下载文档原格式
扶弱资料（六）
非谓语动词
所谓非谓语动词，就是指它们不能在句子中单独作谓语。但它们又具有动词的特征，即可以有宾语（如果是及物动词的话）、可以有时态和语态的变化、可以有自己的逻辑主语。同时，它们又具有名词的某些特征，即它们可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。
一、动词不定式:
动词不定式（时态与语态）：
1. 作主语:
To say something is one thing, to do it is another.
2. 作表语: My suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately. [注]：在let, make, see, notice, hear等动词后面，作宾补的不定式均省去to.
如: He made a face and made everybody___________(laugh).
但是，在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式则要加上to.
5. 作定语: He used to have a lot of meeting to attend.
[注]：当出现the first / second / last / only /best时，常跟不定式作定语
He was the first man _____________ (get) to school this morning.
6. 不定式作状语: To see what would happen, we stayed there.
二、分词（现在分词和过去分词）
（一）V-ing 形式（时态与语态）：
1.___________ (be) poor, he couldn't go to school.
2.We are interested in _____________ ( play) chess.
1 / 11
3.The question _____________________ (discuss) now is important.
4.The boy was afraid of ____________________ (leave) alone at home.
5.____________________ (work) in the country for three years, he knew how to
grow vegetables.
注：现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前
（二）过去分词（只有一种时态与语态）
规则的：V-ed ；不规则的（记不规则动词表）
1. The boy went home with his homework _______________ (finish).
2. ___________ (see) from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.
现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面有较大区别：
现在分词表示的意义是主动的，进行的：the girl gathering flowers（正在采花的女孩）
过去分词表示的意义是被动的，完成的：the flowers gathered this morning（早晨采的花）
1. 作表语: The news is very exciting. / They are very excited at
the news.
2. 作定语: Don't disturb the sleeping child. / The arrested thief will
be sentenced soon.
3. 作宾补: He likes to sit on the beach and watch the seagulls flying. / The
work left everyone exhausted.
[注]：有些动词如see, hear, feel, notice, watch等既可跟现在分词，也可跟不带to的不定式作复合宾语。它们的区别在于：现在分词着重说明动作正在发生；不定式着重说明动作的全过程
I saw the boys climbing the wall. 我看见孩子在爬墙。
2 / 11
I saw the boys climb the wall. 我看见孩子爬墙了。
4. 作状语: They stood there waiting for the bus
Hearing the knock on the door, they stopped talking.
Asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. Compare:
_______________ (follow) the old man, we went upstairs
2. ________________ (follow) by the old man, we went upstairs.
三、动名词（V-ing）
1.作主语和表语
动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作, 在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如：
Seeing is believing. / My hobby is collecting stamps. [注]：在“It is no use (good)”等习惯表达法中，常用形式主语“it”It is no use quarreling with her. / Is it worthwhile trying again?
作宾语在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，
则构成“allow／advise／forbid／permit ＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：
We don't allow_______________ (smoke) here．
We don't allow anybody ________________ (smoke) here
3. 作介词宾语
Have you got used to working on the night shift（值班）?
3 / 11
Children are fond of reading detective stories.
[注]某些习惯用法中，常省略介词，仅保留动名词
He is busy (in) preparing a report.
They spent a lot of time (in) making preparation.
We had great difficulty / trouble (in) finding his house.
非谓语动词需要注意的几个问题:
