雅思写作基础学习知识课补充讲义

我的授课简要内容：第一节：介绍雅思写作,结合雅思四大评分标准，第六代和剑桥考官范文讲解线图和饼图第二节：结合第六代和剑桥考官范文讲解柱状图和表格第三节：结合剑桥考官范文、第六代及2010年真题介绍流程图、地图等第四节：结合雅思四大评分标准、第六代、剑桥考官的范文及2006-2010年考试真题讲解大作文的四大主要模式及结构、审题、论证方法和结尾段方法第五节：结合雅思2006-2010年考试真题讲解教育和语言核心话题第六节：结合雅思2006-2010年考试真题讲解科技话题和环境话题第七节：结合雅思2006-2010年考试真题讲解国际合作与交流、媒体与广告核心话题第八节：结合雅思2006-2010年考试真题讲解政府职能及其它社会现象与问题第九节：介绍找分论点的15个原则, 词汇及句型NEW CHANNEL INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GROUP LIMITED第一节介绍和讲解线图和饼图教学目标：了解雅思写作考试的相关细节,掌握雅思四大评分标准，第六代和学写线图和饼图总体安排：课时—小时教学内容：讲解大小作文的细节，结合雅思四大评分标准和剑桥考官范文讲解线图和饼图教学方法：讲解课件，剑桥考官范文与复印材料教学重点：结合雅思四大评分标准掌握线图和饼图的写作方法教学难点：短期掌握线图和饼图的固定句型及写作技巧，并改掉作文中重复的语法与标点错误教学亮点：小作文考试的快速突破技巧及核心固定句型Overall，/In general, /On the whole, it is evident/obvious/clear( to note)/notable (from the fihures/information provided by the graph）that…，while/ whilst/ whereas …；Provided is the line chart revealing ….;The following ten years witnessed a considerable/three-fold rise in…；There was a significant growth in the following…, hitting the highest point at…in…; (Likewise,)A substantial increase was (also) found/ seen in…/ came/ occured to… (over the same period);The number of… suffered a huge decline between…and…, then dipping to…in…; Thereafter, however,…lost the favour of…, dropping from…in…to…in…;Ne xt came …, at…, doubling/tripling…;…—the second favoured…ranked/listed/ involved/in question/in the rankings—constituted…;…enjoined the same popularity as …, equaling…;…, by contrast, is shown to fall steadily in the same period to…from…;When it com es to…, however, the reverse is true等课后作业：熟悉写作考试话题，小作文考试类型与结构，做第六代中的P70，82，83，86练习，阅读及背诵剑桥雅思考试考官的线图(C5T1)和饼图(G7T4)范文各一篇，及摘抄出描述趋势、比较和总结的句型、并各模写(G6T2, 指定)一篇一. 介绍（10mins）1. 进考场应该弄清楚的四个问题1）雅思作文开头段就要表明自己的观点吗？2）被动语态更容易拿高分吗？3）雅思作文可以采用缩写吗？4）雅思作文到底多久会重复一次？2. 评分标准任务的完成；结构的完整性和逻辑的连贯性；语言表达的准确性和流畅性；论证能力（主要是Task2）中国人作文得分很低的原因：不明白英汉两种语言的差别英语的句子是化零为整，中文是化整为零。

