2018届高三英语话题阅读话题《热门话题》学案含答案

话题天气WeatherClass：Name：Group：No：Learning Objectives：1.Review the important words and expressions in the reading material:2. Learn the reading skills: scanning and skimmingLearning Key Points：1.Grasp the important words and expressions in the reading material2.Master the reading skills: scanning and skimmingLearning Difficult Points：Improve the reading abilityLearning Procedures：I.【Pre-class homework】Read the passage and choose the best an swer(1)S c i e n t i s t s t o d a y a r e m a k i n g g r e a t e r e f f o r t t o s t u d y o c e a n c u r r e n t s (洋流).M o s t d o i t u s i n g s a t e l l i t e s a n d o t h e r h i g h-t e c h e q u i p m e n t.H o w e v e r,o c e a n e x p e r t C u r t i s E b b e s m e y e r d o e s i t i n a s p e c i a l w a y—b y s t u d y i n g m o v e m e n t s o f r a n d o m f l o a t i n g g a r b a g e. A s c i e n t i s t w i t h m a n y y e a r s’ e x p e r i e n c e,h e s t a r t e d t h i s t y p e o f r e s e a r c h i n t h e e a r l y1990s w h e n h e h e a r d a b o u t h u n d r e d s o f a t h l e t i c s h o e s w a s h i n g u p o n t h e s h o r e s o f t h e n o r t h w e s t c o a s t o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s.T h e r e w e r e s o m a n y s h o e s t h a t p e o p l e w e r e s e t t i n g u p s w a p m e e t s t o t r y a n d m a t c h l e f t a n d r i g h t s h o e s t o s e l l o r w e a r.E b b e s m e y e r f o u n d o u t i n h i s r e s e a r c h e s t h a t t h e s h o e s—a b o u t 60,000 i n t o t a l— f e l l i n t o t h e o c e a n i n a s h i p p i n g ac c i d e n t. H e p h o n e d t h e s h o e c o m p a n y a n d a s k e d i f t h e y w a n t e d t h e s h o e s b a c k.A s e x p e c t e d,t h e c o m p a n y t o l d h i m t h a t t h e y d i d n’t. E b b e s m e y e r r e a l i z e d t h i s c o u l d b e a g r e a t e x p e r i m e n t. I f h e l e a r n e d w h e n a n d w h e r e t h e s h o e s w e n t i n t o t h e w a t e r a n d t r a c k e d w h e r e t h e y l a n d e d,h e c o u l d l e a r n a l o t a b o u t t h ep a t t e r n s o f o c e a n c u r r e n t s.T h e P a c i f i c N o r t h w e s t i s o n e o f t h e w o r l d’s b e s t a r e a s f o r b e a c h c o m b i n g (海滩搜寻) b e c a u s e w i n d s a n d c u r r e n t s j o i n h e r e, a n d a s a r e s u l t, t h e r e i s a g r o u p o f s e r i o u s b e a c h c o m b e r s i n t h e a r e a. E b b e s m e y e r g o t t o k n o w a l o t o f t h e m a n d a s k e d f o r t h e i r h e l p i n c o l l e c t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t w h e r e t h e s h o e s l a n d e d. I n a y e a r h e c o l l e c t e d r e l i a b l e i n f o r m a t i o n o n 1, 600 s h o e s. W i t h t h i s d a t a, h e a n d a c o l l e a g u e w e r e a b l e t o t e s t a n d i m p r o v e a c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m d e s i g n e d t o m o d e l o c e a n c u r r e n t s,a n d p u b l i s h t h e f i n d i n g s o f t h e i r s t u d y.A s t h e r e s u l t o f h i s w o r k,E b b e s m e y e r h a s b e c o m e k n o w n a s t h e s c i e n t i s t t o c a l l w i t h q u e s t i o n s a b o u t a n y u n u s u a l o b j e c t s f o u n d f l o a t i n g i n t h e o c e a n.H e h a s e v e n s t a r t e d a n a s s o c i a t i o n o f b e a c h c o m b e r s a n d o c e a n e x p e r t s,w i t h500s u b s c r i b e r s f r o m We s t A f r i c a t o N e w Z e a l a n d. T h e y h a v e r e c o r d e d a l l l o s t o b j e c t s r a n g i n g f r o m p o t a t o e s t o g o l f g l o v e s.（N M E T2014广东）41.T h e u n d e r l i n e d p h r a s e s w a p m e e t s i n P a r a g r a p h1i s c l o s e s t i nm e a n i n g t o _________.A.f i t t i n g r o o m sB.t r a d i n g f a i r sC.b u s i n e s s t a l k sD.g r o u p m e e t i n g s42.E b b e s m e y e r p h o n e d t h e s h o e c o m p a n y t o f i n d o u t_________.A.w h a t c a u s e d t h e s h i p p i n g a c c i d e n tB.w h e n a n d w h e r e t h e s h o e s w e n t m i s s i n gC.w h e t h e r i t w a s a l l r i g h t t o u s e t h e i r s h o e sD.h o w m u c h t h e y l o s t i n t h e s h i p p i n g a c c i d e n t43.H o w d i d E b b e s m e y e r p r o v e h i s a s s u m p t i o n?A.B y c o l l e c t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m b e a c h c o m b e r s.B.B y s t u d y i n g t h e s h o e s f o u n d b y b e a c h c o m b e r s.C.B y s e a r c h i n g t h e w e b f o r o c e a n c u r r e n t s m o d e l s.D.B y r e s e a r c h i n g o c e a n c u r r e n t s d a t a i n t h e l i b r a r y.44.E b b e s m e y e r i s m o s t f a m o u s f o r_________.A.t r a v e l i n g w i d e l y t h e c o a s t a l c i t i e s o f t h e w o r l dB.m a k i n g r e c o r d s f o r a n y l o s t o b j e c t s o n t h e s e aC.r u n n i n g a g l o b a l c u r r e n t s r e s e a r c h a s s o c i a t i o nD.p h o n i n g a b o u t a n y d o u b t f u l o b j e c t s o n t h e s e a45.W h a t i s t h e p u r p o s e o f t h e a u t h o r i n w r i t i n g t h i s p a s s a g e?A.To c a l l p e o p l e’s a t t e n t i o n t o o c e a n p o l l u t i o n.B.To w a r n p e o p l e o f s h i p p i n g s a f e t y i n t h e o c e a n.C.To e x p l a i n a u n i q u e w a y o f s t u d y i n g o c e a n c u r r e n t s.D.To g i v e t i p s o n h o w t o s e a r c h f o r l o s t o b j e c t s o n t h e b e a c h.(2)Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. T his can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you're cold e nough to go inside, they probably are too. I you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pet's water. Sometimes owners don't realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can't get anything to drink. Animals that don't have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them. （NMET 2012全国II）41. What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?A. They are often forgotten by their owners.B. They are used to living outdoors.C. They build their own shelter.D. They like to stay in warm places.42. Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?A. To know when to bring them inside.B. To keep them from eating bad food.C. To help them find shelters.D. To keep them company.43. If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may ________.A. run short of clean waterB. dig deep holes for funC. dirty the snow nearbyD. get lost in the wild44. What is the purpose of this text?A. To solve a problem.B. To give practical advice.C. To tell an interesting story.D. To present a research result.II.【While-class】Step1. Lead-inStep2. Group discussion and presentationStep3．Consolidation: Read the following passage and choose the best answer(1)El Nifio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman sho noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in th e western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio, on balance, than they lo se. A study found that astrong Nifio in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fa ll in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱）in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施）can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine aft er floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr. Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepar e for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority. (NMET 2016江苏)61. What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?A. It is named after a South American fisherman.B. It takes place almost every year all over the world.C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.62. What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected?A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B. Droughts become more harmful than floods.C. Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losse s.D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.63. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest thatA. more investment should go to risk reductionB. governments of poor countries need more aidC. victims of El Nino deserve more compe nsationD. recovery and reconstruction should come first64. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To introduce El Nino and its origin.B. To explain the consequences of El Nino.C. To show ways of fighting against El Nino.D. To urge people to prepare for El Nino.Step4．PresentationStep5．SummaryIII.【Post-class】Self- reflectionKeys:Suggested Answers:I. Pre-class homework41. B 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. C 41-44DAABII. While-class （课堂教学流程）61.D 62.C 63.A 64.D。

