下载文档原格式
非谓语动词知识梳理1. 非谓语动词的概念非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
2. 非谓语的解题方法与思路☆判断所填动词是谓语与还是非谓语判断方法：▲检查是否有连接词（引导词）。
如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
☛ Having been scolded for an hour by his teacher, the boy felt depressed.▲在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词。
☛ In part of Asia, you mustn't sit with your feet pointing at another person.▲在drive / leave / keep / make / have / let / get / find / hear，等使役动词或感官动词后面作宾语补足语时，也可能用非谓语动词。
☛ Having some clothes to wash, I can't join you to watch the movie.☆定语态如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用V-ing形式；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般用V-ed形式。
☆定时态如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式to have done/to have been done/having done/having been done；否则我们要用非谓语的一般式to do/to be done/doing/being done。
易错知识点1. 动词不定式的误用动词不定式在句中可以作主语，宾语，补语，表语，状语和定语。
高考英语语法非谓语动词归纳总结一、单项选择非谓语动词1．With the homework _______, the students can go to have a picnic.A．being done B．doneC．doing D．to do【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：做完作业后，学生们就可以去野餐了。
此处是with的复合结构，homework和动词do是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，指作业被做，过去分词在句中作宾补。
故选B。
【名师点睛】with复合结构“with复合结构”也是独立主格结构的一种，同样十分重要。
在句中表示“原因，结果，伴随，方式”等情况。
(1)with + 宾语 + 形容词The children were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open. （表伴随）(2)with + 宾语 + 介词短语The old man used to take a walk with a stick in his hand. （表方式）(3)with + 宾语 + 副词The proud girl walked away with her head up. （表方式）(4)with + 宾语 + 现在分词Mary felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her. （表原因）(5)with + 宾语 + 过去分词If you sit looking away from a person, or with your back turned, you are saying you are not interested in that person. （表方式）本题就是考查此结构，homework和动词do是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，指作业被做，过去分词在句中作宾补。
(6)with + 宾语 + 不定式With too much work to do the next day, he felt anxious and didn’t sleep well. （表原因）一般说来，with 复合结构放在句末多表示伴随状况；若放在句首，则多表示“原因”或“条件”，例如：With her mother away from home, the little girl felt lonely. 由于她妈妈不在家，这个女孩感到很孤单。
高考英语短文改错十大常见错误短文改错是有一定的规律可循的，纵观近几年的高考试题及我们平常的模拟考试，可以发现短文改错主要有以下十大错误：1.形容词与副词的误用。
如exciting与excited，hard与hardly，possible与possibly，here 与there等，以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。
2.名词的单复数误用。
如在several，many，various，different，afew，oneof等之后，常用名词的复数，在every与each之后常用单数。
3.代词的误用。
如you与your，it’s与its，it与they或them，one与ones，宾格(如me)与反身代词(如myself)等的误用。
4.介词的误用、缺少或多余。
常见的如in与on，to与for，instead与insteadof，because 与becauseof等的误用。
5.时态的错误。
看一篇文章，要有一种大局观，要上前下挂，看看上下文的时态是否一致。
6.连词的误用。
如or与and的误用，and与but的误用，so与but的误用，because或since与so连用，though与but连用等。
7.第三人称单数后的动词形式。
8.一些固定结构的误用。
如so.。
that被误用作very.。
that，too.。
to被误用very.。
to，as.。
as被误作so.。
as等。
9.定语从句中，which，that，when，where等混淆不清。
10.一些常用词，如what与how，except与besides，any与some以及它们的合成词如any-thing与something，anywhere与somewhere等混淆不清。
2高考英语短文改错命题规律(一)上下文语义矛盾通过对近年改错部分的分析，发现出现错误率的频率最高的就是上下文语义矛盾这一项，上下文语义矛盾，也就是说，根据上文的内容，紧接下来的部分应该是肯定意义，结果原文却用了否定;反之，根据上下文的连贯关系，下文本该用否定却用了肯定。
高考英语易错题专题三非谓语动词( 含分析 ) 含分析一、单项选择非谓语动词1．The message is very important, so it is supposed _______ as soon as possible.A． to be sent【答案】 A【分析】【详解】B． to send C． being sent D． sending观察固定搭配。
句意：这则信息特别重要，所以它应当被赶快地传达到。
be supposed to do sth.表示“理应做某事”，是习惯搭配，并且send 和 the message 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故使用被动语态形式。
应选A。
2．The island, _____ to the mainland by a new bridge, is much easier to visit.A． joining B．having joinedC． joined D．to join【答案】 C【分析】观察非谓语动词。
句意：这个岛，经过一座新桥与大陆连结，更简单来访。
此处的非谓语动词是用来做后置定语的， the island 与 join 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。
应选 C。
3．Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech at the conference, _________ university graduates to start their own business.A． encouraging C． having encouraged 【答案】 A B．to encourage D． encouraged【分析】非谓语动词构造作非限制的后置定语，修饰先行词演说（“a speech）”。
动词鼓舞（“encourage）”与先行词组成主动关系，且为进行动作，所以用此刻分词进行形式。
此刻分词进行： doing 句意：李克强总理在会上发布了一个演说，鼓舞大学毕业生创建自己的公司。
第二讲非谓语动词一、改正下列句子中的唯一错误：1.For the whole afternoon they sang and danced happily without think about their schoolwork.【答案】.think→thinking【解析】without为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
故将think改为thinking。
2.Having something to do on the train,I couldn't help think about the scene of leaving and felt terribly sorry.【答案】.think→thinking【解析】couldn't help doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“情不自禁做某事”，故将think改为thinking。
3.With my eyes filling with tears,I came into Mr. Li's office.【答案】.filling→filled【解析】此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，fill与宾语eyes之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补4.In regard to protect the environment,we have many things to do.【答案】.protect→protecting【解析】in regard to意为“关于……”，其中to是介词，其后接名词或动名词。
故将protect改为protecting5.Saw the 18 candles burning,I couldn't keep back my tears.【答案】.Saw→Seeing【解析】see在句中作状语，与主语之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
6.We finally realized it isn't easy to being a teacher .【答案】.being→be【解析】it is+adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”，it充当形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语，to后加动词原形7.I am interested in your culture and want know more about it.【答案】.在want后加to【解析】want to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”。
英语作文有关非谓语动词3种错误写法英语作文有关非谓语动词3种错误写法摘要：非谓语动词包括动名词、动词不定式和分词结构。
它们的使用，能够极大地丰富句式，避免单一的结构重复出现，以免作文显得过于单调，也能使句式更为精炼和简洁。
很多考生随着英语水平的提高，在作文中采用非谓语动词的表达形式的频率也越来越高，但是在使用过程中却出现了一些错误的写法。
下面给大家列举出很多考生在使用非谓语动词写作时常常出现的三种不恰当的写法，在平时的练习时要注意规避！(一)动名词复合结构主谓一致错误单个动名词短语作主语，谓语应该用单数形式。
尤其当动名词本身有名词作宾语时，大家一定要注意切不可把该名词的`单复数和谓语的单复数混为一谈。
例：买衣服通常是一项耗时间的工作，因为一个人喜欢的衣服未必适合她/他自己。
[误]Buying clothes are often a time-consuming job because the clothes that a person likes are not necessarily the ones that fit him or her。
[正]Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because the clothes that a person likes are not necessarily the ones that fit him or her。
[分析]该句话的主语是动名词复合结构“buying clothes”，单个动名词短语作主语，谓语应该用单数形式。
(二)独立主格结构分词形式使用错误独立主格结构中都带有相应的逻辑主语，分词的选择需要把握清楚分词和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系。
例：随着独生子女家庭成为主要的家庭形式，父母试图给孩子一种近乎完美的保护。
[误]With one-child family been the dominant pattern ofhousehold，parents attempt to give a perfect shelter to their children。
专题03 短文改错高频考点TOP 3 非谓语动词考点一语句中多出谓语动词（多半是以动词原形出现），且与逻辑主语是主谓关系，应用现在分词（此处应与情态动词和使役动词的用法区别记忆）非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义现在分词/动名词一般式doing being done其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成式having done having been done其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生【点津】现在分词状语常置于句尾，习惯用逗号隔开，所以通常情况下讲逗号后面的动词应该用-ing形式。
