2021_2022学年新教材高中英语UNIT2 突破语法大冲关学案含解析新人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 2 A life’s work表语从句在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句称为表语从句。

一、that，whether引导的表语从句[观察例句]1．The trouble is that I have lost his address.2．What he wants to know is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning.[归纳用法]1．连接词that在从句中只起到连接作用，不作任何成分。

2．连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否；究竟；到底”，在句中不作任何成分。

二、as if/though，because，why引导的表语从句[观察例句]1．It sounds as if/though someone is knocking at the door.2．That's because he didn't understand me.3．That's why he got angry with me.[归纳用法]1．as if 引导表语从句时，可以和as though互换。

2．as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be，become等后面。

3．That's because...强调原因；That's why...强调结果。

[名师点津]reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。

[即学即练1] 单句语法填空①The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.②What cost him his life was that he was too careless.③All she's worried about is whether he is all right.④From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water.三、连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句[观察例句]1．The problem is who we can get to replace her.2．Be sure to be with a strong awareness that you are what you eat!3．The question is how he did it.4．Their difficulty is where they can raise enough money.[归纳用法]1．连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。

Unit 2 Exploring English构词法(Word Formation)一、构词法的定义及分类按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。

英语构词法主要有转化法、合成法、派生法、首尾缩略法等。

二、构词法讲解(一)转化法1．概念：英语中一个词由一种词类转到另一种或几种词类而不发生词形的变化，称为转化。

2．四种转化[观察典例]Let's go out for a walk.我们出去散散步吧。

Women have an equal say in everything.妇女在各方面都有同等的发言权。

He backed his car into the garage.他把车倒进车库。

Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗？The train slowed down to half its speed.火车速度减慢了一半。

We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

She was dressed in blue.她穿着蓝色衣服。

The old here are living a happy life.这里的老年人过着幸福的生活。

[归纳方法]四种转化：①动词转化为名词②名词转化为动词③形容词转化为动词④形容词转化为名词。

[即时训练1] 句型转换1．We had lunch together after the meeting.→We lunched together after the meeting.2．Let's fill the water into this bottle.→Let's bottle the water.3．You are so fat that you have to go on a diet.→You are so fat that you have to diet.4．Snow often falls in my hometown in winter.→It often snows in my hometown in winter.(二)合成法1．概念：由两个或多个单词合成一个新词，通常前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。

被动语态被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身时也常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。

[观察例句]1．My washing machine is being repaired this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.2．I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan had been carried out in the past two years.3．When fat and salt are removed from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.4．The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.5．Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.[归纳用法]一、被动语态的构成：be ＋过去分词各种时态的被动语态形式(以do 为例)现在过去将来过去将来一般式am/is/are done was/were done will/shall bedonewould/shouldbe done进行式am/is/are beingdonewas/werebeing done完成式have/has beendoneHad been donewill/shall havebeen donewould/shouldhave been done1．主动变为被动时，宾语成了主语，(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。

Unit 2 Exploring English1．sculpt v．雕刻，雕塑→sculpture n．雕刻品，雕像，雕塑作品2．oppose v．反对→opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的3．behave v．举止→behavior n．举止，行为4．confuse v．使困惑→confusing adj.令人困惑的→confused adj.困惑的→confusion n．困惑5．alarm n．警报器；闹钟→alarmed adj.警觉的6．reflect v．显示，反映→reflection n．显示，反映7．create v．创造→creative adj.创造(性)的→creativity n．创造性，创造力8．visible adj.看得见的，可见的→invisible adj.看不见的1．alarm n.惊恐，惊慌，恐慌；警报；警报器；闹钟①I felt a growing sense of alarm when he did not return that night. 恐慌②She decided to sound the alarm. 警报③A car alarm went off in the middle of the night. 警报器④The alarm went off at 7 o'clock 闹钟2．reflect vt.反映；反射(声、光、热等)；显示；表达；沉思①Her facial expression reflected how she really felt. 反映②Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community. 表达③Before I decide，I need time to reflect. 沉思Words and Phrases知识要点1have trouble (in)doing sth.做某事有困难/麻烦(教材原句P14)Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English?你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学习英语很困难？[例] Many parents frankly admit that they have trouble bringing up their children.许多家长坦诚，他们在抚养子女的问题上有困难。