雅思写作课程讲义1. 导言雅思写作作为雅思考试的一部分，在考生中具有重要的地位。

良好的写作能力不仅可以帮助考生在雅思考试中取得好成绩，也对考生今后的学习和工作具有重要意义。

因此，在雅思写作课程中，我们将会对雅思写作的基本技巧、常见题型和考试策略进行详细讲解，帮助考生提升写作水平。

2. 雅思写作的基本技巧2.1. 语法和词汇雅思写作中，语法和词汇是考生最基础的要求。

在写作过程中，考生需要注意自己的句子结构是否清晰，用词是否准确。

为了提升语法和词汇水平，考生可以多读写英语文章，积累一些常用的词汇和固定搭配。

2.2. 句子的连贯性在雅思写作中，句子的连贯性对于提升写作分数至关重要。

考生需要合理使用过渡词、连接词以及代词等，使句子之间有逻辑关系，并且流畅地表达自己的观点。

2.3. 长短句结合在文章中，考生可以使用长句和短句结合的方式，以增加文章的变化性和层次感。

适当使用长句可以展示考生较高的语言水平，而短句则可以突出主题，增强表达的力度。

3. 雅思写作常见题型3.1. 图表题雅思写作中，经常会出现关于图表的题目，例如柱状图、饼图、表格等。

对于这类题型，考生需要学会正确解读图表，并且能够准确描述图表中的数据变化和趋势。

3.2. 讨论题雅思写作中的讨论题要求考生就某个观点或者议题进行阐述，提出自己的观点并给出支持理由。

在这类题型中，考生需要灵活运用各种句型，展示自己的观点和论证能力。

3.3. 任务型题任务型题是雅思写作中的一种常见题型。

在这类题型中，考生需要完成一系列写作任务，例如描述过程、解决问题等。

考生需要根据题目要求，合理组织文章结构，并进行清晰的逻辑分析。

4. 雅思写作的考试策略4.1. 时间管理在雅思写作考试中，时间管理是非常重要的。

考生需要在规定的时间内完成写作任务，因此，合理安排写作时间，控制好每个部分的时间分配是必要的。

4.2. 注意字数雅思写作要求考生在规定的字数范围内完成写作任务。

因此，考生需要在考试前熟悉每个部分的字数要求，并在写作过程中限制自己的篇幅，确保不超出或者不达到字数要求。

雅思基础班写作讲义【观点型作文模板】首段部分：一，（背景句）In this day and age, 主题词is advancing at an amazing rate in a host of arenas.二，（观点导入句）As to/ Concerning the issuewhether…or…, people from all walks of life can hardly reach an absolute consensus. whether+ 从句…or not, there exists a fierce controversy among people.三，主旨句讨论①If it is up to me, my objective analyses for their views will be based on the following parts.②Personally, I think that both of their views have reasonable/rational exposition.单边讨论①For my part, the boons brought by far outweigh its bane. (事物)②Personally, I think that their view has both merit and demerit. （观点）纯倾向①As I see it, my view will be identical with the advocates'/objectors'.②Personally, I am inclined to the advocates'/objectors' view.主体部分：讨论A（第二段）The advocates hold a view that 正面观点，based on the following reasons. To begin with, 理由一；拓展2-3句话Additionally, 理由二；拓展1-2句话Lastly, 理由二；拓展1-2句话讨论B（第三段）The objectors,however, argue that 反面观点, with the following supporting reasons.In the first place, 理由一；拓展2-3句话In the second place, 理由二；拓展1-2句话In the third place, 理由二；拓展1-2句话单边讨论型第二段Admittedly, 话题can bring about numerous benefits to us.In the first place, 理由一；拓展2-3句话In the second place, 理由二；拓展1-2句话In the third place, 理由二；拓展1-2句话Undeniably，doubtless to say,单边讨论型第三段However, it would be erroneous if we failed to acknowledge its drawbacks. On one hand, 理由一；拓展1-3句话On the other hand, 理由二；拓展1-3句话纯倾向（第二段） First and foremost, no one can fail to take into account that +句子（理由一）拓展 3-4句话纯倾向（第三段） In addition, it goes without saying that + 句子（理由二）拓展 3-4句话纯倾向（第四段） Last but not least, there is no denying the fact that +句子（理由三）拓展 3-4句话结尾部分：单边（倾向）To conclude, I concede that we can profit from the advantages of …… immensely. Yet, we should not neglect its disadvantages. On balance, we should seek out the most effective approach to make full use of its advantages and avoid its disadvantages. Ignore, lose sight of ...双边In a nutshell, we can draw a conclusion that both their views have reasonable exposition/elaboration. As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to …, but I will not concede that ….纯单边Taking all the reasons into consideration, all the evidence lends the strongest support to my convincing conclusion that +句子（结论）救命结尾模板：To put all into one nutshell,there is no rose without thorns, has no exception.Whether it is ablessing or a curse is dependent on how moderately or appropriately we employ . What we should do is to figure out the balance between them, bringing its strengths into full play and diminishing its weaknesses into least extent.★模板不是千篇一律的，要活用模板！很多观点型作文模板可以相互套用！【现象问题型模板】首段部分：一，背景句In this day and age, 主题词is advancing at a staggering rate in a host of arenas. 二，导入问题，现象句It has been cast into sharp focus that + 句子 . 三，说明句vexing/perplexing problem confronting the modern people. acute/severe/grave/serious This has become a(n)thorny/buring/pressingprominent/striking/noticeableConfront sb with sth, sb confront sth主体部分：分析原因（第二段）As I see it, there are some causes to explain such a phenomenon as the followed.（分析原因，过渡句）【或者】From my own perspective, the causes leading to 现象are manifold/diverse/twofold.First and foremost, 原因一mainly contribute(s) to the phenomenon of ……. （分论点1）拓展部分What's worse/more, we partly attribute the problem of现象to 原因二. （分论点2）拓展部分Lastly, 原因三is also the culprit of the phenomenon of …（分论点3）拓展部分分析后果（第二段）As I see it, 现象、问题perhaps will breed/generate several consequences/effects as the following parts.（主题句1）【或者】From my own perspective, if such a phenomenon is not appropriately disposed of, many problems/dangers/perils/hazards will ensue.In the first place, the phenomenon of ……will mainly spawn the 后果一. （分论点1）拓展部分In the second place, the phenomenon of ……will contribute to 后果二. （分论点2）拓展部分In the final place, the phenomenon of ……will engender 后果三. （分论点3）拓展部分解决措施（第三段）Given the severity of such a problem, we should adopt effective measures without any delay to eliminate the problem as the followed.（主题句2）【或者】With a view to solving such a problem, we have no alternative but to take immediatemeasures as the followed.On one hand, 措施一（分论点1）拓展部分On the other hand, 措施二（分论点2）拓展部分救命结尾措施模板：To walk out of such difficult situation, we have no alternative but to adopt immediate measures to eliminate the serious problem. What the government or authorities concerned should do is to 政府措施. Meanwhile, as an individual, we should 个人措施.【范文1】Nowadays, impacts energy fuels, such as petrol, natural gas and coal, exert on the development of human society are profound on a large scale.(背景句) It has been cast into sharp relief that the development of human society is increasingly demanding for energy fuels.（话题导入句）As I see it, such a phenomenon will breed three main consequences as the followed. (主旨句)In the first place, such a phenomenon may give rise to the rampantover-exploitation of energy fuels.(后果一) More often than not, human society is developing by leaps and bounds with the large depletion of natural energies. Obviously, the surging demand for natural resources will definitely lead to the increasing prices of natural resources. Hence, a growing number of people will over-exploitate these resources for the sake of maximum profits.In the second place, the phenomenon of increasing consumption of energy resources will engender a large quantity of pollutants.（后果二）For example, the process of refining the energy fuels: petroleum, will emit a huge amount of fumes, which include carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Particularly, the sulfur dioxide is the culprit of acid rain which may devastate the forest and crops. Thus, it will exert a negative influence on environment.In the final place, such a phenomenon will generate the regional conflicts.（后果三）Since the energy fuel is limited, more people or nations will be involved in potential conflicts for the precious resources. So, regional confrontations are inevitable.To walk out of this difficult situation, some effective and feasible measures should be adopted without any delay. What the authorities must do is to pass laws and regulation to alleviate the surging demand for energy fuels. And meanwhile, individuals should spare no efforts to economize the use of energy fuels.[314 words]【或者结尾】Given the severity of such a problem, we should adopt immediate measures without anydelay to eliminate the problem as the followed. On one hand, international society and authorities concerned should make joint efforts to alleviate the surging demand for energy fuels.On the other hand, as an individual, we should spare no efforts to economize the use of energyfuels.【范文2】In present-day society, advertisement industry is advancing by leaps and bounds in a host of arenas(背景句). It has to be admitted that there exists a fierce controversy among people as to the issue whether we can get benefits from the ban of all forms of advertisements or not（观点导入句）. For my part, the advantages brought by advertisings far out weigh its drawbacks.（主旨句）.Admittedly, advertisements have some disadvantages in our society.（主题句①）. On one hand, advertisement is annoying(理由①). Internet is always awash with Spam which is disturbing our surfing internet. Besides, TV programs are often interrupted by a sudden advent of advertisements. So it is annoying for us. On the other hand, some advertisements provide some misleading and distorted information to the audience(理由②). For example, some advertisements have exaggerated the products, which cheat the consumers misled by the advertisements. This has infringed on the rights of consumers. Hence, it is proper to ban some irritating and fraudulent advertisements.However, it would be erroneous if we failed to acknowledge advertisements' advantages.（主题句②）. In the first place, advertisements will create a win-win situation to both manufacturers and consumers(理由①). In fact, some consumers demand for a specific commodity, but they are notinformed about which product is suitable for them. Meanwhile, some manufacturers will sell their products but no one knows their products. Under such a circumstance, can advertisement help manufacturer to publicize their commodities and give information to consumers which product can be purchased. In the second place, some non-commercial advertisement is serving for social welfares(理由②). For example, somenon-commercial advertisements educate the public to be aware of the importance of charity or environment protection. In the final place, advertisement is one of the most pervasive industries(理由③). It will contribute a vast amount of money to people and support the huge industry of media. Without advertisement, most of forms media will soon disappear. Thereby, it is not convincing to prohibit all kinds of advertisements.To conclude, I concede that some advertisements serve no useful purpose, or even misleading information in various media, yet we should not neglect the blessings brought by advertisements. As far I am concerned, the ban of all forms of advertisement should be prudent(总结个人看法). On balance, we should seek out the most effective method to make full use of the benefits of advertisements and avoid their drawbacks as possible.【或者结尾】To put all into one nutshell, there is no rose without thorns, advertisements have no exception. Whether it is a blessing or a curse is dependent on how moderately or appropriately we employ them. What we should do is to figure out a rational balance between them, bringing its strengths into full play and diminishing its weaknesses to the least extent.【范文3】In this day and age, technology is revolutionizing the way that we live, and especially communicate. (背景句) Concerning the issue whether e-mail will completely replace the letter-writing or not, people from all walks of lives can hardly reach an absolute consensus.(导入观点句) Some people think that new technology, such ase-mail, will eliminate the letter-writing gradually, while some others say that letter-writing will be retained in future. (提出正反两个观点) Personally, my objective analyses for their views will be given as the followed.(主旨句)Now that e-mail brings about numerous strengths to our communication, the advocates hold their view based on the following cogent reasons.(主题句①：正方观点) First and foremost, using e-mail can augment the working efficiency during the process of going about daily routines.(理由①) For example, it usually takes at least a week to send a letter from China to the U.K, but sending an e-mail is always simultaneous and instant with receiving e-mail in different places of the globe. So, using e-mail is time-saving and efficient. Furthermore, the security of using e-mail can be assured on a large scale. (理由②) Compared with letter-writing, sending an e-mail is processed in the digital programs, not by various means of transportations: ship, plane and car. Lastly, using e-mail is cost-effective. (理由③) In China, it costs at least 1yuan (about 10 pence of the U.K) to send a postcard, but it almost free to send an e-mail to one of your friends. Obviously, using e-mail is money-saving. However, given that letter-writing has its own advantages, the objectors hold such a viewpoint grounded as the following reasons.(主题句②反方观点) In the first place, business letters are very formal paper documents that need to be kept in archives.(理由①) As a case in point, business contracts should be sent。

