词义猜测—阅读理解配套练习题(20200513233330)

阅读理解--------词义猜测题一、定义法即根据文章中的定义关系确定生词的词义。

在be, be called, call等判断词出现的判断句中，可根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。

e.g. A glacier is a river of ice.e.g. A linguist is a person who studies the science of language.Exercises:1. Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and weapons.A. 地理学B. 生态学C. 心理学D. 考古学2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man.A. 考古学B. 古生物学C. 人类学D. 男性学二、释义法即根据文章中所提供的释义关系来确定生词的词义。

e.g. They described him as a loon, or a mad man.e.g. It will be very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily.Exercises:1. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.A. 包含B. 取消C. 取代D. 规定2. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.A. 危险的B. 潜在的威胁C. 有害的D. 致命的三、同位语修饰法I. 同位语对所修饰词语的进一步说明和解释，通过其后同位语的“说明或解释”来确定其词义。

2020年高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专练（附答案）1.阅读理解A young man was walking through a supermarket to pick up a few things when he noticed an old lady following him around. Thinking nothing of it,he ignored her and continued on. Finally, he went to the checkout line, but she got in front of him. “Pardon me,” she said, “I'm sorry if my staring at you has made you feel uncomfortable. It's just that you look just like my son who just died recently.”“I'm very sorry,” replied the young man, “Is there anything I can do for you?”“Yes,” she said, “As I'm leaving, can you say ‘Goodbye mother'? It would make me feel much better”. “Sure,” answered the young man.As the old lady was leaving the count er, he called out from behind her, “Goodbye mother!” As he stepped up to the checkout counter and put what he bought on the counter, he saw that his total was $127.5. “How can that be?” he asked, “I only bought a few things!”“Your mother said that you would pay for her.” said the clerk.（1）The underlined word ‘ignore' most probably means _______.A. not to pay attention toB. to put on a smile atC. to watch out for （小心，当心）D. to look down upon（看不起）（2）Which of the following is the right order of the events in the story?a. the man said “Goodbye mother!”b. The woman left the supermarket.c. The woman spoke to the man.d. The man came to the counter.e. The woman got in front of the man.f. The woman followed the man.A. e,f,c,b,a,dB. c,e,f,a,b,dC. f,e,c,a,b,dD. d,e,c,f,b,a（3）What can be concluded（结论）from the passage?A. The man was fooled by the woman.B. The woman was too poor to pay for herself.C. The man didn't pay for the woman.D. The man didn't buy anything in the end.2.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。

初中英语备考宝典：“词义猜测法”解阅读理解题
阅读中遇到生词是难免的，所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以
是人称代词的指代内容。

借助所学猜测词语的基本方法来猜测、推断、理解陌生词
语的词义。

这类题一般要求我们理解阅读理解材料中的某个生词的含义，有时是短
语或句子的确切含义。

要注意三种情况：有的词汇具有一词多义，多义词在不同的
语境中意义是不相同的；有的词虽未学过，但在上下文中能够反映出此词的含义。

不管属于哪种情况，都可通过多种方法猜测其正确含义。

例：
…On that day, students from different clubs show their talents in different ways（用不同的方式）. They can sing English songs and draw. They can play the guitar, the violin, the piano and the drums. They can also play chess and show us their swimming
skills（技巧）…
What’s the meaning of the underlined word “talents”?
A. 才艺
B. 节目
C. 活动
D. 歌声
答案：A
解析：这一段短文介绍了来自不同俱乐部学生进行才艺表演的事情。

根据后文中学
生的一系列活动“唱英语歌、绘画、弹各种乐器、下棋及游泳等”可知前文表示来自
不同俱乐部的学生用不同的方式展示他们的才艺。

故选A。

1.正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。

2.英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义在不同的语境中会有所不同，能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。

3.阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。

1. 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测【典例1】（2020·山东卷C 篇节选）In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia , which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。

高考英语阅读思路专项训练之一猜测词义一、词义理解题常见的题型有:The author uses the word “…” to mean ____.The underlined word (phrase, term) “…” means _____.According to the passage, the word “…” properly means _____.The word “…” in paragraph … refers to ____.By “…”, the author means _____.which of the following is closest in meaning to “…”?What is “…”?二、猜测词义方法1）Definition and explanation 利用定义和解释猜测词义；He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway. The underlined word means____.A.strongB. firmC. kindD. clever2) Experience 根据普通常识和经验推测生词的词义1.Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works.A.to work to liveB. to eat to liveC. to teach to liveD. to pay to use2. A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so.Th e word “audience” in the paragraph means ____.A.studentsB. people who watch a playC. people who act on the stageD. people who listen to something3) Related Information 即根据上下文的语境来猜测生词的词义。

►专题13 阅读理解微技能之词义猜测题【思维导图】【词义猜测题微技能】1．单词或短语意义猜测词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。

具体技巧如下：(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。

有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。

(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。

阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。

(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。

当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思。

(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。

在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。

(5)根据因果关系进行猜测。

在一篇文章中，根据原因可以预测结果；同样，根据结果也可以找出原因。

(6)根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。

文章中的代词it，that，this，he，him 或them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。

有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时还需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。

