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利用英文全文数据库利用英文全文数据库——Elsevier 进行文献信息检索示例1、检索课题名称：我国新农村沼气建设2、课题分析：中文关键词为：我国新农村，沼气，建设英文关键词为：country，biogas，development3、选择检索工具：Elsevier 数据库4、构建检索策略： country AND biogas AND development5、简述检索过程:选定在Elsevier 中期刊、图书、文摘数据库等全部文献资源中检索 1996 年以后的关于我国新农村沼气建设的相关文献。
利用确定的检索策略（waste water AND treatment），文献全文（含文献题目、摘要、关键词）中检索，检到 9735篇相关文献；在文献题目、摘要和关键词中检索，检索到984 篇相关文献；在文献关键词中检索到 137 篇相关文献；在文献题目中检索到 114篇相关文献。
6、整理检索结果：从以上文献中选择出2 条切题文献1.Biogas, renewable energy resource for PakistanSyed S. Amjid , , Muhammad Q. Bilal, Muhammad S. Nazir, Altaf Hussain Department of Livestock Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Received 31 January Mechanical characteristics evaluation of biogas micro turbine power systems 2011; Accepted 20 February 2011. Available online 5 May 2011.2.Kwang-beom Hur , , Sang-kyu Rhim, Jung-keuk ParkKorea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO), Korea Electric Power Research Institute (KEPRI), 103-16 Munji-dong, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 305-380, Republic of KoreaReceived 12 September 2007; revised 6 August 2009; Accepted 14 August 2009. Available online 20 August 2009.7、全文摘录选择一篇：Biogas, renewable energy resource for Pakistan一、篇名：Biogas, renewable energy resource for Pakistan二、著者：Syed S. Amjid , , Muhammad Q. Bilal, Muhammad S. Nazir, Altaf Hussain三、著者机构：Department of Livestock Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanReceived 31 January 2011; Accepted 20 February 2011. Available online 5 May 2011。
（四）利用英文全文数据库——Elsevier 进行文献信息检索示例1、检索课题名称：现代建筑结构体系研究2、课题分析：“现代建筑”属于本课题中的主体，其应用目标是“结构体系”的研究，而“研究”是句法修饰，故“研究”可不作为检索词，由此得出如下检索词（按其对课题影响程度排序）：中文关键词为：1 现代建筑 2 结构体系英文关键词为：（1）Model architacture（2）Structure system3、选择检索工具：Elsevier 数据库4、构建检索策略：Model architacture Structure system5、简述检索过程:选定在 Elsevier 中期刊、图书、文摘数据库等全部文献资源中检索1996 年以后的关于现代建筑结构体系研究的相关文献。
利用确定的检索策略（Model architacture Structure system），文献全文（含文献题目、摘要、关键词）中检索，检到 8728 篇相关文献；在文献题目、摘要和关键词中检索，检索到 1212 篇相关文献；在文献关键词中检索到 134 篇相关文献；在文献题目中检索到 178 篇相关文献。
6、整理检索结果：从以上文献中选择出3 条切题文1 Component-based discriminative classification for hidden Markov models Original Research ArticlePattern Recognition, Volume 42, Issue 11, November 2009, Pages 2637-2648Manuele Bicego, Elżbieta Pe¸kalska, David M.J. Tax, Robert P.W. Duin| PDF (316 K)| Related articles| Related reference work articles2 Chapter3 Psychosocial Value of architacture Simulationfor Extended Spaceflight Original Research ArticleAdvances in architacture Biology and Medicine, Volume6, 1997, Pages 81-91Nick Kanas| Related articles | Related reference work articles3 Multidimensional Data Structures: Review and Outlook Original Research Article Advances in Computers, Volume 27, 1988, Pages 69-119S. Sitharama Iyengar, N.S.V. Rao, R.L. Kashyap, V.K. Vaishnavi| Related articles | Related reference work articles6、全文摘录选择一篇：Component-based discriminativeclassification for hidden Markov models一、篇名Component-based discriminative classification forhidden Markov models∙二、著者Manuele Bicego∙三、著者机构Elżbieta Pe¸kalska c,∙David M.J. Tax d,∙Robert P.W. Duin d∙四、文摘Hidden Markov models (HMMs) have been successfully applied to a wide range of sequence modeling problems. In the classification context, one of the simplest approaches is to train a single HMM per class. A test sequence is then assigned to the class whose HMM yields the maximum a posterior (MAP) probability. This generative scenario works well when the models are correctly estimated. However, the results can become poor when improper models are employed, due to the lack of prior knowledge, poor estimates, violated assumptions or insufficient training data.To improve the results in these cases we propose to combine the descriptive strengths of HMMs with discriminative classifiers.This is achieved by training feature-based classifiers in an HMM-induced vector space defined by specific components of individual hidden Markov models.We introduce four major ways of building such vector spaces and study which trained combiners are useful in which context. Moreover, we motivate and discuss the merit of our method in comparison to dynamic kernels, in particular, to the Fisher Kernel approach.