Unit2ExploringEnglishSectionA　Startingout&Understandingideas课后篇巩固提升必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Human activities contain many bad (行为) that affect the environment greatly.2.As is known to all,everyone is (独一无二的) and you don’t have to imitate others.3.The elephant had heard the distant a calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed.4.Without the forest covering,these areas would r more heat into the atmosphere.5.Its sculpture was judged the best for (创造力),technical skills and visual impact.6.The harmful materials became h to the environment after being dealt with properly.7.The students began to feel h after they had been here for a month.8.His writing is so (令人困惑的) that it’s difficult to make out what he is trying to express.Ⅱ.短语填空look out of,burn up,fill in,wind up,add to,take a photo,agree with,deal with1.After a long flight,the satellite re-entered the atmosphere and .2.I have no way yet as to how to such a complicated situation.3.I suppose you could the window and see lots of scenery.4.My watch has stopped and I must have forgotten to it .5.Make a good pose and I will for you.6.If you are applying for this position in the company,please the form.7.Visiting the exhibition will your understanding of traditional Chinese culture.8.I most of what you said,but I don’t agree with everything.Ⅲ.完成句子1.你能就如何学好英语给我一些建议吗?Can you on how to learn English well?2.我上中学时学习英语有些困难。

新教材高中英语：UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUESv．­ing形式作宾语补足语和状语v.­ing形式作宾语补足语和状语是本单元的语法内容，也是v.­ing的重点和难点。

希望同学们认真学习掌握他们的用法。

[观察例句]1....her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees.2．Thinking of all the people still in need of help，Dr.Lin opened a private clinic.3．The new People's Republic of China saw Dr.Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.[归纳用法]一、v.­ing形式作宾语补足语1．(1)v.­ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。

When we returned to the school，we found a stranger standing at the entrance.当我们回到学校时，发现一个陌生人站在大门口。

I found a bag lying on the ground.我发现地上放着一个包。

(2)当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的v.­ing形式便转换为主语补足语。

They found the result very satisfying.＝The result is found very satisfying.这个结果很令人满意。

They heard him singing in the next room.＝He was heard singing in the next room.有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。

2．能用v.­ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词(短语)，常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to等We saw a light burning in the window.我们看见窗户里有一盏灯在亮着。

Unit 2 The universal language动词­ing形式作主语和宾语[观察例句]观察以下例句，体会其黑体局部的语法功能1．Learning to understand and share the value system of a whole society cannot be achieved just in the home.作主语2．Taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy.作主语3．I consider waiting a bit longer before I give up.作宾语4．I can't imagine marrying such a woman.作宾语5．I kept studying English for 1 hour yesterday evening.作宾语[归纳用法]1．动词­ing形式作主语(1)往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。

Swimming is my favourite sport.游泳是我最喜欢的一项运动。

Collecting stamps is his hobby.集邮是他的爱好。

[名师点津]动词­ing形式和不定式都可以作主语。

动词­ing形式作主语表示一般或抽象的屡次行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。

作宾语时也是如此。

Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。

(泛指)Be careful！To play with fire will be dangerous.小心点！玩火会带来危险。

(指一具体动作)(2)在It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a waste of time/fun等后需用动词­ing形式作真正的主语，句首的it是形式主语。

