词义猜测—阅读理解配套练习题(20200513233330)

阅读理解--------词义猜测题一、定义法即根据文章中的定义关系确定生词的词义。

在be, be called, call等判断词出现的判断句中，可根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。

e.g. A glacier is a river of ice.e.g. A linguist is a person who studies the science of language.Exercises:1. Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and weapons.A. 地理学B. 生态学C. 心理学D. 考古学2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man.A. 考古学B. 古生物学C. 人类学D. 男性学二、释义法即根据文章中所提供的释义关系来确定生词的词义。

e.g. They described him as a loon, or a mad man.e.g. It will be very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily.Exercises:1. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.A. 包含B. 取消C. 取代D. 规定2. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.A. 危险的B. 潜在的威胁C. 有害的D. 致命的三、同位语修饰法I. 同位语对所修饰词语的进一步说明和解释，通过其后同位语的“说明或解释”来确定其词义。

2020年高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专练（附答案）1.阅读理解A young man was walking through a supermarket to pick up a few things when he noticed an old lady following him around. Thinking nothing of it,he ignored her and continued on. Finally, he went to the checkout line, but she got in front of him. “Pardon me,” she said, “I'm sorry if my staring at you has made you feel uncomfortable. It's just that you look just like my son who just died recently.”“I'm very sorry,” replied the young man, “Is there anything I can do for you?”“Yes,” she said, “As I'm leaving, can you say ‘Goodbye mother'? It would make me feel much better”. “Sure,” answered the young man.As the old lady was leaving the count er, he called out from behind her, “Goodbye mother!” As he stepped up to the checkout counter and put what he bought on the counter, he saw that his total was $127.5. “How can that be?” he asked, “I only bought a few things!”“Your mother said that you would pay for her.” said the clerk.（1）The underlined word ‘ignore' most probably means _______.A. not to pay attention toB. to put on a smile atC. to watch out for （小心，当心）D. to look down upon（看不起）（2）Which of the following is the right order of the events in the story?a. the man said “Goodbye mother!”b. The woman left the supermarket.c. The woman spoke to the man.d. The man came to the counter.e. The woman got in front of the man.f. The woman followed the man.A. e,f,c,b,a,dB. c,e,f,a,b,dC. f,e,c,a,b,dD. d,e,c,f,b,a（3）What can be concluded（结论）from the passage?A. The man was fooled by the woman.B. The woman was too poor to pay for herself.C. The man didn't pay for the woman.D. The man didn't buy anything in the end.2.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。

初中英语备考宝典：“词义猜测法”解阅读理解题
阅读中遇到生词是难免的，所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以
是人称代词的指代内容。

借助所学猜测词语的基本方法来猜测、推断、理解陌生词
语的词义。

这类题一般要求我们理解阅读理解材料中的某个生词的含义，有时是短
语或句子的确切含义。

要注意三种情况：有的词汇具有一词多义，多义词在不同的
语境中意义是不相同的；有的词虽未学过，但在上下文中能够反映出此词的含义。

不管属于哪种情况，都可通过多种方法猜测其正确含义。

例：
…On that day, students from different clubs show their talents in different ways（用不同的方式）. They can sing English songs and draw. They can play the guitar, the violin, the piano and the drums. They can also play chess and show us their swimming
skills（技巧）…
What’s the meaning of the underlined word “talents”?
A. 才艺
B. 节目
C. 活动
D. 歌声
答案：A
解析：这一段短文介绍了来自不同俱乐部学生进行才艺表演的事情。

根据后文中学
生的一系列活动“唱英语歌、绘画、弹各种乐器、下棋及游泳等”可知前文表示来自
不同俱乐部的学生用不同的方式展示他们的才艺。

故选A。

1.正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。

2.英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义在不同的语境中会有所不同，能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。

3.阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。

1. 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测【典例1】（2020·山东卷C 篇节选）In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia , which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。

高考英语阅读思路专项训练之一猜测词义一、词义理解题常见的题型有:The author uses the word “…” to mean ____.The underlined word (phrase, term) “…” means _____.According to the passage, the word “…” properly means _____.The word “…” in paragraph … refers to ____.By “…”, the author means _____.which of the following is closest in meaning to “…”?What is “…”?二、猜测词义方法1）Definition and explanation 利用定义和解释猜测词义；He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway. The underlined word means____.A.strongB. firmC. kindD. clever2) Experience 根据普通常识和经验推测生词的词义1.Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works.A.to work to liveB. to eat to liveC. to teach to liveD. to pay to use2. A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so.Th e word “audience” in the paragraph means ____.A.studentsB. people who watch a playC. people who act on the stageD. people who listen to something3) Related Information 即根据上下文的语境来猜测生词的词义。

►专题13 阅读理解微技能之词义猜测题【思维导图】【词义猜测题微技能】1．单词或短语意义猜测词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。

具体技巧如下：(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。

有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。

(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。

阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。

(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。

当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思。

(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。

在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。

(5)根据因果关系进行猜测。

在一篇文章中，根据原因可以预测结果；同样，根据结果也可以找出原因。

(6)根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。

文章中的代词it，that，this，he，him 或them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。

有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时还需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。

考点精讲【典例剖析1】Rather unsurprisingly, a massive 77 percent of the people surveyed admitted to being obsessed with regularly taking selfies. What was more interesting, though, was the fact that an astonishing 82 percent of people said that they would rather see other selfies on social media.Diefenbach calls this the “selfies paradox”: the idea that we like taking selfies but seriously dislike looking at other people’s selfies online.41. What does the word “paradox”(paragraph 5) mean?A. complicated statementsB. contradictory statementsC. constructive statementsD. complimentary statements【典例剖析2】Take the mystery of migration for example. Scientists can’t really explain why many species of birds migrate in the autumn even though the temperature is still summery. The birds just seem to snub the comfortable weather that they are having. When a certain time comes, they travel south by the thousand. In spring time, they migrate northwards when though there probably is snow still covering the ground when they finally arrive. Something said “go”, and they did.37. The underlined word “snub” in the third paragraph probably means ________.A. fightB. ignoreC. symbolizeD. criticize【典例剖析3】Nervous suspects locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow colour on the door. If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the balance.56. The expression “tip the balance” in paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might_________.A. let suspects keep their balance.B. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law court.C. help suspects to confess their crimes.D. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colours.【典例剖析4】I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids run ning the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on… At thispoint the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”57. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Encourage team work.B. Appeal to feelings.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.2．句意猜测题句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章理解句意，然后用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。

解密15 阅读理解之词义猜测题词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中必考的题型。

它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。

考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。

【命题趋势】1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。

2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。

3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。

用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂、＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。

【设问形式】1. The underlined word ＂…＂in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.2. By saying that ＂…＂in the first(second…) paragraph, the au thor means that ______.3. In paragraph …, ＂…＂can be replaced by ＂______＂.4. The meaning of ＂…＂in paragraph… is related to ______.5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph pro bably means that _____.对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。

下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。

一、相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。

一、猜测词义题1. 通过定义或释义猜测词义一般可通过定义、定语从句等来确定需要猜测的词的词义，这类词大多是专有名词、生僻词汇或短文中较为重要的词汇，为了让读者能够正确理解它们，作者会作出定义和解释性的说明。

The Jet d'Eau and the Flower Watch are the main attractions every year for the tourists visiting Geneva. The Jet d'Eau has become the symbol of Geneva for a long time. This is a 140 meters high water monument with a rich history. Eight 13,500-watt projects light the grand column（圆柱）of the fountain in the evening. From early March until the second Sunday of October...Question: The “Jet d'Eau” in the paragraph refers to ________.A. the water fountainB. the English GardenC. a new scene with electric lightingD. the name of a famous watchmaker2. 通过对比猜测词义作者通常用however, but, on the other hand, on the contrary, instead of, while等表示转折的词形成相互对比、相互对照的效果，考生可以根据这些词语推断所出现的需要猜测的词语的意思。

Now, here are some simple ways you can produce less waste at work. When you are at the copier, only make the copies you need.Use both sides of the paper when writing something less important. Turn off your lights when you leave. Use a lower watt bulb（灯泡）in your lamp. Drink your coffee or tea out of your mugs instead of single-use cups. Set up a recycling box for cans and one for bottles.Question: The underlined word “mugs” is most likely to be________.A. machines that makes coffeeB. containers that can be used again and againC. paper products for teaD. something that can only be found in an office3. 通过因果关系猜测词义考生可以通过分析事件的结果，推测出可能造成这种结果的原因；或者通过事物的原因，推测出其结果。

专题一阅读理解(词义猜测题)一、知识链接英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。

即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中也难免会遇到生词。

如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。

据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。

因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。

任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。

NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。

但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。

此类题的提问形式一般有：1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "?2. The underlined word, means_______.3. The underlined phrase, means_______.4. The underlined sentence, means_______.二、真题演练（一）典型例题例1、T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits.They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not paytoo much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong” clothes.Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just liketheir friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down.In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits" probably means________.A. tasksB. messagesC. differencesD. advantages变式练习Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although mostpeople do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know littleor nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we doand that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony ofdying can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying andkilling improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage war.The underlined word "agony" in the last paragraph probably means________.A. formB. conditionC. painD. sadness（二）课堂练习10: OOPMScience/HeathIs it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs? The answer is "yes". According to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. After a study of 800 persons with high blood pressure, they found that after 6 months those devoted to weight loss-exercise and eating a low-salt, low-fat food---lost about13 pounds and became fitter. Plus, 35% of them dropped into the "normal" category(范畴). This week, Dr. Alan Duckworth will tell you how these people reduce theirblood pressure to a level similar to what's achieved with Hypertension drugs.In Science/Health, "Johns Hopkins" is________.A. a famous universityB. a medical centerC. a well-known doctorD. a drug company三、方法点拨1.根据定义猜测词义通过定义、定语从句/词组或同位语从句/词组等来确定词义.①直接定义：如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。

高中英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题1.The boy was so excited that he ran around the park like a wild animal. What does “wild” mean?A.tameB.calmC.fierceD.gentle答案：C。

“wild”在这里的意思是“凶猛的、狂野的”。

在这个句子中，男孩像个野生动物一样在公园里跑，说明他非常兴奋，行为比较激烈。

选项A“tame”是“温顺的”；选项B“calm”是“平静的”；选项D“gentle”是“温柔的”，都不符合语境。

通过上下文可以推断出男孩的行为很激烈，所以“wild”应该是“fierce”的意思。

词义猜测的技巧是根据上下文的描述来判断单词的意思。

2.The old man sat on the bench, looking at the beautiful sunset. What does “bench” mean?A.chairB.tableC.sofaD.long seat答案：D。

“bench”在这里的意思是“长凳”。

在这个句子中，老人坐在长凳上看美丽的日落。

选项A“chair”是“椅子”；选项B“table”是“桌子”；选项C“sofa”是“沙发”，都不符合语境。

通过上下文可以推断出老人坐在一个可以坐的地方看日落，而且“bench”通常是指长凳。

词义猜测的技巧是根据上下文的描述和常识来判断单词的意思。

3.The girl was wearing a beautiful dress with colorful flowers on it. What does “colorful” mean?A.blackB.whiteC.monochromeD.multi-colored答案：D。

“colorful”在这里的意思是“多彩的”。

在这个句子中，女孩穿着一件有彩色花朵的漂亮裙子，说明裙子的颜色很丰富。

阅读理解专项突破III词义猜测【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。

【常见考法】1. The underlined word “…”probably means____.2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____.3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____.4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”?5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”?6. By saying “…”, we mean_____.7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for?8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____.一．通过定义或解释推测语义有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。

