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北京理工大学公共管理专业考研复习必备资料-育明考研考博目录一、北京理工大学公共管理专业考研招生情况 (3)二、北京理工大学公共管理专业考研近五年复试分数线（育明考博辅导中心) (4)三、北京理工大学公共管理专业考研专业课参考书（育明考博辅导中心) (5)四、北京理工大学公共管理专业考研资料一本通（目录） (5)五、2015年考研英语(一)真题完整版 (7)一、北京理工大学公共管理专业考研招生情况北京理工大学创办于1940年，前身是诞生于延安的“自然科学院”，是中国共产党创办的第一所理工科高校，是新中国成立以来国家历批次重点建设的大学，首批设立研究生院，首批进入国家“211工程”和“985工程”建设行列，现隶属于工业和信息化部。
历经多年发展，学校已在学科专业、师资队伍、人才培养、科学研究等方面位居中国研究型大学前列，跻身于国内一流理工科大学。
2012年，学校首次进入在全球具有广泛影响力的英国QS世界大学排名“亚洲大学100强”和“世界大学500强”，在入选的19所中国高校中名列第13位。
作为我国改革开放后最早恢复管理教育的高校之一，北京理工大学于1980年成立管理工程系。
为适应我国社会经济及高等教育发展的需要，1992年，管理工程系更名为管理学院，1998年，更名为管理与经济学院。
目前，学院设有9个系，有管理科学与工程、应用经济学、工商管理和公共管理4个一级学科硕士点（包含9个二级学科硕士点）。
学院的王牌专业是管理科学与工程，公共管理（学术型）专业起步较晚，相对发展薄弱，但依托学校理工特色和985优势，发展很快，且形成了自己特有的培养模式，经育明教育统计，北理公管研究生社会认可度高，毕业去向十分多元，以党政机关、国有企业科研院所为主，其公管考研难度在北京地区属中等偏上，每年竞争都比较激烈，同学们一定要早作规划，科学备考。
北京理工大学公管考研具体情况可以咨询育明·斯泰朗考研·张老师扣扣：七七二六、七八、五三七北京理工大学公管考研招生报考统计（育明考博辅导中心)专业招生人数初试科目复试科目120400公共管理2014年10人2015年10人2016年10人包含推免①101思想政治理论②201英语一③635行政管理④871管理学（1）笔试科目:公共政策，政治学（2）面试内容:外语口语听力测试；公共管理及公共政策的基本知识与应用育明·斯泰朗考研·张老师解析：1、北京理工大学公管专业考研的报录比平均在15:1左右，报考北理公管专业报考人数每年约150-200人左右。
在决定考研的那一刻，我已预料到这一年将是怎样的一年，我做好了全身心地准备和精力来应对这一年枯燥、乏味、重复、单调的机械式生活。
可是虽然如此，我实在是一个有血有肉的人呐，面对诱惑和惰性，甚至几次妥协，妥协之后又陷入对自己深深的自责愧疚当中。
这种情绪反反复复，曾几度崩溃。
所以在此想要跟各位讲，心态方面要调整好，不要像我一样使自己陷入极端的情绪当中，这样无论是对自己正常生活还是考研复习都是非常不利的。
所以我想把这一年的经历写下来，用以告慰我在去年饱受折磨的心脏和躯体。
告诉它们今年我终于拿到了心仪学校的录取通知书，你们的付出和忍耐也终于可以扬眉了。
知道自己成功上岸的那一刻心情是极度开心的，所有心酸泪水，一扫而空，只剩下满心欢喜和对未来的向往。
首先非常想对大家讲的是，大家选择考研的这个决定实在是太正确了。
非常鼓励大家做这个决定，手握通知书，对未来充满着信念的现在的我尤其这样认为。
当然不是说除了考研就没有了别的出路。
只不过个人感觉考研这条路走的比较方便，流程也比较清晰。
没有太大的不稳定性，顶多是考上，考不上的问题。
而考得上考不上这个主观能动性太强了，就是说，自己决定自己的前途。
所以下面便是我这一年来积攒的所有干货，希望可以对大家有一点点小小的帮助。
由于想讲的实在比较多，所以篇幅较长，希望大家可以耐心看完。
文章结尾会附上我自己的学习资料，大家可以自取。
北京理工大学工商管理的初试科目为：(101)思想政治理论和(201)英语一(303)数学三和(871)管理学参考书目为：1.高数：同济大学应用数学系主编的《高等数学》（上、下册）（绿色封皮）2.线性代数：同济大学应用数学系主编的《线性代数》（紫色封皮）3.概率：浙江大学编的《概率论与数理统计》（蓝色封皮）4.乔忠《管理学》(第2 版) 机械工业出版社5.周毕文《管理学学习指南》(第二版) 北京理工大学出版社关于考研英语考研英语几乎就是考阅读，做了历年的试卷后我越发觉得如果不能真正的读懂文章，那么阅读题目是很难做对的，而想要读懂这篇文章，主要就是要读懂文章中的长难句，这是需要训练的，真题就是很好的训练素材。
第七章公共政策7.1本章要点■公共政策的概念和特点■公共政策的合法化途径■发挥公共政策的积极社会作用■政策分析的含义和应用背景7.2重难点导学一、公共政策的概念1．什么是公共政策公共政策是管理社会公共事务的基本规定和指导准则，它不仅关系国家意志的表达，而且关系国家意志的执行，对整个国家和社会的发展有着全局性的和方向性的影响。
2．公共政策的基本特点（1）公共政策具有政治性和阶级性。
各国政府均程度不同地参与了政策制定过程，由于国家管理公共事务的社会职能要服从于政治统治即阶级统治的需要，因此，公共政策的政治性实质上就是阶级性。
（2）公共政策具有目的性和方向性。
公共政策表明了国家最高决策者或最高决策集团如何管理社会公共事务的根本看法和基本意向，有明确的目的和方向，往往决定着某个国家或地区在一定历史时期内的发展方向和进程，起着一种“指挥棒”的导向作用。
（3）公共政策具有规定性和规划性。
公共政策本身并不是一种只具有导向作用的法定目标或理想目标，它必须是可执行或可操作的，否则就不能成为政策。
（4）公共政策具有权威性和约束性。
公共政策的制定、形成和颁布有一套规范化和合法化的过程，要求逐级执行和贯彻，因而具有很强的权威性和约束性。
3．公共政策的类型（1）按公共政策的制定过程划分，可分为政治性政策、法律性政策和行政性政策三种。
（2）按制定公共政策的层次划分，可分为中央政策、地方政策两种类型。
①中央政策是党和国家最高决策机关制定的对全国有普遍指导作用的政策，有时也可称为国家政策或宏观政策。
②地方政策是地方党组织和地方决策机关制定的政策，有一定的区域限制和作用范围的限制。
（3）按政策的指导作用划分，可分为基本政策、具体政策和元政策三种类型。
①基本政策是具有全局性的和全面指导性的政策，也可称为总政策。
②具体政策则是为执行基本政策而制定的局部政策或阶段性政策，具有局部的或阶段性的指导作用，也可称为子政策。
③元政策是关于制定政策的政策，和作为总政策的基本政策不同，它只对如何制定政策有指导作用，而不涉及社会公共事务管理的具体内容。
2006年北京理工大学管理与经济学院465行政管理考研真题（含部分答案）北京理工大学2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：行政管理科目代码：465三、解释概念1．行政权答：行政权是国家政权的重要组成部分，即国家行政机关赖以管理国家与社会公共事务、执行国家意志、履行国家行政职能的一种强制力量。
行政权的主要特点包括以下几个方面：（1）行政权力是国家政权的重要组成部分，是统治阶级赖以实现其政治统治，管理国家和社会公共事务的重要工具。
（2）行使国家行政权力的主体是国家行政机关及其工作人员，他们依照宪法、法律和各种行政法规履行国家行政职能，实施各种行政行为。
（3）设置和运用国家行政权力的目的和任务是执行国家意志，履行国家行政职能，管理国家和社会公共事务。
（4）行政权力是一种合法的强制力量，是国家强制力的重要组成部分，它通常以行政法规、政策、计划、决议、命令等为表现形式，通过政府指挥命令系统来实现。
2．行政执行答：行政执行是国家行政机关或公共行政组织的全部执行活动和行政活动过程的统称。
整个行政执行过程是一种非常复杂然而又是井然有序的过程，这一过程主要有下列几方面的特点：依法行政；政策执行；法律和政策原则的具体化和对象化；逐级决策和实施；法律和政策原则的灵活运用。
行政执行的基本原则包括：忠实执行国家政策和法律；保证中央政府的行政领导地位；加强宏观调控能力，简政放权；令出必行、及时高效。
3．职位分类制度答：职位分类制度，即以职位为对象，按照每个职位的工作性质、责任轻重、难易程度以及所需资格条件等标准因素，分为不同类别和等级，为国家公务员各项管理提供依据的一种人事分类制度。
这种分类制度的主要特点是：分类的对象是职位，而不是职位上的人，遵循“因事择人”原则；分类的基本依据是职位的工作性质、责任大小、难易程度及所需资格条件，而不是人的身份、地位和资历；分类的目的是为公务员的各项人事管理工作提供依据，以实现科学的人事管理。
北京理工大学2006年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目代码： 471 科目名称：管理学一、名词解释(每小题4分，共20分)1、战略计划2、分工与协作原则3、全面质量管理4、沟通5、控制二、单项选择题(每小题3分，共30分)1、YSC是一家英国公司，并正在准备上市，该公司擅长找出成功管理者的性格特征及共同点。
他们通过大量调查发现，成功的中小企业家具备的诸多特征中有这样一条：对事对人充满热诚，希望企业改善，满足感在乎对企业进行优越的改变，却不在乎地位及金钱。
这一分析结论令国内一些中小企业家不服，不相信管理层不是以金钱为主要目标。
请问以下哪种说法最能解释这一现象?A．按照马斯洛的理论，人们的需求存在多种层次，金钱对有些人来说需要，对有些人来说不需要。
B．按照赫兹伯格的双因素理论，金钱确实是激励因素，该公司的调查结果有问题。
C．不同的地域文化，不同的经济发展水平，不同的价值观会对不同的人的需求产生不同的影响。
D．国外的一些调查往往和国外的一些理论一样，不适合中国，没有必要盲目借鉴和照搬。
2、张斌的专业是艺术设计，却在公司的生产部门工作。
近来销售部的经理提出把所有印刷品的设计任务都交给张斌来做，包括宣传手册、产品目录、海报，甚至报纸或杂志上的广告。