Topic Languge LearningReadingClass：Name：Group：No：Learning Objectives：1.Review the important words and expressions in the reading material:2. Learn the reading skills: scanning and skimmingLearning Key Points：1.Grasp the important words and expressions in the reading material2.Master the reading skills: scanning and skimmingLearning Difficult Points：Improve the reading abilityLearning Procedures：I.【Pre-class homework】Read the passage and choose the best answer(1)One of the latest trend（趋势）in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004. And tha t’s true all across the country.“I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of a company, says of his 2-year old son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in th e future,” After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had anoth er reason for looking for an au pair from China. She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots.” Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture（文化）.” she says.“Staying with a native spe aker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language- 1 -education of Children.” But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands contin ued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.（NMET 2014 大纲）64. What does that term” au pair” in the text mean?A. A mother raising her children on her ownB. A young foreign woman taking care of children.C. A professor in language education of chil drenD. A child learning a foreign language at home65. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ______.A. to live in ChinaB. to speak the language at homeC. to catch up with other childrenD. to learn about the Chinese cul ture66. How can children learn a foreign language best according to Flynn?A. From their parents.B. By attending classes.C. From a native speaker.D. By starting at an early age.67. What can we infer from the text?A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular In America,B. Educated woman do better in looking after childrenC. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.(2)As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, acco rding to the United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations _UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying l anguages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India , Nepal, Bhutan, and China . But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wea lth of important materials-including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.- 3 -Now, through the two organizations that he has founded –the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project __Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, for the world available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities. （NMET 2014 新课标1）32. Many scholars are making efforts to ______.A. promote global languagesB. rescue disappearing languagesC. search for language communitiesD. set up language research organizations.33. What does “that tradition’ in Paragraph 3 refer to ?A. Having full records of the languagesB. Writing books on language teaching.C. Telling stories about language usersD. Living with the native speaker.34. What is Turin’s book based on?A. The cultural studiesB. The documents available at Yale.C. His language research in Bhutan.D. His personal experience in Nepal.35. Which of the f ollowing best describe Turin’s work?A. Write, sell and donate.B. Record, repair and reward.C. Collect, protect and reconnect.D. Design, experiment and report.II.【While-class】Step1. Lead-inStep2. Group discussion and presentationStep3．Consolidation: Read the following passage and choose the best answer(1)I am a writer. I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language — the way it can evoke（唤起）an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth. Language is the tool of my trade. And I use them all — all the Englishes I grew up with.Born into a Chinese family that had recently arrived in California, I’ve been giving more thought to the kind of English my mother speaks. Like others, I have described it to people as “broken” English. But feel embarrassed to say that. It has always bothered me that I can think of no way to describe it other than “broken”, as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed, as if it lacked certai n wholeness. I’ve heard other terms used, “limited English,” for example. But they seem just as bad, as if everything is limited, including people’s perceptions（认识）of the limited English speaker.I know this for a fact, because when I was growing up, m y mother’s “limited” English limited my perception of her. I was ashamed of her English. I believed that her English reflected the quality of what- 5 -she had to say. That is, because she expressed them imperfectly her thoughts were imperfect. And I had plenty of evidence to support me: the fact that people in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.I started writing fiction in 1985. And for reasons I won’t get into today, I began to write stories using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English she used with me, which for lack of a better term might be described as “broken”, and what I imagine to be her translatio n of her Chinese, her internal（内在的）language, and for that I sought to preserve the essence, but neither an English nor a Chinese structure: I wanted to catch what language ability tests can never show; her intention, her feelings, the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts. （NMET 2009天津B篇）41. By saying “Language is the tool of my trade”, the author means that______.A. she uses English in foreign tradeB. she is fascinated by languagesC. she works as a translatorD. she is a writer by profession42. The author used to think of her mother’s English as ______.A. impoliteB. amusingC. imperfectD. practical43. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A. Americans do not understand broken English.B. The author’s mother was not respected sometimes.C. The author’ mother had positive influence on her.D. Broken English always reflects imperfect thoughts.44. The author gradually realizes her mother’s English is _____.A. well structuredB. in the old styleC. easy to translateD. rich in meaning45. What is the passage mainly about?A. The changes of the author’s attitude to h er mother’s English.B. The limitation of the author’s perception of her mother.C. The author’s misunderstanding of “limited” English.D. The author’s experiences of using broken English.(2)How words came into being is unknown. All we assume is that some early men invented certain sounds, in one way or another, to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could talk with each other. Later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, whi ch could be put together to show those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, are called words.The power of words, then, lies in their associations-the things they bring up to our minds. Words become f illed with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words bring back to us the happy and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings. This clever use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can express his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use then correctly, or they will make our speech silly and common. (NMET 2010 全国)58. We learn from the text that language might have begun- 7 -with_______.A. expressionsB. actionsC. signsD. sounds59. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?A. The learning of new words.B. The importance of old words.C. The relation of human experience with words.D. The gradual change and development of words.60. In the last paragraph, what does the author suggest that we should do?A. Use words skillfullyB. Make musical speechesC. Learn poems by heartD. Associate with listenersStep4．PresentationStep5．SummaryIII.【Post-class】Self- reflectionKeys:Suggested Answers:I. Pre-class homework64．B 65．D 66．C 67．A32-35: BADCII. While-class （课堂教学流程）DCBDA58. D 59. C 60. A。

话题节假日活动Festivals, holidays and celebrationsClass：Name：Group：No：Learning Objectives：1.Review the important words and expressions in the readin g material:2. Learn the reading skills: scanning and skimmingLearning Key Points：1.Grasp the important words and expressions in the reading material2.Master the reading skills: scanning and skimmingLearning Difficult Points：Improve the reading abilityLearning Procedures：I.【Pre-class homework】Read the passage and choose the best answer(1)What makes a gift special? Is it the price you see on the gift receipt? Or is it the look on the recipient's face when they receive it that determines the true value? What gift is worth the most?This Christmas I was debating what to give my father. My dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything. I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him when I came across a message on my phone that I had locked. The message was from my father. My eyes fell on a photo of a flower taken in Wyoming and underneath a poem by William Blake. The flower, a lone dandelion standing against the bright blue sky, inspired me. My dad had been reciting those words to me since I was a kid. That may e ven be the reason why I love writing. I decided that those words would be my gift to my father.I called back. I told my mom to go without me and that I already created my gift. I sent the photo of the cream-colored flower to my computer and typed the poem on top of it. As I was arranging the details another poem came to mind. The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe; my dad recited it as much as he did the other. I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it. The poem was focused around dreaming, and after searching I found the perfect第 - 1 - 页picture. The image was painted with blues and greens and purples, twisting together to create the theme and wonder of a dream. As I watched both poems passing through the printer, the white p aper coloring with words that shaped my childhood. I felt that this was a gift that my father would truly appreciate.Christmas soon arrived. The minute I saw the look on my dad's face as he unwrapped those swirling black letters carefully placed in a chea p frame, I knew I had given the perfect gift.（NMET 2019 湖南）56. The idea for a special gift began to form when the author was______.A. doing shoppingB. having a debateC. reading a messageD. leaving for Wyoming57. The author's inspiration for t he gift came from_____.A. a photo of a flowerB. a story about a kidC. a call from the motherD. a text about Christmas58. The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refers to a poem by_____.A. the fatherB. the authorC. William BlakeD. Edgar Allan Poe59. The author made the gift by____.A. searching for the poems onlineB. drawing the background by handC. painting the letters in three colorsD. matching the words with pictures60. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To show how to design images for gifts.B. To suggest making gifts from one's heart.C. To explain how computers help create gifts.D. To describe the gifts the author has received(2)Easter (复活节) is still a great day for worship, candy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs, but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The culprit is climate change, and some researchers found that risi ng temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US,Take the Lower Keys Marsh rabbit, for instance. An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys, this species of cottontail is a great swimmer -- it lives on the islands! -- but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising sea levels. According to the Center for Biological Diversity, an ocean level rise of only 0.6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would wipe out their habitat (栖息地) completely.The snowshoe hare, on the other hand, has a color issue. Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover from pred ators (捕食者). As the number of days with snow decreases all across the country, however, more and more bunnies are being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring, making them an easier mark for predators. Researchers know that the co lor change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight, but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question. The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.American pikas or rock rabbits, a relative of rabbits and hares, might be the first of these species to go extinct due to climate change. About 7-8 inches long, pikas live high in the cool, damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains. As global temperatures rise, they would naturally migrate (迁移) to higher ground -- but they already occupy the mountaintops. They can’t go any higher. The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat h eats up.The volcano rabbit has the same problem. These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico, and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters, but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher, so they are stuck in the middle. Scientists are concerned about their populations.Native to the US, pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West. They are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the wor ld. Their habitats have been destroyed by development. Several populations, such as the Columbia Basin pygmy, almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs. Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the第 - 3 - 页snow to escape predators, but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed.All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter. （NMET 2019 浙江）41. The writer mentions Easter at the beginning of the passage in order to.A. show the importance of Easter DayB. introduce the issue about bunniesC. remind people of Easter traditionsD. discuss the relationship between Easter and bunnies42. The word “culprit” (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to_________.A. criminalB. judgeC. victimD. producer43. According to the passage, some rabbits can now be easily discovered by predators because they_________.A. are exposed to more skillful huntersB. have moved to habitats with fewer plantsC. haven’t adapted themselves t o climate changeD. can’t change their fur color into white in the fall and the spring44. The problem faced by volcano rabbits and rock rabbits is that ________.A. both are affected by less snowB. both are affected by rising sealevelsC. neither can find enough foodD. neither can migrate to higherplaces45. Which best describes the writer’s tone in the passage?A. Approving.B. Concerned.C. Enthusiastic.D. Doubtful.II.【While-class】Step1. Lead-inStep2. Group discussion and presentationStep3．Consolidation: Read the following passage and choose the best answer(1)In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music, dance andtheatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.At the same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival. Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Camb ridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.Today the “Fringe”, once less recognized, has far outgrown the fe stival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959, with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2019 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 di fferent countries. More than 1.25 million tickets were sold. (NMET 2019新课标II)40. Point was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?A. To bring Europe together again.B. To honor heroes of World War II.C. To introduce young theatre groups.D. To attract great artists from Europe.41. Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?A. They owned a public house there.B. They came to take up a challenge.C. They thought they were also famous.D. They wanted to take part in the festival.42. Who joined the "Fringe" after it appear ed?A. Popular writers.B. University students.C. Artists from around the world.D. Performers of music and dance.第 - 5 - 页43. We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival ________.A. has become a non-official eventB. has gone beyond an art festivalC. gives shows all year roundD. keeps growing rapidly(2)If you are a fruit grower —or would like to become one —take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s stil l worth a try, as is the knobbly (多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, child ren are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the Nati onal Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent. (NMET 2019 全国III)8. What can people do at the apple events?A. Attend experts’ lectures.B. Visit fruit-loving families.C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D. Taste many kinds of apples.9. What can we learn about Decio?A. It is a new variety.B. It has a strange look.C. It is rarely seen now.D. It has a special taste.10. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. A practical idea.B. A vain hope.C. A brilliant plan.D. A selfish desire.11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To show how to grow apples.B. To introduce an apple festival.C. To help people select apples.D. To promote apple research.Step4．PresentationStep5．SummaryIII.【Post-class】Self- reflectionKeys:Suggested Answers:I. Pre-class homework56-60 CADDB41-45 BACDBII. While-class （课堂教学流程）ADBD8. D 9. C 10. B 11. B第 - 7 - 页。