1)We should not leave the tap water run or waste any materials in the laboratory class.【答案】run改为running【解析】使役动词leave的用法，leave sth. doing，应为主动形式2)Shake her head，she said，“It isn‘t a good time to do that，dear.”【答案】Shake 改为Shaking【解析】现在分词表伴随考点二动词原型构成的祈使句和现在分词短语用作句子的主语混淆非谓语动词，顾名思义，它不是谓语，也就是说句子里另有谓语。
祈使句，前面用作原型的动词就是谓语，句子里其它地方没有谓语了。
这就是最大的区别！Put（谓语）your creative juices（宾语）to good use by trying to bring out the poet in you（状语）。
put是谓语，变成动名词putting的话，句子就没有谓语了！下一句也是如此，and前后是并列关系，两个make分别是分句的谓语，换成making，前半句就没谓语了。
Driving in downtown area(主语）requires（谓语）higher attention（宾语）.后面有谓语，前面的动词就不能用原形，要变成动名词形式的非谓语。
高考英语非谓语动词用法总结（完整）一、单项选择非谓语动词1. The project, _ by the end of 2033, will expand the city ' s telephone network to cover2,000,000 users.A. being accomplishedB. accomplishedC. to be accomplishedD. having been accomplished【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词。
本句中名词the project与动词accomplish构成被动关系，同时因为2033是将来的时间，所以使用不定式的被动语态做定语修饰the project o A项是现在分词的被动形式，表示正在被做，B项是过去分词，表示被动和已经完成。
句意：到2033年底要被完成的这个计划将会把城市电话网络扩大到覆盖2百万用户。
故C正确。
考点：考察非谓语动词2. ________ （湖南）There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, at the ni ght sky.A. to stareB. staringC. staredD. having stared【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词用法。
句中的动词stare的逻辑主语是隐含主语I,两者之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。
句意：没有比背躺在草地中间，盯着夜空更快乐的事情了。
故B正确。
考点：考查非谓语动词用法3. （江苏）Around 13,500 new jobs were created duri ng the period, _____ the expectednu mber of 12,000 held by market an alysts.A. having exceededB. to exceedC. exceededD. exceeding【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。
英语改错题常见错误归纳和分析【摘要】改错题是遵义市英语中考的必考题型，共计8分。
它对考生的语言综合知识运用进行全面考查，由于面广、语境设置强，致使考生丢分率高。
为了取得理想的成绩，加强对复习策略的指导是很有必要的。
本文结合《课程标准》、《考试说明》和自己多年的教学实际，从十二个方面进行常见错误归纳和分析。
【关键词】中考；改错题；归纳；分析一、非谓语动词错误非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词、动名词3种形式。
动词不定式在句中主要作宾语、宾语补足语、主语、定语或状语；分词指现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表动作正在进行，过去分词表被动；动名词主要用在介词和某些特殊动词之后，如：（1）Jim and his parents enjoy live in China very much.「分析」live改为living，living是动名词，作动词enjoy的宾语。
（2）I don’t know how spelling the word .「分析」spelling改为to spell，疑问词+ to do sth.作动词know 的宾语。
二、句法错误1、并列连词的混用。
并列连词常用的主要有：and，but，while，or，either…or…，so，for 等。
如：（1）He has been to many interesting places in Beijing，and he has not yet been to many other parts of China.「分析」根据行文逻辑，表示并列关系的and 应改为表示转折关系的but.（2）Do it yourself but ask somebody else to do it.「分析」根据行文逻辑，表示转折关系的but 应改为表示选择关系的or.（3）Her mother is ill，but she has to stay at home and look after her .「分析」根据行文逻辑，表示转折关系的But 应改为表示因果关系的So.2、连接词的用法错误。
第七讲非谓语动词一、改正下列句子中的唯一错误：1.For the whole afternoon they sang and danced happily without think about their schoolwork.【答案】.think→thinking【解析】without为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
故将think改为thinking。
2.Having something to do on the train,I couldn't help think about the scene of leaving and felt terribly sorry.【答案】.think→thinking【解析】couldn't help doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“情不自禁做某事”，故将think改为thinking。