张斌很想有这样一个发挥自己艺术设计专长的机会。
而他所在的生产部门经理了解到他想离开的想法后说：“你是我们这儿很有价值的一位员工，我想我们肯定能做些什么，让你留下来。
公司有一个大的营销部门并不意味着我的部门就不能做一些专业的营销工作。
我给你一些附带的工作，比如，为我们的产品设计包装，怎么样?这不就能发挥你的艺术特长了吗?”如果你是该公司总经理，刚刚在某高校进修了管理学课程，你会如何看待这件事? A．生产部门经理为了能迎合张斌的喜好，对部门的工作进行一些不太恰当的调整。
B．生产部门经理为了挽留人才，调整部门工作，符合因人设职的管理原则。
C．生产部门经理没有学过马斯洛需要层次论。
北京理工大学2006年Part ⅠReading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part there are four passages for you to read. After each passage there are five questions, below each of whom there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Chouse the best answer and mark the corresponding letter with a pencil on the Machine-Scoring Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneI was introduced to the concept of literacy animator in Oladumi Arigbede's (1994) article on high illiteracy rates among women and school dropout rates among girls. According to Arigbede, literacy animators view their role as assisting in the self-liberating development of people in the world who are struggling for a more meaningful life. Animators are a family of deeply concerned and committed people whose gut-level rejection of mass human pauperization compels them to intervene on the side of the marginalized. Their motivation is not derived from a love of literacy as merely another technical life skill, and they accept that literacy is never culturally or ideologically neutral.Arigbede writes from her experiences as an animator working with women and men in Nigeria. She believes that literacy animators have to make a clear choice about whose culture and whose ideology will be fostered among those with whom they work. Do literacy educators in the United States consider whether the instruction they pursue conflicts with their students' traditional cultures or community, or fosters illiteracies in learners' first or home languages or dialects and. in their orality?Some approaches to literacy instruction represent an ideology of individualism, control, and competition. Consider, for example, the difference in values conveyed and represented when students engage in choral reading versus the practice of having one student read out loud to the group. To identify as a literacy animator is to choose the ideology of "sharing, solidarity, love, equity, co-operation with and respect of both nature and other human beings". Literacy pedagogy that matches the animator ideology works on maintaining the languages and cultures of millions of minority children who at present are being forced to accept the language and culture of the dominant group. It might lead to assessment that examines the performance outcomes of a community of literacy learners and the social significance of their uses of literacy, as opposed to measuring what an individual can do as a reader and writer on a standardized test. Shor (1993) describes literacy animators as problerm-posing, community-based, dialogic educators. Do our teacher-education textbooks on reading and language arts promote the idea that teachers should explore problems from a community-based dialogic perspective?1. A literacy animator is one who ______.A. struggles for a more meaningful lifeB. frees people from poverty and illiteracyC. is committed to marginalize the illiterateD. is concerned with what is behind illiteracy2. The author suggests that literacy educators in the US in a way ______.A. promote students' home languagesB. force students to accept their cultureC. teach nothing but reading and writingD. consider literacy as of non-neutral nature3. Arigbede worked with Nigerians probably to ______.A. teach American customs and ideologyB. make a choice of culture to be fosteredC. reject the values of the dominant classD. help maintain Nigerian language and culture4. According to the author, "choral reading" may represent ______.A. individualismB. collectivismC. competitionD. immersion5. Animator ideology emphasizes more on ______.A. the social function of literacyB. students' performance in testsC. the dominant group's languageD. the attainment of life skillsPassage TwoAccording to one survey of 12, 000 people, about 30 percent of those making New Year's resolutions say they don't even keep them into February. And only about 1 in 5 actually stays on track for six months or more, reports