Weather天气话题Group ：No：Class：Name：Learning Objectives：1.Review the important words and expressions in the reading material: 2. Learn the reading skills: scanning and skimming：LearningKey Points Grasp the important words and expressions in the reading material1. Master the reading skills: scanning and skimming2.Learning Difficult Points：Improve the reading abilityLearning Procedures：I.【Pre-class homework】Assessment:Read the passage and choose the best answer(1)Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents(洋流) . Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment.However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way—bystudying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with manyyears' experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990swhen he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shoresof the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoesthat people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and rightshoes to sell or wear.Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes—about 60,000in total—fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoecompany and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, thecompany told him that they didn't. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be agreat experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into thewater and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the页 - 1 - 第patterns of ocean currents.The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas forbeachcombing (海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here, and as aresult, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Ebbesmeyergot to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collectinginformation about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliableinformation on 1, 600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were ableto test and improve a computer program designed to model oceancurrents, and publish the findings of their study.As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as thescientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floatingin the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers andocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand.They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.（NMET 2019 广东）41. The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest inmeaning to _________.A. fitting roomsB. trading fairsC. business talksD. group meetings42. Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out _________.A. what caused the shipping accidentB. when and where the shoes went missingC. whether it was all right to use their shoesD. how much they lost in the shipping accident43. How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption?s.rebmochcaeb morf noitamrofni gnitcelloc yB A.B. By studying the shoes found by beachcombers.C. By searching the web for ocean currents models.D. By researching ocean currents data in the library.44. Ebbesmeyer is most famous for _________.A. traveling widely the coastal cities of the worldB. making records for any lost objects on the seaC. running a global currents research associationD. phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea45. What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?A. To call people's attention to ocean pollution.B. To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.C. To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.D. To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.(2)Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe. Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you're cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. I you must leave them outside for a long time, makesure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closelywhen they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keepan eye on your pet's water. Sometimes owners don't realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can't get anything to drink. Animals that don't have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them. （NMET 2019全国II）页 - 3 - 第41. What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?A. They are often forgotten by their owners.B. They are used to living outdoors.C. They build their own shelter.D. They like to stay in warm places.42. Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?A. To know when to bring them inside.B. To keep them from eating bad food.C. To help them find shelters.D. To keep them company.43. If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may ________.A. run short of clean waterB. dig deep holes for funC. dirty the snow nearbyD. get lost in the wild44. What is the purpose of this text?A. To solve a problem.B. To give practical advice.C. To tell an interesting story.D. To present a research result.II.【While-class】Assessment:Step1. Lead-inStep2. Group discussion and presentationStep3．Consolidation: Read the following passage and choosethe best answer(1)El Nifio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman sho noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes theother way round.The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countriesgain more from powerful Nifio, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a partlybillion, 15 by grow economy American's helped 2019 in Nifio strongbecause of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱）in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about byEl Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nino, in 2019-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施）can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed byan outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2019 by Mr. Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino's harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority. (NMET 2019江苏)61. What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?A. It is named after a South American fisherman.B. It takes place almost every year all over the world.C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.62. What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected?A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.页 - 5 - 第B. Droughts become more harmful than floods.C. Rich countries' gains are greater than their losses.D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.63. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest thatA. more investment should go to risk reductionB. governments of poor countries need more aidC. victims of El Nino deserve more compensationD. recovery and reconstruction should come first64. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?To introduce El Nino and its origin. A.B. To explain the consequences of El Nino.C. To show ways of fighting against El Nino.D. To urge people to prepare for El Nino.Step4．PresentationStep5．Summary【Post-class】 III.Self- reflectionI enjoyed learning aboutI found these words useful:I found these expressions useful:I have learned aboutSome examples:Keys:Suggested Answers:I. Pre-class homework41. B42. C43. A44. D45. C41-44DAABII. While-class （课堂教学流程）61.D 62.C 63.A 64.D。

Unit 3 Life in the futureToday, the world is rapidly urbanizing. With half of the world population expected to live in cities by the early part of the 21st century, the Shanghai 2010 World Expo’s focus on a better city bears profound meaning.当下，全球城市化进度迅猛。

在城市人口超过全球人口总数一半的21世纪初叶，＂城市＂成为上海世博会的主题别有深义。

What might future cities looklike 28 years from now? Here are somescenarios: things to come, things togo.28年后的城市生活又将会是什么样子？这里是一些假设：一些事物即将出现，另一些则将消失。

Zero waste 洁净世界Waste disposal is one of the biggest headaches for cities. Apart from recyclable waste, everything is buried or incinerated, only to pollute the environment. Plastic waste remains underground for several decades. The world produces much more garbage that it can dispose of.垃圾处理是许多城市的顽疾之一。

除一些可循环利用的垃圾之外，其余废弃物都是通过填埋或燃烧的方式进行处理，这样一来势必污染环境。

塑料垃圾被深埋地下几十年都无法降解。

话题自然NatureClass：Name：Group：No：Learning Objectives：1.Review the important words and expressions in the reading material:2. Learn the reading skills: scanning and skimmingLearning Key Points：1.Grasp the important words and expressions in the reading material2.Master the reading skills: scanning and skimmingLearning Difficult Points：Improve the reading abilityLearning Procedures：I.【Pre-class homework】Read the passage and choose the best answer(1)Life in the ClearTransparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch any thing unless they’re eating it, or unless something is eating them.”And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? It’s trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light, at least not very much, Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrou nding air or water. You don’t see it ----you see the things behind it.To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific col ors of light. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materia ls----skin, fat, and more----and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat.第 - 1 - 页Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see—through. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-lie(果冻状的)material and spread themselves over it .Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they’re doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active p rocess. When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white.（NMET2019北京卷C篇）63. According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals_______.A. stay in groupsB. can be easily damagedC. appear only in deep oceanD. are beautiful creatures64. The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means__________.A. silentlyB. graduallyC. regularlyD. completely65. One way for an animal to become transparent is to ________.A. change the direction of light travelB. gather materials to scatter light.C. avoid the absorption of lightD. grow bigger to stop light.66. The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals________.A. move more slowly in deep waterB. stay see-through even after deathC. produce more tissues for their survivalD. take effective action to reduce light spreading(2)Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing al l night一as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, take away signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clock, leading to them being wide awake when they s hould be asleep.Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some ge nes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.He told people at a conference, "There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behavior and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy."And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, "In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying `You are the bird exp ert. Can you help us kill these gulls?'.During the breeding(繁殖)season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep."Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make them heard over loud noise.However, some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.(NMET2019四川卷D篇)42. According to Dr Dominoni's study, what cause robins to sing so much?A. The breeding season.B. The light in modemC. The dangerous environment.D. The noise from heavy machinery.43. What is the researchers' concern over the increase o f birds' song output?A. The environment might be polluted.B. The birds' health might be damaged.C. The industry cost might be increased.D. The people's hearing might be affected.44. What does the underlined word "nocturnal" in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Active at night.B. Inactive at night.C. Active during the day.D. Inactive during the day.45. Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?A. Because there are fewer dangers.B. Because there is more food to eat.C. Because there is less light pollutionD. Because there are more places to take shelterII.【While-class】Step1. Lead-inStep2. Group discussion and presentation第 - 3 - 页Step3．Consolidation: Read the following passage and choose the best answer(1)California Condor’s Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North America’s largestbirds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the1980s, electrical lines an d lead poisoning (铅中毒)nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is startin g to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2019 to 5.4% in 2019.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not ef fective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.” (NMET 2019 北京)63. California condors attract researchers’ interest because they .A. are active at nightB. had to be bred in the wildC. are found on in CaliforniaD. almost died out in the 1980s64. Researchers have found electrical lines are.A. blocking condors’ journey homeB. big killers of California condorsC. rest places for condors at nightD. used to keep condors away65. According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning .A. makes condors too nervous to flyB. has little effect on condors’ kidneysC. can hardly be gotten rid of form condors’ bloodD. makes it different for condors to produce baby birds66. The passage shows that .A. the average survival time of condors is satisfactoryB. Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineeringC. the efforts to protect condors have brought good resultsD. researchers have found the final answers to the problem(2)Chimps (黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food?In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random ---he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. C himps are truly selfish.Human children, on the other hand are extremely corporative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children. He finds that if第 - 5 - 页babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught .but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence. Develops in children before their general cognitive（认知的）skills, at least when compared with chimps..In tests conducted b y Tomtasell, the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The cure of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t in what Tomasello calls what. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal. (NMET 2019江苏)58. What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?A. Chimps sel dom care about others’ interests.B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors’ food.D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.59. Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they____.A. have the instinct to help othersB. know how to offer help to adultsC. know the world better than chimpsD. trust adults with their hands full60. The passage is mainly about ____.A. the helping behaviors of young childrenB. ways to train childre n’s shared intentionalityC. cooperation as a distinctive human natureD. the development of intelligence in childrenStep4．PresentationStep5．SummaryIII.【Post-class】Self- reflectionKeys:Suggested Answers:I. Pre-class homework63. B 64. D 65. C 66. D42.B 43.B 44.A 45.AII. While-class （课堂教学流程）63. D 64. B 65. D 66. C58. A 59. A 60. C第 - 7 - 页。