这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义（1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。

）等。

（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。

阅读技巧词义猜测题练习题及解析。

阅读技巧词义猜测题练习题及解析在阅读理解中，词义猜测题是考察学生对词汇的理解和推断能力的重要题型之一。

这类题目要求学生通过上下文的线索来猜测生词或难词的意思。

本篇文章将为大家提供一些词义猜测题的练习题及解析，帮助大家提高阅读理解能力和词汇运用能力。

练习题1:The teacher's explanation was so abstruse that most students couldn't understand it.根据上下文线索，我们可以推测abstruse的意思是：A. 简单的B. 复杂的C. 有趣的D. 无聊的解析：根据句子的描述，学生们无法理解老师的解释，因此我们可以推测abstruse的意思是“复杂的”(B)。

练习题2:The music performance was so captivating that the audience was entranced.根据上下文线索，我们可以推测captivating的意思是：A. 乏味的B. 平淡的C. 吸引人的D. 无趣的解析：根据句子描述，音乐表演非常吸引人，观众也被它迷住了，因此我们可以推测captivating的意思是“吸引人的”(C)。

练习题3:The hikers were thrilled when they reached the summit of the mountain.根据上下文线索，我们可以推测thrilled的意思是：A. 害怕的B. 高兴的C. 受惊吓的D. 失望的解析：根据句子描述，当登上山顶时，徒步旅行者们感到非常兴奋，因此我们可以推测thrilled的意思是“高兴的”(B)。

练习题4:The new employee's lackadaisical attitude towards work made his colleagues unhappy.根据上下文线索，我们可以推测lackadaisical的意思是：A. 积极的B. 懒散的C. 无聊的D. 关心的解析：根据句子描述，新员工对工作的态度懒散，使得他的同事们不开心，因此我们可以推测lackadaisical的意思是“懒散的”(B)。