∙五、关键词Keywords: Hidden Markov models;∙Discriminative classification;∙Dimensionality reduction;∙Hybrid models;∙Generative embeddings六、正文Component-based discriminative classification for hidden Markov models（首段）The HMMs are fitted to model a single class well, but this may lead to poor discrimination as the models are not optimized to differentiate among the classes. We propose to derive a fixed-dimensional feature space from the trained generative HMMs, in which discriminative classifiers are trained. We call this an HMMVS, equipped with the traditional norm and Euclidean metric. Every feature is extracted from aspecific HMM and conveys information about the corresponding class. In essence, this approach maps variable-length observation sequences into a vector space, and by doing this it integrates the modeling potential of one-class models with discriminative classifiers.HMMVS are based on “Component Information” features, CI s, which describe some relevant information extracted from particular components of the models, in relation to the input sequence O. A CI feature either characterizes some properties of the generation path of the sequence O through the model λc or the strength with which a specific component of λc “responds” to O. More formally, FCI(·,λc):Oc→Rmc is a model-dependent mapping defined by mc components derived from λc. The final HMM-induced vector space is a Cartesian product of all CI-spaces (one for each class)（末段）This application aims at the examination of EEG signals in order to distinguish between alcoholic and control subjects, /databases/eeg. Each subject was exposed to either a single stimulus (S1) or two stimuli (S1 and S2) which were pictures of objects chosen from the 1980s Snodgrass and Vanderwart picture set. When two stimuli were shown, they were presented in either a matched condition whereS1 was identical to S2 or in a non-matched condition where S1 differed from S2. There are three different versions of the data. In our case, we use the Large Data Set, denoted here denote it as Alcoholic data, in which the training and test sets are already pre-defined. The training set contains data for 10 alcoholic and 10 control subjects, with 10 runs per subject per paradigm. This results in 600 training sequences. The test data use the same alcoholic and control subjects, but with 10 out-of-sample runs per subject per paradigm. This results in 600 test sequences.Each data set contains measurements from 64 electrodes placed on the scalp sampled at 256 Hz (3.9-ms epoch) for 1 s. We select the first two channels only, as they permitted an almost perfect discrimination in the case of “small dataset”. All HMMs are trained with the same number of states七、参考文献Referenc1。
常用免费外文全文数据库1.SpringerLINK数据库德国施普林格(Springer-Verlag)是世界上著名的科技出版集团, 通过SpringerLink系统提供其学术期刊及电子图书的在线服务。
2002年7月开始，Springer公司和EBSCO/Metapress 公司在国内开通了SpringerLink服务。
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2.EBSCOhost数据库EBSCO公司通过国际专线提供检索服务，校园网的用户检索、下载无需支付国际网络通信费。
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3.WorldSciNet数据库WorldSciNet为新加坡世界科学出版社(World Scientific Publishing Co.)电子期刊发行网站，该出版社委托EBSCO / MetaPress 公司在清华大学图书馆建立了世界科学出版社全文电子期刊镜像站.4.Ptics ExpressOptics Express由美国光学学会创办，刊登光学技术领域方面的报告和新进展。
提供1997年创刊以来的全部文献，以平均49天一期的速度出版，并支持彩色图像和多媒体文件。
网站地址：/创建者：Optical Society 0f America5.New Journal 0f PhysicsNew Journal 0fPhysics由英国皇家物理学会和德国物理学会出版，提供1998年创刊以来的全部文献。
所有用户可免费获取电子版文章。
网站地址：创建者：Institute of Physics & German Physical Society6.The Journal of Machine Learning ResearchThe Journal of Machine Learning Research由麻省理工学院出版，是机械研究领域的优质学术性论文的平台，用户可下载2000年创刊以来的全部文章。
1.1.1 全文检索系统结构根据全文检索技术和实现方法，结合需求，检索系统由以下三个部分组成：TRS全文数据库系统(TRS Database Server)TRS 全文检索网关(TRS Gateway)TRS信息发布应用服务器系统（TRS WAS）TRS全文数据库系统(TRS Database Server)采用TRS具有国际领先水平的信息检索和中文自然语言处理研究成果，具有傲视群雄的检索效果和查询性能，核心功能是对结构化和非结构化信息提供全文检索功能。
主要特点包括：●异构海量数据统一管理，非结构化和结构化数据联合检索●Native XML内核，实现全息检索●智能辅助检索，支持知识挖掘●精确计算，检索速度和准确性共达最优●动态索引实时更新，面向事务处理●支持Unicode编码，提供多语种查询引擎●多级机制保障，信息采集和检索高度安全●集群检索，保证高可靠性，随需轻松扩展规模TRS全文数据库系统(TRS Database Server)通过TRS全文检索网关，可以实现对关系数据库中文本对象字段的全文检索。
TRS内容分发服务器系统提供将数据库中的信息动态发布到Web服务器上，以为平台用户检索使用。
全文检索系统架构图如下所示：TRS信息发布应用服务器系统全文检索系统架构图1.1.2 全文检索网关TRS 全文检索系统采用开放的三层体系架构设计，整个系统基于主流的操作系统。
数据层主要为关系型数据库和TRS全文数据库，关系型数据库主要进行存储和管理，而全文数据库实现检索，利用TRS Gateway可以将关系型数据库的数据在TRS全文数据库中建立全文索引，以实现结构化和非结构化数据的全文检索。
TRS全文数据库是TRS 公司自主研发的具有知识产权的产品，为了能够更好的提供全文检索和智能检索等应用功能，它其中包括多种词典支持：分词词典、主题词典、停用词典等。
应用层主要依据TRS全文数据库提供的全文检索功能实现平台所需的检索需求，并为表现层提供检索服务。
四）利用英文全文数据库——Elsevier，Springer，EBSCO(BSP/ASP)1、检索课题名称：探析公益广告中的商业元素2、课题分析：中文关键词为：公益广告，商业元素英文关键词为：PSAs Commercial elements Business Elements3、选择检索工具：Elsevier 数据库，Springer数据库，EBSCO(BSP/ASP)数据库。