2010年冲刺班雅思A类写作讲义主讲：刘巍巍第一讲雅思高分写作思路总览雅思写作高分：7分或7分以上第一节的内容：1．雅思写作的整体介绍2．高分写作的要求3．解决问题的方案4．课程的总览一．雅思写作的整体介绍General Introduction听力、阅读考试之后60分钟Task 1 and Task 2A类和G类的区别：task 2 议论文task 1 A：图表作文G：书信评分：以T ask 2 为主二：高分写作的要求评分标准：Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(论证，论点和论据)Communicative Quality(交流质量)Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)1.避免使用过于低级的单词The problem becomes worse by the poor effects we made.The problem was compounded due to the ineffective measures we had taken.They claim that sports lead to competition rather than cooperation is only an incorrect argument.The claim that sports lead to competition rather than cooperation is only a lame argument.People face violence and crimes on TV and films every day.People are bombarded by violence and crimes on TV and films every day.The kind of growth may lead to very bad results.The kind of growth may lead to dire consequences.consequence:far-reaching（深远的）, profound（深刻的）, adverse（不利的）, catastrophic（灾难的）, damaging（破坏性的）, devastating（破坏性的）, dire（可怕的）, disastrous（灾难的）, fatal（致命的）, tragic（悲惨的）, severe （严重的）,2.避免过分重复同一样的单词Mothers enjoy the same right for career advancement as fathers do.Mothers are just as entitled to career advancement as fathers.Mothers are empowered to career advancement as fathers.3.尽可能展示多变的句型定语从句：China is the largest developing country and is enjoying rapid economic growth. As a result, in the streets of major cities in China, there are thousands of vehicles of all kinds.As the largest developing country, China is enjoying rapid economic growth, the evidence of which can be seen in all major cities whose streets are teeming with thousands of vehicles of all kinds.倒装句：Young people are so impulsive and easily influenced that they are constantly tricked by advertisement in all forms of media.Impulsive and easily influenced as young people are, they are constantly tricked by advertisement in all forms of media.伴随状语：It is common now for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week because they have to sit through one extra class after another.It is common for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week, sitting through one extra class after another.设问句：Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between peoples, learning foreign languages still make sense.Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between people, would there be no point in learning foreign languages? By no means.Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(论证，论点和论据)Some people think that in order to improve the quality of education, high school students should be encouraged to evaluate and criticize their teachers, but other people maintain that such evaluation and criticism may cause loss of respect for teachers and discipline. What do you think?有人认为，为了提高教育质量，我们应该鼓励高中生对自己的老师进行评估；别的人却认为这种评估是不尊重教师、违反学校纪律的行为。

雅思写作基础课堂补充材料第一讲一、雅思写作综合介绍二、英文写作基础知识（一）英语句子的基本成分1、主语：句中要说明的人、事、物，可以由名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句来担当。

主语从句作主语，it作形式主语：(1) 名词性句型：It is often the case/the fact/a well-known fact/a popular (common) belief that…(2) 主动句型：It seems that…It goes without saying that…(3) 被动句型It is (generally/widely/extensively/universally/commonly)said/believed/reported/ accepted/announced/estimated/acknowledged that…It is must be admitted/stressed out that…It cannot be denied/can be foreseen that…(4) 形容词性句型It is obvious/generally arguable/ harmful that…It is as clear as crystal that…不定式作主语，it作形式主语It is +adj./n. (for sb.) to do sth.It is almost impossible to talk of our vivid earth without mentioning the significant roles played by various wild animals.It is not efficient for the commuters to use their private cars to and back from their workplaces.It is hard to imagine the limited distribution provided by the criminal underworld could compete with this tragic figure.2、谓语：用来说明主语的状态、动作或者特征，主要由及物动词、不及物动词、系动词或情态动词+v.原形构成的。

雅思写作完全攻略Total Solution of IELTS Writing俞伟国－2009－雅思考试作文部分题型课时安排：Marking SystemEssay WritingIntroductionBodyConclusionStructureReport Writing近年雅思考试中国大陆考区作文部分得分情况(From Mat Clark)Band4 or below: 15%-20% Band5: 60% Band6: 15%-20% Band7: <5% Band8 or above: RareKey Language Features in Marking SystemTask Response:1. No evidence of digression/irrelevant content2. Adequate Words3. Position + Supporting Ideas + DevelopmentCoherence and Cohesion1.Logical overall structure2.Topic Sentence3.Cohesive devicesLexical Resource1.Accurateness2.Authentic Vocabulary (Less-common Vocabulary)3.VarietyGrammatical Range and Accuracy1.Accuratenessplex Sentence3.Variety欢迎光临俞老师的BLOG:Chapter One－Essay Writing第一章. 议论文完全攻略______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________Part One－Introduction－闪亮开篇－－Version －Structure of Introduction1. Background Information(1). Lead-in Sentence (Introduce the subject of the topic)(2). Public Opinion2. Statement(State your position)1．主体背景（Background Information）(1) In the last century, the first man walking on the moon said: “It is a big step for mankind”. However, some people think it ma de______________________________, when ________________________________________________________________for the first time, he _____________________________________________________ that it was a great step for mankind. Nowadays, however, some people believe that it actually _____________________________________________________Language Skill: Paraphrase方法之一－具体化(笼统概念－缩小范围)(2) Food can be produced much more cheaply today because of improved fertilizers and better machinery. However, some people think the methods used to do this may have negative effects on local communities and be dangerous to human health.Nowadays people can _______________ food far more _______________ _________________________ more _______________ fertilizers and machinery. Nevertheless, some people hold the methods used may ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill:Paraphrase 方法之二－单词转换（优先考虑三大词类：）Paraphrase方法之三－句型转换（方法1 ）(方法2)(3) Many people say teachers should only teach students academic subjects；Others say teachers should also take the responsibility of teaching students to judge what is right and wrong.Some people hold the opinion that ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________While some argue that ______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________Language Skill: 句型转换(方法3)(4) Some people believe that air travel should be prohibited as it uses up fuel resources and causes pollution. Do you agree or disagree with the statement You should use your own experience to support your argument.According to some __________, air travel should be _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill: Paraphrase思路顺序：单词转换>句型转换>具体化(5Some people propose that___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法4)(6). In modern society, there are more and more old people, do you think its benefits outweigh its disadvantages______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill:信息量偏少的Topic Introduction写作对策追根溯源法－Factor(s) [因]－Phenomenon (Subject) [果]2. 总论点(Statement)Topic－If children behave badly, should their parents accept responsibility and also be punishedAverage Example：In my opinion, the parents should not be punished. Decent Example：In my opinion, the parents should not be punished except that (unless) they are those who purposefully teach the child to behave badly.Topic－Some people think that it is beneficial for students to go to private secondary schools. But others feel that it has negative effects on them. Discuss the both viewpointsFrom my point of view, it is an ideal choice to send children to private middle schools ______________________________Exercise1: Topic－Should college students be allowed to get married______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法5)Exercise2: Topic－Should college students be encouraged to take up part-time jobs ______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法6)3. Report－Introduction写作对策Today, the phenomenon that_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________has aroused growing concern.In my opinion, a lot of factors contribute to the problem and in this article, I would like to _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*This phenomenon, as far as I am concerned, can be attributed to the following causes, which could be regarded as the apple of discord.Structure of Report Introduction1. Lead-in Sentence (Paraphrase the first sentence in the topic)2. Plan A: Essay StatementPlan B: Linking SentenceExercise1:Exercise2: Topic－Pressure on the school and university students is increasing and students are pushed to studyExercise3: Topic－欢迎光临俞老师的BLOG:Part Two－Body－中流砥柱－－Version －分论点的要求：1.字数要求：One complex sentence preferred. Around 20 words.2. 分论点四项基本原则：(1). 内容原则：分论点应该体现为一种_____________________________并且与总论点为_________________关系。

雅思写作冲刺时间：一个小时，无法超时上午九点考试，写作往往是11点开始考。

一般学生考到这里的时候就蒙了。

雅思写作考试是国内考试时间最长的一个，比托福等都长。

图表作文只占了1/3的分数，那议论文就占了2/3。

G类也要按A类要求去做。

Academic writing 的特殊要求1.Some teachers don't know how to use computers to help the students effectively. 不能用缩写，凡是用了缩写的都是业余选手，专业选手必须要用，do not.. Shouldn't 也是错的，特别提醒大家，cannot 中间没有空格。

如果你不相信我说的话，我建议你可以翻下剑5剑6，一个缩写你都找不到。

2.Historic buildings attracts lots of visitors and can improve local economy. 大家觉得哪个是口语词汇。

其中lots of 是特别口语化词汇，可以用numerous或者a host of 这两个单词修饰可数名词。

A great deal of 不可数。

3.The impact of tourism on these neighbourhoods should be analyzed. 下次你看到任何-ze 结尾的都是美式英语，-se 结尾的都是英式英语，而这里的neighbourhood 是英式英语，而neighborhood是美式英语，有些同学会问是不是雅思考试当中只能用英式英语呢？不是这样的，在剑桥6中明确说了可以用英语或美式，但两者不能混合使用。