专题15 热点话题“热点话题”是高中新课程标准24话题之一，亦是高考英语热点话题。

本话题主要包括全球变暖、节约能源、环境保护、交通问题、人口问题等。

通过本话题的学习和高考的考查，帮助学生学习有关气候、能源和环保的有关知识，树立“节约能源，保护环境”的主人翁意识。

“热点话题”在高考英语当中通常以阅读理解、完形填空、七选五或书面表达的形式出现，例如：2018年北京卷阅读理解C、D篇，2018年江苏卷阅读理解C篇，2018年浙江卷B、C篇，2018年天津卷阅读理解A篇；2017年新课标卷II阅读理解C篇；2017年北京卷阅读理解B篇，江苏卷阅读理解D篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解B篇、2014年新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇等。

Passage 1（2018年·新课标II卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间议论文放下手机，与人沟通330 ★★☆☆☆5分钟We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward an d challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small tal k as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’teven exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with smalltalk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。

第 - 1 - 页话题自然NatureClass：Name：Group：No：Learning Objectives：1.Review the important words and expressions in the reading material:2. Learn the reading skills: scanning and skimmingLearning Key Points：1.Grasp the important words and expressions in the reading material2.Master the reading skills: scanning and skimmingLearning Difficult Points：Improve the reading ability Learning Procedures：I.【Pre-class homework】Assessment:Read the passage and choose the best ans wer (1)Life in the ClearTransparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they're eating it, or unless somethingis eating them.”And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through?It's trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesn't absorb or scatter light, at least not very much, Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn't look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don't see it ----you see the things behind it.To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn't have pigments, so its tissues won't absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materials----skin, fat, and more----and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see—through. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-lie(果冻状的)material and spread themselves over it .Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they're doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white.（NMET2019北京卷C篇）63. According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals_______.A. stay in groupsB. can be easily damagedC. appear only in deep oceanD. are beautiful creatures64. The underlined word “dead”in Paragraph 3 means__________. A. silently B. gradually C. regularly D. completely65. One way for an animal to become transparent is to ________.A. change the direction of light travelB. gather materials to scatter light.C. avoid the absorption of lightD. grow bigger to stop light.66. The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals________.A. move more slowly in deep waterB. stay see-through even after deathC. produce more tissues for their survivalD. take effective action to reduce light spreading(2)Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night一as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, take away signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clock, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds' health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.He told people at a conference, There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behavior and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy.And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.第 - 3 - 页Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying `You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls?'.During the breeding(繁殖)season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep.Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make them heard over loud noise.However, some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.(NMET2019四川卷D篇)42. According to Dr Dominoni's study, what cause robins to sing so much?A. The breeding season.B. The light in modemC. The dangerous environment.D. The noise from heavy machinery.43. What is the researchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output?A. The environment might be polluted.B. The birds' health might be damaged.C. The industry cost might be increased.D. The people's hearing might be affected.44. What does the underlined word nocturnal in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Active at night.B. Inactive at night.C. Active during the day.D. Inactive during the day.45. Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?A. Because there are fewer dangers.B. Because there is more food to eat.C. Because there is less light pollutionD. Because there are more places to take shelterII.【While-class】Assessment:Step1. Lead-inStep2. Group discussion and presentationStep3．Consolidation: Read the following passage and choose the best answer(1)California Condor's Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North America's largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines an d lead poisoning (铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shocktraining and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Bajain Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don't see the power lines,”says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution (电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of leadare sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2019 to 5.4% in 2019.Rideout's team thinks that the California condors' average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,”he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”(NMET 2019 北京) 63. California condors attract researchers' interest because they. A. are active at night第 - 5 - 页 B. had to be bred in the wild C. are found on in CaliforniaD. almost died out in the 1980s64. Researchers have found electrical lines are .A. blocking condors' journey homeB. big killers of California condorsC. rest places for condors at nightD. used to keep condors away65. According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning .A. makes condors too nervous to flyB. has little effect on condors' kidneysC. can hardly be gotten rid of form condors' bloodD. makes it different for condors to produce baby birds66. The passage shows that .A. the average survival time of condors is satisfactoryB. Rideout's research interest lies in electric engineeringC. the efforts to protect condors have brought good resultsD. researchers have found the final answers to the problem(2)Chimps (黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war partiesto protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food?In the laboratory, chimps don't naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in acage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random ---he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, on the other hand are extremely corporative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children. He finds that ifbabies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught .but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence. Develops in children before their general cognitive（认知的）skills, at least when compared with chimps..In tests conducted by Tomtasell, the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were considerably better at understanding the social world. The cure of what children's minds have and chimps' don't in what Tomasello calls what. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal. (NMET 2019江苏)58. What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?A. Chimps seldom care about others' interests.B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors' food.D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.59. Michael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that they____.A. have the instinct to help othersB. know how to offer help to adultsC. know the world better than chimpsD. trust adults with their hands full60. The passage is mainly about ____.A. the helping behaviors of young childrenB. ways to train children's shared intentionalityC. cooperation as a distinctive human natureD. the development of intelligence in childrenStep4．PresentationStep5．Summary第 - 7 - 页III.【Post-class】Self- reflectionI enjoyed learning aboutI found these words usefulI found these expressions useful:I have learned aboutSome examples:Keys:Suggested Answers:I. Pre-class homework63. B 64. D 65. C 66. D42.B 43.B 44.A 45.AII. While-class （课堂教学流程）63. D 64. B 65. D 66. C 58. A 59. A 60. C。

Topic Languge LearningReadingClass：Name：Group：No：Learning Objectives：1.Review the important words and expressions in the reading material:2. Learn the reading skills: scanning and skimmingLearning Key Points：1.Grasp the important words and expressions in the reading material2.Master the reading skills: scanning and skimmingLearning Difficult Points：Improve the reading abilityLearning Procedures：I.【Pre-class homework】Read the passage and choose the best answer(1)One of the latest trend（趋势）in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004. And tha t’s true all across the country.“I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of a company, says of his 2-year old son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in th e future,” After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had anoth er reason for looking for an au pair from China. She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots.” Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture（文化）.” she says.“Staying with a native spe aker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language- 1 -education of Children.” But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands contin ued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.（NMET 2014 大纲）64. What does that term” au pair” in the text mean?A. A mother raising her children on her ownB. A young foreign woman taking care of children.C. A professor in language education of chil drenD. A child learning a foreign language at home65. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ______.A. to live in ChinaB. to speak the language at homeC. to catch up with other childrenD. to learn about the Chinese cul ture66. How can children learn a foreign language best according to Flynn?A. From their parents.B. By attending classes.C. From a native speaker.D. By starting at an early age.67. What can we infer from the text?A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular In America,B. Educated woman do better in looking after childrenC. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.(2)As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, acco rding to the United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations _UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying l anguages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India , Nepal, Bhutan, and China . But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wea lth of important materials-including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.- 3 -Now, through the two organizations that he has founded –the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project __Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, for the world available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities. （NMET 2014 新课标1）32. Many scholars are making efforts to ______.A. promote global languagesB. rescue disappearing languagesC. search for language communitiesD. set up language research organizations.33. What does “that tradition’ in Paragraph 3 refer to ?A. Having full records of the languagesB. Writing books on language teaching.C. Telling stories about language usersD. Living with the native speaker.34. What is Turin’s book based on?A. The cultural studiesB. The documents available at Yale.C. His language research in Bhutan.D. His personal experience in Nepal.35. Which of the f ollowing best describe Turin’s work?A. Write, sell and donate.B. Record, repair and reward.C. Collect, protect and reconnect.D. Design, experiment and report.II.【While-class】Step1. Lead-inStep2. Group discussion and presentationStep3．Consolidation: Read the following passage and choose the best answer(1)I am a writer. I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language — the way it can evoke（唤起）an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth. Language is the tool of my trade. And I use them all — all the Englishes I grew up with.Born into a Chinese family that had recently arrived in California, I’ve been giving more thought to the kind of English my mother speaks. Like others, I have described it to people as “broken” English. But feel embarrassed to say that. It has always bothered me that I can think of no way to describe it other than “broken”, as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed, as if it lacked certai n wholeness. I’ve heard other terms used, “limited English,” for example. But they seem just as bad, as if everything is limited, including people’s perceptions（认识）of the limited English speaker.I know this for a fact, because when I was growing up, m y mother’s “limited” English limited my perception of her. I was ashamed of her English. I believed that her English reflected the quality of what- 5 -she had to say. That is, because she expressed them imperfectly her thoughts were imperfect. And I had plenty of evidence to support me: the fact that people in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.I started writing fiction in 1985. And for reasons I won’t get into today, I began to write stories using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English she used with me, which for lack of a better term might be described as “broken”, and what I imagine to be her translatio n of her Chinese, her internal（内在的）language, and for that I sought to preserve the essence, but neither an English nor a Chinese structure: I wanted to catch what language ability tests can never show; her intention, her feelings, the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts. （NMET 2009天津B篇）41. By saying “Language is the tool of my trade”, the author means that______.A. she uses English in foreign tradeB. she is fascinated by languagesC. she works as a translatorD. she is a writer by profession42. The author used to think of her mother’s English as ______.A. impoliteB. amusingC. imperfectD. practical43. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A. Americans do not understand broken English.B. The author’s mother was not respected sometimes.C. The author’ mother had positive influence on her.D. Broken English always reflects imperfect thoughts.44. The author gradually realizes her mother’s English is _____.A. well structuredB. in the old styleC. easy to translateD. rich in meaning45. What is the passage mainly about?A. The changes of the author’s attitude to h er mother’s English.B. The limitation of the author’s perception of her mother.C. The author’s misunderstanding of “limited” English.D. The author’s experiences of using broken English.(2)How words came into being is unknown. All we assume is that some early men invented certain sounds, in one way or another, to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could talk with each other. Later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, whi ch could be put together to show those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, are called words.The power of words, then, lies in their associations-the things they bring up to our minds. Words become f illed with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words bring back to us the happy and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings. This clever use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can express his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use then correctly, or they will make our speech silly and common. (NMET 2010 全国)58. We learn from the text that language might have begun- 7 -with_______.A. expressionsB. actionsC. signsD. sounds59. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?A. The learning of new words.B. The importance of old words.C. The relation of human experience with words.D. The gradual change and development of words.60. In the last paragraph, what does the author suggest that we should do?A. Use words skillfullyB. Make musical speechesC. Learn poems by heartD. Associate with listenersStep4．PresentationStep5．SummaryIII.【Post-class】Self- reflectionKeys:Suggested Answers:I. Pre-class homework64．B 65．D 66．C 67．A32-35: BADCII. While-class （课堂教学流程）DCBDA58. D 59. C 60. A。

