考研英语阅读理解高分笔记

TEXT 1 Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet.The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the great game of espionage-spying as a profession.These days the Net, which has already remade such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well. The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail.That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades.In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point and click spying.The spooks call it open source intelligence, and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential.In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi.The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy services firm McDermott International.Many of its predictions are available online at. Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's st week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine.As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine, says Friedman, a former political science professor,And we'll hear back from some of them.Open source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad.That's where Straitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin.Several of his staff members have military intelligence backgrounds.He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success.Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back and forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong.Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice. 41. The emergence of the Net has . A．received support from fans like Donovan B．remolded the intelligence services C．restored many common pastimes D．revived spying as a profession 42. Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to . A．introduce the topic of online spying B．show how he fought for the US C．give an episode of the information war D．honor his unique services to the CIA 43. The phrase making the biggest splash (line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means . A．causing the biggest trouble B．exerting the greatest effort C．achieving the greatest success D．enjoying the widest popularity 44. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that . A． Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true B．Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information C．Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability D．Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information 45. Straitford is most proud of its . A．official status B．nonconformist image C．efficient staff D．military backgroundable11 a.有能⼒的，能⼲的，显⽰出才华的 achieve12 v.①完成，实现；②达到，达成，获得 agency11 n.代理（处），代办处 analysis8 n.分析，分解 available18 a.①可⽤的，可得到的；②可以见到的，随时可来的 avoid9 v.避免，回避，逃避 background6 n.背景，经历 brief5 a.简短的，简洁的；v.简短介绍，简要汇报；n.①（pl.）摘要；②指令 business36 n.①商业，⽣意；②事务，业务，职责；③企业；④贸易量；⑤⾏业，业务 cause28 n.①原因，理由；②事业，事件，奋⽃⽬标；v.使产⽣，引起 characterize6 v.①表⽰...的特性；②描述...的特性 click1 v.①点击；②发出滴答声；n.滴答声 collection1 n.收藏（品），收集（物） compile1 v.编辑，汇编 contest2 n.竞争，竞赛，⽐赛；v.竞争，⽐赛，争论 corporation10 n.公司，企业，团体 crisis3 n.（［pl.］crises）危机，紧要关头 data22 n.（datum的复数）资料，数据 decade18 n.⼗年 declaration2 n.宣⾔，宣布，声明 dramatic4 a.①戏剧的，戏剧性的；②剧烈的，激进的；③显著的，引⼈注⽬的 efficient3 a.①有效的，效率⾼的；②有能⼒的，能胜任的 electronic8 a.电⼦的 episode1 n.⽚断，（连续剧的）⼀集 exert3 v.发挥，施加影响，运⽤ fascinate2 v.迷住，强烈吸引 firm14 a.①坚固的，稳固的；②坚决的，坚定的；n.公司，商号 former10 a.①前任的；②以前的，在前的；pron.前者 forth2 ad.向前，向外；（back and ～）来回地 guarantee5 n.保证，保证书；v.保证，担保 image1 n.①形象；②肖像，影像，印象 increasingly11 ad.不断增加地，⽇益 independent6 a.（of）独⽴的，⾃主的 influential1 a.①有影响的；②有权势的 information44 n.①通知，报告；②情报，信息 intelligence13 n.①智⼒，聪明；②理解⼒；③情报，消息，报导 lean2 v.①倾斜，屈⾝；②倚，靠，依赖；a.①瘦的，⽆脂肪的；②精⼲的，效率⾼的；③贫瘠的 margin1 n.①页边空⽩；②边缘；③余地；④幅度 military3 a.军事的，军⽤的，军队的 pastime1 n.消遣，娱乐 phrase6 n.短语，词语，习语 predict13 v.预⾔，预测，预告 private11 a.私⼈的，个⼈的，秘密的，私下的 profession5 n.职业，⾃由职业 reinforce2 v.增援，加强 reliable5 a.可靠的 rely6 v.①（on）依赖，依靠；②信赖，信任 restore3 v.①恢复，使回复；②归还，交还；③修复，重建 result37 n.结果，成果，成绩；v.①（in）导致，结果是；②（from）起因于，因...⽽造成 revive1 v.①使苏醒；②复苏，复兴 risk14 v.冒...的危险；n.风险，危险 science58 n.①科学；②学科 solution4 n.①解答，解决办法；②溶解，溶液 sound7 n.声⾳，声响；v.①发声，响；②听起来；a.①健全的，完好的；②正当的，有根据的；③彻底的，充分的 source11 n.①源，源泉；②来源，出处 splash1 v.溅，泼；n.①溅，飞溅声；②（make a ～）引起轰动 spy6 n.间谍；v.①当间谍，刺探；②察觉，发现 staff5 n.①全体职⼯，全体⼈员；②杠，棒；③参谋部；v.配备⼯作⼈员 status5 n.①地位，⾝份；②情形，状况 story11 n.①描述；②故事；③报道；④谎话；⑤楼层 topic3 n.话题，主题，题⽬ unique6 a.惟⼀的，独⼀⽆⼆的 vacuum1 n.真空，真空吸尘器；v.⽤真空吸尘器打扫 vocation1 n.职业，⾏业 web12 n.，蜘蛛 advantage13 n.优势, 有利条件 distribution6 n.分配，分发，配给物 emergence5 n.浮现，出现 espionage1 n.间谍，侦探 latest8 a.最近的 mastery1 n.掌握 mutually1 ad.互相地，互助 nonconformist1 a./n.不墨守陈规的（⼈） online8 n.联机，在线 popularity5 n.普及，流⾏ prediction6 n.预⾔，预报 remold1 vt.改造 reshape1 vt.改造，再成形 spook1 n.间谍，特务 spymaster2 n.间谍⾸脑 strategic2 a.战略的，战略上的 truthfulness1 n.真实，正当，坦率 unpredictability2 n.不可预测性 whereby2 ad.凭什么，由此难句1 The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. ［结构分析］ 1. 本句主⼲结构是：The American spymaster ... was fascinated with information； 2. who引导的定语从句修饰the American spymaster，who在定语从句中作主语，谓语是and连接的built和laid； ［本句难点］主要是从句关系复杂； ［⽅法对策］找出主句和从句关系，然后找出各⾃的主⼲结构，就⽐较好理解本句； ［例句精译］这位曾经在第⼆次世界⼤战时建⽴了战略服务处，后来⼜为中央情报局的成⽴打下了基础的美国间谍⼤师对情报是如此着迷。