eDiets, com, a consumer diet and fitness Web site.But don't let those odds make you reach for the nearest bag of potato chips. Experts say you can keep those resolutions long term, even if you're struggling now."The motivation comes from within, and so when you find that you're declining in your healthy eating program, and then just ask yourself, 'Is this going to get me the results that I want?'" says Leslie Stewart, a registered dietitian and licensed nutritionist."And if you're doing something every day to eat healthy, then that's going to pay off in the long run."Stewart advises to use what she calls the 90 -10 eating rule."If you're eating healthy 90 percent of the time, then 10 percent of the time, you can cut yourself some slack and eat pleasurably."She says she believes that "healthy eating is evolution instead of resolution."The same principle can be applied to a lagging exercise resolution, too.Staying motivated is key to long-term success, and reviewing original goals can help strengthen a weakening workout program.Adding variety to a fitness regime also can prevent you from hanging up those exercise shoes. After a few weeks of well-intentioned workouts, boredom may be creeping into your routine.Setting goals too high is another common mistake, "If you're not running a marathon at the end of the month, don't worry," said Mayo Clinic experts. A too intense workout—and the resulting pain and stiffness—is discouraging and may force most to abandon a program. Starting slowly is key.But if your goals already have fallen by the wayside, Uria says to start up again immediately."A little setback is OK; get back on the horse and ride... drive toward that goal," he says.6. According to the author, only about 20% people keeping their resolutions does not necessarily mean that ______.A. the figure is rather depressing and unexpected as wellB. those who have made their resolution should give up their effortC. whoever keep their resolutions should start eating potato chipsD. long-term resolutions are not important for those facing troubles7. What is the idea behind the 90-10 eating rule acording to the passage?A. You should keep eating healthy 90% of the time.B. You should feel to eat 10% of the time.C. You should learn to eat healthy gradually.D. Sudden change will be more efficient and effective.8. Which of the following you should avoid to keep yourself interested in exercise?A. Hanging up your exercise shoes if you feel tired.B. Keeping boredom away from your daily activity.C. Making a schedule with too high goals in it.D. Running a marathon at the beginning of the month.9. How many suggestions at least have been introduced concerning the exercise resolution?A. FourB. FiveC. SixD. Seven10. What is critically important in making long-lerm resolutions successful?A. You should be struggling with yourself all the time.B. You should constantly evaluate the results you want.C. You should try to keep yourself motivated.D. You should try your best to diversify your fitness practice.Passage ThreeOur present generation of cultural critics, arriving after the assault of postmodernism and the increasingly widespread commercialization of culture, has been cast adrift, without any firm basis for judgments. Publications and institutions to support serious criticism, in this view, either no longer exist or are few in number.Critics today, it is also claimed, are too cozy behind the ivied walls of academe, content to employ a prose style that is decipherable only to a handful of the cognoscenti. The deadly dive of Uniersity critics into the shallow depths of popular culture, moreover, reveals the unwillingness of these critics to uphold standards. Even if the reasons offered are contradictory, these Jeremiahs huddle around their sad conclusion that serious cultural criticism has fallen into a morass of petty bickering and bloated reputations.Such narratives of declension, a staple of American intellectual life since the time of the Puritans, are misplaced, self-serving, and historically inaccurate, so difficult to prove. Has the level of criticism declined in the last 50 years? Of coarse the logic of such an opinion depends on the figures that are being contrasted with one another. Any number of cultural critics thriving today