英语八年级课件-动词不定式的用法
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【语法课堂】:动词不定式1.不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如to write) 所构成的一种非限定性动词形式,但在有些情况下to可以省略。
动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上to be writing,to have written),也有被动态(如to be written),所有的主动词,不论是及物动词还是不及物动词,也不论是动作动词还是状态动词,都有不定式形式。
助动词除be和have外,没有不定式形式。
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
2.不定式的用法1)不定式结构作主语①Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago.②To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge.在上述情况下,如果不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面。
如:It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time.不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的,即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以通过for sb. to do sth. 结构表达:It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review.It is not difficult for those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表语时,不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语:It is very kind of you to tell me the truth.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种:一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。
常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结. 固定用法( 非谓语动词) :以下是带to 的动词不定式常见搭配★希望做某事hope to do sth. ★ 决定做某事decide to do sth★同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth.★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can't wait to do★准备做某事get/be ready to do ★尽力/ 努力做某事try to do sth★计划做某事plan to do sth. ★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.★轮流做某事take one's turns to do sth. ★拒绝做某事refuse to do sth.★告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. ★请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.★想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth. ★不得不have to do★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. ★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.★喜欢/ 想要某人做某事like sb. to do sth. ★encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做★帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do★it's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事例:it your turn to clean the blackboard.★it's time(for sb.) to do sth. 是某人做某事时候了例:it's time for me to go home.★it's +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是例: it is easy for me to learn it well. it is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.★it takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间例句: 1.it takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.it took me an hour to watchtv last night. 3.it will take her two weeks to finish the work.★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太.. 而不能例: he was to angry to say a word.★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth. 发现/ 认为/ 感到做某事是i find/think/feel it hard tolearn english well.★序数词+to do 第.. 个做某事例句:who is the first to get there?★我不知/ 忘记了怎么办。
动词不定式全解不定式作宾语1) 动词+ 不定式afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake举例:The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2)动词+不定式;动词+宾语+不定式ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, he lp intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, p romise, want, wish…I like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3)动词+疑问词+ todecide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tellPlease show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
动词不定式的用法一,动词不定式作宾语1. 概述:动词不定式是动词的非谓语形式之一,其表现形式为:to+动词原形。
其中to是动词不定式符号,没有任何词义。
其否定形式是在to前面加not。
动词不定式有动词的特点,可以有自己的状语;若不定式动词是及物的,可以带自己的宾语.一起构成动词不定式短语。
2. 用法:动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时也保留了动词的某些特征,在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语以及目的状语等。
本单元介绍动词不定式作宾语的用法。
(1)常见的能带动词不定式作宾语的动词有:want,like,love,wish,hope,need,try,ask,seem,help,learn,decide,plan,start,begin,forget,remember,choose ,prepare,agree 等。
e.g: ① Kate wants to be a doctor when she grows up.② He decided to buy a new MP4.③ We all hope to go to Taizhou next month.④ I don’t like to be late for school.⑤I forgot to bring the MP4 hem.(2)有些动词后面接复合宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语则由动词不定式来担当,并位于宾语补足语之后。
常见的这样的动词有find,think,feel,make等。
e.g: ① I find it interesting to play computer games我发现玩电脑游戏很有趣。
② We all think it very difficult to finish the work in an hour.3.“疑问词+不定式”结构疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后接动词不定式可在句中作宾语、主语、表语。
八年级动词不定式的知识点动词不定式是英语中的一种非限定性从句,可以作为名词、形容词和副词等成分。
在英语中,它有其特殊的结构和用法,同时也是英语语法中的重要知识点之一。
一、基本结构动词不定式一般由“to+动词原形”构成,例如:to go,to eat等等。