1993Passage One:such A as B 像B这样的AToday no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick.分析：such severe lack as that ordered by FrederickA：severe lack B: that ordered by Frederick，其中that指代前面的lack介词as引导的介宾短语，作名词lack的后置定语，但因为lack作句子的主语，为了避免头重脚轻，名词和介宾短语被谓语动词exists分割开了。

翻译：今天，再不存在像Frederick下命令所造成的那种严重的匮乏。

What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear”.与猴子的大脑相比，关于人的大脑的特殊之处，是一个复杂的系统，这个系统能让一个小孩把，比如说，对一个玩具熊的视觉和触觉，与“toy-bear”这个单词的发音模式联系起来。

And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.更不可思议的是，小孩的大脑有能力从他周围混杂的声音中选出语言的秩序，有能力进行分析，有能力以新的方式对词和句进行组合与重新组合。

考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记众所周知，考研是人生的一次重新洗牌和重大机遇，而在考研的四门课程中，英语成了许多考生前进征途上的一只凶猛拦路虎和十分困难的羁跘与障碍。

详细分析历年考研英语试卷，又可以发现主要矛盾在于阅读（占60%的分数），故可谓：得阅读者得天下。

阅读的60分细分为Part A、Part B 和Part C，其中Part A为四篇阅读理解，占40分，是阅读理解考试中的主战场。

那么，阅读Part A有没有什么技巧呢？技巧一：看懂阅读理解其实主要考的是“阅读”之后的“理解”，所以，看得懂乃是第一项技巧。

任何一篇文章，若要能看懂它，至少需要两个条件：认识单词和看明白句子。

单词就像盖房的砖瓦，考研词汇大约为5500个，这不是一个小数字，也并非三两天时间可以记住的，所以，考生必须先买一本考研英语词汇书进行系统、长期的学习和记忆。

（推荐《考研英语词汇真题词频语境记忆》，该书打破了传统考研词汇书按字母顺序排序的做法，而是采用历年真题作为单词出现频率的统计依据，将所有大纲单词及超纲单词按照历年真题出现的频率从高到低排列，而且全部按照考过的不同词义配不同的真题例句，可以使学生用最少的时间获得最好的学习效率）.拿到词汇书之后，首先用大约一周的时间把这些单词中你根本不认识的挑出来，如rear, tedious, deteriorate, plausible, jargon, isotope, ……, （因为这些单词你可能完全不认识，看到之后两眼漆黑，所以称之为“黑”字）. “黑”字是阅读的头一个障碍，单词不认识，句子当然看不懂，所以，消灭“黑”字是当务之急。

（争取用一个月左右的时间消灭它们！)考研词汇中，除“黑”字外，还有大量意思非常明白的所谓“白”字，如：able, benefit, culture, space, topic, ……。

此类单词可一掠而过，除“黑”（完全不认识）和“白”（完全明白）字两类外，还有许多似会不会的“灰”字，如：treaty, tutor, sample, saddle, fuss, ……。