could be invoked to demonstrate that cultural criticism is alive and well.But many new and thriving venues for criticism and debate exist today, and they are not limited solely t6 the discussion of literary works. Actually, they became so entrusted with their own certitude and political judgments that they beacme largely irrelevant. Today the complaint is that literary culture lacks civility. We live in an age of commercialism and spectacle. Writers seek the limelight, and one way to bask in it is to publish reviews that scorch the landscape, with Dale Peck as the famous, but not a typical case in point. Heidi Julavits, in an essay in The Believer, lamented the downfall of serious fiction and reviewing. She surveyed a literary culture that had embraced "snark", her term for hostile, self-serving reviews.The snark review, according to Julavits, eschews a serious engagement with literature in favor of a sound-bite approach, an attempt to turn the review into a form of entertainment akin to film reviews or restaurant critiques. A critic found cultural criticism to be in "critical condition". For him, the postmodern turn to theory, in its questioning of objectivity, cut the critical, independent ground out from under reviewers. The rise of chain bookstores and blockbuster best sellers demeaned literary culture, making it prey to the commercial values of the market and entertainment.The criticism does not seem discontinuous. Nor should we forget that civility rarely reigned in the circles of New York intellectuals. The art critic Clement Greenberg physically pummeled the theatre critic Lionel Abel after Abel rejected the view that Jean Wahl, the French philosopher, was anti-Semitic. Though Robert Peck has the reputation of a literary hatchet man, so far as I know his blows thus far have all been confined to the printed page.Cultural criticism has certainly changed over the years. The old day's of the critic who wielded unchallenged authority have happily passed. Ours is a more pluralistic age, one not beholden to a narrow literary culture. The democratization of criticism—as in the Amazon system of readers' evaluating books—is a messy affair, as democracy must be. But the solution to the problems of criticism in the present is best not discovered in the musty basements of nostalgia and sentiment for the cultual criticism of a half-century gone. Rather the solution is to recognize, as John Dewey did almost a century ago, that the problems of democracy demand more democracy, less nostalgia for a golden age that never was, and a spirit of openness to what is new and invigorating in our culture.11. What is the possible connection between cultural critics and publications and institutions?A. Cultural critics attack postmodernism and commercialization cherished by publications and institutions.B. Postmodernism and commercialization are attacked by the serious publications and institutions.C. Cultural criticism is short of judgments and will not exist without the support of publications and institutions.D. Publications and institutions show almost no interest in serious cultural criticism.12. How do the university critics like the serious cultural criticism?A. Cultural criticism is not serious enough when the articles are written in the cozy prose style.B. Popular culture is so prevailing that serious critics are not willing to keep to the shallow standards.C. Serious cultural criticism is full of insignificant quarrels and the public do not really trust it.D. Cultural critics have become so serious as to tell the stories imbued with American intellectual Puritanism.13. What is the author's opinion of the current complaint about the literary expansion into the other fields?A. When literary critics discuss issues with political judgments, their views are likely to be meaningless.B. It is reasonable for writers to seek limelight since we are living in the age of commercialism.C. Critics should be encouraged to write and publish poignant articles which would scorch the landscape.D. It is the critics' responsibility to lament the downfall of serious fiction and reviewing.14. What does "the snark review" refer to according to Heidi Julavits?A. Cultural reviews which are unfriendly and selfless.B. Literary reviews avoiding serious