我建议大家-our -se 是英式的，-or -ze 是美式的，这两者的区别是最常见的，其他的我们就没有必要掌握了。

4.Children in wealthy families are more and more depend on their parents.这里哪里不像学术写作呢。

雅思写作第一节课课堂讲义Unit 1 雅思IELTS 考试写作简介雅思考试写作部分在听力和阅读后进行，由两部分组成，TASK1和TASK2。

要求考生在60分钟内完成两篇文章的写作。

普通培训类和学术类考生在写作的考试内容上有一些区别。

两类写作TASK2题目类型基本相同，考试的结构和要求也大体相同，要求在40分钟完成250字左右的议论文。

类似英美国家学校里任课教师布置的课堂讨论作文。

一般要求考生根据自己的知识和经验就一个现象阐明自己的态度和见解，或就一个观点发表自己赞同或反对的观点。

学术类写作TASK 1（ACADEMIC TRAINING MODULE）要求考生对题目中给出的各类图表加以观察和分析，并根据已知的图表和资料写一篇不少于150字的小短文。

考得较多的有曲线图、柱状图、饼状图、表格、饼图等。

也有可能考到两种不同种类的图。

另外，流程图和示意图也偶尔考到。

时间20分钟。

普通培训类写作TASK1（GENERAL TRAINING MODULE）则要求考生就某个假设的场景写一封信. 到目前为止，出现较多的书信种类有投诉信、请求信、建议信、寻找失物信、邀请信等。

20分钟内完成150个字的文章。

总之，就题目的难度而言，GENERAL TRAINING MODULE 普通类写作比ACADEMIC TRAINING MODULE学术类写作稍微简单一些。

评分标准The examiner reads your answer and awards band score of between 1(did not answer the question) and 9 (native speaker-like ) according to these criteria: ? 1.T ask Response (i.e. how fully and appropriately the candidate has answered all parts of the task; the extent to which the candidate's ideas are relevant, developed and supported; the extent to which the candidate's position isclear and effective)2.Coherence and Cohesion (i.e. how well the information and ideas are organized and presented i.e. paragraphing; how well the information is linked) ?3.Lexical Resource (i.e. the range of vocabulary used, how accurately it is used and how appropriate it is for the task)4.Grammatical Range and Accuracy (i.e. the range of structures used, how accurately they are used and how appropriate they are for the task)The band scores are then added together divided by 3 and rounded to determine your band score for this task.Writing Overall Band = 1 / 3* Task1 + 2 / 3*Task2For example: Task1 =6Task2 =7Overall Band = 1 / 3* 6 + 2 / 3*7= 6.5Unit 2 曲线图1.描述上升的单词increase rise grow go up词汇升级：creep up ≤10edge up 10 ease up 20boom 30 surge 45 soar 60 swell 70 escalate 80 rocket 902．描述下降的单词decrease drop decline fall go down词汇升级：creep down ≤10edge down 10 ease down 20ebb 30 subside 45 slump 60 collapse 70 plunge 80 plummet 903．描述波动的单词fluctuate --- fluctuation go up and down rise and fall例：Sales of Computers 1995There was a slight growth in the sales of computers from Jan to Feb. However, they increased dramatically to a peak in the next month. After that, there was a downward trend in sales between Mar and Aug, which leveled off by the end of Dec.Task 1每部分的结构:例题分析example 1WRITING TASK 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe graph below shows the number of passengers in a London underground station at different times of the day.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting themain features and make comparisons where relevant.You should write at least 150 words.Number of passengers at a London underground stationThe line graph illustrates the fluctuation in the number of people at a London underground station over the course of a day.开头段三种万能方法：①改单词②换句型③加信息The busiest time of the day is in the morning. There is a sharp increase between 06:00 and 08:00, with 400 people using the station at 8 o'clock. After this the numbers drop quickly to less than 200 at 10 o'clock. Between 11 am and 2 pm the number rises, with a plateau of just under 300 people using the station.In the afternoon, numbers decline, with less than 100 using the station at 4 pm. There is then a rapid rise to a peak of 380 at 6 pm. After 7 pm, numbers fall significantly, with only a slight increase again at 8pm, tailing off after 9 pm.Overall, the graph shows that the station is most crowded in the early morning (around 08:00) and early evening (around 18:00) periods.例题分析2:Sample 2WRITING TASK 1---“例2”You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe graph below shows the annual amount of fish caught in North America from 1972 to 2000.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.You should write at least 150 words.line graph with two linesThe graph reveals changes in fish catches for the US and Canada over the last 30 years.Between 1975 and 1981, US fish catches averaged between 2.5 and 2.75 million tons per year, while Canadian landings fluctuated between 600,000 and 900,000 tons. …In 1981, however, there was a significant increase in fish caught in the US, and this rise continued and peaked at 5.6 million tons in 1991. During the same period, Canada's catch went up from 1 million tons to 1.6 million tons, a growth of over 50%.From 1991 onwards, a sudden decline in fish catching was reported in both countries. US figures plummeted to 4 million tons in 2001, a drop of 28%, and Canadian catches plunged to 0.5 million tons, a decrease of 66%. In the following four years, US catches remained stable at 4 million tons, while Canadian catches rose and fell around the 0.5 million tons mark.In general, fish catches have declined drastically in both the US and Canada since the early 1990s. Although Canadian production was much lower, it echoed US figures, declining or increasing at thesame rate.习题③You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.You should write at least 150 words.The line chart illustrates changes in the amounts of beef, lamb, chicken and fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004.In 1979 beef was by far the most popular of these foods, with about 225 grams consumed per person per week. Lamb andchicken were eaten in similar quantities (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams) However, during this 25-year period the consumption of beef and lamb fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively. The consumption of fish also declined, but much less significantly to just below 50 grams, so although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels were the most stable.The consumption of chicken, on the other hand, showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989. By 2004 it had soared to almost 250 grams per person per week.Overall, the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity of these other foods decreasedover the period.★考试高分必备表 3——Phrase。