阅读理解：词义猜测题专练---肇庆学院外国语学院周加林老师编写❖根据上下文推测划线单词或短语的词义。

1. Plankton means a mass of tiny animals and plants that live in the surface layer of the sea.► The word “plankton” means____________.A. 海草B. 浮游生物C. 贝类D. 海水鱼2. A starfish is known as a flat, star-shaped creature, usually with five arms, that lives in the sea.► The word “starfish” means____________.A. 海星B. 海参C. 珊瑚D. 水母3. Anthropology is the scientific study of people, society, and culture.► What does the underlined word “anthropology” mean in Chinese? /ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒi/A. 易经B. 人类学C. 哲学D. 社会学4. Will online education supersede, or replace, traditional education?► What does the underlined word “supersede” mean in Chinese?A. 超越B. 取代C. 不及D. 追赶5. An e-pal is someone you write e-mails to.► What does the underlined word “e-pal” mean in Chinese?A. 电子邮件B. 电子宠物狗C. 网瘾少年D. 电子朋友；网友6. In stories and legends, a unicorn is an imaginary animal that looks like a white horse with a long straight horn on its forehead.►What does the underlined word “unicorn” mean in Chinese?A. 龙B. 九尾狐C. 独角兽D. 仙鹤7. You must retire early as you have to catch the early train tomorrow.► What does the underlined word “retire” mean in Chinese?A. 睡觉B. 警惕C. 想起D. 观察8. He was hurt in a hit-and-run accident —the guilty driver got away without stopping to help.► The compound word “hit-and-run”means____________.A. 醉驾B. 车超重C. 失控D. 肇事逃逸的9. There was a terrible heavy snow last night. In the early morning, snow and ice made the road impassable.► The word “impassable” means____________.A. 可通行的B. 不能通行的C. 不可能的D. 不平衡的10. Red flags stand out brightly against the blue sky.► What does the underlined phrase “stand out” mean in Chinese?A. 站出来B. 飞C. 显眼D. 跳跃11. Net-addicted children showed apathy—a lack of interest ━toward learning.►The underlined word “apathy” probably means ____________ in this sentence.A. 着迷B. 极感兴趣C. 缺乏兴趣D. 兴奋12. At last, on the Friday morning, I was turned out, that is to say, I was driven away.► The phrase “turn out” means____________ in this sentence.A. 驱逐B. 制裁C. 出卖D. 关掉13. High-tech has grown fast during the past decade, or ten years.►The underlined word “decade” means ____________ in Chinese.A. 岁月B. 时代C. 阶段D. 十年14. These peaches are inferior to those I bought last week. In other words, the peaches which I bought last weekwere much better.►The underlined word “inferior to” in the sentence means _____________.A. 超棒B. 不及C. 更贵D. 更便宜15. A pseudonym is a name that someone, usually a writer, uses instead of his or her real name.► The underlined word “pseudonym” refers to ____________.A. nicknameB. real nameC. given nameD. pen name16. Reading enriches the mind.► The word “enriches” means____________.A. 扩大B. 装满C. 充实D. 损坏17. Footman means a male servant in a house in the past, who opened the front door for visitors, served foodat table, etc.► What does the underlined word “Footman” mean in Chinese?A. 男仆B. 实习生C. 手艺人D. 管家婆18. Over-the-counter medicine refers to a drug that is sold without a prescription (处方).► The phrase “Over-the-counter medicine” means____________.A. 中药B. 非处方药C. 特殊药物D. 处方药19. Oceanography refers to the scientific study of sea currents (海流), the ocean floor, and the fish and animals that live in the sea.► The word“oceanography”means____________.A. 热带洋流B. 海洋学C. 海洋气候学D. 浮游生物20. On the subject of pollution, it’s a global issue. That is to say, about pollution, it’s a world-wide problem.► “On the subject of” means____________ in the sentence.A. sinceB. overC. althoughD. about► What does the underlined noun phrase “global issue” mean in Chinese?A. 温室效应B. 自然灾难C. 全球性问题D. 污染程度阅读理解：词义猜测题专练(答案+解析)---肇庆学院外国语学院周加林老师编写❖根据上下文推测划线单词或短语的词义。

阅读理解中的词义猜测技巧及练习阅读理解是学习过程中必不可少的一项技能，而在阅读理解过程中，词义猜测是非常重要的一环。

通过正确猜测词义，我们能更好地理解文章内容，提高阅读效果。

本文将介绍一些词义猜测的技巧，并提供一些练习。

一、从上下文推测词义在阅读理解中，我们可以通过上下文的线索来推测生词的词义。

上文或下文中的其他单词、短语、句子可以提供关于生词意义的信息。

例如：1. 同义词法推测：当遇到一个生词时，我们可以寻找上下文中是否有与其意思相近的词，从而推测出生词的意义。

比如，当我们遇到"tiny"这个生词，而在上文中提到了"small"这个词，我们可以推测出"tiny"的意思是非常小的。

2. 反义词法推测：有时，我们可以通过寻找上下文中的反义词来推测生词的意义。

例如，当遇到"happy"这个生词时，在上文中提到了"unhappy"，我们可以推测"happy"的意思是快乐的。

3. 举例法推测：在阅读理解中，有时会出现对生词进行解释的例子。

例如，当遇到一个生词"pessimistic"时，下文中提到了"always seeing the negative side"，我们可以推测出"pessimistic"的意思是看问题时总是看到负面的。