UNIT 2 BRIDGING CULTURES1．call vt.& vi.喊；命名；召唤；认为→recall vt.& vi.记起；回想起2．qualify vt.& vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格→qualification n．(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历3．ambition n．追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负→ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的4．adapt vt.&vi.(使)适应；改编→adaptation n．适应；改编本→adaptable adj.可适应的，有适应能力的5．comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸vt.安慰；抚慰→comfortable adj.舒服的→comfortably adv.舒服地；自在地→uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不安的；不自在的→uncomfortably adv.不舒服地；不自在地6．participate vi.参加；参与→participation n．参加；参与7．present vt.提出；赠送；呈现n．礼物；现在adj.出席的；现在的；存在的→presentation n．报告；陈述；出示；拿出1．qualify vt.& vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格①I won't qualify until next year. vi.具备资格②This certificate qualifies the products. vt.使合格③His past experience qualified him to handle such a delicate matter.vt.使具备资格2．comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸vt.安慰；抚慰①You can now watch the latest movies in the comfort of your own home.n.舒服；安逸②She is enjoying the comforts of life. n.令人感到安慰的人或事物③I often take comfort from reading. n.安慰④It comforts her to feel his arms around her. vt.安慰；抚慰3．involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加①The demonstration (游行示威)involved 200 students. vt.涉及②The reforms will inevitably involve a lot of new paperwork for teachers.vt.需要③What kind of organizations will be involved in setting up these projects?vt.使参加Words and Phrases知识要点1adaptation n．适应；改编本(教材P14) Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation，Xie Lei chose to live with a host family，who can help with her adaptation to the new culture.虽然有些外国学生住在学校宿舍，但谢蕾选择了寄宿家庭，他们可以帮助她适应新的文化。

Unit 2 Onwards and upwardsv．­ing和不定式作宾语[观察例句]观察如下句子，指出其黑体局部的动词形式与作用。

1．As a young man，he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.动词­ing作介词的宾语2．“We regret to inform you...〞are the words every writer knows well.不定式作宾语3．However，he doesn't care about being famous.动词­ing作介词的宾语4．He enjoys listening to violin music，playing mahjong，swimming and reading.动词­ing作动词的宾语5．He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.动词­ing作介词的宾语6．Xiao Wang's parents planned to take a holiday abroad.不定式作动词的宾语7．They start working/to work at eight every morning.不定式或动词­ing作动词的宾语8．He neglected locking/to lock the door.不定式或动词­ing作动词的宾语9．In those days they couldn't afford to buy a car.不定式作动词的宾语10．I may claim to have learned 8，000 English words.不定式作动词的宾语[归纳用法]一、只接动词­ing 形式作宾语的动词 1．作动词的宾语括号中的动词后接动词­ing 形式作宾语。

UNIT 2 TRAVELLING AROUND课时分层作业(七)Ⅰ.单词拼写1．The rent(租金) for the apartment in the downtown area is 20,000 yuan every month.2．It is amazing(令人吃惊的) that China has made such a great achievement in the medical field.3．As the idea of low­carbon life is now widely accepted，more and more people travel by public transport(交通工具)．4．We arrived at our destination(目的地)，tired and hungry.5．I really admire(钦佩) and respect those who made such great inventions!6．The Internet is an important source(来源) of the latest news for people.7．Their close knowledge of the area places them in a unique(独特的) position to advise on social policy.8．Some of these tourists only want fort，but a number of them like a more natural experience，and look for simple acmodation (住宿) or camping sites.9．Wherever there is beautiful scenery, I will pack (打包) my bags and leave for the land.10．I suggest you apply (申请) for Peking University, one of the best universities in China.Ⅱ.阅读理解AMany families take their children on vacation. They will usually travel for a few days or weeks during school breaks. But Julie and Tim Smith have planned a longer vacation with their two children. The Smith family is on a one­year trip around theworld.They plan to visit 30 countries in all. Right now, the four travellers are about halfway through their trip.Ms. Smith says they are trying to see as much of the world as they can.­year­old Tyler says he has enjoyed learning about the people they have met. He says, “I learned in Africa that people have very different lifestyles than in America.”His sister, 9­year­old Kara, discovers that she likes Thai food. Ms. Smith says that the trip teaches the children a lot.It took the family a year to prepare for the trip.They had to sell their house and cars. Ms. Smith left her job and her husband is using unpaid leave. They carry small bags filled with lightweight clothing and whatever else they need. Ms. Smith says she enjoys being able to carry everything she needs on her back.She says she does not miss the things she has back home. “What has bee more important is making these memories as a family and taking those with us instead.”The Smiths will continue to head east for the next six months.【语篇解读】本篇文章主要讲述了Smiths一家四口环游世界的故事，Smiths夫妇带着自己的一对儿女通过长期旅行的方式更接近这个世界，遇见更多的人，同时也学会了很多日常生活中体会不到的东西。

