下载文档原格式
高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十二：非谓语动词非谓语动词是高考必考点，《2017年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对非谓语动词列了三项：动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）。
动词不定式一、动词不定式的形式二、动词不定式的用法动词不定式可以充当谓语之外的全部句子成分，动词不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的改变，但有时态和语态的改变。
1．作主语（1）动词不定式作主语，一般表示详细的某次动作，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：①To see is to believe.②To master English is of great importance.（2）不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，构成“It is + adj+for sb.+to do”结构,或It is +adj+for sth +to be done。
例如：①It is impossible for him to give up smoking.②It is not easy to find your way in the mountain.③It is difficult for the problem to be solved.④It is impossible for my question to be answered in his absence.2.作宾语（1）动词不定式作宾语时，常跟在某些及物动词后面，常见的有：agree，dare，decide，expect，help，hope，learn，manage，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，want, intend, fail, wish, choose等。
例如：①I mean to go there at once.②We must learn to tell friends from enemies.（2）不定式短语作宾语时，假如还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it 作形式宾语。
2017年高考英语专项---改错题一、题型解读：短文改错题检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力，进而考察学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平，考察学生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力。
二、命题特点：1）错误类型相对稳定（错词、多词、缺词三种类型）2）考点覆盖面广、分布合理3）难度保持平稳。
三、考查类型：错词、多词、缺词四、考点分布近三年高考短文改错考点分布表五、应试技巧：通读全文，掌握大意；分句阅读，整句找错；反复通读，复查验证。
六、解题注意要点：1. 核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方，可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例。
即多一词1个，缺词1个，错词8个。
2. 核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。
因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。
3. 核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。
2016年短文改错汇编Passage 1 (2016·全国Ⅰ)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。
每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；冠词名词 代词 形容词或副词 介词 连词 动词及时态 非谓语动词 主谓一致 2016年全国卷（Ⅰ） 11 1 1 1 3 1 1 0 2016年全国卷（Ⅱ） 11 3 0 0 1 3 1 0 2015年全国卷（Ⅰ） 11 12 1 13 0 0 2015年全国卷（Ⅱ） 11 2 2 1 0 2 1 0 2014年全国卷（Ⅰ） 11 0 4 12 1 0 0 2014年全国卷（Ⅱ）1 1 12 2 0 2 0 1 考查点 试卷2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
2017一卷第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67(be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.翻译:最近,在食品服务业方面有一种朝着低脂肪和少盐的趋势。
2017年高考英语全国Ⅱ卷短文改错试题精细解析资深高考英语命题研究者黑龙江高云峰187******** Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. beside, they often get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！1.把all改成both。
解析：all这个不定代词的使用是作Mr. and Mrs. Zhang（两个人）的同位语，不合适，因为all是代指三者或三者以上的全部肯定的代词，而代指两个人的全部肯定的代词是both。
2.把不定冠词a改为an。
解析：当不定冠词后跟着的词是以元音因素开头的单词的时候，该不定冠词应该使用an。
hour的音标是/auə/,它是以元音因素开头的，所以它的前边的不定冠词必须使用an。
3.把interesting改为interested。
解析：英语中这类由一个动词派生出的一对形容词——v-ing和v-ed的区别必须搞清楚，即v-ing型形容词是说明事物或人的性质特征的，而v-ed型形容词则是说明人所处的某种精神、情绪或心理的状态的。
非谓语动词非谓语动词 主动语态被动语态 意义 不定式一般式 与谓语动词动作同时或在其后同时或在其后 进行式 同时同时 完成式之前之前 现在分词/动名词一般式与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生或几乎同时发生 完成式先于谓语动词前先于谓语动词前过去分词 与主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表动作已完成作已完成 一、区分简单句与复合句，判断式谓语动词还是非谓语动词1. That That was was was definitely definitely definitely not not not an an an attractive attractive attractive idea, idea, idea, so so so I I I politely politely politely declined declined declined her her her invitation, invitation, _____(close) my book and walked away. 2. We also have to consider the feeling of the person_______( receive) the gift. 3. Although he has been told many times, he still (make) the same mistake. 4. He won the first prize and (surprise) all of us. 5. With so many people (communicate) in English every day, it will become more important to have a good knowledge of English. 6. Nowadays, almost everyone_(realize) that smoking is harmful to people’s health.7. There (be) no bus, I had to walk home. 8. (spend) more time on your study, and you are likely to make bigger progress. 9. (spend) more time on your study is necessary for you to make progress in study. 10. He totally devoted himself to science study, which (make) his family very upset. 11. What the shop (sell) now attracts a lot of customers. 12. The belief is that everyone (depend) on themselves, and the choice they make is of great importance. 二、判定为谓语动词，则去看它在句中所起的作用--名词（主，宾，表）；定语；或者状语。