criticism.C. Entertainment reviews in the film industry.D. Postmodern reviews independent of objectivity.15. In order to find a way out the current dilemma for the cultunal criticism, the author suggests that ______.A. we should return to the old days when the critics passed their judgments without challengesB. pluralism should be held back, reinforcing the unchallenged authority in the literary criticismC. democriatic criticism should not be adopted because it is rather messy as proved in the Amazon systemD. we should encourage more democracy, dismiss nostalgia and cultivate an open attitudePassage FourIn July, almost unnoticed by the national press, a deadly bird virus arrived on a pheasant farm in Surrey. Experts from the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) identified Newcastle disease, a virus usually mortal to turkeys and geese but not humans, in a flock of 9,000 pheasant chicks imported from France ahead of the shooting season.Within hours of the diagnosis, veterinary experts had swung into action, throwing up a 3km exclusion zone around the farm near Cobham and culling 10,000 birds. The carcasses were burned and premises cleaned to stop the virus escaping. It was four weeks before Defra's Veterinary Exotic Diseases Division felt it was safe for poultry move virus has reached Turkey, similar emergency plans are being readied by officials from Defra and other agencies. The scenario they are preparing for is that the H5Nlvirns, which so far has led to the culling of billions of chickens in south-east Asia and 60 human deaths, will soon arrive on these shores.What happens next depends on where the outbreak occurs, whether it can be contained, and most important of all—whether it mutates to become infectious between people. So far, only poultry workers or those directly exposed to chicken faeces or blood are thought to be at risk, though direct human-to-human transmission cannot be ruled out."Every time a new person gets infected with the virus there is a small chance that person will trigger a pandemic," said Neil Ferguson, a scientist at Imperial College, who has been running simulations on what might happen were H5N1 to reach Britain. "It's a very small chance, probably 1 in a 1,000, 1 in 10,00O or less."Should diseased birds reach Britain, the first step for veterinary officials would be to contain the outbreak as they did with Newcastle disease. An amber alert would be sounded and samples sent to the Veterinary Laboratory Agency (VLA) in Weybridge, Surrey. If lan Brown, the head of avian virology, there, confirms the cause of death as HSN1, the alert level will be raised to red and a whole series of emergency procedures, from quarantine,restriction of poultry movements to culling, will swing into action. Other agencies, such as the Department of Health—the Health Protection Agency and the Ministry of Defence, would be brought into the loop. In the event that the outbreak cannot be contained, Defra may have to consider mass culling programmes and the possibility of vaccination.At this point, with the risk of the virus spreading to human populations, the Department of Health would appoint a UK national influenza pandemic committee to coordinate the response of hospital trusts and local authorities. The Civil Contingency Secretariat (CCS) of the Cabinet will also be alerted and Cobra, the emergency committee which coordinates Whitehall's response to terrorism, readied for a possible breakdown in civil order.The Department of Health's pandemic preparedness plan published in March envisages as many as 54,000 Britons dying in the first few months of a flu pandemic. But in June, CCS officials warned that that could be an underestimate. The more likely figure, they said, was 700,000—a projection the Department of Health is expected to take on board when it updates its pandemic plan later this month.In the most serious case, officials estimate there would be as many death sin the 12 weeks of an epidemic as there usually are in a year. At the peak of the pandemic, 19,000 people would require hospital beds, prompting councils to requisition schools to accommodate the sick.To treat the dying, the government would begin drawing down its stockpiles of Tamiflu (药名), an anti-viral drug that treats flu. But