专题三阅读理解考点十四人物故事类A限时7分This is a story of a teenager who did something so generous—so big-hearted—that it's making plenty of adults swoon.Allan Guei, 18, was a star basketball player at Compton High School in the Los Angeles area before he graduated last month. His good grades made him, eligible W1for an unusual competition: A free-throw contest in the Compton High gymnasium. The top prize: $40,000 in scholarship money.Guei, w hose parents immigrated W2to the United States from the I v ory Coast, kne w ho w much that financial aid could mean for his family.S He was also feeling a fair share of pressure as students andteachers crushed into P1the gym to watch Guei and seven other randomly compete against each other.Guei won the free-throw contest by one basket and netted the $40,000. But it's what he did next that's truly astonishing.In the weeks following the March free-throw competition, Guei learned that he'd scored a full-ride basketball scholarship to California State University-Northridge. NCAA (全国大学生体育协会) rules allowed Guei to accept the athletic scholarship and also keep most of the $40,000 he had won.But Guei couldn't stop thinking about the seven talented runners-up from the free-throw contest. They, too, had dreams—and very real needs. So, he asked Principal Jesse Jones to make a surprise announcement at Compton High's graduation ceremony: Guei wanted to donate W3the $40,000 to the other seven students.“I've already been blessed so much and I know we're living with a bad economy, so I know this money can really help my classmates，”Guei said in a statement. “It was the right decision.”Guei elaborated (演说) on his decision to give the money away in an interview with ESPN (体育电视网)：“I was already well taken care of to go to school, to go to university for free P2.... I felt like they needed it more than I did.”篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。