4、构建检索策略：Commercial elements and the public service ads5、简述检索过程:①，选定在Elsevier 中期刊、图书、文摘数据库等全部文献资源中检索2000 年以后的关于公益广告中的商业元素的文献利用确定的检索策略（Commercial elements and the public service ads），文献全文（含文献题目、摘要、关键词）中检索，检到184 篇相关文献。
②，选定在Springer 中期刊、图书、文摘数据库等全部文献资源中检索2000 年以后的关于公益广告中的商业元素的文献利用确定的检索策略（Commercial elements and the public service ads），文献全文（含文献题目、摘要、关键词）中检索，检到64篇相关文献。
③，选定在EBSCO(BSP/ASP)中期刊、图书、文摘数据库等全部文献资源中检索2000 年以后的关于公益广告中的商业元素的文献利用确定的检索策略（Commercial elements and the public service ads），文献全文（含文献题目、摘要、关键词）中检索，检到381篇相关文献。
6、整理检索结果：从以上文献中选择出3 条切题文献①、Constructing female identities through feminine hygiene TV commercialsM a Milagros Del Saz-Rubio a, , and Barry Pennock-Speck b, [Author vitae]a Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n 46022, Valencia, Spainb Universitat de València, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez 32, 46010, València, Spain Received 9 July 2008;revised 10 January 2009;accepted 18 April 2009.Available online 3 June 2009.In this paper we report the results of a qualitative multimodal analysis of a corpus of Spanish and British TV ads featuring female hygiene products such as tampons, liners and sanitary towels/pads. We contend that advertisers of menstruation-related products employ a wide range of strategies to convey both overt information about the products advertised, as well as to –and more importantly –indirectly transmit stereotypical beliefs of women which inevitably helps reproduce and sometimes perpetuate a gender-biased type of discourse (Holmes and Marra, 2005). Crook's (2004) distinction between the product-claim and the reward dimension in ads has been taken as the starting point for our analysis. Within the product-claim dimension we have focused on what information is transmitted through the application of some of Brown and Levinson's (1987) generic positive and off-record politeness strategies. On the other hand, within the reward dimension attention is shifted to how information surfaces the language in an indirect fashion through attention to different format types, visual imagery, voices and music. Results indicate that ads either tendto focus on the product, its advantages and practicality as the solution to women's worries during menstruation, something that brings the negative aspects of this biological activity to prominence; whereas a second group of ads is constructed as a celebration of womanhood and the creation of a certain female identity whereby women are endowed with their ability to break with old myths and taboos. Keywords: TV commercials; Multimodality; Positive politeness; Off-record politeness; Product-claim dimension; Reward dimensionCorresponding author at: Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Dpto de Lingüística Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain. Tel.: +34 96 3877531; fax: +34 96 3877539.VitaeM a Milagros del Saz Rubio is a lecturer in English language and discourse analysis at the Universidad Politécnica of Valencia. Her principal research interests are in the fields of pragmatics and discourse analysis where she has published a book on reformulation markers. Her current interests lie in the study of the genre of TV advertising from a multimodal perspective.Barry Pennock-Speck is a lecturer in English language and linguistics at the Universitat de València, Spain. His main research interests centre on discourse analysis and phonology, especially contrastive phonology. Recently he has been carrying out research on the paralinguistic functions of voice in the media.②，Accounting as the Documentary Proof of Good Corporate Governance AbstractAccording to Friedrich Carl von Savigny, the corporation is a mere fiction of law.1 As a separate legal person the corporation (company) is ‗invisible, intangible, and existing only in contemplation of law‘ (John C. Marshall).2That is the case worldwide. No one ever has seen, for example, the ‗DaimlerChrysler AG‘, the ‗BHP Billiton Corp.