二、作为名词1. 动词不定式作主语动词不定式作为主语时,位于句首,后面跟随谓语动词,例如:To learn English well is very important.学好英语十分重要。
2. 动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作直接宾语时,常用于某些动词(如want, expect, agree, hope, promise等)的宾语从句中,例如:I want to see you tomorrow.明天我想见你。
三、作为形容词1. 动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语时作为形容词,并修饰名词或代词,例如:I have a book to read.我有一本要读的书。
2. 动词不定式作表语动词不定式作表语时作为形容词,并与be动词连用,例如:His dream is to be a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。
四、作为副词1. 目的状语动词不定式作目的状语表示主语动作的目的或者原因,位于谓语动词之后,例如:I went to the supermarket to buy some fruits.我去超市买水果了。
2. 结果状语动词不定式作结果状语表示主语动作的结果或者后果,位于谓语动词之后,例如:He talked too much to be heard.他说得太多,没人听得懂。
以上就是八年级动词不定式的知识点,掌握好这些知识点,能够更好地理解英语语法,提升自己的英语语言水平。
动词不定式【概念引入】1. 动词不定式名言:(1)动词不定式作表语To lose is to learn. 失败就是学习。
(2)动词不定式作主语It is better to give than to take. 给予比接受更好。
(3)不定式作宾语Expect to be treated as you have treated others.你怎样待别人,就指望别人怎样待你。
(4)不定式作宾补Adversity causes some men to break,others to break records.逆境使一些人崩溃,也使一些人破记录。
(5)不定式作定语There is a time to talk and a time to act.该说的时候说,该做的时候做。
(6)不定式作目的状语To find the exact answer,one must first ask the exact question.要找到确切的答案,首先必须提出确切的问题。
2. 动词不定式定义:动词不定式是一种非谓语形式(不能作谓语),基本形式是to do形式(to是不定式符号的标志,无意义,可以不翻译)肯定式:to + 动词原形否定式:not to + 动词原形【用法讲解】1.动词不定式的特征动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分(主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语);动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时还保持动词的某些特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语,动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
2. 动词不定式在句子中的作用动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。
(1)动词不定式作主语。
例如:To master a language is not an easy thing.掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。
动词不定式一、结构:动词不定式分为带to不定式(to do sth.)与不带to 不定式(do sth.)。
其中,to 不是介词,而是动词不定式符号,无意义,可以不翻译。
肯定式:to do 否定式:not to do二、作用:在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语或状语等。
三、用法:1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数(如并列时则用复数)。
往往用it作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。
常用结构为:It is + adj. /n.(+ for sb.) + to do sth.It is + adj./n. + (of sb. )+ to do sth.e.g. To watch movies is my hobby.To fight with crime is dangerous.It’s enjoyable for me to have dinner with you.It’s necessary to learn every subject well.It’s kind of you to che ck the information carefully.2、作宾语(1)动词+不定式:v.+ to do sth.下列动词(短语)通常用不定式作宾语:help(带to不定式或不带to 不定式皆可), need, want, hope, wish, expect, learn, decide, choose, would like, like, love, begin, start, stop, try, forget, remember等。
e.g. He decided to go on a vacation.James chose to work in the city.Teachers teach to learn something.(2)动词(know, ask, show, teach, find out等)+疑问词+不定式: v. + wh- /how+ to do sth。
动词不定式用法总结
动词不定式的构成是to+动词原形,但to 有时可以省略。
它是一种活跃的非谓语动词形式,很多同学把它和谓语动词混在一起,掌握起来有困难。
下面我们就对动词不定式做出简单归纳,帮助同学们记忆。
一、不定式作主语
在英语中,很多情况下,我们用代词it来代替不定式作主语,而把不定式移到句子的后部以平衡句子。
此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出。
( )1.It’s our duty ____the room every day .
A.to clean
B.cleaned
C.clean
D.cleans
( )2.It’s very nice _____you to get me two tickets _____the World Cup.
A.for,of
B.of ,for
C.to,for
D.of ,at
二、不定式作宾语
常见类型如下:
1)动词+带to的动词不定式。
常见的有:afford,agree,decide,expect,hope,want,fail,plan等,例如:
( )3.He wants _____some vegetables .
A.buy
B.buying
C.to buy
D.buys
2)动词+疑问词+带to的动词不定式。
( )4.There is no difference between the two words .I really don’t know ______.
A.what to choose
B.which to choose
C.to choose which
D.to choose what
另外,动词不定式用作宾语时,如果后跟形容词作宾语补足语,在这样的复合宾语
中,常把it放在宾语的位置作形式宾语,而把不定式放在句尾平衡句子。
例如:
( )5.He found it very different_________.
A.sleeping
B.sleeps
C.fall asleep
D.to fall asleep
三、不定式作宾语补足语
作宾语补足语的句型也有两个。
1)动词+宾语+带to的不定式。
常见的这类动词有:ask ,teach,tell,want,like,advice,invite,allow,warn等。
例如:
( )6.Robert often asks us ____his Chinese ,so his Chinese is much better than before .
A.help him
B.to help him with
C.to help with
D.helps him with
2)动词+宾语+不带to的不定式。
常见的这类动词有:see,hear,watch,notice,let,make,等,例如:
( )7.We saw him ___into the building and go upstairs.
四、** come e ing D.came
不定式作定语
不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。
例如:
( )8.---Would you like sonething_____?
----Yes ,please.
五、** B.drinking C.to drink D.drinks
不定式作状语
不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中用作状语。
放在句尾或句首表示目的;也可跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面,还可用于enough to---,too---to等结构中,例如:
( )9.She is old enoigh ____the things she likes.
** B.to do C.doing D.did
六、不定式作表语在初中阶段出现的不多,常用于“主语+be+to do sth”句型中,此时作主语的中心名词通常是:duty,wish,hope,idea,plan,mistake,等。
例如:
My duty is to get you away to save you .。