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（完整版）人教版英语八年级上册Unit5动词不定式语法详解Unit5 动词不定式语法详解不定式结构肯定：to + do sth. 否定：not + to do sth.一、作主语To study hard is very important. → It is very important to study hard.注意: 不定式作主语时，通常用it作形式主语, 把真正的主语放在后面。
练习1、It is necessary ______us to learn to wait. (of/for) 2、It took them 1,000 yuan _________this table. (buy)二、作表语My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。
The most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.最重要的是学习新的东西和过得愉快三、作宾语1、动词+ to do sth.常用动词有：want / wish / like / would like / hope / plan / try / decide / learn / need / agree / begin / start / forget / remember / manage / seem / fail/ manage/ promise等e.g. I hope to finish it tomorrow . She plans to go and teach in the country.2、动词＋疑问词+to doe.g. 我不知道接下来该做什么。
I don’t know____________ next.她不能决定买哪本书。
She can’t decide_________________.练习1、Don’t forget _________________.(关灯) 2、Sam is learning________________. (怎样开车）四、作宾语补足语——对宾语进行补充说明1、动词+ 宾语（sb./sth.) + to do sth. 常用动词有：ask, tell, allow, want, expect 等e.g. The teacher asked her to answer the question. The doctor told me to have a good rest.2、动词+宾语+不带to的不定式, 动词多为感官动词、使动词。
【讲解】一、不定式作宾语二、不定式作宾补ask sb. to do sth.让某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事want sb.to dosth.想要某人做某事expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事teach sb.to do sth.教某人做某事help sb. to do sth.协助某人做某事三、动词原形作宾补(无to不定式)let sb.do sth让某人做某事make sb. do sth.使某人做某事hear sb.do sth.听见某人做某事see sb.do sth.看见某人做某事watch sb.do sth.察看某人做某事feel sb.do sth.觉得某人做某事notice sb.do sth.留意某人做某事四、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的动词(1)remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事(2)forget to do sth忘记要做某事forget doing sth忘记曾做过某事try doing sth. 试试做某事stop doing sth.中止正在做的事。
(5)like to do sth.喜欢某事(强调某时刻想做什么) like doing sth.喜欢某事(强调经常做)五、不定式作主语1.通常位于句首。
如:①To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
①To get up early is necessary.早起是必要的。
2.It放在句首作形式主语，真正的主语，即动词不定式(短语)放在后面。
①It is + adj.+ for /of sb. to do sth.①It is + n. + for sb. to do sth.① It takes sb. some time to do sth.如:It's important for us to keep the water clean如:It is great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship六、it 作形式宾语，不定式to do 作真正的宾语find / think I make ! feel +it +adj.+ to do sth. 发现/认为/使得/感觉做某事…七、不定式作状语(1)表目的:He went to`the zoo to see the baby panda.(2)结果:adj./ adv+ enough to do sth.He didn't run fast enough to catch the train. too ... to do sth.He was too tired to walk home.(3)表原因:I'm glad to see you.八、不定式作表语His job is to paint the walls.九、不定式作后置定语I have lots of books to read.Would you like something to drink/eat? the best way to do sth 做某事最好的方法十、疑问词+to do sth.Please show us how to do that.Tom didn’t know where to go.I wonder what to do.【练习】一．用所给动词的适当形式填空(每小题1分；共35分）1.We planned________(make)a school radio program.2. He hates________(cook) meals. He enjoys________(have) lunch in the restaurant.3. It started_____(rain) when we were walking in the street last Sunday.4. She's thinking about______(make) a phone call to her parents.5. She decided ________(leave) here a little earlier.6. Stop ________(talk). Our English teacher is coming.7. My parents asked me________(do) my homework on time.8. I'm really sorry. I forgot_________(close) the door before I left.9. We can expect________(learn) a lot from the talk shows.10.I dislike to hear people_________(talk) loudly in public.11. Betty, we need___________(make) a plan.12. Lisa plans____________(post) the letter for the old man.13. Please remember_______(draw) a new picture next week.14. He felt tired, so he stopped_________(have) a rest under the tree.15. The little boy wishes___________(fly) to the moon.16. I think it is important __________(learn) English well.17. Do you have anything necessary_________(do).18.He seemed_________(eat) something.19. I don’t want________(be) fat.20. Would you like