with only 14m courses, enough for a quarter of the population, likely to be available, sooner or later rationing would have to be imposed, with health professionals and essential civil servants the first in line. The govenment would also come under pressure to release stores of its precious flu vaccine. At present there are contingency plans for just two to three million doses. But there is no guarantee that vaccines which protect against annual human flu strains will also work against H5N1.The consequences hardly bear thinking about. Earlier this year, in a dress rehearsal in the East Midlands codenames Operation Arctic Circle, officials quickly concluded that mass mortuaries would be needed to bury the dead. But no one knows whether, in the event of a pandemic, any of these measures will prove effective. John Avizienius, senior scientific officer at the RSPCA and a member of Defra's avian influenza stakeholder group, said: "All you can do is plan for the worst case scenario."The fear is that wild geese moving from western China to Siberia may have spread the virus to several species of ducks and gulls that briefly visit British shores on their annual migration north. These ducks, many of which may not show signs of illness, may be passing on the virus to poultry on British farms.In the hope that they are not, Defra and the Wildfowl and Wetland announced last week that they would be conducting tests on 11,000 wild birds—three times the normal level. "The risk of avian influenza spreading from eastern Russia to the UK via migrating birds is still low," said Defra's chief vet, Debby Reynolds. "However, we have said all along that we must remain on the look out."16. What does the "scenario" in Para. 2 mean to Turkey?A. Turkey will be exposed to the nationwide aggression of the deadly virus as the most severely attacked country on these shores.B. Turkey must kill billions of chicken and other kinds of poultry.C. Turkey has to be responsible for the arrival of HSN1 on these shores.D. All the veterinary experts in Turkey will soon swing into action.17. What is, according to Nell Ferguson, the possible risk of bird flu if one gets infected?A. Anyone's infection will trigger pandemic though it is probably one in ten thousand.B. That each time a person gets infected with the virus will cause an enormous pandemic bird-flu.C. The person infected with the virus will do great harm to people around him.D. It is impossible that the virus infection of a certain person will cause a national bird virus spreading.18. The change of alert colors from amber to red implies that ______.A. all poultry workers must leave their working places as soon as possible.B. the officials in the Department of Health must call for much more of international assistance.C. the most serious situation of bird-flu has appeared.D. the change of the color functions greatly as the weather reports do.19. What are the steps taken by the Department of Health of UK with the risk of the virus spreading to human population?A. The Department of Health required Civil Contingency Secretariat to publish documents for the pandemic preparedness.B. The Department of Health required the UK national committee to co-work with hospital trusts and local authorities.C. The Department of Health required Civil Contingency Secretariat to make a pandemic plan as soon as possible.D. The Department of Health requires every hospital to store Tamiflu, the precious flu vaccine.20. British government's fear of the wild geese from western China to Siberia is due to ______.A. the domestic ducks and gulls infected by the imported geese to Britain.B. the poultry on British farms has been infected by the immigrated wide geese.C. the migration of the wild geese every winter.D. British shores infected by the geese virus.Part ⅡTranslation (40 points)Part A Translate the following short paragraphs into Chinese. (20 points)21. Everyone has something they are ashamed of, afraid of or that they feel guilty about. Each of us, in our own way, has devised a neat little method of handling our dark side. We may know how to hide it. Few of us know how to heal it. When we refuse to admit what we have done in the past, we block out path to the future. No matter how terrible we think we are, how bad we belive