第一讲雅思写作考试对中国考生的四个难点(Chapter 1: The Four Hurdles in IELTS Writing Test)难点一: Academic Writing 学术类写作问题的特殊要求(改错练习) 1. Since private companies don't care much about the public interests, so the government has a significant role to play in scientific research. (不能缩写)2. Why these travellers damage the environment should be analyzed. (英式美式拼法不能混用)3. We must do our best(utmost) to protect (preserve) animals. (词汇用法太嫩)4. It is clear (manifest) that pornographic shows do harm to (undermine, endanger, jeopardy) the lives of lots of youngster (adolescent).词汇,专有特定的修饰5. Nowadays (In present-day society), human beings face big challenges in many areas.6. In these day and age, many companies have replaced telephone with internet.7. We are confronted with many environmental problems. They are becoming more and more serious. (句式,语法)8. The traffic problem is becoming worse. We must work together to solve it.(句子结构)9. So individuals, communities and the government all must work hard tofight crime! (不应该带感情色彩)10. We must be friendly to other because the Bible said, "Treat your neighbors as you would like to be treated." (文化背景,圣经不可用)难点二: No specific topic pool. 题库大,没有公开,而且题目变化多.对策:掌握思考素材的四种方法对策: 雅思写作"语法的七宗罪"改错练习1. Employee can benefit more from telecommuting than employee. (n.可数不可数)2.1 Work at home using modern technology can greatly enhance our efficiency. (v.原型不可做主语)2.2 Children who are raise in impoverished families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years. (被动语态)Poor children can face problems when they grow up.2.3 The problems that are created by environmental contamination is very hard to resolve. (主谓一致)2.4 In present-day society, cultures were becoming very similar. (时态)3. Intelligent students should not be treated different by their teachers. 副词4.1 Countries should pay attention on the disadvantages globalization may create. 介词4.2 The Internet has instead of teachers in many classrooms.5. Some parents do not obey traffic rules himself.6. These old buildings should be destroyed, new buildings must be constructed. 逗号7. These are a great many children think the main purpose of education should be to afford them pleasure and enjoyment.补充材料IELTS 作文复杂句的七种内部关系(Seven possible relationships Underlying a complex sentence)Cause and effect因果关系标志词1)表示原因的because, as, since, due to, owing to (画横线的连接词请重点掌握)2)表示结果的hence(因此),thus(因此),therefore(因此),As a consequence,…(作为结果)Accordingly…(相应的),As a result…(作为结果)Consequently…(作为结果) so…that…(如此…以致…)E.g. The ecological problems are being aggravated. Hence, it is imperative that we take measures to curb the pollution of the environment. 生态系统正在急剧的恶化,因此,我们必须采取严厉的措施遏制对环境的污染.Exemplification 举例关系标志词…is a case in point.(某人或某事是一个恰当的例子.)Take…for example.(以…为例) for instance. (比如…) To Illustrate…(例如…) As an illustration…(作为例证…)e.g. The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate. TakeChina for example, when youngsters go to the movies, it is standard practice for them to choose Hollywood blockbuster over domestic films. 亚洲国家正以一种惊人的速度变得西方化,以中国为例,当年轻人去电影院的时候,通常都会选择好莱坞大片而不是中国电影. Comparison and contrast 对比关系标志词While …,whereas…,whilst…,in contraste.g. Whereas/ while modern man is so rushed and so stressed, our ancestors could oftenperform their business in a relaxed manner.(对比)现代人的生活是如此的奔忙与紧X,而我们的祖先却可以不慌不忙的从事他们的事务.e.g. The educational and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced. In contrast, their counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality.Concession 让步关系标志词Despite /in spite of …(后面只能跟名词名词词组或者动名词)(尽管有…),albeit…(尽管,后面只能跟形容词或者介词短语), 形容词+as it may be…(尽管,前面只能加形容词),Nonetheless/Nevertheless,(尽管如此)e.g. 1 Tough as it may be to get accustomed to a new culture, it will prove very rewarding.尽管适应新的文化可能很难,但这会被证明是很值得的.2 Rote Learning is at times necessary, albeit monotonous.死记硬背有时候是必要的,尽管很枯燥和机械.3The government plays a crucial role in scientific research, Nonetheless, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research.Definition 下定义关系标志词A is best characterized by…( A 最明显的特征是…),A constitutes…(A 构成…) A means…, A consists of …(A 由…组成).e.g. A fine journalist is best characterized by discipline, determination and keen observations.一个好的记者最重要的特点是自律,毅力和敏锐的观察.Animal experimentation, in some cases, constitutes callous abuse of test animals.Supposition假设论证, 标志词provided that…(如果) given the choice…(如果可以选择的话…)only if…(只有…)as long as…(只要) if…, suppose that…e.g. Provided that we can minimize the pain of test animals, animal experimentation should be continued.e.g. Given the choice, many people would live in big cities rather than the countryside.Modification 修饰关系标志词that, which, whoIn this day age, we have a proliferation of buildings that look exactly likethe buildings our ancestors built.Today, teenage students are under increasingly severe stress in their studies, which has disturbed and alarmed many adults.补充资料IELTS 写作考试的常用模板和句型进步类1) In contemporary society, the human race is advancing at an unprecedented rate in a multitude of arenas.=in many fields. 在当今社会,人类正以前所未有的速度在很多领域向前发展.2) Today we have embarked upon the …era. 今天,我们已经进入了…的时代.We have embarked on the information era. –he has embarked on the road of committing crimes.3) Since the advent/arrival of the…era… 随着…时代的到来…例句:Since the advent of the information era, our efficiency at work has been greatly enhanced.随着信息时代的到来,我们的工作效率得到了很大的提高.例句 2 With the advent of the information era, school education has undergone profound changes at an accelerated rate.倒退类4) But A is accompanied by B 但是伴随着…(某种好现象)的到来,某种坏现象也出现了.例句:But the proliferation of English is accompanied by the extinction of many lesser-known languages.但是随着英语的广泛传播的是大量小语种的消亡.5) Accompanying all the advantages brought about by the profound social changes have come some sufferings; and …is very prominent among them. 随着深刻的社会变革带来的种种好处,出现了很多问题,…是其中很显著的一个.Please analyze causes of traffic congestion, and give some solutions. Accompanying all the conveniences brought about by violent social changes have come some negative effects, and traffic congestion is the most pressing one / the most serious one.6) With the incidence(发生率) of …hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed. …的发生率居高不下,这引起了很多人的困扰和警觉.Traffic offenses have become a problem confronting modern people, please give some suggestions of how to deal with it effectively.With the incidence of traffic accidents hovering at high level, many people, especially sociologist and anthropologist, have shown great concern.7) In this day a nd age, it is standard practice for … to do something. 今天,某些人做某事是很普遍的.例句:In this day and age, it is standard practice for parents to rush around all day busying themselves with their work. Many of them cannot spare some time to take care of their children,which has led to some serious social consequences. This essay will make some analysis concerning this phenomenon.8) Such a grave situation merits our careful attention.这样一个严重的情况值得我们关注.Juvenile delinquency is an issue/topic worth our concern / discussion / analysis.Efforts will be made to analyze this topic in this essay.9) The issue of … has been thrown into sharp focus. …引起了人们的强烈关注.例句:Soaring car ownership has thrown the issue of car accidents into public attention / widespread concern.10) Howev er, there is no consensus on …yet. 或者people hold divergent /contrasting/conflicting view on… 或者people are divided over… 不同的人关于某个问题持不同的看法.例句:People hold contrasting views on animal experiments.人们对动物试验持不同的看法.Some people hold that the experimentation on animals is justified. However, others believe that this practice is a reflection of cruelty. From my perspective, it is advantageous to some degree whilst its drawbacks can never be overlooked. / As for some experiments, animals are irreplaceable subjects but I think we should be kind as possible as we can when carrying out these experiments. /I think this practice is to some extent cruel and unjust to animals but at least in the near future we cannotget rid of it completely.11) Something has been growing at an alarming/ staggering rate. 某事物正在以令人震惊的速度增长.例句:With the car ownership soaring in China, traffic accidents have been growing at an alarming/staggering rate. Accompanied by the dramatic development of society, women crimes have been growing at an alarming rate. Such a grave situation has aroused widespread concern, especially sociologist and educationists. In essay attempts will be made to explore the causes of this issue and provide some feasible solutions.12) Whether…has triggered /aroused heated debate / discussion.是否应该…引起了激烈的辩论Whether… is an issue open to debate 或者Whether…is a controversial issue. 例句:Whether student should appraise their teachers' performance is an issue open to debate.是否学生应该评价老师的教学是一个没有定论的问题.13) Some (people) assert/ argue/hold/maintain/claim/assume that… 有一些人认为…例句:Some people assert that relocating large companies to the countryside is the best way to resolve the traffic and housing problems in cities. 一些人认为把大公司搬到乡村是解决城市交通和住房的最好方法.14) …is largely fuelled by...某现象主要是被…所推动.例句:The proliferation of plastic bag is largely fuelled by the pursuit for lowercosts.IELTS 议论文主体段写作加分37句型前进类1 profit fromPeople throughout the world can profit from the advancement in motorized flight.Flight to transport fruits to places where there is no such fruits or not in season.Mobile phones can bring about some drawbacks such diseases. Whether we should avoid using mobile phones.People throughout the world / in every corner of the world can profit from the advancement of information technology. Nowadays we can keep in touch with each other and communicate with our friends or clients quickly by means of mobiles phones. However, some research reveals that mobile phone may cause some medical complaints and thus it is suggested that we should cease using them. In my viewpoint, the advantages of mobile phones outweigh the disadvantages.2 A is an integral /indispensable part of BAdvertising has become an indispensable part of our lives and it has been exerting profound influence on the way we live, work, play and learn.3,S omething plays a pivotal /key role in …It is universally acknowledged that education plays a pivotal role in individual success.4, Enable /allow somebody to do somethingCultural assimilation enables newly-arrived immigrants to get ahead in the new societysuccessfully.5get accustomed to do something/adjust to /adapt toNew immigrants must get accustomed to the local culture to succeed.6Someone can have access to something 或者can access something 或者can utilize somethingIn this day and age, many individuals can have access to the Internet via /by means of computer or mobile phone.倒退类1…is attended by /…is accompanied byThe staggering advancement of technology is attended by severe pollution of the ecosystem.2The more…the more…The more vehicles on the road, the more traffic congestions to occur.3A can be attributed to B 或者B stems from AThe proliferation of traffic accidents can be in large measure attributed to the traffic law not being stringent enough.4be afflicted with/be plagued withIn present-day society, a host of countries are afflicted with chronic poverty.5deprive someone of somethingModern cities deprive city-dweller of fresh air and the comfortable pace of life.6something prompt/impe ls somebody to do…Peer pressure often impels youngster to spend excessively on fancy clothes and accessories.7A has rendered B + adj./noun 形容词或名词We must ensure that technological innovations will not render us slaves to high technology. 其中We must ensure that..意思是我们必须确保…我们必须确保科技创新不会让我们变成高科技的奴隶.The fast-paced way of life has rendered many people alienated from one another.With the acceleration of living tempo, modern people are confronted with many physical and psychological problems. Among them, stress is the most prominent one. This has brought about numerous negative social consequences and aroused widespread concern especially among psychiatrists and sociologist. This essay focuses on exploring the causes and providing some ways to relieve stress.快节奏的生活让很多人彼此疏远.8A recent study conducted by the organization / association / institution /union / scientist reveal that…如果是教育问题用UNESCO如果是犯罪问题可以用the Ministry of Justice 交通问题可以用the Ministry of Transportation 建筑问题可以用the Ministry of Construction 环境问题可以HSUS and GreenpeaceA recent study conducted by HSUS and Greenpeace suggested that there were over one million mammals in lab cages today.9 be addicted to /preoccupied with somethingIn present-day society, many individuals are addicted to /preoccupied with various forms of gambling.10 something is the chief culprit in 或者something is the root cause of …The population explosion is the chief culprit in water scarcity.11be confronted with somethingIn contemporary society, we are confronted with a large number of violent and pornographic TV shows.12 present/pose a threat to…In contemporary society, the proliferation of non-biodegradable rubbish poses a grave threat to humanity.13 be awash with/be inundated with somethingThe media are be awash with/be inundated with detailed crime coverage.14 if…something will ensueIf parents neglect their offspring, lack of discipline and respect will ensue. 15With the incidence of … hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed.With the incidence of driving offenses hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed.16something is unwarranted /unjustifiableExperimenting upon lab animals without trying to alleviate their pain is unwarranted/unjustifiable.中间类1…on the grounds that…Some others oppose to animal experimentation on the grounds that it is inhumane.2 exert beneficial/ baneful/ profound influence on somethingIn this day and age, globalization is exerting profound impact on the way we work, live,play and learn.3 A prevail over / outweigh/ outbalance BThe advantages of imposing stiffer punishment on driving offender prevail over the disadvantages.4 A bring about/ generate/ breed/ engender/ spawn /induce B. Technological innovations have brought about profound changes to the political, economical and cultural arenas.5 A is a key determinant of BIn an individual's career, tenacity is a key determinant of success.6 It is manifest that …或者It is universally acknowledge that…It is manifest that globalization can also engender a host of banes to the lives of people in the third-world countries.