一.考研阅读的基本解题思路：（四步走）第一，扫描提干，划关键项。

第二，通读全文，抓住中心。

1.通读全文，抓两个重点：①首段（中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题）；②其他各段的段首和段尾句。

（其他部分略读，有重点的读）2.抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题：①文章叙述的主要内容是什么？②文章中有无提到核心概念？③作者的大致态度是什么？第三，仔细审题，返回原文。

（仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩）定位原则：①通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。

（关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等）②自然段定位原则。

出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。

★要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。

第四，重叠选项，得出答案。

（重叠原文=对照原文）1.通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。

2.作题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由二.阅读理解的解题技巧1.例证题：①例证题的标记。

当题干中出现example,case,illustrate,illustration,exemplify时。

②返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。

③搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。

例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。

注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。

举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题？不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。

④找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。

⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。

即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。

（╳）要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。

2.指代题：①返回原文，找出出题的指代词。

②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子（先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远）。

TEXT 4 It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional.Small wonder.Americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century.Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago.But not even a great health care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions.We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved.Shielded by third party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless.The most obvious example is late stage cancer care.Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. In 1950, the US spent ＄12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be ＄1540 billion.Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable.Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it.Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age-say 83 or so.Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm "have a duty to die and get out of the way", so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential. I would not go that far.Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive.At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age.As a mere 68 year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have. Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit.As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful.I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have.As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives. 56. What is implied in the first sentence? ［A］ Americans are better prepared for death than other people. ［B］ Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before. ［C］ Americans are over confident of their medical technology. ［D］ Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy. 57. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that . ［A］ medical resources are often wasted ［B］ doctors are helpless against fatal diseases ［C］ some treatments are too aggressive ［D］ medical costs are becoming unaffordable 58. The author's attitude toward Richard Lamm's remark is one of . ［A］ strong disapproval ［B］ reserved consent ［C］ slight contempt ［D］ enthusiastic support 59. In contrast to the US, Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care . ［A］ more flexibly ［B］ more extravagantly ［C］ more cautiously ［D］ more reasonably 60. The text intends to express the idea that . ［A］ medicine will further prolong people's lives ［B］ life beyond a certain limit is not worth living ［C］ death should be accepted as a fact of life ［D］ excessive demands increase the cost of health careachieve12 v.①完成，实现；②达到，达成，获得 aggressive5 a.①侵略的，好⽃的；②⼤胆的，积极的 attitude14 n.①（to，towards）态度，看法；②姿势 author69 n.①作者；②创始⼈ billion11 num./n.［美］⼗亿，［英］万亿 cancer11 n.癌 chair4 n.①椅⼦；②主席（职位）；vt.主持，担任 claim12 v.①要求；②声称，主张；③索赔；n.①要求；②主张，断⾔；③索赔；④权利，要求权，所有权 conclude5 v.①结束，终结；②断定，下结论；③缔结，议定 confident3 a.（of，in）确信的，⾃信的 confront3 v.①使⾯临，使遭遇；②⾯对（危险等） consent3 v./n.（to）同意，赞成，答应 contempt4 n.轻蔑，藐视 contrast5 v.对⽐，对照；n.对⽐，对照，差异 court10 n.①法院，法庭；②宫廷，朝廷；③院⼦；④球场 doctor12 n.①博⼠；②医⽣；v.伪造，篡改 dramatic4 a.①戏剧的，戏剧性的；②剧烈的，激进的；③显著的，引⼈注⽬的 energetic2 a.有⼒的，精⼒旺盛的 enthusiastic2 a.热情的，热⼼的 excessive3 a.过多的，过分的来源:考试⼤ express4 v.表达，表⽰；a.特快的，快速的；n.快车，快运 failure6 n.①失败，不及格；②失败者；③故障，失灵；④未能 fatal4 a.致命的，毁灭性的 finite2 a.有限的 former10 a.①前任的；②以前的，在前的；pron.前者 frustrate1 v.挫败，阻挠，使灰⼼ fund14 n.资⾦，基⾦；v.资助，投资 governor1 n.总督，州（省）长 hip2 n.髋部；a.时髦的 humble2 a.①谦卑的，恭顺的；②低下的，卑微的；v.降低，贬抑 ideal5 a.①理想的，完美的；②空想的；③理想主义的；④唯⼼的；n.理想 imply12 v.意指，含...意思，暗⽰ inevitable5 a.不可避免的，必然发⽣的 intend15 v.想要，打算，企图 justice2 n.①公正，公平；②审判，司法；③法官 justify8 v.证明...是正当的，认为有理 measure14 v.测量；n.①尺⼨，⼤⼩；②［常pl.］措施，办法；③法案，法律规定 mere7 a.①纯粹的；②仅仅，只不过 obvious13 a.明显的，显⽽易见的 optional1 a.可以任选的，⾮强制的 painful5 a.疼痛的，使痛苦的 perish1 v.①丧⽣；②凋谢；③毁灭，消亡 physician10 n.内科医⽣ potential13 a.①潜在的，可能的；②势的，位的；n.潜能，潜⼒ procedure4 n.程序，⼿续，步骤 productive4 a.⽣产（性）的，能产的，多产的 prolong3 v.拉长，延长 proof2 n.①证据，证明；②校样，样张 pursuit6 n.①追赶，追求；②职业，⼯作 quest3 n.寻求 quote5 v.引⽤，援 reality10 n.①现实，实际；②真实 remark7 n.（about，on）评语，议论，意见；v.①（on）评论，谈论；②注意到，察觉 replace7 v.①放回，替换，取代；②归还 reserve2 n.①储备（物），储藏量，储备⾦；②缄默，谨慎；v.①保留，储备；②预定，预约 resource7 n.①［pl.］资源，财⼒；②办法，智谋；③应变能⼒；④设备 reverse1 n.①相反，反转，颠倒；②背⾯，后⾯；a.相反的，倒转的；v.颠倒，倒转，（使）倒退 scholar5 n.学者 sentence9 n.①句⼦；②判决，宣判；v.宣判，判决 shield2 n.①防护物，护罩；②盾，盾状物；v.保护，防护 solve9 v.解决，解答 supreme2 a.①极度的，最重要的；②⾄⾼的，的 surgeon1 n.外科医⽣ sustain5 v.①⽀撑，撑住；②维持，持续，经受，忍耐 system31 n.①系统，体系；②制度，体制 technology27 n.⼯艺，技术 therapy2 n.治疗，理疗 threaten8 v.①恐吓，威胁；②有...危险，快要来临 trend12 n.倾向，趋势；v.伸向，倾向 unlikely5 a.未必的，靠不住的 vain2 a.①徒劳的，徒然的；②⾃负的，虚荣的；n.徒劳，⽩费 worth5 n.价值；a.值得的 advance10 v.①前进，进展；②推进，促进；③提出（建议等）；④提前；n.①前进，进展；②预付，预⽀ cataract1 n.①⼤瀑布；②⽩内障 cautiously1 ad.慎重地 clinical1 a.临床的 consumer20 n.消费者 dazzlingly1 ad.灿烂地，耀眼地 depression2 n.①沮丧，消沉；②（经济）萧条，不景⽓ disapproval1 n.不赞成 disintegrate1 vt.（使）分解，（使）碎裂 expectancy2 n.期待，期望 extravagantly1 ad.挥霍⽆度地 flexibly1 ad.易曲地，柔软地 genetically2 ad.遗传地 inability1 n.⽆能，⽆⼒ ineffective2 a.⽆效的 infirm1 a.弱的，不坚固的，柔弱的 leader10 n. overfund1 vt.对...提供充⾜资⾦ productively1 ad.有结果地，有成果地 reasonably2 ad.适度地，相当地 routinely1 ad.例⾏公事地 surgical1 a.外科的，⼿术上的；n.外科病房，外科⼿术 treatment7 n.待遇，对待，处理，治疗 unaffordable1 a.供应不起的 underfund1 vt.投资不⾜ unimaginable2 a.，想不到的，不可思议的 unsustainable1 a.不能成⽴的，不能⽀持的　难句1 Shielded by third party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. ［结构分析］ 1. 本句主⼲结构为：... we demand everything ... ； 2. everything后⾯是that引导的定语从句，that在从句中作主语； 3. 第⼀个逗号前为过去分词短语shielded引导的状语成分，第⼆个逗号后⾯是even if引导的让步状语从句； ［本句难点］主要是过去分词作状语，以及定语从句的⽤法； ［⽅法对策］抓住句⼦主⼲，然后再分析状语等其他成分； ［例句精译］由于医疗费⽤由第三⽅⽀付，我们常常要求⽤尽所有的医疗⼿段，即使它们不会有任何作⽤。