非谓语动词一、区分简单句与复合句，判断式谓语动词还是非谓语动词1.That was definitely not an attractive idea, so I politely declined her invitation,_____(close) my book and walked away.2.We also have to consider the feeling of the person_______( receive) the gift.3.Although he has been told many times, he still (make) the same mistake.4.He won the first prize and (surprise) all of us.5.With so many people (communicate) in English every day, it will becomemore important to have a good knowledge of English.6.Nowadays, almost everyone_ (realize) that smoking is harmful to people’shealth.7.There (be) no bus, I had to walk home.8.(spend) more time on your study, and you are likely to make biggerprogress.9.(spend) more time on your study is necessary for you to makeprogress in study.10.He totally devoted himself to science study, which (make) his family veryupset.11.What the shop (sell) now attracts a lot of customers.12.The belief is that everyone (depend) on themselves, and the choice theymake is of great importance.二、判定为谓语动词，则去看它在句中所起的作用--名词（主，宾，表）；定语；或者状语。
高考英语专题：非谓语动词语法填空和改
错精练
非谓语动词是高考英语语法填空和改错题常考的内容，正确使用非谓语动词可以丰富语言表达，错用则会使表达含义产生偏差。
本文将从以下几个方面进行练和总结：
一、非谓语动词的分类
非谓语动词包括不定式、现在分词和过去分词三种形式。
不定式分为“to + 动词原形”和“动词原形”两种形式。
二、不定式作状语
当不定式作状语时，要注意所修饰动词的逻辑主语是否与句子主语一致，在使用“不定式+to”的句型时也需要注意其所表示的含义与句子意思是否符合。
三、非谓语动词作定语
非谓语动词作定语时，可以放在被修饰的名词前后，但是要注意其所修饰的名词是否与其逻辑主语一致。
四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语
非谓语动词作宾语补足语时，有时需要根据动词的不同形式来确定使用哪种非谓语动词形式。
五、非谓语动词的常用形式
在使用非谓语动词时，除了要掌握上述几个方面的注意点外，还需要熟练掌握其常见的形式和用法，比如现在分词作状语表示主动、过去分词作状语表示被动等。
六、练题
为了巩固所学知识，这里为大家提供一些常见的非谓语动词的语法填空和改错题目，供大家练。
七、总结
非谓语动词是高考英语考试中重要的语法知识点，通过熟练掌握其分类、用法和注意事项，可以在考试中得心应手、取得更好的成绩。
以上是本文的全部内容，希望能对大家有所帮助！。
总分：2017 语法填空真题班级：姓名：Cloze12017 全国卷Ⅰ，15 分话题：饮食与健康词数： 196阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend,which was started by the medical community( 医学界 )1 a method of fighting heart disease, has hadsome unintended side2(effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required3(process) the food that we eat, torecover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt4(remove) from food, thefood tastes as if it is missing something. As5result, people will eat more food to try to make up for thatsomething missing. Even6(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food7(be) full of fat and salt; by8 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in theirdiet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心 ) between meals and willimprove the taste of your food. However, be9(care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possibleto have too much of both,10is not good for the health.Cloze22017 全国卷Ⅱ，15 分话题：地下客运铁路词数： 181In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under sevenkilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible1(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and2work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging upthe road,3(lay)the track and then building a strong roof over4top. When all those hadbeen done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines5(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been6(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a greatsuccess and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using7every day.Later,engineers8(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道 ), whichbecame known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the9(introduce)ofelectric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most10(success) ofthese new lines,and was opened in1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and provedextremely popular with the public.Cloze32017 全国卷Ⅲ，15 分话题：上学的同时兼职做模特词数： 196She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to thechallenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term1(rest). Instead, she is earning ￡ 6,500 a day as2model in New York.Sarah3(tell) that she could be Britain’ s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah,4has taken part in showsalong with top models, wants5(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carryon with her6(educate).She has turned down several7 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree8 engineering or architecture.Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school9(come) first. Idon’twant to get too absorbed in modeling. It is10(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. Idon ’ t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can ore." ’ t model any m2017 短文改错高考真题Correction 1 2017全国卷Ⅰ，10分（每个1分）In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard0first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor ’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, "Speedup!" "Slow down!" "Turning left!" I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.Correction 2 2017全国卷Ⅱ，10分（每个1分）Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that ison the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!Correction 3 2017全国卷Ⅲ，10分（每个1分）When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, andalso mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year ofhigh school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying differencekinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings backto me many happy memories of your high school days.2017 年全国卷语法填空真题答案Cloze1本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一种低脂肪、低盐的饮食趋势及其对人们健康的影响。