WELCOME UNIT句子成分和基本句型组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。

根据各部分在句子中所起的作用，可以把句子成分分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。

不同句子成分构成不同的句型。

本单元语法主要讲述句子成分和8种基本句型。

[观察例句]1．A boy meets a girl during a break.2．The class was difficult.3．He even told us a funny story.4．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.[归纳用法]一、句子成分成分意义位置主语S(subject) 句子的主体；谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由“谁”发出位于句首谓语V(verb) 表示主语的行为或状态，是句子的灵魂、核心主语之后宾语O(object) 表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者动词或介词后直接宾语DO(directobject)表示动作的承受者，一般是物动词后间接宾语IO(indirectobject)表示动作是对谁或为谁做的，一般是人动词后表语P(predicative) 用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等系动词后定语(attribute) 用来修饰名词或代词，说明其本质或特征名词或代词前宾语补足补充说明宾语的动作或状态宾语后标出下面句子的成分(用S，V，O，P，A，DO，IO，OC) ①I will return you the book tomorrow.I S will returnVyouIOthe bookDOtomorrowA.②I found the film interesting.I S foundVthe filmOinterestingOC.③She is beautiful and smart.She S isVbeautiful and smartP.④He offered me a job yesterday.He S offeredVmeIOa jobDOyesterdayA.⑤The English class begins at eight o'clock.The English classS beginsVat eight o'clockA.二、八种基本句型1．主谓结构(SV)：主语＋谓语(不及物动词)这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词(短语)，故后不能直接接宾语，也没有被动语态。

UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE不定式作主语[观察例句]1．To say is one thing and to do is another.2．It's rude to turn your back on your teacher and refuse to answer.3．It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking effort.4．It seemed a pity to have wasted so much time.[归纳用法]1．把不定式置于句首。

如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。

To make a plan first is a good idea.首先制定好计划是个好主意。

2．用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。

如：(1)It＋be＋名词＋to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.照顾好老人是我们的责任。

(2)It takes sb.＋some time＋to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?你花了多少时间来完成这项工作？(3)It＋be＋形容词＋for sb.＋to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.我们难以在15分钟内完成这篇作文。

(4)It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to doIt seemed impossible to save money.省钱似乎不可能。

(5)It ＋不定式结构可位于believe/consider/discover/ expect/find/think和wonder之后He thought it would be safer to go by train.他认为乘火车比较安全。

将来进行时一、定义将来进行时表示最近或较远的将来正在进行的动作或说话人已经计划或安排好的事情。

二、构成【观察例句】We shall be landing in Paris in sixteen minutes.我们将在16分钟后在巴黎机场降落。

Anyhow, you won't be playing for the next few Saturdays.无论如何，后几个星期六你不许再玩了。

—Will you be remaining in the city?—Yes, I shall be (remaining in the city)．——你将来会留在这个城市吗？——是。

—What time will she be arriving?—She will be arriving at about 8：30 tomorrow morning.——她什么时候到达？——她大概明天上午8点半到达。

【归纳用法】1．肯定句：主语＋shall/will ＋be ＋现在分词...2．否定句：主语＋shall/will ＋not ＋be ＋现在分词...3．疑问句：Shall/Will ＋主语＋be ＋现在分词...?4．疑问代词/疑问副词＋shall/will ＋主语＋be ＋现在分词...?【名师点津】shall用于第一人称，will用于第一、二、三人称。