TEXT 4 Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil. You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today. After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too. Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling,smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda-to lure us to open our wallets-they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. "Celebrate!" commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks. What we forget-what our economy depends on us forgetting-is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air. 36. By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that . ［A］ poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music ［B］ art grows out of both positive and negative feelings ［C］ poets today are less skeptical of happiness ［D］ artists have changed their focus of interest 37. The word "bummer" (Line 5, Paragraph 5) most probably means something . ［A］ religious ［B］ unpleasant ［C］ entertaining ［D］ commercial 38. In the author’s opinion, advertising . ［A］ emerges in the wake of the anti happy art ［B］ is a cause of disappointment for the general public ［C］ replaces the church as a major source of information ［D］ creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself 39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes . ［A］ happiness more often than not ends in sadness ［B］ the anti happy art is distasteful but refreshing ［C］ misery should be enjoyed rather than denied ［D］ the anti happy art flourishes when economy booms 40. Which of the following is true of the text? ［A］ Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery. ［B］ Art provides a balance between expectation and reality. ［C］ People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society. ［D］ Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths. agenda2 n.议事⽇程 anchor2 n.①锚；②新闻节⽬主持⼈；v.抛锚，停泊 argue19 v.①争论，辩论；②认为，主张，论证；③说服 author69 n.①作者；②创始⼈ average17 n.平均（数）；a.①平均的；②普通的，⼀般的；v.平均，均分 balance5 v.称，（使）平衡；n.①天平，秤；②平衡，均衡；③差额，结余，余款 beam1 n.①（横）梁，桁条；②（光线的）束，柱；v.①微笑；②发光 boom7 v.①繁荣，兴旺；②发出隆隆声；n.①繁荣，兴隆；②隆隆声；③激增 cause28 n.①原因，理由；②事业，事件，奋⽃⽬标；v.使产⽣，引起 celebrity1 n.名声，名⼈ cite3 v.引⽤，引证，举（例） command2 n.①命令，指令；②统帅，指挥（权）；③掌握，运⽤能⼒；v.①命令，要求；②指挥，统帅；③掌握，控制 commercial5 a.商业的，商务的，贸易的 communication11 n.①通讯，传达；②［pl.］通讯系统；③［pl.］交通（⼯具）；④交流 create20 v.①创造，创作；②引起，造成，建⽴ culture21 n.①修养，教养；②⽂化，⽂明 damn1 v.谴责 dedicate5 v.奉献，把...⽤在 deny5 v.①否认，否定；②拒绝 depend16 v.（on）取决于，依靠，信赖，相信 depict1 v.描绘，描写 disappoint3 v.使失望，使扫兴 disaster2 n.灾难，天灾 economy29 n.①节约；②经济 emerge9 v.浮现，出现 emotion4 n.情绪，情感 era2 n.时代，年代，阶段，纪元 evil1 a.邪恶的，罪恶的；n.邪恶，罪恶 exhaust1 v.①使筋疲⼒尽，耗尽；②抽完，汲⼲；n.①排⽓装置；②废⽓ expectation2 n.预期，期望，指望 explore4 v.①勘探，探测；②探究，探索 express4 v.表达，表⽰；a.特快的，快速的；n.快车，快运 expression9 n.①表达，表⽰；②短语，词句，措词；③式，符号 feature9 n.①特征，特⾊；②（报纸或杂志）特写；③容貌，⾯貌；v.给显著地位 flourish2 v.繁荣，茂盛，兴旺 focus12 n.焦点，（活动，兴趣等的）中⼼；v.（on/upon）使聚集，集中 function10 n.①功能，作⽤；②［pl.］职务，职责；③函数；v.起作⽤ ideal5 a.①理想的，完美的；②空想的；③理想主义的；④唯⼼的；n.理想 ideology2 n.意识形态，思维⽅式 illusion1 n.幻想 incline2 v.①（使）倾斜，（使）偏向；②（使）倾向于；n.斜坡，斜⾯ information44 n.①通知，报告；②情报，信息 innocent1 a.①（of）清⽩的，⽆罪的；②⽆害的；③天真的，单纯的，⽆知的 intend15 v.想要，打算，企图 literacy1 n.有⽂化，有教养，有读写能⼒ lure3 v.引诱 major11 a.（较）⼤的，（较）重要的；n.①专业，主修科⽬；②专业学⽣；③少校；v.（in）主修，专攻 massacre1 n.残杀，*；v.残杀，集体屠杀 medium2 n.①中间，适中；②媒介物，介质，传导体；a.中等的，适中的 messenger1 n.送信者，使者，传令兵 misery3 n.痛苦，悲惨，不幸 negative4 a.①否定的，消极的，反⾯的；②负的，阴性的；n.①负数；②（摄影）底⽚ perfect5 a.①完善的，⽆瑕的；②完全的，⼗⾜的；v.使完美，改进 perpetual1 a.永久的，永恒的，长期的 poetry6 n.诗歌，诗集 positive4 a.①确实的，明确的；②积极的，肯定的；③正的，阳性的；④⼗⾜的，完全的；n.（摄影）正⽚ potential13 a.①潜在的，可能的；②势的，位的；n.潜能，潜⼒ powerful10 a.强⼤的，有⼒的，有权的 reality10 n.①现实，实际；②真实 reason26 n.①理由，原因；②理性，理智；v.①推论，推理；②说服，评理；③讨论，辩论 refresh1 v.（使）精神振作，（使）精⼒恢复 religion8 n.①宗教，信仰；②信念，信条 religious4 a.宗教的，信教的，虔诚的 replace7 v.①放回，替换，取代；②归还 risk14 v.冒...的危险；n.风险，危险 skeptical2 a.怀疑性的，好怀疑的，⽆神论的 source11 n.①源，源泉；②来源，出处 suit4 v.①合适，适合；②相配，适应；n.①⼀套西服；②诉讼 surround3 v.包围，环绕 wallet1 n.⽪夹，钱包 weird1 a.怪异的，奇怪的；n.命运，宿命 worm4 n.⾍，蠕⾍ advertise12 v.做⼴告 arthritis1 n.关节炎 boring3 a.令⼈厌烦的，乏味的，⽆聊的 bummer1 n.失败，坏事 clove1 n.丁⾹，丁⾹树 daffodil1 n.⽔仙花；a.⽔仙花⾊的 disappointment2 n.失望 distasteful1 a.味道不佳的，（令⼈）不愉快的 eater1 n.吃...的⼈（动物） emergence5 n.浮现，出现 entertaining2 a.①使⼈愉快的；②有趣的 expressive2 a.有表现⼒的，富于表情的 media9 n.媒体 memento1 n.纪念品 onward1 a.向前的；ad.向前，在前⾯ phony1 a.假冒的，虚假的；n.假冒者 reminder3 n.提醒的⼈，暗⽰ sadness1 n.悲哀，悲伤 unreliable1 a.不可靠的 worshipper1 n.礼拜者，崇拜者难句1 But somewhere in the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring,as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil. ［语法分析］ 1. 本句主⼲结构是：...more artists began seeing...as...； 2. 句⾸为but引导的时间状语； 3. as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire s flowers of evil也为状语成分； ［本句难点］本句相对简单，主要是两个时间状语从句的影响； ［⽅法对策］分别找出主句和从句主⼲结构，注意其中包含⼀个see...as...的句型； ［例句精译］但⼤约在19世纪，随着从英国诗⼈沃兹沃斯的《⽔仙花》到法国诗⼈波德莱尔的《恶之花》作品的发表，许多艺术家们开始把快乐看作是平淡的、虚伪的、甚⾄是讨厌的东西。