something _________(drink).21.Do you want ______(know) how to play the guitar?22.It is very kind of you _______(help) me.23.I find Maths is difficult _______(learn).24.My parents went to the airport _______(meet) my uncle yesterday.25.The old man felt unlucky ________(lose) his pet dog.26.I got up early this morning _______(catch) the early bus.27.John,a 13-year-old boy,likes________(watch) scary movies.28.Tom went to the cinema _______(watch) the wonderful movie.29.I need a pen _______(write).30.Lisa plans________(learn) to cook this summer vacation.31.My brother hope________(be) a pilot in the future.32.I expect ________(go) home on Sunday.33.I’d like __________(buy) a book about Chinese history.34.I came to the country __________(visit) my grandparents.35.Do you have anything important___________(do)?二．单项选择（每小题1分；共25分）1. Remember ________ a letter to me.2. English is important to us, we should try______ it well.3.I think it is difficult _______ a car on the street.A.driveB.to driveC.drivingD.drove4.Can you help me ______ a bag for my father?5.Mary decided ______ Tom with Maths.A.helpB.helpedC.helpingD.to help6. You look tired. You'd better stop________a rest.D. to have7.Tom went out after he finished_______the sitting room.B.cleaningC. to cleanD. cleaned8. Sorry,I forgot____your dictionary.Let’s borrow one from Ann.A.to takeB. takingC. to bringD. bringing9.Remember______me when you come to Shanghai.A. to seeB. seeC. seeingD. saw10.I would like__with you forever.A.to stay D. stayed.11.They expected_____great progress in English.A. makesB. makingC. to makeD. made12. Danny needs______more English in and out of class.A. speakB. spoken13.My father wants ______around the world because he enjoys______new places.A.traveling,seeingB. to travel, to seeC. traveling,to seeD. to travel, seeing14.I'm hungry. Get me something_______.B. to eatC. eatingD. for eating15. The teacher asked them_______make so much noise.A.don'tB. notC.will notD. not to16. Tell him______the window.A.to shut notB. not to shutC.to not shutD.not shut17.My mother wants me_______too much sugar.She says it’s bad for my teeth.A.to eatB. not eatC. not to eatD. not eating18.I saw him______out of the room when I passed by.A. goB.to goC. goesD. going19.I often hear him______about you.A.to speakB. speaksC. speakD. speaking-20. -- I usually go there by train.--Why not____by boat for a change?A.to try goingB.trying to goC. to try and goD. try going21.He was too excited________.B. to speak22. I came to the countryside______my grandparents.A. sawB. to seeC. seeingD. to be seen23. I'd like_______a book about my hometown.A. wrote C. to write D. write24. He is not old enough___to school.C. goesD. to go25.---Excuse me. Could you please tell me_____my car?---Sure. Park it right here. I’ll help you.A. how to stopB. where to stopC. who to stopD. when to stop三．词语运用（每小题1分；共10分）Do you like going to the movies? Most of the 1._______ (student) in high school like movies very much. Last Sunday I went to a school and asked some students 2.________their favorite movies. Some of their answers were 3.______(real) interesting. Here are 4.__________(they) likes and dislikes. John, a13-year-old boy, likes 5._________(watch) scary movies 6._________they are scary but exciting. His classmate, Mary, can't stand 7.___________(cartoon). She told me they were for kids. 8. ______she really likes comedies because they are funny. Jack is a big boy. He doesn't mind scary movies. But he doesn't like comedies because they're 9. __________ (bore)! And the coolest movies are action movies. Everyone 10._______(enjoy) them very much.四．