专题一阅读理解(词义猜测题)
一、知识链接
英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中
也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读
变得索然无味。据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词
词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内
容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有：
1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "?
2. The underlined word, means_______.
3. The underlined phrase, means_______.
4. The underlined sentence, means_______.
二、真题演练
（一）典型例题
例1、
T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits.
They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay
too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong” clothes.
Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just like
their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down.
In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits" probably means________.
A. tasks
B. messages
C. differences
D. advantages
变式练习
Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most
people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little
or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.
Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we do
and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character-
building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of
dying can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying and
killing improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage war.
The underlined word "agony" in the last paragraph probably means________.
A. form
B. condition
C. pain
D. sadness
（二）课堂练习
10: OOPM
Science/Heath
Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs? The answer is "yes". According to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. After a study of 800 persons with high blood pressure, they found that after 6 months those devoted to weight loss-exercise and eating a low-salt, low-fat food---lost about
13 pounds and became fitter. Plus, 35% of them dropped into the "normal" category
(范畴). This week, Dr. Alan Duckworth will tell you how these people reduce their
blood pressure to a level similar to what's achieved with Hypertension drugs.
In Science/Health, "Johns Hopkins" is________.
A. a famous university
B. a medical center
C. a well-known doctor
D. a drug company
三、方法点拨
1.根据定义猜测词义通过定义、定语从句/词组或同位语从句/词组等来确定词义.
①直接定义：如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
1)In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds
himself or herself in a difficult situation.
定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be
called, be known as, define, represent等。
②同位语：构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引
号和括号等。需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other
words, namely, or rather等副词或短语出现。
2)William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill togethe r.”
The underlined word “mingled” in the paragraph most probably means “______”．
A. simple
B. mixed
C. sad
D. happy
3)Mary felt perturbed, that is, she was greatly disturbed by her sister's action.
4)There are two types of fat, external fat(fat under skin)and internal fat (fat inside the body wall)．
③定语从句：定语从句有时起着解释和说明的作用，据此我们可以推断出所修饰词的含义。
5)The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