二、根据词缀推测词义词缀是词根的前缀或后缀，可以给出单词的一些含义线索。

通过熟悉常见的词缀，我们可以在阅读理解中更准确地猜测生词的意义。

例如：1. 前缀推测：当遇到以"un-"作为前缀的生词时，我们可以推测出它们有否定的意思。

比如，"unclear"的意思是不清楚的，"unhappy"的意思是不快乐的。

2. 后缀推测：当遇到以"-ful"作为后缀的生词时，可以推测出它们表示充满某种特性或具有某种特性。

高考阅读理解词义推测题专项词义猜测题是利用语境（上下文）推测、判断某些生词词义的题。

常见的考题形式有：1.The word“….”refers to/probably means…..2.The underlined word could be replaced by….3.Which of the following words can take the place of “…..”?4.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph5 refer to?5.What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?实战演练A（全国II）Thousands of people living in the Chinese capital will celebrate the start of the Chinese New year by heading for the ski resorts (滑雪场). Never mind that Beijing's dry weather seldom produces snow. It is cold enough in winter for snow-making machines to make a covering for the hills north to the capital. And the rapid growth of a pleasure-seeking middle class has formed the basis for this new craze(热潮）.Since Beijing's first ski resort was opened ten years ago, the sport has enjoyed astonishing increase. There are now more than a dozen resorts. Clothes markets in the city have added bright colored ski suits to their winter collections. Mr. Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe, In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China. But many are in faraway areas of the country and can't really match the equipment and services of some ski resorts in Europe.Beijing's skiing craze is partly a result of the recent increase in private (私有的) cars. This has led to the growth of a Leisure industry in the capital's suburbs (郊区), which until the late-1990s were unreachable to ordinary people, According to Mr. Wei, about 40% of the visitors to his resort come in their own cars. The rest are bused in by schools, businesses or government Offices.The problem is making money. Starting ski resorts requires quite a lot of money; hiring land from the local government, preparing the hills, buying snow machines, making sure there are enough water and electricity to run them, and buying ski equipment for hiring out to customers.The ski resort where Mr. Wei works cost nearly $4m to set up. And. as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea, many others rush in and price wars break out. Beijing now offers some of the cheapest ski training classes in the world, though with most people rather new to the sport, expecting a few more doing the same job.1. What does this text mainly talk about?A. Convenience for skiers brought about by private cars.B. Skiing as a new way of enjoying one's spare time.C. Things to be considered when starting a ski resort.D. A sudden increase of ski training classes in Beijing.2. Why are some Chinese likely to go skiing in Europe?A. To visit more ski areas.B. To ski on natural snow.C. For a large collection of ski suits.D. For better services and equipment.3. The underlined words "leisure industry" in Paragraph 3 refer to__________.A. transport to ski resortsB. production of family carsC. business of providing spare time enjoymentsD part-time work for people living in the suburbs4. What is the main problem in running a ski resort?A. Difficulty in hiring land.B. Lack of business experience.C. Price wars with other ski resorts,D. Shortage of water and electricityB(北京)The Cost of Higher EducationIndividuals (个人) should pay for their higher education.A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduatesearn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of government. Using taxpayers’ money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And there teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest.Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.1. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to __________.A. taxpayersB. pressing callsC. college graduatesD. government resources2. The author thinks that with full government funding __________.A. teachers are less satisfiedB. students are more demandingC. students will become more competentD. teachers will spend less time on teaching3. The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to __________.A. argue against free university educationB. call on them to finance students’ studiesC. encourage graduates to go into businessD. show their contribution to higher educationC（天津）Why play games? Because they are fun, and a 1ot more besides. Following the rules…planning your next move...acting as a team member…these are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your life.Think about some off the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作) .Many children’s games have a practical side Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. Which sharpens the hand-eye coordination（协调）needed in hunting.Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccerballs but also a promising future.Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.1. Through playing hide-and-seek, children are expected to learn to ________.A. be a team leaderB. obey the basic rulesC. act as a grown-upD. predict possible danger2. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means that games can________.A. describe life in an exciting wayB. turn real-life experiences into a playC. make learning life skills more interestingD. change people’s views of sporting event s3. According to the passage, why is winning Olympic medals so encouraging?A. It inspires people’s deep love for the country.B. It proves the exceptional skills of the winners.C. It helps the country out of natural disasters.D. It earns the winners fame and fortune.4. Iribarne’s goal of forming the foundation is to _______.A. bring fun to poor kidsB. provide soccer balls for childrenC. give poor kids a chance for a better lifeD. appeal to soccer players to help poor kids5．What can be inferred from the passage?A. Games benefit people all their lives.B. Sports can get all athletes together.C. People are advised to play games for fun.D. Sports increase a country’s competitiveness.D(重庆)One morning more than thirty years ago. I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest (卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed and empty chair next to an elderly. Unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone; I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide range of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might are no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked.“May I get you something?”“A coffee would he nice.”Then I bought him a cup of coffee. We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee. Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked.“How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath?”“Who?”“The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs. ”I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the world’s richest and most powerful men ! ”My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerely.1. What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?A. UnfriendlyB. untidyC. GentleD. kind2. The author bought coffee for the old man because ______.A. he thought the old man was poorB. he wanted to start a conversationC. he intended to how his politenessD. he would like to thank the old man3. How did the author probablyy feel after he talked with his friend?A. ProudB. PitifulC. SurpriseD. Regretful4. What is the message mainly expressed in the story?A. We should learn to be generousB. It is honorable to help those in need.C. People in high position are not like what we expectD. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.E(课标全国卷)There were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved.I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive; I decided to wave back.From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm. Soon the train pulled up atButterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile, I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug (拥抱). I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car.I looked forward to the return journey.1. The author expected the train trip to be________ .A. adventurousB. pleasantC. excitingD. dull2. What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip?A. The friendly country people.B. The mountains along the way.C. The crowds of people in the streets.D. The simple lunch served on the train.3. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word "relish" in the second paragraph?A. chooseB. enjoyC. prepare forD. carry on4. Where was the writer going?A. Johore BaruB. The Causeway.C. ButterworthD. Singapore5. What can we learn from the story?A. Comfort in traveling by train.B. Pleasure of living in the country.C. Reading gives people delight.D. Smiles brighten people up.。