专项训练十四热点话题时间：8～10分钟/篇分值：2分/小题Passage 1(2018永州)流行词——点赞、任性、秒杀、土豪As the Internet is developing fast, more and more new words and phrases have been created in Chinese. Here are some examples.One of the most popular words is Dianzan, which is often used when you quite agree with someone. Another example is Renxing. When you say somebody is Renxing, you mean that they will do whatever they like. The phrase Miaosha first came from online shopping, which means you can complete your shopping orders before others. But now it's widely used when you achieve your purpose in a very short time. If you describe somebody as a Tuhao, you mean that he is very rich.You can find lots of such new Chinese words. Keep learning and you'll know more about Chinese culture.( )1. When you quite agree with someone, you may say________．A. RenxingB. MiaoshaC. Dianzan( )2. What does Renxing mean in English?A. Someone can complete his/her shopping orders before others.B. Someone will do whatever he/she likes.C. He/She is very rich.( )3. How many kinds of Internet language are mentioned in thepassage?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.( )4. What does the underlined word “purpose” mean in Chinese?A. 目标B. 讨论C. 成功( )5. Which of the following is Right according to the passage?A. Now, fewer and fewer words and phrases have been created in Chinese.B. Miaosha has been created two meanings in Chinese.C. You can find lots of new Chinese words without learning.Passage 2(2018娄底)“20国集团”峰会在杭州举行Hangzhou, the capital of East China's Zhejiang Province, is one of China's finest and most popular tourist places. The city is ready to hold the two­day 2018 G20 Summit(“20国集团”峰会) from September 4.The city has been trying its best to greet the coming Summit. The new hotels for Chinese and foreign leaders, as well as the rebuilding and improvement of some old streets, are almost finished. The riverbanks(河岸) of the Qiantang River are made much more beautiful with colorful lights.We saw the 100­day countdown(倒计时) on May 27, 2018. More than 5，000 staff(工作人员) and volunteers are preparing for the summit.( )1. From the passage, we can know that Hangzhou is________．A. the capital of East ChinaB. the biggest city in ChinaC. one of the most famous places for the Chinese tourists( )2. When will the 2016 G20 Summit end in Hangzhou?A. September 2.B. September 4.C. September 5.( )3. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Chinese and foreign leaders will live in new hotels when attending the Summit.B. Hangzhou is trying to rebuild all the old streets.C. Hangzhou is becoming more and more beautiful now.( )4. How many staff and volunteers are getting prepared for the Summit?A. Over 5，000.B. Less than 5，000.C. More than 500.( )5. Where does this reading material most probably come from?A. A story book.B. A newspaper.C. A text book.Passage 3(2018滨州)二孩政策的好处China is a great country with the largest population in the world. In order to solve the population problem，our government carried_out one­child policy (政策) before. When it is carried out for some time, many people not only see its advantages but also disadvantages.From 2018, two­child policy is put into effect. In my opinion, two­child policy is good. First of all, two­child policy is the gift for some only child. For some families, maybe the parents are only child and they also can have only child. Besides the loneliness of their child，when their child grows up and they grow older, their child marry an only child girl, the burden (负担) on their child and his wife is too heavy. Their child and his wife have to take care of two couples. Usually, a young couple looking after an old couple is a little difficult. But if their parents have two children, they can share the burden of taking care of their parents. It would be much better. Secondly, two­child policy can guarantee (保证) the number of Chinese population.All in all, one­child policy has been out of date. And two­child policy is needed and necessary. It can solve the problems of nowadays (现在) and the future.( )1. Which country has the largest population in the world?A. America.B. Britain.C. China.D. Japan.( )2. The underlined phrase “carried_out”in Paragraph 1 means “________”in Chinese.A. 携带B. 取消C. 禁止D. 实行()3. Our government carried out one­child policy before in order to ________．A. solve the population problemB. take care of two old couplesC. share the burden of taking care of their parentsD. argue that two­child policy should be put into effect( )4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. One­child policy has its advantages and disadvantages.B. It's easy for a young couple to look after an old couple.C. China is a great country with the largest population in the world.D. For some families, maybe the parents are only child and they also can have only child before 2018.( )5. What's the main idea of this passage?A. Two­child policy is needed and necessary.B. Our government carried out one­child policy.C. Two­child policy is the gift for some only child.D. Two­child policy can guarantee the number of Chinese population.Passage 4(2018咸宁)“9页手绘步骤”教父母玩微信Zhang Ming, a college student from Shandong, created a 9­page “WeChat guide”. With drawings and simple words, the step­by­step guide explains how to send messages, take pictures and make video calls. Zhang made the guide for his parents. “My parents are getting old. They need an easy way to learn how to use new technology，”he said.Zhang's experience is common nowadays. Worldwide, 40 percent of parents learn about new technologies, including computers, mobile Internet and social media, from their children, according to a study from the International Communication Association in 2014.Parents used to teach their kids about almost everything. Now for the first time, the teachers become the students, and the students turn into the teachers.The change of roles comes from the rapid development of society and technology, says Zhou Xiaohong, a sociology professor from Nanjing University. Zhou said the Internet and other forms of media give children ways to get information besides from asking older generations(长辈). Therefore, in the age of information, it's possible that children know more than their parents do.According to the China Internet Network Information Center(CINIC), 56.7 percent of Internet users and 67.2 percent of social media users in China are under the age of 30. The younger generation usually acts as a link between their family and the new environment. But when they teach their parents new technologies, parents can connect to the new world by themselves, noted Zhou.In Zhang Ming's eyes, teaching his parents about WeChat brings him closer to his parents. “People can communicate more by using new technology. Why should we keep our parents out？” said Zhang.( )1. According to the passage, Zhang's parents can't ________ with the “WeChat guide”．A. make video callsB. send messagesC. grab the red envelopesD. take pictures( )2. Why does children know more than their parents do nowadays?A. Because parents teach the children about almost everything.B. Because children can ask more older generations for help.C. Because parents are getting old.D. Because children can get more information by using new technologies.( )3. What does the underlined word “link” in paragraph 5 mean?A. teacherB. connectionC. treasureD. conversation( )4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Zhang Ming's “WeChat guide” is made up of drawings and simple words.B. 40% of parents learn about new technologies from their children all over the world in 2014.C. 56.7% of social media users in China are under 30 according to the CINIC.D. Zhang Ming thinks that we should encourage our parents to use more new technologies.( )5. What's the best title of the passage?A. Ways of using new technologyB. Kids can also teach parentsC. How parents connect to the worldD. Ways to get informationPassage 5(2018荆州)人工智能——AlphaGoWho is smarter, human being or artificial intelligence(AI, 人工智能)? The question swept the world a few months ago. In March 2018, AlphaGo, an AI program developed by Google, had the Go(围棋) match with Lee Sedol, a South Korean Go player. He is the world top player of this old Chinese game.In October 2015, AlphaGo became the first computer program to beat a professional(职业的)human Go player. And this time, it beat Lee Sedol 4－1.In fact, before the match, most people believed that Lee would certainly be the winner, because they didn't think that AI was good enough to beat the human mind. However, the result was disappointing. As a machine, AlphaGo would never get tired, while Lee Sedol was only a human and humans must have some weaknesses.AlphaGo's wins over a human champion(冠军) show that computers can do more difficult tasks. Some people may worry whether computers are now smart enough to beat us at everything. But scientists say that is not the case. Real life problems can be more difficult than the Go game. Thomas Johnson, a scientist of AI said, “It's not hard to get a computer program to remember and produce facts. What is hard isgetting computers to use knowledge in everyday situation.” And we believe we can use the technology of AI to improve the world.( )1. The match between AlphaGo and Lee Sedol is mentioned at the beginning of the article mainly to ________．A. get the reader to think about AIB. draw the reader's attention to AlphaGoC. show how AI is usually testedD. tell the reader AI has over the human brain( )2. What was the result of the match?A. Google program beat AlphaGo.B. Lee Sedol won AlphaGo 4－1.C. Lee Sedol was beaten.D. Neither side won the match.( )3. —Why did most people believe Lee would be the winner?—Because ________．A. computers had weaknesses and also got tiredB. AlphaGo only beat a human Go player onceC. the Go game was invented by Chinese peopleD. computers were not so smart as a human( )4. What does Thomas Johnson probably agree with?A. AI does better than humans in every situation.B. It's hard for AI to beat the human at everything.C. The development of AI could be harmful one day.D. AI should be used to help us make difficult decisions.Passage 6(2018荆门)如何应对校园暴力？Every school seems to have a “bully”(欺凌). In fact, bullying goes on in schools all over the world. Bullying is a common situation at school. We need to get to know more about bullying.Who gets picked on(被选择)? Bullies pick on people they think don't fit in—someone who “looks different”or isn't as “smart”or as “rich”. For example, shy kids often get picked on because of their characters. Physically hitting someone is the most obvious(明显的) form of bullying, but insulting(侮辱), gossiping(说闲话) and making fun of others are also usual forms of bullying.What can you do to stop bullying? If you are the bully, think about how your actions hurt others. You can't build yourself up by putting others down. When you're feeling stressed or angry, find acceptable ways to deal with your frustrations.If you are the victim(受害者), tell a trusted adult and get some help. Many times adults can find ways to solve the problem. Here is some wise advice:●Ignore(忽略) the bully and walk away.●Hold your temper(脾气). Maybe the bully wants you to explode(发怒)．●Don't fight physically. It may lead to more violence(暴力)．●Practice confidence even if you have to pretend it.●Talk with parents or teachers about it. They are sure to help you solve theproblem.●Make true friends at school. That may be helpful.( )1. According to the passage, what's going on at school in the world?A. Being late.B. Bullying.C. Being angry.D. Fighting with teachers.( )2. Who may be bullied at school easily?A. The person who is smart.B. The person who doesn't gossip.C. The person who is shy.D. The person who often gossips.( )3. As a student, how can you stop bullying?A. Think less about the results of your actions.B. Build yourself up by insulting others.C. Deal with your frustrations by fighting with others.D. Deal with your stress or anger in acceptable ways.( )4. What can a student do to avoid being a victim?A. Don't ignore the bully and face it.B. Don't talk to parents about it directly.C. Make more good friends at school.D. Fight physically if he or she can't hold temper.Passage 7(2018滨州)在网络平台“晒食物”的坏处We can't remember clearly since when we started to take our mobiles to a dinner table. This happens a lot, especially when we eat out. Once a dish comes, instead of lifting our chopsticks, we take out our mobiles and click. Later, we post the photos onto Weibo or WeChat, waiting to be “liked”. Then we check our mobiles from time to time during the meal, to see whether we get “liked” or not.We just cannot leave our mobiles for only a meal.Does that sound familiar to you? Do you do that often? If not, how do you feel when others do that when having dinner with you?A recent study suggests that what we are used to doing is not so good. Spending time taking photos of food makes the food less pleasant.To test this, some researchers did an experiment. Some people were asked to take photos before they could enjoy food. As a result, it showed that the more photos they took, __▲__. So, why not stop taking photos and just enjoy the food in front of you?Besides the scientific result, there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals. After posting the photos onto the Internet, one will not be able to control himself and check his mobile many times. “Does everyone like my photos? I hope a lot of people like them！” It seems that your mobile secretly calls your name all the time, even when you are with real people.So, next time you go out to have dinner with your family or friends, how about not taking photos of food? Let the food be delicious as it is and share your life with people around you. Trust me, it will be a wonderful time.( )1. From the passage, what happens a lot at the dinner table nowadays?A. People talk about their Weibo or WeChat.B. People learn from each other how to cook dishes.C. People like taking photos with friends or families.D. People take photos of food and post them before eating.( )2.Which of the following can be put in the __▲__ in Paragraph 3?A. the less cheerful they becameB. the less delicious the food seemed to themC. the more interested they were in the foodD. the more “liked” they got on Weibo or WeChat( )3.What does the fourth paragraph talk about?A. The reasons for checking your mobiles.B. The ways of posting the photos onto the Internet.C. The tips(提示)of making others like your photos on the Weibo.D. Some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals.( )4. Which of the following is the writer's opinion?A. We take our mobiles and click when a dish comes.B. We check our mobiles from time to time during the meal.C. Spending time taking photos of food makes the food less pleasant.D. Some people were asked to take photos before they could enjoy food.( )5. What can we learn from the passage?A. Take photos of food in order to have a wonderful life.B. Take photos of delicious food and share them with others.C. Remember to have dinner with our family and friends at home.D. Enjoy the life with people around us instead of taking photos of food.Passage 8(2018泰州)表情符号受欢迎Have you found that more and more people are using emojis to communicate online? For example, “Happy Birthday” has become a cake with lit candles. And “I am happy”has become a smiling face.Emojis have been warmly welcomed since they were invented in the 1990s in Japan. According to a survey of a mobile technology company, 6 billion emojis are used in text messages around the world every day. Last year, 20 percent of all emojis usedin the UK and 17 percent of those used in the US was the icon . It became the most widely­used icon in 2015.Emojis are now used as “a new form of expression”， and one which can crosslanguage barriers(障碍). “Emojis are popular among millennials,_who were born between late 1980s and early 2000s, because they welcome new technology and new things an d they think emojis are ‘flexible(灵活的) and show meanings beautifully’”，president of Oxford Dictionaries told The Wall Street Joural.Since millennials became the biggest part in the American workforce(劳动力), emojis have been more accepted in the workplace. For many people, the tiny pictures also show that the users are part of mainstream(主流) society. In the digital age, emojis are “how most people communicate and show their personality many times every day.”But not everyone thinks the use of emojis is a good thing. Jonathan Jones of The Guardian said that the success of emojis is “a step back for humans”， hurting people's ability to use languages.“There are strict limits on what you can say with pictures—the written word is necessary t o express your ideas and feelings to their highest level.” he said.Do you feel or about emojis?( )1. What emoji is “Happy Birthday” according to the passage?A. B. C. D.( )2. Where were emojis invented?A. In Japan.B. In China.C. In the UK.D. In the US.( )3. What does the underlined word “millennials” is the 3rd paragraph mean in Chinese?A. 80后B. 00后C. 独生子女D. 千禧一代( )4. Why are emojis popular among millennials?A. Because emojis limit what they say with pictures.B. Because they think emojis are a step back for humans.C. Because 6 billion emojis are used in text messages every day.D. Because young people are easily attracted by new technology and new things.( )5. The writer makes us learn about the emojis in Paragraph 2 by ________.A. telling storiesB. explaining the word “emojis”C. listing numbersD. making comparisons(比较)Passage 9(2018淄博)加拿大森林大火引发全社会救援On May 1, a wildfire started in a forest near the Alberta town of Fort McMurray in Canada. Within two days, the fire grew larger and the people who lived in Fort McMurray had to leave their homes. While there have been very few people injured(伤害) by the large fire itself, it has been harmful to the community.Canadians in other places have been helping by sending money and donations to the Red Cross. Many people in Alberta have taken in people from Fort McMurray, lettingthem stay in their homes for free until the fire is put out. Many firefighters are needed to fight the fire and some of them have come from other parts of Canada to help. The brave firefighters were able to save 25，000 homes as well as the hospital and all of the town's schools, according to CBC news.There have been thousands of other acts of kindness towards the people of Fort McMurray. Some musicians, such as Great Big Sea's Alan Doyle, are holding special concerts, with the money going to Fort McMurray people. And companies have been helping, as well. Beer­maker Labatt filled thousands of cans with water—instead of beer—and sent them to the people in Fort McMurray.The fire is huge, spreading over more than 229，000 hectares(公顷), but firefighters say they believe they are starting to get it under control—it is becoming smaller instead of spreading.( )1. How many people have been injured by the large fire itself?A. 25，000.B. Very few.C. 229，000.D. Many.( )2. In this passage, the underlined word “donations” means ________．A. 捐赠物B. 礼物C. 吉祥物D. 农作物( )3. What did beer­maker Labatt do for the people in Fort McMurray?A. He sent money to the people in Fort McMurry.B. He held a concert and gave the money to the people in Fort McMurray.C. He took in people from Fort McMurray and let them stay in his home for free.D. He filled thousands of cans with water and sent them to the people in Fort McMurray.( )4. What is the passage mainly about?A. A big fire in Fort McMurray of Canada.B. The people in Fort McMurray of Canada.C. The firefighters in Fort McMurray of Canada.D. The musicians in Fort McMurray of Canada., 小词典)1．riverbank n. 河岸 2.countdown n．倒计时3．staff n. 工作人员 4.policy n. 政策5．burden n. 负担 6.guarantee v．保证7．older generation 长辈 8.champion n．冠军9．bully n．欺凌 10.obvious adj. 明显的11．insult v. 侮辱 12.gossip v. 说闲话13．victim n．受害者 14.ignore v. 忽略15．temper n. 脾气 16.explode v．发怒17．violence n．暴力 18.barrier n. 障碍19．flexible adj. 灵活的 20.workforce n．劳动力21．mainstream n. 主流专项训练十四热点话题Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。