考点精讲【典例剖析1】Rather unsurprisingly, a massive 77 percent of the people surveyed admitted to being obsessed with regularly taking selfies. What was more interesting, though, was the fact that an astonishing 82 percent of people said that they would rather see other selfies on social media.Diefenbach calls this the “selfies paradox”: the idea that we like taking selfies but seriously dislike looking at other people’s selfies online.41. What does the word “paradox”(paragraph 5) mean?A. complicated statementsB. contradictory statementsC. constructive statementsD. complimentary statements【典例剖析2】Take the mystery of migration for example. Scientists can’t really explain why many species of birds migrate in the autumn even though the temperature is still summery. The birds just seem to snub the comfortable weather that they are having. When a certain time comes, they travel south by the thousand. In spring time, they migrate northwards when though there probably is snow still covering the ground when they finally arrive. Something said “go”, and they did.37. The underlined word “snub” in the third paragraph probably means ________.A. fightB. ignoreC. symbolizeD. criticize【典例剖析3】Nervous suspects locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow colour on the door. If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the balance.56. The expression “tip the balance” in paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might_________.A. let suspects keep their balance.B. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law court.C. help suspects to confess their crimes.D. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colours.【典例剖析4】I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids run ning the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on… At thispoint the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”57. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Encourage team work.B. Appeal to feelings.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.2．句意猜测题句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章理解句意，然后用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。

解密15 阅读理解之词义猜测题词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中必考的题型。

它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。

考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。

【命题趋势】1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。

2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。

3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。

用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂、＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。

【设问形式】1. The underlined word ＂…＂in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.2. By saying that ＂…＂in the first(second…) paragraph, the au thor means that ______.3. In paragraph …, ＂…＂can be replaced by ＂______＂.4. The meaning of ＂…＂in paragraph… is related to ______.5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph pro bably means that _____.对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。

下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。

一、相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。

一、猜测词义题1. 通过定义或释义猜测词义一般可通过定义、定语从句等来确定需要猜测的词的词义，这类词大多是专有名词、生僻词汇或短文中较为重要的词汇，为了让读者能够正确理解它们，作者会作出定义和解释性的说明。

The Jet d'Eau and the Flower Watch are the main attractions every year for the tourists visiting Geneva. The Jet d'Eau has become the symbol of Geneva for a long time. This is a 140 meters high water monument with a rich history. Eight 13,500-watt projects light the grand column（圆柱）of the fountain in the evening. From early March until the second Sunday of October...Question: The “Jet d'Eau” in the paragraph refers to ________.A. the water fountainB. the English GardenC. a new scene with electric lightingD. the name of a famous watchmaker2. 通过对比猜测词义作者通常用however, but, on the other hand, on the contrary, instead of, while等表示转折的词形成相互对比、相互对照的效果，考生可以根据这些词语推断所出现的需要猜测的词语的意思。

Now, here are some simple ways you can produce less waste at work. When you are at the copier, only make the copies you need.Use both sides of the paper when writing something less important. Turn off your lights when you leave. Use a lower watt bulb（灯泡）in your lamp. Drink your coffee or tea out of your mugs instead of single-use cups. Set up a recycling box for cans and one for bottles.Question: The underlined word “mugs” is most likely to be________.A. machines that makes coffeeB. containers that can be used again and againC. paper products for teaD. something that can only be found in an office3. 通过因果关系猜测词义考生可以通过分析事件的结果，推测出可能造成这种结果的原因；或者通过事物的原因，推测出其结果。

专题一阅读理解(词义猜测题)一、知识链接英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。

即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中也难免会遇到生词。

如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。

据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。

因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。

任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。

NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。

但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。

此类题的提问形式一般有：1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "?2. The underlined word, means_______.3. The underlined phrase, means_______.4. The underlined sentence, means_______.二、真题演练（一）典型例题例1、T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits.They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not paytoo much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong” clothes.Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just liketheir friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down.In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits" probably means________.A. tasksB. messagesC. differencesD. advantages变式练习Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although mostpeople do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know littleor nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we doand that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony ofdying can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying andkilling improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage war.The underlined word "agony" in the last paragraph probably means________.A. formB. conditionC. painD. sadness（二）课堂练习10: OOPMScience/HeathIs it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs? The answer is "yes". According to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. After a study of 800 persons with high blood pressure, they found that after 6 months those devoted to weight loss-exercise and eating a low-salt, low-fat food---lost about13 pounds and became fitter. Plus, 35% of them dropped into the "normal" category(范畴). This week, Dr. Alan Duckworth will tell you how these people reduce theirblood pressure to a level similar to what's achieved with Hypertension drugs.In Science/Health, "Johns Hopkins" is________.A. a famous universityB. a medical centerC. a well-known doctorD. a drug company三、方法点拨1.根据定义猜测词义通过定义、定语从句/词组或同位语从句/词组等来确定词义.①直接定义：如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。

高中英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题1.The boy was so excited that he ran around the park like a wild animal. What does “wild” mean?A.tameB.calmC.fierceD.gentle答案：C。

“wild”在这里的意思是“凶猛的、狂野的”。

在这个句子中，男孩像个野生动物一样在公园里跑，说明他非常兴奋，行为比较激烈。

选项A“tame”是“温顺的”；选项B“calm”是“平静的”；选项D“gentle”是“温柔的”，都不符合语境。

通过上下文可以推断出男孩的行为很激烈，所以“wild”应该是“fierce”的意思。

词义猜测的技巧是根据上下文的描述来判断单词的意思。

2.The old man sat on the bench, looking at the beautiful sunset. What does “bench” mean?A.chairB.tableC.sofaD.long seat答案：D。

“bench”在这里的意思是“长凳”。

在这个句子中，老人坐在长凳上看美丽的日落。

选项A“chair”是“椅子”；选项B“table”是“桌子”；选项C“sofa”是“沙发”，都不符合语境。

通过上下文可以推断出老人坐在一个可以坐的地方看日落，而且“bench”通常是指长凳。

词义猜测的技巧是根据上下文的描述和常识来判断单词的意思。

3.The girl was wearing a beautiful dress with colorful flowers on it. What does “colorful” mean?A.blackB.whiteC.monochromeD.multi-colored答案：D。

“colorful”在这里的意思是“多彩的”。

在这个句子中，女孩穿着一件有彩色花朵的漂亮裙子，说明裙子的颜色很丰富。