we have been, how law we think we have fallen, we can clean our minds and begin again.22. We expend so much energy trying to fix who we are, we rarely get to know ourselves. If we realized how precious the gist of life is, we would not waste a moment trying to improve it. If we really understood how precious we are to the gift of life, we would not waste time trying to fix ourselves.23. We cannot draw to us more than we believe we are worth. Everything that happens to us and every choice we make is a reflection of what we believe about who we are. Our inspiration comes from our self-acceptance. Our motivation comes from our self-reliance. When we accept ourselves and rely on ourselves, we feel good about ourselves. When you feel good about something, you believe in it. When you believe in it, it will work for you!24. It is of little consequence what your past has been. What matters to you and for you is right now. It is not your concern what others may be saying or doing. When you are taking care of yourself, you have very little time to pay attention to others. People can love you or hate you, ignore you or dote on your every word. No matter what anyone else may think or do or say, it has very little impact on who you really are. It is only in your mind that you build or destroy the esteem for your "self". Selfesteem begins and ends with you. When you have it, you have it and no one can take it away from you.Part B Translate the following paragraph into English.现在，成千上万的美国人沉湎于对身材苗条的追求之中。
北理工《管理学》在线作业一、单选题：1.（单选题）无形资源的管理取决于()。
(满分A人的因素B物质因素C组织结构D技术因素正确:A2.（单选题）新港造船厂有两位车间主任，上班提前到岗，下班后工人都走了，他们还逐一熄灯，关门，起早贪黑，活没少干，但任职的管理工作却不够理想。
厂长王业震将他们免职，有人提出异议，王厂长却说：“这样的同志可以当组长、工长、甚至劳动模范，却不能当称职的车间主任。
”这说明() (满分 A管理者精力是有限的，一般不应再兼任作业工作B对中、高层管理者，更需强调考核其概念技能C王厂长对领导干部要求过高，求全责备具有的管理素质D两位主任被撤职，可能是缺乏技术技能与人际技能正确:B3.（单选题）一位在政府职能部门多年从事管理工作的中年管理者新近刚被任命为某研究所的所长。
面对陌生的学科专业和资深的研究人员，该所长感到有点无从下手。
如果要就他如何有效地开展新工作提出原则性建议，你的首选是：()。
(满分A明确各研究人员的研究目标与任务，实行责权利挂钩考核制度B充分尊重专家，努力将研究人员的个人兴趣与组织发展目标协同起来。
C充分尊重专家，按专家意见办，全力做好支持服务工作。
D在研究人员的研究兴趣和专长的基础上生成组织目标。
正确:B4.（单选题）在管理中，决策是()。
(满分A高层管理人员所承当的任务B高层和中层管理人员承担的任务C高层主管和参谋人员所承当的任务D每一个管理人员都可能要从事的活动正确:5.（单选题）田力是某大型企业集团的总裁助理，年富力强，在助理岗位上工作得十分出色。
他最近被任命为集团销售总公司的总经理，从而由一个参谋性人员变成了独立部门的负责人。
下面是田力最近参与的几项活动，你认为这其中哪一项几乎与他的领导职能无关？()。
(满分A向下属传达他对销售工作目标的认识B与某用户谈判以期达成一项长期销售协议C召集各地分公司经理讨论和协调销售计划的落实情况D召集公司有关部门的职能人员开联谊会，鼓励他们克服难关正确:6.（单选题）在直线职能结构中()。
北京理⼯⼤学管理学⽹课课后练习题答案整理第⼀章管理的基本概念1.管理学是⼀门软科学,⼈们对"管理"⼀词本⾝也有不同的理解.这⾥有两种不甚规范但耐⼈寻味的解释:⼀种是"管理就是你不管,下属就不理你";另⼀种解释是"管理就是先理(梳理)然后才能管".对这两种解释,你的看法是:选择⼀项：a. 两种解释都⽚⾯地强调了管理⼯作中的控制职能,只是思考和表达⾓度不同⽽已。
正确b. 前者可应⽤于基层管理,后者可应⽤于⾼层管理。
c. 前者代表了典型的集权倾向,后者反映出⼀种民主的⽓氛。
d. 后⼀种更科学,因为强调了"理",但也有不妥,似乎"理"好了,就不需要管了。
2.关于管理的应⽤范围，⼈们的认识不同，你认为以下说法哪⼀个最好？选择⼀项：a. 只适⽤于政府部门b. 只适⽤于⾮盈利性组织c. 普遍适⽤于各类组织正确d. 只适⽤于盈利性组织3.某技术专家，原来从事专业⼯作，业务专精，绩效显著，近来被提拔到所在科室负责⼈的岗位。
随着⼯作性质的转变，他今后应当注意把⾃⼰的⼯作重点调整到：选择⼀项：a. 重点仍以技术⼯作为主，以⾃⾝为榜样带动下级。
b. 以抓管理⼯作为主，同时参与部分技术⼯作，以增强与下级的沟通和理解。
正确c. 在抓好技术⼯作的同时，做好管理⼯作。
d. 放弃技术⼯作，全⼒以赴，抓好管理和领导⼯作。
4.以下哪个选项不属于明茨伯格管理者⾓⾊理论中的三⼤类管理者⾓⾊？选择⼀项：a. 决策型b. 战略制定型正确c. 信息型d. ⼈际关系型5. 管理具有两重性，分别是管理的⾃然属性和管理的 ( )选择⼀项：a. 政治属性b. 历史属性c. ⽂化属性d. 社会属性正确6.管理者必须因地制宜地将管理知识与具体管理活动相结合，这⾥强调的是选择⼀项：a. 管理的艺术性正确b. 管理的社会性c. 管理的科学性d. 管理的实践性反馈7.管理⼈员与⼀般⼯作⼈员的根本区别在于选择⼀项：a. 需要从事具体的⽂件签发审阅⼯作。
北京理工大学2006年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目代码： 471 科目名称：管理学一、名词解释(每小题4分，共20分)1、战略计划2、分工与协作原则3、全面质量管理4、沟通5、控制二、单项选择题(每小题3分，共30分)1、YSC是一家英国公司，并正在准备上市，该公司擅长找出成功管理者的性格特征及共同点。
他们通过大量调查发现，成功的中小企业家具备的诸多特征中有这样一条：对事对人充满热诚，希望企业改善，满足感在乎对企业进行优越的改变，却不在乎地位及金钱。
这一分析结论令国内一些中小企业家不服，不相信管理层不是以金钱为主要目标。
请问以下哪种说法最能解释这一现象?A．按照马斯洛的理论，人们的需求存在多种层次，金钱对有些人来说需要，对有些人来说不需要。
B．按照赫兹伯格的双因素理论，金钱确实是激励因素，该公司的调查结果有问题。
C．不同的地域文化，不同的经济发展水平，不同的价值观会对不同的人的需求产生不同的影响。
D．国外的一些调查往往和国外的一些理论一样，不适合中国，没有必要盲目借鉴和照搬。
2、张斌的专业是艺术设计，却在公司的生产部门工作。
近来销售部的经理提出把所有印刷品的设计任务都交给张斌来做，包括宣传手册、产品目录、海报，甚至报纸或杂志上的广告。
张斌很想有这样一个发挥自己艺术设计专长的机会。
而他所在的生产部门经理了解到他想离开的想法后说：“你是我们这儿很有价值的一位员工，我想我们肯定能做些什么，让你留下来。
公司有一个大的营销部门并不意味着我的部门就不能做一些专业的营销工作。
我给你一些附带的工作，比如，为我们的产品设计包装，怎么样?这不就能发挥你的艺术特长了吗?”如果你是该公司总经理，刚刚在某高校进修了管理学课程，你会如何看待这件事? A．生产部门经理为了能迎合张斌的喜好，对部门的工作进行一些不太恰当的调整。
B．生产部门经理为了挽留人才，调整部门工作，符合因人设职的管理原则。
C．生产部门经理没有学过马斯洛需要层次论。
北京理工大学2006年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目代码： 471 科目名称：管理学一、名词解释(每小题4分，共20分)1、战略计划2、分工与协作原则3、全面质量管理4、沟通5、控制二、单项选择题(每小题3分，共30分)1、YSC是一家英国公司，并正在准备上市，该公司擅长找出成功管理者的性格特征及共同点。
他们通过大量调查发现，成功的中小企业家具备的诸多特征中有这样一条：对事对人充满热诚，希望企业改善，满足感在乎对企业进行优越的改变，却不在乎地位及金钱。