‘ or the ‗Vodafone plc‘. Thus, corporate governance and the law associated with corporate gov ernance deal with an ‗artificial being‘. So, how can we deal with something ‗invisible‘?For the reader‘s convenience, we have included English translations of some of the European provisions —see Appendix, ―English Translations of Some European Provisio ns‖ for Purposes of Chapter 7‖ at 257–273.Fulltext Preview③，What are the search elements I can use to obtain additional results when using widgets?Use any of the following search elements to obtain additional widget results on the result list or detailed record:ep.Search Term —(search term)ep.author —(author)ep.ISBN —(International Standard Book number)ep.OCLC —(Online Com...Read MoreLast Updated: December 2010 | Document Type: FAQ7、全文摘录一、篇名①Constructing female identities through feminine hygiene TV commercials②Accounting as the Documentary Proof of Good Corporate Governance③CHAPTER 10 - Managing Sales: An Insider's View二、著者：①M a Milagros Del Saz-Rubio a②Claus Luttermann③Huang, Jiun-Long1 jlhuang@.twHuang, Jen-He1 jenho@.tw.三、著者机构①Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n 46022, Valencia, Spainb Universitat de València, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez 32, 46010, València, Spain Received 9 July 2008;revised 10 January 2009;accepted 18 April 2009.Available online 3 June 2009.②Springer Berlin Heidelberg③General Manager for KVBC TV 3—Las Vegas, Nevada四、文摘Abstract①，In this paper we report the results of a qualitative multimodal analysis of a corpus of Spanish and British TV ads featuring female hygiene products such as tampons, liners and sanitary towels/pads. We contend that advertisers of menstruation-related products employ a wide range of strategies to convey both overt information about the products advertised, as well as to –and more importantly –indirectly transmit stereotypical beliefs of women which inevitably helps reproduce and sometimes perpetuate a gender-biased type of discourse (Holmes and Marra, 2005). Crook's (2004) distinction between the product-claim and the reward dimension in ads has been taken as the starting point for our analysis. Within the product-claim dimension we have focused on what information is transmitted through the application of some of Brown and Levinson's (1987) generic positive and off-record politeness strategies. On the other hand, within the reward dimension attention is shifted to how information surfaces the language in an indirect fashion through attention to different format types, visual imagery, voices and music. Results indicate that ads either tend to focus on the product, its advantages and practicality as the solution to women's worries during menstruation, something that brings the negative aspects of this biological activity to prominence; whereas a second group of ads is constructed as a celebration of womanhood and the creation of a certain female identity whereby women are endowed with their ability to break with old myths and taboos.②According to Friedrich Carl von Savigny, the corporation is a mere fiction of law.1 As a separate legal person the corporation (company) is ‗invisi ble, intangible, and existing only in contemplation of law‘ (John C. Marshall).2That is the case worldwide. No one ever has seen, for example, the ‗DaimlerChrysler AG‘, the ‗BHPBilliton Corp.‘ or the ‗Vodafone plc‘. Thus, corporate governance and the law associated with corporate governance deal with an ‗artificial being‘. So, how can we deal with something ‗invisible‘?For the reader‘s convenience, we have included English translations of some of the European provisions —see Appendix, ―English Translat ions of Some European Provisions‖ for Purposes of Chapter 7‖ at 257–273.Fulltext Preview③，It is difficult to produce a television documentary that is both incisive and probing when every twelve minutes one is interrupted by twelve dancing rabbits singing about toilet paper.Rod Serling五、关键词Keywords ：①，Constructing female TV ads advantages and practicality②，Law Commercial Law International, Foreign and Comparative LawManagement③，Data broadcast Dependent data Mobile computing Ordered queries.六、正文Introduction①.（首段）In this paper we report the results of a qualitative multimodal analysis of a corpus of Spanish and British TV ads featuring female hygiene products such as tampons, liners and sanitary towels/pads. We contend that advertisers of menstruation-related products employ a wide range of strategies to convey both overt information about the products advertised, (末段）On the other hand, within the reward dimension attention is shifted to how information surfaces the language in an indirect fashion through attention to different format types, visual imagery, voices and music. Results indicate that ads either tend to focus on the product, its advantages and practicality as the solution to women's worries during menstruation, something that brings the negative aspects of this biological activity to prominence; whereas a second group of ads is constructed as a celebration of womanhood and the creation of a certain female identity whereby women are endowed with their ability to break with old myths and taboos.