, which solved the problem of frequent tearing and breakage. However, it still left two other problems.The most important of these was that it was difficult or impossible to change the instructions entered on the tape. To made even the most minor adjustments in a program of instructions, it was necessary to interrupt machining operations and make a new tape. It was also still necessary to run the tape through the reader as many times as there were parts to be produced. Fortunately, computer technology became a reality and soon solved the problems of NC associated with punched paper and plastic tape.The development of a concept known as direct numerical control (DNC) solved the paper and plastic tape problems associated with numerical control by simply eliminating tape as the medium for carrying the programmed instructions. In direct numerical control, machine tools are tied, via a data transmission link, to a host computer. Programs for operating the machine tools are stored in the host computer and fed to the machine tool an needed via the data transmission linkage. Direct numerical control represented a major step forward over punched tape and plastic tape. However, it is subject to the same limitations as all technologies that depend on a host computer. When the host computer goes down, the machine tools also experience downtime. This problem led to the development of computer numerical control.3 TurningThe engine lathe, one of the oldest metal removal machines, has a number of useful and highly desirable attributes. Today these lathes are used primarily in small shops where smaller quantities rather than large production runs are encountered.The engine lathe has been replaced in today’s production shops by a wide variety of automatic lathes such as automatic of single-point tooling for maximum metal removal, and the use of form tools for finish on a par with the fastest processing equipment on the scene today.Tolerances for the engine lathe depend primarily on the skill of the operator. The design engineer must be careful in using tolerances of an experimental part that has been produced on the engine lathe by a skilled operator. In redesigning an experimental part for production, economical tolerances should be used.Turret Lathes Production machining equipment must be evaluated now, more than ever before, this criterion for establishing the production qualification of a specific method, the turret lathe merits a high rating.In designing for low quantities such as 100 or 200 parts, it is most economical to use the turret lathe. In achieving the optimum tolerances possible on the turrets lathe, the designer should strive for a minimum of operations.Automatic Screw Machines Generally, automatic screw machines fall into several categories; single-spindle automatics, multiple-spindle automatics and automatic chucking machines. Originally designed for rapid, automatic production of screws and similar threaded parts, the automatic screw machine has long since exceeded the confines of this narrow field, and today plays a vital role in the mass production of a variety of precision parts. Quantities play an important part in the economy of the parts machined on the automatic screw machine. Quantities less than on the automatic screw machine. The cost of the parts machined can be reduced if the minimum economical lot size is calculated and the proper machine is selected for these quantities.Automatic Tracer Lathes Since surface roughness depends greatly on material turned, tooling , and feeds and speeds employed, minimum tolerances that can be held on automatic tracer lathes are not necessarily the most economical tolerances.In some cases, tolerances of 0.05mm are held in continuous production using but one cut . groove width can be held to 0.125mm on some parts. Bores and single-point finishes can be held to 0.0125mm. On high-production runs where maximum output is desirable, a minimum tolerance of 0.125mm is economical on both diameter and length of turn.中文译文1.车床车床主要是为了进行车外圆、车端面和镗孔等项工作而设计的机床。

机床的介绍作文英文翻译英文：Introduction to Machine Tool。

Machine tools are essential equipment in the manufacturing industry, as they are used to shape and form metal and other solid materials. These tools include lathes, milling machines, drilling machines, and grinding machines, among others. They play a crucial role in producing a wide range of products, from automotive parts to household appliances.One of the most common types of machine tools is the lathe. It is used to rotate a workpiece against a cutting tool to remove material and create a symmetrical object.For example, when I was working in a metalworking factory,I used a lathe to create precise cylindrical shapes for engine parts. The process involved carefully setting the cutting tool and adjusting the speed and feed to achievethe desired dimensions.Another important machine tool is the milling machine, which uses rotary cutters to remove material from a workpiece. I remember using a milling machine to produce intricate patterns on metal components for aerospace applications. It required a high level of precision and attention to detail to ensure the final product met the strict quality standards.Drilling machines are also widely used in the manufacturing industry to create holes in metal and other materials. When I worked in a fabrication shop, I used a drilling machine to accurately drill holes in steel beams for construction projects. The machine's ability to maintain perpendicularity and concentricity was crucial for ensuring the structural integrity of the final assembly.In addition to these examples, there are many other types of machine tools that serve specific purposes in the manufacturing process. Each tool requires skilled operators to set up and operate, as well as regular maintenance toensure optimal performance.Machine tools have revolutionized the way we produce goods, allowing for greater precision, efficiency, and consistency in manufacturing. They have become an indispensable part of modern industry, and their continued development and innovation will shape the future of manufacturing.中文：机床介绍。

∙加工中心介绍∙加工中心(Machining Center)简称MC，是由机械设备与数控系统组成的使用于加工复杂形状工件的高效率自动化机床。

加工中心又叫电脑锣。

加工中心备有刀库，具有自动换刀功能，对工件一次装夹后进行多工序加工的数控机床。

加工中心是高度机电一体化的产品，工件装夹后，数控系统能控制机床按不同工序自动选择、更换刀具，自动对刀、自动改变主轴转速、进给量等，可连续完成钻、镗、铣、铰、攻丝等多种工序。

因而大大减少了工件装夹时间，测量和机床调整等辅助工序时间，对加工形状比较复杂，精度要求较高，品种更换频繁的零件具有良好的经济效果。

加工中心的由来加工中心最初是从数控铣床发展而来的。

与数控铣床相同的是，加工中心同样是由计算机数控系统(CNC)、伺服系统、机械本体、液压系统等各部分组成。

但加工中心又不等同于数控铣床，加工中心与数控铣床的最大区别在于加工中心具有自动交换刀具的功能，通过在刀库安装不同用途的刀具，可在一次装夹中通过自动换刀装置改变主轴上的加工刀具，实现钻、镗、铰、攻螺纹、切槽等多种加工功能。

加工中心的分类一、加工中心按加工工序可分分镗铣与车铣两大类。

（1）镗铣（2）车铣二、按控制轴数可分为：（1）三轴加工中心（2）四轴加工中心（3）五轴加工中心。

三、以主轴与工作台相对位置分类，分为卧式、立式和万能加工中心。

(1)卧式加工中心：是指主轴轴线与工作台平行设置的加工中心，主要适用于加工箱体类零件。

(2)立式加工中心：（Vertical Machining Center）是指主轴轴线与工作台垂直设置的加工中心，主要适用于加工板类、盘类、模具及小型壳体类复杂零件。

(3)万能加工中心(又称多轴联动型加工中心)：是指通过加工主轴轴线与工作台回转轴线的角度可控制联动变化，完成复杂空间曲面加工的加工中心。

适用于具有复杂空间曲面的叶轮转子、模具、刃具等工件的加工。

多工序集中加工的形式扩展到了其他类型数控机床，例如车削中心，它是在数控车床上配置多个自动换刀装置，能控制三个以上的坐标，除车削外，主轴可以停转或分度，而由刀具旋转进行铣削、钻削、铰孔和攻丝等工序，适于加工复杂的旋转体零件。