非谓语动词一、区分简单句与复合句，判断式谓语动词还是非谓语动词1.That was definitely not an attractive idea， so I politely declinedher invitation, _____（close) my book and walked away.2.We also have to consider the feeling of the person_______（ receive)the gift.3.Although he has been told many times, he still （make） thesame mistake。
4.He won the first prize and (surprise） all of us。
5.With so many people (communicate) in English every day， it willbecome more important to have a good knowledge of English.6.Nowadays, almost everyone_ (realize) that smoking is harmful topeople's health。
7.There （be) no bus, I had to walk home。
8.（spend) more time on your study， and you are likely to makebigger progress。
9. (spend) more time on your study is necessary for you to makeprogress in study。
10.He totally devoted himself to science study, which （make） hisfamily very upset。
11.What the shop （sell） now attracts a lot of customers.12.The belief is that everyone （depend） on themselves， and thechoice they make is of great importance.二、判定为谓语动词，则去看它在句中所起的作用——名词（主，宾，表)；定语;或者状语.考点突破一、单句填空:用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. _____________ （walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old。
(全国)2. Eugene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use __________（argue） with him。
（上海）3. Please remain _________(seat）；the winner of the prize will be announced soon。
（辽宁）4. — Can I smoke here？— Sorry。
We are don't allow ___________（smoke） here。
(江苏) 5. It is difficult to imagine his _______（accept） the decision without any consideration. （陕西）6. I can’t stand _________(work) with Jane in the same office。
She just refuses ________（stop） talking while she works。
(北京)7。
As a result of the serious flood， two—thirds of the buildings inthe area need _____________ （repair）。
(陕西）8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents。
She tried ________ (live）alone，but she didn’t like it and moved back home。
（湖南）9. — Robert is indeed a wise man。
— Oh， yes. How often I have regretted ____________（not take） his advice！ (安徽)10。
If you think that treating a woman well means always ________ （get）her permission for things， think again。
(湖南)11。
At the beginning of class, the noise of desks __________________（open and close） could be heard outside the classroom。
(全国）12. —They are quiet，aren’t they？—Yes。
They are accustomed to _______ (not talk） at meals。
（江苏)13。
Isn’t it time you got down to ________(mark） the papers? (重庆) 14。
Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________ (set) up some schools for poor children. （上海)15。
She looks forward every spring to ________ (walk）in the flower—lined garden。
（上海）16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ （pass） the exam。
（福建)17. According to a recent U。
S。
survey, children spend up to 25 hoursa week ________ (watch) TV. (上海）18。
I believe that’s the best way to prevent such a thing from _______ (happen) again。
（全国）19. Did you have trouble in________ （find） the post office？ (全国）20. Sandy could do nothing but ________ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong。
(上海）21. I smell something ________ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (全国）22。
Don't leave the water ________ （run) while you brush your teeth. （天津）23。
It was so cold that they kept the fire ___________ （burn) all night. （全国）24. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____________ (carry) out the next year. （全国)25。
To learn English well， we should find opportunities to hear English ___________ (speak) as much as we can. （江苏）26. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ____________(interest) in his lectures。
(江苏）27. Energy drinks are not allowed ________(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand。
(上海）28。
My adviser encouraged me ________（take) a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京）29. My parents have always made me ________(feel) good about myself, even when I was twelve. (江苏)30. They knew her very well. They had seen her ________ (grow) up from childhood。
(全国）31。
The mother felt herself ________ (grow) cold and her hands trembledas she read the letter from the battlefield。
(上海)32。
Paul doesn't have to be made ________ (learn）. He always works hard。
(全国)33。
-Come on， please give me some ideas about the project.—Sorry. With so much work ________ （fill） my mind, I almost break down。
（福建)34. John received an invitation to dinner， and with his work ____________ (finish）, he gladly accepted it. (安徽）35。