话题家庭、朋友与周围的人Family, friends and people around ReadingClass：Name：Group：No：Learning Objectives：1.Review the important words and expressions in the reading material:2. Learn the reading skills: scanning and skimmingLearning Key Points：1.Grasp the important words and expressions in the reading material2.Master the reading skills: scanning and skimmingLearning Difficult Points：Improve the reading abilityLearning Procedures：I.【Pre-class homework】Read the passage and choose the best answer(1)Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize tha t your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student (技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid,” I wanted to say. “And smart, really.”I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, differ ent. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).第 - 1 - 页But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilitie s that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it , but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.My son, with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts (零件) from a junkyard, non-toasting toaster have been fixed.Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repair to him.Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made m ine. (NMET 2019天津)41. What used to be the author’s hope for his son?A. To avoid becoming his clone.B. To resemble him in appearance.C. To develop in a different direction.D. To reach the author’s unachieved goals.42. What can we learn about the autho r’s children?A. His daughter does better in school.B. His daughter has got a master’s degree.C. His son tried hard to finish homework.D. His son couldn’t write his book reports.43. The author let his son repair the car because he believed that_______.A. His son had the ability to fix it.B. it would save him much time.C. it wouldn’t cause him any more lossD. other motorheads would come to help.44. In the author’s eyes, motorheads are _______.A. tidy and hardworkingB. cheerful and smartC. lazy but brightD. relaxed but rude45. What did the author realize in the end?A. It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.B. It is important for one to make the honor roll.C. Architects play a more important role than builders.D. Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.(2)Two things changed my life: my mother and a white plastic bike basket. I have thought long and hard about it and it’s true. I would be a different person if my mom hadn’t turned a silly bicy cle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today.My mother and father were united in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out. Looking back, I honestly don’t know how she did it. Managing the family bu dget must have been a very hard task, but she made it look effortless. If we complained about not having what another kid did, we’d hear something like, “I don’t care what so –and –so got for his birthday, you are not getting a TV in your room a car for yo ur birthday a lavish sweet 16 party.” We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house. I can still l remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table.My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house .Like the two little girls growing up at the White House, we made our own beds (no one left the house until that was done) and picked up after ourselves.We had to keep track of our belongings, and if something was lost, it was not replaced.It was summer and ,one day ,my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire fixed---and there it was in the window, White, shiny, plastic and decorated with flowers ,the basket winked at me and I knew ----I knew---I had to have it.“It’s beautiful,” my mother said when I po inted it out to her,”What a neat basket.”第 - 3 - 页I tried to hold off at first, I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess I couldn’t stand it any longer:“Mom, please, can I get it? I’ll do extra chores for as long as you say, I’ll do anything, but I need that basket, I love that basket. Please, Mom. Please?”I was desperate.“You know,” she said, gently rubbing my back while we both stared at what I believes was the coolest thing ever,”If you save up you could buy this yourself.”“By the time I make en ough it’ll be gone!”“Maybe Roger here could hold i t for you,” she smiled at Roger, the bike guy.“He can’t hold it for that long, Mom. Someone else will buy it. Please, Mom, Please?”“There might be another way,” she said.And so our paying plan unfolded.My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I could n’t find. Each week I eagerly counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there (washing the car, helping my mother make dinner, delivering or collecting th ings on my bike that already looked naked without the basket in front). And then, weeks later, I counted, re-counted and jumped for joy. Oh, happy day! I made it! I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed upon….Days later the unthinkable happened. A neig hborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fitted to her shiny, new bike that already had all the bells and whistles. I rode hard and fast home to tell my mother about this disaster. This horrible turn of events.And then came the lesson I’ve taken with me through my life:“Honey, Your basket is extra-special,” Mom said, gently wiping away my hot tears.“Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself.” (NMET 2019浙江)55. What can we learn from the first two p aragraphs?A. The children enjoyed doing housework.B. The author came from a well-off family.C. The mother raised her children in an unusual way.D. The children were fond of the US president’s daughters.56. When the author saw the basket in the window, she .A. fell in love with itB. stared at her motherC. recognized it at onceD. went up to the bike guy57. Why did the author say many “please” to her mother?A. She longed to do extra work.B. She was eager to have the basket.C. She felt tired after standing too long.D. She wanted to be polite to her mother.58. By using “naked”(Paragraph 12), the author seems to stress that the basket was .A. something she could affordB. something important to herC. something impossible to getD. something she could do without59. To the author, it seemed to be a horrible turn of events thatA. something spoiled her paying planB. the basket cost more than she had savedC. a neighborhood girl had bought a new bikeD. someone else had got a basket of the same kind60. What is the life lesson the author learned from her mother?A. Save money for a rainy day.B. Good advice is beyond all prices.C. Earn your bread with your sweat.D. God helps those who help themselves.II.【While-class】Step1. Lead-inStep2. Group discussion and presentationStep3．Consolidation: Read the following passage and choose the best answer(1)Grandparents Answer a CallAs a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildre d Garza never pleased move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving第 - 5 - 页closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent o f the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate magazine for grandparents. We now realize how important family is and how important to be near them, especially when you’re raining children.”Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder. (NMET 2019 全国I)25. Why was Garza’s move a success?A. It strengthened her family ties.B. It improved her living conditions.C. It enabled her make more friends.D. It helped her know more new places.26. What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?A. 17% expressed their support for it.B. Few people responded sympathetically.C. 83% believed it had a bad influence.D. The majority thought it was a trend.27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A. They were unsure of raise more children.B. They were eager to raise more children.C. They wanted to live away from their parents.D. They bad little respect for their grandparent.28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the las t paragraph?A. Make decisions in the best interests’ of their own.B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.C. Sacrifice for their struggling children.D. Get to know themselves bett er.(2)Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. "There's so much to learn," he'd say. "Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied an education.Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day; n o matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point.Then came the moment—the time to share the day's new learning.Papa, at the head of the table, would push back his cha ir and pour a glass of red wine, ready to listen."Felice," he'd say, "tell me what you learned today.”"I learned that the population of Nepal is ....”Silence.Papa was thinking about what was said, as if the salvation of the world would depend upon it. "The population of Nepal. Hmm. Well . . . ." he’d say. "Get the map; let's see where Nepal is. " And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn. Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.As children, we thought very little about these educational wonders. Our family, however, was growing together, sharing experiences and participating in one another's education. And by looking at us, list ening to us, respecting our input, affirming our value, giving us a sense of dignity, Papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.Later during my training as a future teacher /1 studied with some of the most famous educators. They were imparting what Papa had known all along—the value of continual learning. His technique has served me well all my life. Not a single day has been wasted, though I can never tell when knowing the population of Nepal might prove useful.（NMET2019福建卷B篇）60. What do we know from the first paragraph?A. The author's father was born in a worker's family.B. Those born stupid could not change their life.C. The town elders wanted to learn about the world.D. The poor could hardly afford school education.61. The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refers to:A. one new thingB. a requestC. the newsD. some comment62. It can be learned from the passage that the author .A. enjoyed talking about newsB. knew very well about Nepal第 - 7 - 页C. felt regret about those wasted da ysD. appreciated his father's educational technique63What is the greatest value of "dinner time" to the author?A. Continual learning.B. Showing talents.C. Family get-together.D. Winning Papa's approval.64. The author's father can be best describ ed as .A. an educator expert at training future teachersB. a parent insistent on his children's educationC. a participant willing to share his knowledgeD. a teacher strict about everything his students didStep4．PresentationStep5．SummaryIII.【Post-class】Self- reflectionKeys:Suggested Answers:I. Pre-class homework41.D 42. A 43. C 44.B 45.A55. C 56. A 57. B 58. B 59. D 60. C II. While-class （课堂教学流程）25. A 26.D 27.C 28.A60.D 61.C 62.D 63.A 64.B。

课时作业27Ⅰ.阅读理解(2017·湖北省枣阳市白水高中月考)Walt Whitman was born in 1819 in Long Island, New York. Whitman received most of his education outside of the classroom. At the age of eleven, he worked in a law office as an office boy where he became interested in reading. He was soon reading the works of famous authors like William Shakespeare and Homer, and was well on his way to becoming one of America's most well-known poets.By the time Whitman was seventeen years old, he had already worked as a printer's learner, a worker, and a teacher. Though he disliked teaching, he excelled in the profession, developing a friendly relationship with his students; he even allowed them to adress him by his first name. He also developed fresh teaching techniques and learning games to help his students with spelling and maths. In his early twenties, however, he gave up teaching to pursue (追求) a full-time career as a journalist and poet.When Walt Whitman first appeared as a poet, his arrival onto the American literary scene was met with controversy. His first collection of poems, Leaves of Grass, was so unusual that no commercial publisher would print the work. In 1855 Whitman published, at his own expense, the first edition of his collection of twelve poems.Whitman's poetic style was uncommon in the sense that he wrote poems in a form called parallelism (对句法), in which his goal was to copy the flow of the sea and the quickly-passing nature of human emotion. A common theme in Whitman's poetry is self-realization. In his work, Whitman moves from conventional patterns of rhyme to create a unique rhythm and a multi-layered, but truly American voice.“Although Whitman was considered a revolutionary by many, there is little doubt he loved his country deeply.” In his writing, he used slang (俚语) and various images, or voices, to create a sense of national unity.For Whitman, the “proof of a poet is that his country absorbs him as affectionately as he has absorbed it.” Whitman has undoubtedly become a part of the cultural history and image of America.1．Paragraph 2 mainly talks about ________.A．Whitman's educationB．Whitman's early careerC．how Whitman became a poetD．why Whitman's poems were popular2．When Whitman first appeared as a poet, ______.A．he received a warm welcomeB．his literary road was not easyC．he became famous for his unusual styleD．his poetic style was copied by other poets3．What was Whitman's greatest literary contribution?A．He expressed human emotion in his writing.B．He showed that flow of the sea in his poems.C．He used slang to show his love for his country.D．He created a unique rhythm and an American voice.答案与解析本文讲述的是Whitman作为诗人所做出的贡献。

专题15 热点话题【话题解读】“热点话题”是高中新课程标准24话题之一，亦是高考英语热点话题。

本话题主要包括全球变暖、节约能源、环境保护、交通问题、人口问题等。

通过本话题的学习和高考的考查，帮助学生学习有关气候、能源和环保的有关知识，树立“节约能源，保护环境”的主人翁意识。

【高考探究】“热点话题”在高考英语当中通常以阅读理解、完形填空、七选五或书面表达的形式出现，例如：2017年新课标卷II阅读理解C篇；2017年北京卷阅读理解B篇，江苏卷D篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解B篇、2014年新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇等。

【参考词汇】重点单词Ⅰ.写作必记单词1.afford v.负担得起；给予；提供2.defend v.防守，捍卫→defence n.保卫；防卫3.observe vt.观察；注意到；遵守→observation n.观察4.prohibit v.阻止；禁止→prohibition n.禁止；禁令5.purchase v.& n.购买；购买的东西6.realize v.实现(目标等)；意识到→reality n.真实，现实7.relax v.放松；休息→relaxin g adj.令人轻松的，令人放松的→relaxed adj.感到松懈的；感到放松的8.remain v.保持；依然；留下；剩余9.strength n.力气；长处10.volunteer n.志愿者Ⅱ.阅读识记单词11.absorb v.吸收；吸引……的注意12.budget n.预算13.career n.事业；职业14.celebrity n.名人15.circulate v.传播；流通；循环→circulation n.循环；流传bine v.(使)结合；(使)组合→c ombination n.联合；混合→combined adj.联合的，共同的17.conclude v.推断出，断定；使结束，终止→conclusion n.结论；结束18.consumption n.消费；消耗19.discourage v.使气馁；阻碍20.economically adv.在经济上；节俭地→economy n.经济→economic adj.经济(上)的21.essential adj.必要的；基本的22.financial adj.财政的；金融的23.harmful adj.有害的24.harmonious adj.和谐的；和睦的25.hesitate vi.犹豫，踌躇26.instructor n.教员，指导老师27.irresponsible adj.不负责任的；不可靠的28.majority n.多数29.massive adj.大量的；巨大的30.mental adj.心理的；精神的31.moral adj.道德的；精神上的32.negative adj.消极的；否定的33.phenomenon n.现象34.professional adj.职业的；专业的35.psychological adj.心理的；心理学的36.rural adj.农村的，乡下的37.security n.安全38.spoilt adj.宠坏的；损坏的39.urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的40.weaken v.变弱重点短语1.adapt to适应于……2.be aware of意识到3.be bound to必然；必定4.be devoted to专心于，献身于5.draw up起草；拟定6.go up上升；增长；升起7.in favo(u)r of有利于；支持，赞同8.in possession of拥有，占有ck of没有，缺乏10.operate on对……动手术；对……起作用11.oppose to反对12.pull down摧毁；推翻13.result in导致14.search for搜寻，搜索【典例剖析】Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment.“We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many，many times，” says Gaylord Nelson，the former governor from Wisconsin，who thought up the first Earth Day.According to US government reports，emissions(排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with，the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs；today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights，motors，and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.Twenty five years ago，there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today，it’s hard to find a public school，university，or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that，nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson.5. According to Anderson，before 1970，Americans had little idea about .A. the social movementB. recycling techniquesC. environmental problemsD. the importance of Earth Day【答案】 C6. Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?A. The grassroots level.B. The business circle.C. Government officials.D. University professors.【答案】 A【解析】细节理解题。

话题12 文娱与体育（Entertainment Sports）【话题解读】＂文娱与体育＂是高中英语新课标话题之一，亦是高考常考话题，历年高考英语都可觅其踪迹。

本话题包括影视剧、体育活动和比赛、锻炼等方面。

通过该话题的学习和考查，可以让学生初步了解电影电视剧作、重视体育锻炼、了解国内外重大体育赛事等，促进他们的爱国热情。

在近几年的高考英语当中，该话题常以听力、阅读理解、书面表达等形式出现，例如2017年新课标卷III书面表达，2016年全国卷III完形填空，2016年天津卷完形填空，2016年四川卷阅读理解A篇，2016年江苏卷阅读理解D篇，2015年全国卷Ⅱ七选五及完形填空；2015年北京卷书面表达，2014年大纲卷阅读理解E篇，2014年江西卷阅读理解A篇等。

【相关词汇】A.基础单词1. n.委员会2. adj.现代的，当代的；同一时代的3. n.奖牌，奖章，勋章4. n.& vt.尝试，努力，试图5. adv.否则，不然6. n.&vi.& vt.预算；编制预算7. n.协会，社团；关联；联想8. n.球门；射门，进球得分；目标9. n.裁判；推荐人10. n.& vi. 哨子，口哨；呼啸，鸣叫；吹口哨，吹哨子11. adj.愤愤不平的；令人不快的；味苦的；严寒的12. adv.与此同时；在此期间13. vt.打成平局；(用绳、线)系，绑，捆14. adj.宝贵的，珍贵的15. vt.去除，移开；开除；免除，解除(职务)B.词汇拓展16. n.力量；能量；影响力；权力；统治 vt.驱动，提供动力→ adj.强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的→ adv.强有力地；强大地；强烈地17. adj.愉快的，高兴的→ n.& vt.快乐，高兴；使高兴→ adj.令人愉快的，可喜的18. n.重要性，意义→ adj.重要的，有意义的19. vi.比赛；竞争→ n.竞争，竞赛→ adj.竞争的；竞赛的→ n.竞争者；对手20. vt.使激动，使兴奋→ adj.兴奋的，激动的→ adj.令人激动的，使人兴奋的21. n.&vt. 尊敬；荣幸；尊重(某人)→ adj.光荣的，可敬的22. n.缺席，不在场；不存在→ adj.缺席的，不在场的C. 短语互译23. 为向……表示敬意24. 一起，共同；肩并肩，并排25. (在逆境中)坚持26. 被提出27. 领先28. keep...under control29. make way for30. hope for31. every four years32. be related to【答案】 mittee 2.contemporary 3.medal4.attempt5.otherwise6.budget7.association 8.goal 9.referee10.whistle 11.bitter 12.meanwhile13.tie 14.precious 15.remove16.power；powerful；powerfully17.delighted；delight；delightful18.significance ；significantpete；competition；competitive；competitor20.excite；excited；exciting 21.honour；honourable22.absence；absent 23.in honour of24.side by side 25.hang one up 27.lead the way28.控制住，使……处于控制之下29.给……让路，让位于……30.希望，期待31.每四年一次32.与……相关（一）奥林匹克的宗旨和口号为了奥运梦想，全世界的优秀运动员聚在一起，追求最高的目标。