这一分析结论令国内一些中小企业家不服，不相信管理层不是以金钱为主要目标。
请问以下哪种说法最能解释这一现象?A．按照马斯洛的理论，人们的需求存在多种层次，金钱对有些人来说需要，对有些人来说不需要。
B．按照赫兹伯格的双因素理论，金钱确实是激励因素，该公司的调查结果有问题。
C．不同的地域文化，不同的经济发展水平，不同的价值观会对不同的人的需求产生不同的影响。
D．国外的一些调查往往和国外的一些理论一样，不适合中国，没有必要盲目借鉴和照搬。
2、张斌的专业是艺术设计，却在公司的生产部门工作。
近来销售部的经理提出把所有印刷品的设计任务都交给张斌来做，包括宣传手册、产品目录、海报，甚至报纸或杂志上的广告。
张斌很想有这样一个发挥自己艺术设计专长的机会。
而他所在的生产部门经理了解到他想离开的想法后说：“你是我们这儿很有价值的一位员工，我想我们肯定能做些什么，让你留下来。
公司有一个大的营销部门并不意味着我的部门就不能做一些专业的营销工作。
我给你一些附带的工作，比如，为我们的产品设计包装，怎么样?这不就能发挥你的艺术特长了吗?”如果你是该公司总经理，刚刚在某高校进修了管理学课程，你会如何看待这件事? A．生产部门经理为了能迎合张斌的喜好，对部门的工作进行一些不太恰当的调整。
B．生产部门经理为了挽留人才，调整部门工作，符合因人设职的管理原则。
C．生产部门经理没有学过马斯洛需要层次论。
D．呆不了多长时间，张斌一定会因为不满意而离开的。
3、国际上的实践证明，项目管理是一种先进、高效的管理模式。
目前项目管理正在被国内企业界所引进，许多人认为这一管理模式应该是全新的理念和全新的组织结构形式的结合。
但实际上并非如此，其组织结构形式就是我们所熟悉的，请问是以下哪一种?A．矩阵制 B．职能型C．事业部制 D．网络型4、格拉斯·麦格雷在麻省理工学院任教时提出了著名的X理论和Y理论，并相信Y理论假设最恰当地抓住了人的本质，对管理实践具有指导意义。
然而，其在后来担任安蒂奥什学院院长的6年中却认识到这一哲学未能符合组织生活的现实，并深有感触地发表演讲。
但当麦格雷戈重返麻省理工学院任教后，却又开始为他的人性学说布道，直到去世。
如果了解这一史实，你将如何看待X理论和Y理论?A．X理论和Y理论经不起实践检验，没有任何意义。
B．麦格雷戈在再次任教后，一定会对X理论和Y理论有更深的感悟。
C．学者和管理者之间有分歧，是正常的，不足为奇。
D．X理论和Y理论尽管在实践中存在不足之处，但仍然具有学习价值。
5、你手下的一位属员不断给你造成许多的麻烦。
她一直没精打彩的，只有在你不断推动下才勉强完成任务。
然而，最近你感到发生了变化。
她的工作表现改善了，你也越来越少提醒她按时完成任务。
她甚至还提出了改进其工作绩效的若干建议。
此时，你应当如何做? A．继续指导和严密监督她的工作。
B．继续监督她的工作，但听取她的建议并且采纳那些合理的建议。
C．采纳她的建议，并支持她的想法。
D．让她对自己的工作承担起责任。
6、有两个企业在机构精简后，单位对下岗职工采取了不同的做法，前者采用连续三年向下岗者每年一次性发放失业保障金4000元，全部由职工自己支配，企业不再过问。
后者对下岗者的失业保障金酌减发放，每人每年3500元，其余500元留做下岗职工的培训费，定期组织培训，为职工的再就业创造条件，对此种做法，可以认为：A．前者更重视下岗职工的生理需要，后者更重视其安全需要。
B．前者更重视物质需要，后者更重视其精神需要。
C．前者是简单式管理，后者是任务式管理。
D．由于失业保障金数量相同，不管如何使用，其效果是一样的。
7、群体的冲突是指组织、群体、个人之间所发生的具有对抗性质的相互交往的行为。
这种冲突带有普遍性，解决的方式也是多种多样。
一般认为：若冲突本身是枝节问题，而且彻底解决冲突会产生严重的副作用时，应当采取最合适的解决冲突的方法是：A．采用中庸的方法。
各打五十大板双方都作出一定让步(妥协型)。
B．君让为怀，息事宁人，需求己方作出一定退让(体谅型)。
C．坚持斗争，分清是非，压倒对方(竞争型)。
D．淡化、掩盖双方矛盾，不激化冲突(回避型)。
8、王总近日来总是愁眉不展，公司内各个部门之间经常发生冲突，各部门领导经常找他要么抱怨、要么诉苦、要么请他出面替他们与其他部门协商问题。
因而使他在协调各部门的关系上耗费了许多时间和精力。
经过长时间的思考，他发现造成这种状况的根本原因是各部门的目标之间经常发生矛盾。
这一现象反映了下列目标的哪种属性?A．目标的层次性B．目标的可分解性C．目标的多样性D．目标是一个网络体系9、一家家电生产企业向市场上提供了一种新型的可以清除房屋内空气污染的空气清新机，为了赢得市场公司做了精心的策划工作，同时也准备根据市场反馈情况及时调整有关部门的经营策略，如价格策略、宣传策略等。
对此，你认为下列哪一项措施最有利于改进空气清新机销售业绩反馈控制?A．加强原材料的进货检验。
B．提高公司对新产品销售变动影响因素的分析能力。
C．改进销售公司的通讯条件。
D．加强销售宣传工作。
10、一家企业的生产和采购业务由个人负责，并且此主管人员与企业的总经理有密切的私人关系。
此主管因为采购的质量以及生产过程的质量问题，经常与负责主管质量的负责人进行争吵，而且争吵是在下属面前进行的。
最近一个时期随着产量和销售量的增加，消费者有关质量的投诉越来越多。
假如你是这个企业的总经理，你如何处理这件事情：A．召开大会，强调质量的重要性，并实施重奖重罚的新制度。
B．撤消老的质量主管，重新任命新的质量主管。
C．由上级主管出面，弄清负责人之间争吵原因，分清是非。
D．排除干扰，要从组织结构设计入手，进行重新组织、整合。
三、简答题(每题10分，共40分)1、简述什么是非正式组织，其优点和缺点分别是什么?2、简述社会人假设及其基本内容。
3、简述有效团队的基本特征。
4、简述激励的含义及其激励形成应把握的要点。
四、案例分析题(共20分)新新公司的组织变革新新公司在国内是一家很有规模的广告公司，最初是从国内的一个沿海城市起家的。
在创建初期该公司总部设在远离市区的开发区内，为了业务开拓上的方便它们在市区内设立了一个业务部和一个广告设计部，其中业务部负责联系业务、调查客户的基本需求，开展商务谈判等等，然后他们会将接获的广告业务交给广告设计部去设计。
广告设计部除了听从业务部在具体业务内容上的指示以外，也需要直接与客户打交道，听取他们的意见和建议以及获得他们对于设计的认可，但是在与客户打交道的过程中，他们经常发现业务部的一些指示与客户的实际要求出入很大。
因此，两个部门经常发生矛盾，甚至经常需要公司总经理亲自出面才能够解决。
为此，公司在总部又专门设立了一个市场研究部，专门从事市场信息收集和顾客想法的收集工作。
但是运行了一段时间以后，新成立的市场研究部受到了另外两个部的许多指责，认为市场研究部收集的信息全是垃圾，不但对他们的工作没有帮助而且带来了许多误导。
市场研究部总则抱怨说这不能怪他们，是客户的问题，因为客户经常是：“说要的不是真正想要的，想要的不是他们真正需要的”。
结果该公司的第一次组织变革失败了。
随后公司撤销了市场研究部，并且投资在市区买了一栋小楼，然后就将总部和业务部与设计部都搬迁到了新的地址。
这样一来原有的业务部和设计部因为可以直接由公司总经理“面授机宜’’和通过会议进行协调，效率大大提高。
公司的业务有了一个很大的发展，公司的效益也大幅提高。
在后来将近3年的高速长期之中，公司又先后成立了专门的财务部、总务部、客户关系部、媒体协作部等部门，但是随着公司业务的发展总经理越来越感到公司的组织结构存在问题，因为经常会出现客户抱怨他们不知道应该找哪个部门去处理他们的广告项目中出现的各种问题。
而且还出现了公司的业务越多，需要协调的问题就越严重，公司总经理不得不经常停下许多工作去解决各部门之间发生的冲突。
对此，公司总经理认为主要是他手下各部门的主管不太懂得现代管理知识，跟不上形势造成的，但是由于他们都是公司创业的元老，既有功劳又有苦劳，实在不好将他们撤换掉，所以公司总经理一直找不到很好的解决办法。
后来公司总经理专门找人研究了一些国外现代化广告公司的经营与管理，研究人员告诉他国外的广告公司有一种组织管理体制叫做“广告客户经理制(Ad Accoun't Manager)”，总经理认为这是个好办法，于是就在自己的公司当中任命了一批广告客户经理，并让他们每个人专门负责几个客户的广告业务。
开始大家对这种办法觉得很新鲜也很支持，所以推行的不错。
但是过了一段之后，这些广告客户经理相继找总经理提出了辞职，他们的主要理由是各个部门的主管不支持他们的工作，他们几乎是“光杆司令’’没有什么资源可用，而且他们在为客户服务中很难协调各部门所管辖的业务，而客户却将全部抱怨都发在他们身上，所以没法干了。
同时，各个部门的主管也不断地向总经理抱怨说那些广告客户经理们经常不通过他们就找他们的部下去干活，弄的他们对于部下的控制受到了削弱，而且本部门的许多工作出现无序状态。
对此，总经理又束手无策了，他实在想不通究竟是什么地方出了毛病，最终该公司的第二次组织变革又陷入了困境。
问题：如果请你为这家广告公司做管理咨询，请找出该公司两次组织变革中的问题，并分析说明产生问题的原因，同时列出你的解决措施。
五、计算题(每题10分，共20分)1、某工程需要十一道工序ABCDEFGHIJK才能完成，各工序所需时间(天)标于网络图中，要求(1)计算工程完工的工期(要有计算过程)；(2)写出关键路线：(3)如果I工序增加到5天，是否可按前面计算的工期完工(如不是，现在完成工期为多少天)?2、某企业在投产新产品和按老产品生产两种方案中拟做出选择。
按老产赢继续进行生产，市场稳定，每年可获利润20万元。
投产新产品需投资100万元。
两个方案的产品生产期均按10年计算。
市场调查表明，新产品生产面临市场好和坏两种情况，前3年销路好的概率为0.6时，后7年销路好的概率可提高到0.8：当前3年销路差的概率为0.4时，后7年销路好的概率为0.4。
新产品生产在市场好时每年可获利润40万元，在市场差时每年可获利润10万元。