解决类1 give priority to somethingThe government should give priority to the optimization of its financial resources.2 dedicated A to BThe government should dedicate more money to the alleviation of chronic poverty.3 be likely to fall prey to / be vulnerable toWithout proper parental guidance, children are very vulnerable to the violent or pornographic content on TV shows.4 something should be condemned rather than condoned(押尾韵) Indiscriminate copying of traditional architectural style today should be condemned ratherthan condoned.5 it is imperative/ crucial/ key/ essential that… 或者something is of paramount/ overriding importance.To the newly-arrived immigrants, it is imperative that they adapt to the local culture immediately.6 abide by/ comply withIt is essential that government pass more stringent laws to compel drivers to abide by/ comply with the law.7 something requires/ necessit ates /call for…The grave ecological problem requires/ necessitates/ call for joint effort of all the nations on the globe.8 distinguish between A and BMany youngsters lack the capacity to distinguish between right and wrong.9 must ensure thatParents must ensure that they dedicate enough time and energy to their offspring.结尾段常用模板1) based on the above discussion, I am convinced that…(用于一边倒文章的结尾段)基于以上的讨论,我确信…2) In the final analysis, I concede that… However, ….On balance…(用于折衷式文章结尾段) 作为最后总结,我承认…但是…综合起来看… 3) The upside of something, outweighs its downside 或者the strengths of something,prevail over its weaknesses或者the pros of something outbalance its cons.某事利大于弊(如果弊大于利把顺序颠倒一下就可以了)IELTS 作文常用同义词人类the human race, humanity, man, humankind, Homo sapiens在当代in contemporary society, in present-day society, in this day and age解决(及物动词)tackle, address, resolve, combat破坏(及物动词)undermine, jeopardize, devastate(最后一个与其最强)影响(名词)impact, repercussions, ramifications, implications危险(名词)perils, hazards, dangers明显的(形容词)manifest, apparent, evident, obvious从事(及物动词)carry out, conduct, perform, go about积极的,好的beneficial, advantageous消极的,坏的baneful, detrimental好处-坏处benefits, blessings, boons—banes, pros—cons, advantages—disadvantages, merit—demerit无处不在的prevalent, pervasive大量的a host of, a multitude of, a vast number of (后面跟可数名词复数) a great deal of, a vast amount of(后面跟不可数名词单数)增进enhance代替improve 贫穷的impoverished代替poor保护preserve代替protect 富裕的affluent/wealthy代替rich污染contamination代替pollution 需要(及物动词)require, necessitate, call for第二讲十大全真版本X文,词汇与模板Education 类Some peoplethink students should be allowed to evaluate their teachers' job performance. Others believe that will lead to loss of respect and discipline. Discuss and give your own opinion.开头段(不少于4句)In this day and age, it is standard practice for business executive to fill out performance-evaluation forms to give their assessment of their subordinates' work. But when it comes to the evaluation of school teachers' job performance by their students, people hold divergent views. Some argue that students should be allowed to do so. Others contend that disrespect and indiscipline will ensue if students evaluate their teachers work. Personally, I believe both these two views have some merit.主体段1(不少于5句)Granted, there could be some possible drawbacks to students evaluating their teachers' work. First, if not well-managed, evaluation by the students may be completely worthless or even misleading. It is manifest that not all students would give their evaluation responsibly and some students may make mean comments. Secondly, some students criticize their teacher not because their teachers have a slack attitude about their job. Rather they do so because they dislike or even despise schooling.主体段2(不少于7句)However, encouraging students to evaluate their teacher can bring about more boons. In the first place, it is an effective means of motivating theteachers to improve their lectures.Teachers have to keep adjusting their teaching to measure up to the expectations of the student. In the second place, regular input affords the teacher objective and balanced ideas about their own performance. Without such feedback, it is hard for the teacher to have accurate assessment of their own teaching. In the third place, a measure of students' autonomy can make the student better prepared for their adult life. The student becomes better at decision-making and critical thinking.结尾段(不少于3句)In the final analysis, I concede that enabling the student to evaluate their teachers' performance might have some potential drawback. However, by averaging out student's appraisal and encourage them to evaluate responsibly can eliminate the downside of this practice. On balance, I am convinced that allowing students to evaluate their teachers is in the best interests of students, teachers, school administrators, and the society as a whole.教育类8分X文Children who grow up in families without large amounts of money are better prepared to deal with problems in their adult life than children who are brought up by wealthy parents. Do you agree or disagree题目点评:这道题目是IELTS writing task2当中比较少见的"看着容易写好太难"的题目(很多IELTS作文题目看起来很难,写好却不一定特别难).首先要注意到区别"families without large amounts of money" 和"poor families" 这两个概念的差异,前者不仅仅指"low-income families" 还包括"middle-income families", 所以题目的意思和一些同学概括的"穷人的孩子早当家不同";另外一个误区在于因为这道题目和中国的文化比较贴近,很多同学会举过多的简单生活事例但是忽略了推理,论证缺乏深度.从论点上看,考虑到多数考生更熟悉中国的国情,肯定是totally agree 更好写,布什的内阁里面现在也有拉洋板儿出生的(不过美国的富豪的孩子当中牛人还是出了不少,四十三位总统里面也有大量的富家子弟,从整体上看西方有钱的家长更舍得让自己的孩子经历风雨).既然观点写一边倒,那么结果当然就是五段式――开头段转述题目+主旨句,主体段1讲一般家庭的孩子比富家孩子有更强的心理承受能力,主体段2讲一般家庭的孩子有更强的独立性,主体段3讲普通家庭的家长对小孩的要求往往更严格,几位段总结上三层意思.Thesis statement 和topic sentences (X文里用横线标明) 关键词:income gaps 指收入差距income inequality 指收入不均intergenerational 两代人之间的turn the table 是个idiom, 有点像中文说的"打翻身仗" offspring 孩子counterpart 相对应的人(或事务) meritocratic society 说白了就是"凭本事吃饭的社会"self-restraint 自制能力infancy 婴儿期frugality 勤俭financial strains 说白了就是缺钱,名词well-off/affluent (adj)/ well-to-do/ well heeled/ wealthy 自己管理自己,名词initiative 主动性well-acquainted 对某事很熟悉,mitigate缓解,要说解决问题,雅思里面词汇也特多tackle/ address/ solve resolve grapple with /combat 再加题目里面的deal with,大家挑着用啦It is widely accepted that we have been living in a "the rich get richer whereas the poor get poorer" age in terms of income gaps within a generation. However, to this day, there has been no consensus yet over the extent to which income inequality is intergenerational. Some contend that the offspring of low-income and middle-income parents can largely grow up manifest better problem-solving abilities during adulthood than their high-income family counterparts thereby turning the table socially and financially. Personally, I believe this is generally the case in any meritocratic society. (Thesis statement) First and foremost, children raised in household not in possession of a good fortune are conditioned early on in their lives to exercise self-control and self-restraint. These individuals learn from their infancy onward that not everything they crave will become theirs instantaneously. Every so often their wishes go beyond their parents' means and they have to come to terms with the resulting sense of frustration or rejection. Throughout the childhood and early adulthood years they are tempered by the repeated experiences of parents' denial of their requests and frugality is inculcated into their minds as a virtue. Consequently these children, for the most part, are apt to interpret scrimping and saving, emotional uneasiness, not infrequent financialstrains and menial first jobs as an integral part of life rather than a devastating ordeal. Hence they end up being better able to manage stress in their adult years and less likely to panic or get daunted when problems occur.11Further, children brought up by parents of low or middle economic status often grow up to be physically, mentally and professionally more independent than children brought up by affluent parents. It goes without saying that children whose parents are not particularly well-off are more likely than children of affluent households to know how to get the most out of a modest allowance, if they ever get such a thing at all. To the former group of children most desirable things in life have to be "earned"—that is, more often than not they must put forth great effort before their desire is fulfilled. On the other hand, busy, low or medium salaried parents translate into more autonomy and initiative on the children's part. This originally disadvantaged group becomes spontaneous and handy through crafting toy on their own, resourceful by cooking their own meals, tactful with coaxing their parents into buying them gifts, intelligent thanks to the absence of private tutors, savvy in doing summer jobs, and above all, unrelenting in pursuing their dreams. Lastly, non-wealthy parents typically have higher and more definite aspiration for their children than well-to-do parents. Well-acquainted with all thedisadvantages a meager or fair-to-middling bank account generates, many non-wealthy parents pin their hopes on their children to get their families upwardly mobile. These adults mostly have high behavioral, educational and (subsequently) occupational expectations for their children. As a result, they cannot afford to be permissive parents. Spoiling their offspring rotten is the last thing they care to do and they are always ready to discipline their children when they misbehave. They keep tabs on their children's grades at school and do not spare the rod when their offspring do not measure up academically. The odds of children raised in such rigorous environments having good problem-solving skills are apparently better than children raised otherwise. To conclude, the chief determinant of individuals' problem-solving skills is not the amount of money their parents can amass when they are little. Rather, hands-on experience in comprehending, analyzing, resolving, mitigating or circumventing problems is more essential to the cultivation of problem-solving abilities. Hence, I am convinced that families without great wealth are more advantageous to the development of individual capacity to tackle problems.Education 类词汇Education:1) 培养(某种素质)cultivate/ foster/ nurture(vts)促进学生身心发展promote the student's physical, mental (或者用intellectual) andemotional development 心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare(nouns) 学习能力(先天就有的)aptitude/ talent 学习能力(后天学习到的)ability/ skill 学生接受的学校教育(名词)schooling(noun) 儿童接受的家庭教育(名词)upbringing(noun) 给学生以动力give the students motivation to do something 或者motivate (vt) the student to do something 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youths2) 传授知识impart(vt)/inculcate(vt) knowledge 灌输高尚的道德观念instill(vt) high moral values (注以values 复数比试价值观) 给学生以灵感stimulate the students; thought 或者give the students inspiration 家长教育子女的方式(名词)parenting/ upbringing 教学法teaching methodology/ pedagogical methodology 适应(动词)adapt to do something/adjust oneself to do something/ become accustomed to do something 适应能力adaptability 学生对老师所教授的知识的掌握students' grasp/ command(nouns) of what has been taught 就业技能employable/ marketable skill 3) 限制创造力的发展extinguish(vt)/ stifle(vt)/ constrain(vt) creativity(noun) 打击学生的积极性dampen/sap(vts) the students' enthusiasm 或者frustrate the students 产生不不要的压力beget/ create undue pressure 塑造某人的性格mould(BrE,vt) one's character 责任感a sense of obligation 学生不应该只是被动的接收简单知识的容器student should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas. 死记硬背learn thing by rote.4) 记忆方程式,公式,定理,定律memorize equations, formulas,theorems and laws(nouns) 应用apply (vt) 盲从follow something blindly/ indiscriminately(adv) 用填鸭式教学教育学生force-feed(vt) the students 为了记忆而记忆memorize for memorization' s own sake 5) 把学生分开教育(比如根据智力或者课堂上的表现) segregate(vt) students 来自于其他同学的压力peer pressure 逆境adverse circumstances /adversity 团队精神team spirit(noun) 独立思考: think independently(adv) 6) 在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding 鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问题encourage students to think critically(adv) 学生的反馈students' feedback 或者students' input 学生评价老师的教学students appraise / evaluate their teachers' performance7) 学生学习的各门功课加在一起curriculum(noun) 具体的一门课的内容syllabus 课外活动extra-curricular activity 学校是社会的缩影A school is society in miniature 不遵守纪律(名词)indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief (nouns) 不遵守纪律的(形容词)学生disruptive/ unruly students 8) 理论只是theoretical knowledge 通才generalist 专才specialist 全面发展的well-rounded /versatile 为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being/ welfare (注意这里welfare不是"福利"的意思)9) 大学学科的分类可以分为:人文学科(包括文学,历史,语言学等)humanities 社会科学(包括政治,经济,社会学等)social sciences 艺术(包括音乐,雕塑等)arts 文科的总称也可以称为liberal arts 或者liberal studies 理科(包括物理,化学,生物等)sciences 工科(包括工程,自动化等)engineering 大学里的任何一个学科都可以叫做一个discipline 基础科学basic sciences 应用科学applied sciences 小学教育primary-level education 中学教育secondary-level education 大学教育tertiary-level education 职业教育vocational education/ training 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youthsEducation 类模板1 In this day and age, it is universally acknowledged that education is one of the key determinant of individual success. 众所周知,在当代教育是一个人成功的决定因素之一.2In contemporary society, education plays a pivotal role in individual development. 在当代社会,教育在个人发展中扮演着至关重要的角色.Technology & media 类科技类2/26 people today can perform the everyday tasks such as shopping, banking or even business transactions, without meeting others face-to-face. What effects will this phenomenon have on individuals and society as a whole开头段(不少于3+1句)The interactivity of the Internet and the mobile phone has enabled a multitude of people to purchase their desired items or pay their phone bills without stepping out of their offices or homes. And many others can even register for tests or sign contracts online. This。