3.With my eyes filling with tears,I came into Mr. Li's office.【答案】.filling→filled【解析】此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，fill与宾语eyes之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补4.In regard to protect the environment,we have many things to do.【答案】.protect→protecting【解析】in regard to意为“关于……”，其中to是介词，其后接名词或动名词。
故将protect改为protecting 5.Saw the 18 candles burning,I couldn't keep back my tears.【答案】.Saw→Seeing【解析】see在句中作状语，与主语之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
6.We finally realized it isn't easy to being a teacher .【答案】.being→be【解析】it is+adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”，it充当形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语，to后加动词原形7.I am interested in your culture and want know more about it.【答案】.在want后加to【解析】want to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”。
高考英语全国卷中非谓语动词的考点分析非谓语动词（V-ing, V-ed和 to do形式），顾名思义，就是不可在句中充当谓语的动词。
这一知识点频繁出现在高考英语阅读、完型、语法填空和改错题中。
而对于这一知识点的准确把握与否直接影响对某一句子的整体理解，同时它也是高考语言点中较难的要点之一。
接下来本文将就2015-2019年全国卷语法题中的非谓语动词考点，从学生在理解该语言点存在的问题和应对策略进行分析。
1.高考考点笔者通过对2015-2019年的高考英语全国卷Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ中的语法填空题的非谓语动词考点对比得出下表：笔者通过归类考点进一步细化得出以下结论：1.在近5年的高考中，非谓语动词做状语是考查学生能力的重点，而在状语成分考点中又侧重考查不定式形式（to do）充当句子目的状语，其次是现在分词充当伴随状语、方式状语、时间状语。
2.现在分词在句中充当某些动词和介词的宾语是仅次于不定式做状语的重点考点。
3.考查重点三是非谓语动词充当后置定语，其次是充当宾语补足语、主语和表语。
二、存在的问题1.学生不能准确判断句子的谓语动词和非谓语动词。
2.学生不能准确判断非谓语动词中的现在分词、过去分词和不定式的区别。
3.学生对于部分特殊的非谓语动词的现在分词和过去分词的变化规律掌握不够。
4.学生对于非谓语动词的时态和语态理解不到位。
三、应对策略针对以上问题，笔者根据多年的教学经验和学生的反馈，提出以下建议和策略：1.在句子结构分析中，要培养学生分析基本句子结构的能力，能准确区分复合句中的主谓语和非谓语动词的成分。
2.培养学生区分V-ing和V-ed表主动和被动的能力。
试分析：After running hundreds of tests, the researchers notedthat the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.本句第一个现在分词running，是主语the researchers的主动动作，又有连词after连接，所以充当时间状语; 第二个分词indicating是指“研究结果表明…”,亦视为一个主动动作，充当状语。
1.当名词被the first ,the last等序数词以及the only ,形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作定语，而不管动作是否已完成．He is the only person to know the truth.She is always the first to come and the last to leave.2.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.3.主动形式表被动意义的不定式。
主语＋be +adj. +to doThe question is very difficult to answer.The armchair is comfortable to sit in .The book is hard to understand.这类词有：easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangero us,surprised,astonished,delighted,disappointed等，表示主语特征、性质或说明产生这种情感的原因。
4.独立主格结构作状语Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.Time permitting （=If time permits）, I shall stay here for another two days．The test finished, we began our holiday.Everything done( =After everything was done) , they went home.Mother being ill in bed （=Because Mother was ill in bed）, he couldn’t go to work.He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.5.表示感官的动词1感2听,5看feel / hear , listen to / see, watch, notice, observe, look atI heard her sing an English song.I heard her singing an English song when I passed her room.I see him beaten by those bad boys.6. 4个使役动词: have，make，let，get+宾语+宾补（非谓语动词）※ make/let +宾语+ do sth 迫使某人做某事，被动语态为be made to do sth He made me laugh.I was made to laugh by himLet’s go there , shall we ?※ make /let +宾语+done (动词过去分词)（使某事被做）He couldn't make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.Let he clothes washed.※ have +宾语+do sthHe had her go there.