考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记众所周知，考研是人生的一次重新洗牌和重大机遇，而在考研的四门课程中，英语成了许多考生前进征途上的一只凶猛拦路虎和十分困难的羁跘与障碍。

详细分析历年考研英语试卷，又可以发现主要矛盾在于阅读（占60%的分数），故可谓：得阅读者得天下。

阅读的60分细分为Part A、Part B 和Part C，其中Part A为四篇阅读理解，占40分，是阅读理解考试中的主战场。

那么，阅读Part A有没有什么技巧呢？技巧一：看懂阅读理解其实主要考的是“阅读”之后的“理解”，所以，看得懂乃是第一项技巧。

任何一篇文章，若要能看懂它，至少需要两个条件：认识单词和看明白句子。

单词就像盖房的砖瓦，考研词汇大约为5500个，这不是一个小数字，也并非三两天时间可以记住的，所以，考生必须先买一本考研英语词汇书进行系统、长期的学习和记忆。

（推荐《考研英语词汇真题词频语境记忆》，该书打破了传统考研词汇书按字母顺序排序的做法，而是采用历年真题作为单词出现频率的统计依据，将所有大纲单词及超纲单词按照历年真题出现的频率从高到低排列，而且全部按照考过的不同词义配不同的真题例句，可以使学生用最少的时间获得最好的学习效率）.拿到词汇书之后，首先用大约一周的时间把这些单词中你根本不认识的挑出来，如rear, tedious, deteriorate, plausible, jargon, isotope, ……, （因为这些单词你可能完全不认识，看到之后两眼漆黑，所以称之为“黑”字）. “黑”字是阅读的头一个障碍，单词不认识，句子当然看不懂，所以，消灭“黑”字是当务之急。

（争取用一个月左右的时间消灭它们！)考研词汇中，除“黑”字外，还有大量意思非常明白的所谓“白”字，如：able, benefit, culture, space, topic, ……。

此类单词可一掠而过，除“黑”（完全不认识）和“白”（完全明白）字两类外，还有许多似会不会的“灰”字，如：treaty, tutor, sample, saddle, fuss, ……。