雅思精讲写作班精讲班第2讲讲义第四章第四章argumentation辩论型题目结构二对称式结构 4段一、开头段2-4句（背景）+双方观点（+引起下文）二、二、三段14句左右1句概述+3*2四、结尾段3-5句提出观点+重申理由(+写点别的)例3Topic: What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet?In recent years, the Internet has been gaining its popularity at an amazing rate. It seems that anyone who knows little about the Internet is out of date and lags far behind the times. The Internet plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the world.Those who welcome the Internet hold that it brings us great convenience and efficiency. Firstly, we can send E-mails to our friends in other countries in a few minutes while sending a traditional letter takes us at least a week and costs much. Secondly, we can make friends with people from all parts of the world. It overcomes the geographical barriers and makes the world smaller. Moreover, the Internet accelerates the flow of information and spreads education to all corners of the globe. We can have easy and quick access to the latest information worldwide.While people speak highly of Internet, its drawbacks shouldn’t be neglected.For one thing, it leads to psychological problems. An Internet-addicted person tends to be isolated, self-centered and unsociable. For another, there is a sharp rise in the number of cyber crime. More and more financial crimes are committed via the Internet. In addition, it also has negative impacts on young people because there are a lot of obscene and violent contents on line.In my opinion, the Internet has more disadvantages. It gives rise to people’s mental problems. It results in various computer crimes. It is harmful to the growth of the youth.Something should be done as soon as possible to protect people from the negative effects of the Internet.例4Topic: Should criminals be sent to prison or should they do something else as a punishment? Explain your opinion and give your reasons.In recent years, a growing number of people have begun to challenge against the existing practice of sending criminals to prison. They argue that the law offenders should be punished to do something for the public. It is quite natural that people seldom reach a total agreement on such a controversial issue.Some people advocate that we should let criminals do something else as punishment. In the first place, they can get better reclamation in this way. Doing something for society is a good measure, which not only punishes the criminals but also encourages them to begin a new life as well. Another reason is due to the limited jail space. Letting criminals do something outside jails decreases the cost of the government. Finally, the imprisonment of criminals cannot scare off the criminals. Up to now, there is no evidence showing the direct link between the implementation of imprisoning criminals and the decline of crime rate.Some others approve of the imprisonment of criminals. First of all, it can ensure a safe living environment to the law-abiding citizens. For criminals like thieves, robbers, rapists or even murderers, it is improper or even dangerous to let them out of jails, because they still pose threat to our society. Second, it is the best deterrent to those potential criminals. It will make would-be criminals think twice before they commit a crime. Last but not least, it is a great spiritual consolation to the victims. Those who suggest setting criminals free lay too much emphasis on the rights of criminals. They ignore the rights of victims.All the above opinions make sense. After a careful consideration, I am in favor of the latter view that we should retain the practice of sending criminals to prison. It can guarantee the safety of citizens. It can reduce the crime rate. Furthermore, it serves a punishment for the merciless offenders while a comfort to the innocent victims.第五章第五章Explanation解释型题目写法原因 and 办法结构一基本同一边倒结构开头r1r2（r3）solutions结构二基本同对称式结构开头reasonssolutions（结尾）例5Topic: It is generally acknowledged that families are now not as close as they used to be. Give possible reasons and your recommendations.Sample Answer 1In the past, family was a very important concept in people’s minds, and it was the center of many people’s lives. Nowadays, however, the relationship between family members is not as close as before. As far as I am concerned, it results from the following reasons.The first reason is that people spend more time on their study and work. Compared with the past, people face fierce competition and suffer from great pressure. Therefore, they have to devote more time and energy to their careers. Some people are too occupied to spare time for their family. What is more, many jobs require people to work in other cities and many children have to leave their parents at an early age to study or work elsewhere. As time passes, these people become emotionally estranged from their parents.Another reason is that there are more entertainment forms available. Nowadays high technology b rings us more interesting things which can easily attract people’s attention, such as watching TV, surfing the Internet or playing video games. As a result, people are indulged in these activities, totally neglecting the feelings of other family members.To bring families closer, people put forward various suggestions. Firstly, never bring your work home and leave it in your office. We should spare more time with family members no matter how occupied we are. Secondly, try to squeeze some time for a regular family dinner because dinner time is a perfect time and opportunity for people to exchange their feelings and ideas. Last but not least, we should teach the children the sense of family when they are still young.Sample Answer 2In the past, family was a v ery important concept in people’s minds, and it was the center of many people’s lives. Nowadays, however, the relationship between family members isnot as close as before.There are several reasons for this phenomenon. The first reason is that people spend more time on their study and work. Compared with the past, people face fierce competition and suffer from great pressure. Therefore, they have to devote more time and energy to their careers. Some people are too occupied to spare time for their family. Another reason is that there are more entertainment forms available. Nowadays high technology brings us more interesting things which can easily attract people’s attention, such as watching TV, surfing the Internet or playing video games. As a result, people are indulged in these activities, totally neglecting the feelings of other family members.To bring families closer, people put forward various suggestions. Firstly, never bring your work home and leave it in your office. We should spare more time with family members no matter how occupied we are. Secondly, try to squeeze some time for a regular family dinner because dinner time is a perfect time and opportunity for people to exchange their feelings and ideas. Last but not least, we should teach the children the sense of family when they are still young to form some good habits like writing letters and making telephone calls to each other.Family is the basic unit of a society. It plays a significant role in our lives. In order to enjoy a harmonious family life and maintain a stable society, we should take efforts to crate a close family relationship.。