连词成句（每小题1分；共10分）1.French,too,is,difficult,speak,to______________________________________________.2.you,are,going to,teacher,a,be,in the future______________________________________________?3.think,I,comedies,interesting,are,watch,to______________________________________________.4.to,remember,turn off,lights______________________________________________.5.feel,excited,I,go to,the park,to______________________________________________.6.hope,to find out,I,going on,what,is,around the world______________________________________________.7.different,things,in 20 years,will be______________________________________________.8.takes,me,it,to,go to work,20 minutes______________________________________________.9.with,friends,I,like,go to movies,to______________________________________________.10.book,the,interesting,read,to,is______________________________________________?。
动词不定式一、结构：动词不定式分为带to不定式（to do sth.）与不带to 不定式（do sth.）。
其中，to 不是介词，而是动词不定式符号，无意义，可以不翻译。
肯定式：to do 否定式：not to do二、作用：在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语或状语等。
三、用法：1､作主语不定式作主语时，谓语用单数(如并列时则用复数)。
往往用it作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。
常用结构为：It is + adj. /n.(+ for sb.) + to do sth.It is + adj./n. + (of sb. )+ to do sth.e.g. To watch movies is my hobby.To fight with crime is dangerous.It’s enjoyable for me to have dinner with you.It’s necessary to learn every subject well.It’s kind of you to che ck the information carefully.2､作宾语（1）动词+不定式：v.+ to do sth.下列动词（短语）通常用不定式作宾语：help（带to不定式或不带to 不定式皆可）, need, want, hope, wish, expect, learn, decide, choose, would like, like, love, begin, start, stop, try, forget, remember等。
e.g. He decided to go on a vacation.James chose to work in the city.Teachers teach to learn something.（2）动词（know, ask, show, teach, find out等）+疑问词+不定式: v. + wh- /how+ to do sth。
Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?单元语法聚焦五:动词不定式教材典句1.Sally likes to watch the news or talk shows.2.However, he was always ready to try his best.3.People went to the cinema to see the “little man”win.4.Micky became the first cartoon character to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.语法探究一、含义动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成的，它是非谓语动词的一种。
动词不定式在句子中不能单独作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化，其否定结构是“not to +动词原形”。
本单元重点学习不定式作宾语和宾语补足语的基本用法。
二、不定式作宾语1.常见的后面可以接不定式作宾语的动词有agree，choose，decide，expect，fail，hope，learn，prepare，offer，plan，promise，refuse，want，wish等。
►My cousin hopes to get good grades in the math exam.我表弟希望在数学考试中取得好成绩。
►Jack wants to buy some flowers for Mr. Wu.杰克想给吴老师买些花。
2.what，which，who，where，when，how等特殊疑问词和不定式连用,在句中起名词的作用,可以作宾语。
►He doesn't know what to do next.他不知道接下来做什么。
►Sam knows how to cook Chinese food.萨姆知道怎么做中餐。
三、不定式作宾语补足语1.常见的后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有allow，ask，encourage(鼓励)，expect，invite，teach，tell，want，warn，wish等。
动词不定式动词不定式由“to ＋动词原形”构成，有时可以省略to。
动词不定式在句中可作宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语等。
动词不定式在句子中不作谓语，所以没有人称、数和时态的变化，其否定式是在to前加上not。
如：ask sb. not to do；tell sb. not to do；具体用法见下表：1)不定式结构作主语如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词it作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替)，而将不定式放到后面。
不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以通过It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.在某些形容词(如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid等)作表语时，不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。
及物动词+带to的不定式结构:只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有: afford，agree，aim，appear，ask，believe，care，claim，decide demand，desire，determine，expect，fail，happen，hesitate，hope，intend，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，prepare，refuse，seek，swear，undertake，want，wish等。
口诀：同意提出做计划,要求答应来帮忙。
准备决定遭拒绝,敢于选择有希望。
不能做到莫假装,设法做成决心坚。
3)不定式做表语一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件)；表语也是不定式(表示结果)：To see is to believe.另一种情况为主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等名词为中心的短语，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用：4)不定式作定语不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型：第一种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。