考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记(九)TEXT 2To paraphrase 18th century statesman Edmund Burke, all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing. One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted toknow if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do, she replied, Then I would have to say yes. Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.Such well meaning people just don't understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done.Scientists could adopt middle school classes and present their own research.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its causenot only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to .A．call on scientists to take some actionsB．criticize the misguided cause of animal rightsC．warn of the doom of biomedical researchD．show the triumph of the animal rights movement47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is .A．cruel but naturalB．inhuman and unacceptableC．inevitable but viciousD．pointless and wasteful48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's .A．discontent with animal researchB．ignorance about medical scienceC．indifference to epidemicsD．anxiety about animal rights49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should .A．communicate more with the publicB．employ hi-tech means in researchC．feel no shame for their causeD．strive to develop new cures50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is .A．a well-known humanistB．a medical practitionerC．an enthusiast in animal rightsD．a supporter of animal researchacquire7 v.①取得，获得，占有；②学到action11 n.①行动，行为；②动作，活动；③（on）作用adopt4 v.①采用，采纳，通过；②收养anxiety3 n.①挂念，焦虑，焦急，忧虑；②渴望，热望appearance3 n.①出现，出场，露面；②外表，外貌，外观argument6 n.①争论，辨认；②论据，论点，理由assure2 v.①使确信，使放心；②保证，担保author69 n.①作者；②创始人biology4 n.生物学booth1 n.电话亭，货摊brochure1 n.小册子bypass1 n.旁路，迂回的旁道cause28 n.①原因，理由；②事业，事件，奋斗目标；v.使产生，引起challenge10 n.①挑战（书）；②艰巨任务，难题；v.向...挑战communicate3 v.①传达，传送；②交流；③通讯，通话community17 n.①同一地区的全体居民，社会，社区；②共同体，团体confuse9 v.使混乱，混淆connection2 n.联系，连接criticize3 v.批评，评论depend16 v.（on）取决于，依靠，信赖，相信distribute1 v.①分发，分配；②分布；③配（电）；④（over）散布doom2 n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定editor2 n.编辑，编者encourage13 v.鼓励，怂恿epidemic1 a.①流行性的；②传染的；n.①流行病；②传播extinguish1 v.熄灭，扑灭fair9 a.①公平的，合理的；②相当的，尚好的；③晴朗的；④金发的；n.集市，交易会，博览会fur1 n.毛，毛皮harm2 n./v.伤害，损害，危害hip2 n.髋部；a.时髦的ignorance1 n.①无知，愚昧；②不知道inevitable5 a.不可避免的，必然发生的institution4 n.①公共机构，协会，学校；②制度，惯例knowledge15 n.①知识，学识；②知道，了解laboratory3 n.实验室lest3 conj.惟恐，免得means32 n.方法，手段mislead4 v.把...带错路，使误入歧途oppose7 v.反对，反抗perplex2 v.使困惑，使费解，使复杂化personality9 n.①人格，个性；②人物，名人practitioner2 n.从业者，开业者present16 a.①出席的，到场的；②现在的，目前的；n.①现在，目前；②礼物，赠品；v.①赠（送），呈献；②介绍，陈述；③提出，呈交；④上演process34 n.①过程，进程；②工序，制作法；③工艺；v.加工，处理recruit1 v.招募（新兵），招收（新成员）；n.新兵，新成员replacement1 n.取代，替换，替换物，代替物respond8 v.①回答，答复；②（to）响应school44 n.①学校；②（大学里的）学院，系；③学派，流派science58 n.①科学；②学科setting6 n.①安置，安装；②（日，月的）沉落；③（固定东西的）柜架底座；④环境，背景staff5 n.①全体职工，全体人员；②杠，棒；③参谋部；v.配备工作人员statement7 n.声明，陈述statesman1 n.政治家strive5 v.奋斗，努力target5 n.目标，对象，靶子；vt.以...为目标tend26 v.①趋向，往往是；②照料，看护theory20 n.①理论，原理；②学说，见解，看法；③看法，观点threaten8 v.①恐吓，威胁；②有...危险，快要来临triumph4 n.胜利，成功；v.得胜，战胜ultimate2 a.①最后的，最终的；②根本的vicious1 a.恶毒的，凶残的，邪恶的advance10 v.①前进，进展；②推进，促进；③提出（建议等）；④提前；n.①前进，进展；②预付，预支advocate13 n.提倡者，鼓吹者；v.提倡，鼓吹allegation1 n.主张，断言，辩解biomedical2 a.生物医学的citizenry2 n.公民或市民（集合称）compassionate1 a.有同情心的courageous1 a.勇敢的，有胆量的cruelty1 n.残忍，残酷deceptive2 a.欺骗性的deliberately1 ad.故意地discontent2 n.不满ember1 n.灰烬，余烬enthusiast1 n.热心家，狂热者funding6 n.基金，资金humane1 a.仁慈的，人道的，人文的humanist1 n.人道主义者，人文主义者immunization1 n.使免除，使免疫indifference2 n.不关心，冷漠inhuman1 a.野蛮的leader10 n.misinformation1 n.报错，错误的消息molecular2 a.分子的，由分子组成的paraphrase1 v.解释；n.解释pointless1 a.无意义的stakeholder1 n.股东，赌金保管者treatment7 n.待遇，对待，处理，治疗unacceptable2 a.无法接受的，不受欢迎的unaware3 a.不知道的，没觉察到的unchallenged1 a.未受到挑战的，未引起争论的，不成问题的uninformed1 a.未被通知的，无知的，未受教育的vaccination1 n.种痘，接种疫苗vaccine2 a.疫苗的，牛痘的；n.疫苗难句1To paraphrase 18th century statesman Edmund Burke, all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.［结构分析］1. 本句主要部分是直接引语，直接引语的句子主干部分是：... all ... is + that引导的表语从句；2. all后面的that引导定语从句，修饰all；3. is后面的that引导表语从句；［本句难点］主要是直接引语中两个that和两个is影响理解；［方法对策］分清直接引语中的主干和修饰成分就比较好理解本句了；［例句精译］18世纪政治家爱德蒙·博克曾说过类似这样的话，好人的沉默和旁观，就可以导致坏人事业的胜利。