※ have+宾语+doing sth 表示动作的执行者为宾语,但是动词必须是持续性动词/延续性动词，后面常接一个时间段He had her standing in the rain for two hoursHe had us laughing all through lunch.※ have +宾语+done 表示叫，让，请别人做某事或遭遇不幸事件I will have my bike repaired this afternoonHe had his wallet stolen at the railway station.He had his pocket picked.※ get +宾语+to do sthHe got his brother to help him.※get +宾语+doing sthHe got his bike running very fast※ get +宾语+doneHe got the car started7.with 的复合结构“With + 复合结构”又称为“with结构”，在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴随，方式，原因，条件等状语。
高考英语短文改错动词的非谓语形式错误单选题30题1. The teacher asked the students ______ too much time playing computer games.A. not to spendB. to not spendC. don't spendD. not spend答案：A。
本题考查动词不定式的否定形式。
“ask sb. not to do sth.”表示“要求某人不要做某事”，动词不定式的否定形式是在“to”前加“not”，所以A 选项正确。
B 选项“to not spend”形式错误；C 选项“don't spend”是谓语形式，不符合此处用法；D 选项“not spend”缺少“to”，结构不正确。
2. It's important for us ______ English well.A. to learnB. learningC. learnD. learned答案：A。
“It's + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth.”是固定句型，表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”，此处需要用动词不定式，A 选项正确。
B 选项“learning”是动名词形式；C 选项“learn”是动词原形；D 选项“learned”是过去式或过去分词，均不符合句型要求。
3. My mother decided ______ a new dress for me.A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. bought答案：B。
“decide to do sth.”表示“决定做某事”，要用动词不定式，B 选项正确。
A 选项“buy”是动词原形；C 选项“buying”是动名词形式；D 选项“bought”是过去式，均不符合“decide”的用法。
4. The doctor advised him ______ any more.A. not to smokeB. to not smokeC. don't smokeD. not smoke答案：A。
扶弱资料（六）非谓语动词所谓非谓语动词，就是指它们不能在句子中单独作谓语。
但它们又具有动词的特征，即可以有宾语（如果是及物动词的话）、可以有时态和语态的变化、可以有自己的逻辑主语。
同时，它们又具有名词的某些特征，即它们可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。
一、动词不定式:1. 作主语:To say something is one thing, to do it isanother.2. 作表语:My suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately.3. 作宾语: He decided to buy a computer.4. 作宾语补足语:Mr. Smith wants his son to become a lawyer.[注]：在let, make, see, notice,hear等动词后面，作宾补的不定式均省去to. 如: He made a face and madeeverybody___________(laugh).但是，在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式则要加上to.如: We are made ________________(write) a composition everyweek by the teacher.5. 作定语: He used to have a lot of meeting to attend.[注]：当出现the first / second / last / only /best时，常跟不定式作定语He was the first man _____________ (get) to school this morning.6. 不定式作状语:To see what would happen, we stayed there.二、分词（现在分词和过去分词）1.___________ (be) poor, he couldn’t go to school.2.We are interested in _____________ ( play) chess.3.The question _____________________ (discuss) now is important.4.The boy was afraid of ____________________ (leave) alone at home.5.____________________ (work) in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables.注：现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前（二）过去分词（只有一种时态与语态）规则的：V-ed ；不规则的（记不规则动词表）1. The boy went home with his homework _______________ (finish).2.___________ (see) from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面有较大区别：现在分词表示的意义是主动的，进行的：the girl gathering flowers（正在采花的女孩）过去分词表示的意义是被动的，完成的：the flowers gathered this morning（早晨采的花）1. 作表语: The news is very exciting./They are very excited at the news.2. 作定语: Don’t disturb the sleeping child./The arrested thief will be sentenced soon.3. 作宾补: He likes to sit on the beach and watch the seagulls flying./The work left everyone exhausted. [注]：有些动词如see, hear, feel, notice,watch等既可跟现在分词，也可跟不带to的不定式作复合宾语。