第3讲词义猜测题（模拟精练+真题演练）For an atmosphere with Earth’s atmospheric pressure, CO2 levels as high as 1 per cent can cause sleepiness in humans, and once we reach levels of 10 per cent CO2, we will suffocate even if there is abundant oxygen. The proposed absolute best-case scenario (设想)for changing Mars leaves us with an atmosphere we are incapable of breathing.What does the underlined word “suffocate” mean in Paragraph4?A．Choke.B．Faint.C．Hurt.D．Explode..13.（2023年湖南长沙一中三模）drawing a picture with a big red marker around it,” he added.Which can best replace the word “depositing” in Paragraph 3?A．leaving B．hiding C．removing D．detecting14.（2023广东深圳·外国语学校阶段练习）用适当的单词填空1.（2023年全国乙卷D篇）The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.14. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Problem.B. History.C. Voice.D. Society.2.（2022年新课标I卷C篇）Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”30．What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?A．Improve.B．Oppose.C．Begin.D．Evaluate.3.（2022年新课标II卷C篇）This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?A．Provided shelter for me.B．Became very clear to me.C．Took the pressure off me.D．Worked quite well on me.4.（2022年全国甲卷C篇）Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.28．Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?A．Try challenging things.B．Take a degree.C．Bring back lost memories.D．Stick to a promise.5.(2022年全国乙卷)That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.29.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A．Personnel safety.B．Assistance from drones.C．Inspection and repair.D．Construction of infrastructure.6.（2022年浙江卷6月）How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office.28．The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______.A．is good at handling pressure B．works hard to become successfulC．a has a natural talent for his job.D．gets on well with his co-workers7.（2021年全国乙卷）In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Admit.B. Argue.C. Remember.D. Remark.8.（2021年新高考I卷）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A. Acquire.B. Export.C. Destroy.D. Distribute.8.（2021年新高考II卷）As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.25. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?A. Behave badly.B. Lose their way.C. Sleep soundly.D. Miss their mom.9.（2021年浙江卷1月）“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. ”9．What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?A．Difference.B．Conflict.C．Balance.D．Connection.10.（2021年浙江卷6月）In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.26. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?A. recordsB. predictsC. delaysD. confirms。