考研英语阅读高分笔记在考研英语的复习过程中，阅读理解部分是重中之重。

它不仅占据了试卷的大部分分值，更是考察学生综合英语能力的关键环节。

为了在这一环节取得高分，我整理了一些阅读高分笔记，希望能帮助到正在备考的同学们。

首先，词汇量的积累是阅读理解的基础。

考研英语阅读中，生词和专业术语的出现是不可避免的，因此，我们需要通过持续的词汇学习来提高自己的词汇量。

建议每天至少背诵20个单词，并及时复习，以确保记忆的牢固。

其次，阅读速度的提升也是关键。

考研英语阅读材料通常篇幅较长，因此，提高阅读速度可以帮助我们更快地获取信息。

可以通过练习快速阅读技巧，如扫读和略读，来提高阅读效率。

再者，理解文章结构和逻辑关系对于提高阅读准确率至关重要。

在阅读时，我们应学会识别文章的主题句、论点句和论据句，以及它们之间的逻辑关系。

这样可以帮助我们快速把握文章的主旨和作者的观点。

此外，做题技巧也是提高阅读分数的重要环节。

在做题时，我们应先快速浏览问题，然后带着问题去阅读文章，这样可以更有针对性地寻找答案。

同时，注意利用排除法，排除那些明显错误的选项，提高选择正确答案的概率。

最后，定期进行模拟练习和总结反思是提高阅读能力的有效方法。

通过模拟考试，我们可以熟悉考试的节奏和题型，同时，通过总结每次练习中的错误和不足，我们可以不断调整自己的复习策略，以期在真正的考试中取得更好的成绩。

总之，考研英语阅读的高分不是一蹴而就的，它需要我们在日常的学习中不断积累和练习。

通过扩大词汇量、提高阅读速度、理解文章结构、掌握做题技巧以及定期进行模拟练习，我们可以逐步提高自己的阅读能力，最终在考试中取得理想的成绩。

考研英语考研英语阅读笔记————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期：ﻩ英语阅读笔记一.文章的套路结构：（本笔记局限于说明文章,议论文章。

)1．结论说明型A．文章开始出现一个结论,后为对他的解释Ｂ．ＴS(topiｃal seｎｔenｃe即主题句)即为为结论出现支出；注意特别容易的情况是每一段之主题句是该段首句。

C.什么是“判断句”？---通常很重要,判断结论说明型靠判断句，直指主题a．系表结构:be.remainb．含有作者的态度和评价，注意可能有自由褒贬词2．新老观点型A．判断标志:文章开始不久就出现了老观点,例如：ｉｔwas tradｉtｉoｎally assｕmed?ｉｔwａs oｎce /uｓuallｙbeｌｉeｖeｄ？Maｎy ××beｌiｅvｅdｔhaｔ?Ｍany ××ｈavｅargued?It was fｒeｑuｅｎｔlｙａsｓuｍeｄｔhaｔ？Ｉｔｗas univｅｒsａｌｌｙaｃcｅpted thａｔ?过去.传统.大家一致公认的观点，都是老观点。

B.TS:陈述新观点的句子。

Ｃ.新观点特征:对同一focus给出不同的解释。

读到老观点的时候，应该停下来想一想，新观点可能是什么样子,从而往下有目的地寻找。

３.现象解释型A.判断标志:首段给出一个自然的或社会的现象,往往很古怪，下文对其做出解释。

B．可能有多种解释,TS:作者给了正评价的解释。

Ｃ.需要注意的是:a．可能先给出几个错误的(作者持负评价），最后一个才是正确的(正平价)。

ｂ．可能所有解释作者全都不喜欢。

4.问题解决.回答型A.判断标志：a.手段出现了设问句。

b.首段出现了以下词语：problem diffiｃulｔy task puzzle 等Ｂ.ＴS:作者给出正评价的解决方案。

５．其他类的文章前班部分是以上四种结构之一，后半部分讲了一些与前面无关的内容。