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can’t help后接不定式或动名词含
义不同
• can’t help 后接不定式时,意思是“不能帮忙做某事”; 接动名词作宾语时,意思是“禁不住做某事,情不自禁做 某事”。如:I’m very busy now, so I can’t help (to) clean the room. 我现在很忙,因此不能帮助打扫房间。The girl couldn’t help crying when she saw her mother again. 当 小女孩再次看到母亲时,她情不自禁地哭了起来。说明: 以下两个动词后接不定式或动名词(不一定是用作宾语)意 思也不同:go on to do sth (做完某事后)继续做另一事) (不定式作状语)go on doing 继续做一直在做的事 (动名词 作状语)stop to do sth 停下正在做的事以便去做另一事 (不 定式作状语)stop doing sths) 停做正在做的事 (动名词作 宾语)
try后接不定式或动名词含义不同
• try 接不定式作宾语时,表示一种决心,意 思是“设法做,尽力做”;接动名词作宾 语时,表示尝试,意思是“试着做”。如: I’ll try to catch up with my class. 我将尽力 赶上同学们。I tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. 我试着不 查词典来阅读课文。
(5) can’t help后接动名词表示禁不住做某事,接不定式表示 不能帮助做某事。如:mes New Roman'">后接动名词表
示禁不住做某事,接不定式表示不能帮助做某事。如: He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news. 他听到 这个消息时禁不住哭了。The medicine can’t help to get rid of your cold. 这药不能帮你治好感冒。注:go on to do sth 和go on doing sth 也有类似差别:前者表示做完某事 后接着做另一事,后者表示继续做正在做的事。如:You oughtn’t to go on living this way. 你不应该再这样生活下 去了。(go on 后接doing通常被认为是现在分词而不是动 名词)
二、作宾语
We appreciate your offering to help. We must avoid making such mistakes again.
只用 v-ing做宾语的动词
admit, advise, keep, pardon, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, risk, can't help,
arrange, attempt(试图), choose, happen, plan, want, seem, prove(证明)
动名词和不定式作宾语的差异
• 1) 有些动词可带动名词, 也可带 to do 作宾语, 差异不大。一般说来,作宾语的动名词更重一般 情况,不定式则强调具体情况。
如 : prefer, learn, continue等。
He is busy (in) preparing a report.
They spent a lot of time (in) making preparations.
We had great difficulty (in) finding his house.
I am having great trouble catching up with him in English. • 常可以省略介词的惯用法
I like reading novels but I don't like to read this novel. I like swimming ---- I like to (go to) swim today. • 2)有些动词后加不定式和动名词意思有差别
如:remember, forget, try, go on, regret, mean, want, need, require等。
need, require, want, deserve后
接不定式或动名词语态不同
• need, require, want, deserve 等表示“需要”的 动词后另一动词作宾语时,该动词用不定式或动 名词均可,但是其语态不同,即动名词用主动形 式表示被动意义,而不定式则用被动形式表示被 动意义。如:The flowers need watering every day. = The flowers need to be watered every day. 花儿需要每天浇水。注意:若 need, require, want后接动词为句子主语所发出的动作,则只能 用不定式,不能用动名词。如:I need to water the flowers every day. 我需要每天给花浇水。
(3) mean 后接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事,接动 名词表示意味着(做某事,接动名词表示意味着要) 做某事。如:He did not mean to hurt you. 他不 是有意要伤害你。This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。
不定式做宾语
• I want to do it myself.
• 只用不定式做宾语的有:
• refuse, promise, pretend, wish, hope, agree, ask, decide, expect, manage, offer, appear, beg, fail, prepare, aim,
have a good time doing, have a hard time doing, have trouble doing, have difficulty doing, have fun doing, be busy doing, spend time doing…
动词不定式作主语
表示具体的特定情景下或有待于完成的动 作通常用不定式Leabharlann 只能后接不定式的动词和短语
• 2)It作形式主语 It is no use/good/a waste of time +v-ing It is no use quarreling with her. It is no good reading such kinds of books.
3)There is no+v-ing There is no joking about this matter. There is no telling where he has gone.
forget, remember, regret 后接不
定式或动名词含义不同后接不定式
或动名词含义不同
• 动词 forget, remember, regret 等接不定式时,表示非谓 语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之后;接动名词作宾 语时,表示非谓语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之前。 如:I forgot to tell you about it. 我忘记告诉你那件事了。I remembered giving the book to Li Lei, but he said I didn’t. 我记得我把书给李蕾了,但是他说我没有给。此外,动词 forget, remember, regret 等接动名词、接动名词的完成式 或不定式的完成式作宾语时,意义相同。如:I regretted
feel like, give up, object to (反对), oppose, put off(推迟), get/be used to, be
fond of, look forward to, concentrate on, put off, prevent…from...
• 某些习惯用法中常省掉介词
• To finish reading such a long novel will take me several days.
• Swimming is good for health, but to swim in such a polluted river is harmful to health.
不定式与动名词
一、作主语
• 1)基本用法:动词-ing做主语通常表示事物化、 抽象化的概念,而且谓语动词一律用单数) Seeing is believing. Listening to music is one of my hobbies. Studying abroad has many advantages.
(4) stop 后接动名词表示停止做某事,接不定式表 示停下正在做的事去做另一事。如:He stopped
speaking, and there was not a sound in the room. 他停止讲话,房里一点声音也没有了。He
stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他停下来听,但再也没有听到什么声音。(stop后 接的不定式不是宾语,而是目的状语)
(2) try 后接不定式表示设法做某事,接动名词表示做某事试 试(看有什么效果)。如:I’ll try to come tomorrow. 我明天 设法来。Let’s try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲敲后 门试试。
大家有疑问的,可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下,但要小声点
to have broken the rules of our class. = I regretted having broken the rules of our class. 我后悔违反了班规。