②，首段An ever growing body of literature has discussed various aspects of the entry of ten new Member States into the European Union (EU) as of May 1, 2004. Eight out often new members are situated in continental Eastern Europe, which is where we find two more candidates for EU membership willing to enter as of January 1, 2007. Both Romania and Bulgaria are trying to meet the various requirements of EU membership with great efforts. Scholars in the fields of economics and business administration have begun to analyse the emerging markets in Eastern Europe very early on. Their focus lies on broader macroeconomic analyses and on strategic management issues. With few exceptions, the dynamic legal framework of business activity in Eastern Europe in general and that of financial accounting in particular have been neglected in the literary discussion so far.末段The authors are grateful for the help of Ms Dipl.-Kffr. Corinna Boecker and MsDipl.-Kffr. Ulrike Dürr. This paper has benefited from discussions with them and their comments on an earlier draft. We would also like to thank Ms Anna Wojtowicz, National Bank of Poland, Warsaw, for her research efforts and many helpful comments.③，首段：In attempting to understand socially significant political issues and problems, political scientists and other policymakers have made heavy use of psychological models of the citizen. Instead of drawing such models from psychology, however, their efforts have utilized the psychological models of the citizen suggested by economic theory. As a result, the potential effects of citizens' concerns with distributive and procedural fairness—factors typically excluded from economic theories—have been ignored in studying the political evaluations and behaviors of citizens. This article has two goals (a) to show that political evaluations and behaviors are influenced by justice-based concerns and (b) to indicate how that finding suggests a need to broaden our image of the psychology of the citizen to include the influence of citizens' concerns about fairness.末段：This study examines the effect of positive and negative affirmative disclosures on the evaluation of the lawyer in a print ad for legal services.The results indicate a positivity bias for ability-related judgments when positively stated disclosures are presented, and a negativity bias for ethics related judgments when negatively stated disclosures are presented. These results are discussed for both the practical implications on affirmative disclosures and the public policy implications of mandated disclosures in advertising of legal services七、参考文献References①，Woodland et al., 1998. P.C. Woodland, T. Hain, S.E. Johnson, T.R. Niesler, A. Tuerk, E.W.D. Whittaker and S.J. Young , The 1997 HTK broadcast news transcription system. In: Proc. 1998 DARPA Broadcast News Transcription and Understanding Workshop, Lansdowne (1998), pp. 41–48.Wegmann et al., 1998. S. Wegmann, F. Scattone, I. Carp, L. Gillick, R. Roth and J. Yamron , Dragon Systems 1997 broadcast news transcription system. In: Proc. 1998 DARPA Broadcast News Transcription and Understanding Workshop, Lansdowne (1998), pp. 60–65.Hain et al., 1999. T. Hain, P.C. Woodland, T.R. Niesler and E.W.D. Whittaker , The 1998 HTK system for transcription of conversational telephone speech. In: Proc. ICASSP 99, Phoenix (1999), pp. 57–60②、Business Administration, in particular Organisation, Human Resource Management and Information Management at Saarland University Germany Institute of Management Competence of the Europa-Institut at Saarland University Germany Business Administration, in particular Foreign Trade and International Management at Saarland University GermanyInstitute for Commerce & International Marketing of the Europa-Institut at Saarland University Germany③、• A New Approach to Selling Media• Generating New Business• Cold Calls • Prospecting • The 1st Appointment• Making a Good First Impression• Establishing Rapport• Customer Needs Analysis• Presenting Information on the Media Company• Setting the Second Appointment• The Final Step• Preparing for the Closing Call。