它们的区别在于：现在分词着重说明动作正在发生；不定式着重说明动作的全过程I saw the boys climbing the wall. 我看见孩子在爬墙。
I saw the boys climb the wall. 我看见孩子爬墙了。
4. 作状语: They stood there waiting for the busHearing the knock on the door, they stoppedtalking.Asked to work overtime that evening, I missed awonderful film.Compare:1._______________ (follow) the old man, we went upstairs2. ________________ (follow) by the old man, we went upstairs.三、动名词（V-ing）1.作主语和表语动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作, 在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。
如：Seeing is believing. / My hobby is collecting stamps.[注]：在“It is no use (good)”等习惯表达法中，常用形式主语“it”It is no use quarreling with her. / Is it worthwhile trying again?2.作宾语在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow／advise／forbid／permit ＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。
如：We don't allow_______________ (smoke) here．We don't allow anybody ________________ (smoke) here3. 作介词宾语Have you got used to working on the night shift（值班）?Children are fond of reading detective stories.[注]某些习惯用法中，常省略介词，仅保留动名词He is busy (in) preparing a report.They spent a lot of time (in) making preparation.We had great difficulty / trouble (in) finding hishouse.非谓语动词需要注意的几个问题:（一）、不定式的逻辑主语一般的结构为for+名词+不定式，如：It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.I found it impossible _____ him to do the job alone.但在表示人物性格，特征等的形容词后kind, brave, careful, clever, foolish, honest, kind, polite, rude, stupid,wise，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语，如：It was wise of him to do that. It was very brave ________ him to catch the thief.（二）、不定式的主动式还是被动式作定语时，当句中出现的名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者时，用主动式I have a meeting to attend.The teacher gave John a book to read,若不定式动作执行者不是上述情况，而是其他人，用被动态：Here are the clothes to be washed（三）、有些动词虽然既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语，但意义差别较大如；a) remember to do （记住要做某事）, remember doing（记得曾做过某事）b) forget to do （忘记要做某事）, forget doing（忘记曾做过某事）c) regret to do （因要做某事感到不安）, regret doing（因做了某事感到后悔）（四）、分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。
一般来说，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。
这类词常见的有：interesting令人感兴趣的--interested感到有趣的；exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的；disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的（五）、admit, advise, avoid, can't help, consider, delay, deny, escape, enjoy, finish, feel like, imagine, mind, practise, risk, suggest等动词以及所有带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语。
The boy was lucky enough to escape being punished.（六）、look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, devote …to, make contributions to, get/be used to, object to 中的to是介词，因而其后接动名词做宾语，不要误用动词不定式。
(1) I'm looking forward to seeing you again.(2) Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting up some schools for poor children.（七）、主动形式表示被动意义①动词want, need, require后作宾语的动名词的主动形式。
这时句中的动名词与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。
例：The TV set wants(/needs/requires) fixing.= The TV set wants(/needs/requires) to be fixed.②形容词worth后接的v -ing的主动形式。