[即学即练1]——完成句子①今晚我将在办公室里待到比较晚。

I will be staying late at the office this evening.②——他们会顺着这条路来吗？——不，他们不会从这条路来。

—Will they be coming this way?—No, they won't be (coming this way)．③明天早上十点他会在干嘛？What will he be doing at 10：00 a．m. tomorrow?三、将来进行时的主要用法【观察例句】A space vehicle will be circling Jupiter in five years' time.航天器5年后将绕木星飞行。

新教材高中英语新人教版必修第二册：UNIT 2 WILDLIFE PROTECTION现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作。

[观察例句]1．African elephants are being hunted.2．What is being done to help them?3．What measures are being taken to help them?4．I am working at home today because my office is being painted. [归纳用法]一、现在进行时的被动语态的构成be(am/is/are)＋ being＋ doneThe bridge is being built across the river this month.这个月人们正在建造横跨这条河的桥。

二、现在进行时的被动语态的结构肯定句主语＋be(am/is/are) ＋being done否定句主语＋be(am/is/are) ＋not＋ being done 一般疑问句be(am/is/are) ＋主语＋being done 特殊疑问句疑问词＋be(am/is/are) ＋主语＋being done据报道，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。

Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse?这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？Who is being trained for the coming English speech contest?为了即将举行的英语演讲比赛，谁正在被训练？[即学即练1] 句型转换They are building a modern school in his hometown.①A modern school is being built in his hometown.(改为被动语态)②A modern school isn't being built in his hometown.(改为否定句)③Is a modern school being built in his hometown？(改为一般疑问句)④Where is a modern school being built？(对句中的in his hometown进行提问)三、现在进行时的被动语态的用法1．表示此刻正在进行的被动动作，句中常用now，at the moment等时间状语。

Unit 2 Travelling AroundDiscovering Useful Structures现在进行时表将来观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能和构成:1. I’m travelling around Europe for two weeks with my aunt and uncle.2. I already have my passport, and I am applying for my visa tomorrow.3. My parents are taking me to Yunnan Province in China to visit Lijiang!4.I’m buying a Lijiang guidebook today, actually.【归纳填空】一、现在进行时表示将来现在进行时表示将来主要用于表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或事件。

这种用法给人一种期待感, 常表示最近或较近的将来。

1. 表示计划或安排现在进行时表示将来意义, 主要用于谈论已经计划或安排好的动作, 所涉及的动词多是一些表示位置移动的词, 主要有arrive, come, dine, do, drive, fly, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, see, spend, start, stay, travel, set off, take off等。

*I am leaving tonight. I’ve got my plane ticket.我今天晚上就要动身了, 已经买好了机票。

*I am meeting Tom tonight. He is taking me to the theatre. 今天晚上我要跟汤姆会面。

他要带我去看戏。

2. 表示即将发生对于即将要发生的动作, 不管是计划好的还是没有计划好的, 通常都可用现在进行时来表示。

Unit 2 Travelling around现在进行时表示将来现在进行时除了表示“①正在进行的动作；②现阶段正在发生的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行”之外，还可以表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行或发生的事情。

即现在进行时表示将来。

[观察例句]1．I'm planning to travel to Jiuzhai Valley.2．I'm looking forward to seeing the colourful lakes，amazing waterfalls...3．How are you getting ready for your trip?4．What are you doing this weekend?5．We're meeting at 10：00 a．m. at the bus stop near our school.6．Are you eating there at the water park?[归纳用法]一、现在进行时表示计划安排好要采取的行动或要做的事情如：What are you doing for the National Day holiday?你国庆假期打算做什么？Sam is taking advanced literature next term.萨姆下学期要选修高级文学。

We are spending the Spring Festival in Sanya.My parents have booked the air tickets.我们打算在三亚过春节。

我爸爸妈妈已经订好机票了。

[名师点津]①在使用现在进行时表示将来的句子中，除非上下文意思清楚，通常都需要时间状语。

如：Are you meeting your coach this weekend?这个周末你要和教练见面吗？We are having a few guests over tomorrow.明天有几位客人要来。