雅思写作基础课堂补充材料第一讲鸭鸭学语一、雅思写作综合介绍二、英文写作基础知识(一英语句子的基本成分1、主语:句中要说明的人、事、物,可以由名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句来担当。

主语从句作主语, it 作形式主语:(1 名词性句型:It is often the case/the fact/a well-known fact/a popular (common belief that…(2 主动句型:It seems that…It goes without say ing that…(3 被动句型It is (generally/widely/extensively/universally/commonlysaid/believed/reported/ accepted/announced/estimated/acknowledged that…It is must be admitted/stressed out that…It cannot be denied/can be foreseen that…(4 形容词性句型It is obvious/ge nerally arguable/ harmful that…It is as clear as crystal that…不定式作主语, it 作形式主语It is +adj./n. (for sb. to do sth.It is almost impossible to talk of our vivid earth without mentioning the significant roles played by various wild animals.It is not efficient for the commuters to use their private cars to and back from their workplaces.It is hard to imagine the limited distribution provided by the criminal underworld could compete with this tragic figure.2、谓语:用来说明主语的状态、动作或者特征,主要由及物动词、不及物动词、系动词或情态动词 +v.原形构成的。

2010年冲刺班雅思A类写作讲义主讲：刘巍巍第一讲雅思高分写作思路总览雅思写作高分：7分或7分以上第一节的内容：1．雅思写作的整体介绍2．高分写作的要求3．解决问题的方案4．课程的总览一．雅思写作的整体介绍General Introduction听力、阅读考试之后60分钟Task 1 and Task 2A类和G类的区别：task 2 议论文task 1 A：图表作文G：书信评分：以Task 2 为主二：高分写作的要求评分标准：Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(论证，论点和论据)Communicative Quality(交流质量)Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)1.避免使用过于低级的单词The problem becomes worse by the poor effects we made.The problem was compounded due to the ineffective measures we had taken.They claim that sports lead to competition rather than cooperation is only an incorrect argument. The claim that sports lead to competition rather than cooperation is only a lame argument. People face violence and crimes on TV and films every day.People are bombarded by violence and crimes on TV and films every day.The kind of growth may lead to very bad results.The kind of growth may lead to dire consequences.consequence:far-reaching（深远的）, profound（深刻的）, adverse（不利的）, catastrophic（灾难的）, damaging（破坏性的）, devastating（破坏性的）, dire（可怕的）, disastrous（灾难的）, fatal（致命的）, tragic（悲惨的）, severe（严重的）,2.避免过分重复同一样的单词Mothers enjoy the same right for career advancement as fathers do.Mothers are just as entitled to career advancement as fathers.Mothers are empowered to career advancement as fathers.3.尽可能展示多变的句型定语从句：China is the largest developing country and is enjoying rapid economic growth. As a result, in the streets of major cities in China, there are thousands of vehicles of all kinds.As the largest developing country, China is enjoying rapid economic growth, the evidence of which can be seen in all major cities whose streets are teeming with thousands of vehicles of all kinds.倒装句：Young people are so impulsive and easily influenced that they are constantly tricked byadvertisement in all forms of media.Impulsive and easily influenced as young people are, they are constantly tricked by advertisement in all forms of media.伴随状语：It is common now for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week because they have to sit through one extra class after another.It is common for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week, sitting through one extra class after another.设问句：Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between peoples, learning foreign languages still make sense.Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between people, would there be no point in learning foreign languages? By no means.Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(论证，论点和论据)Some people think that in order to improve the quality of education, high school students should be encouraged to evaluate and criticize their teachers, but other people maintain that such evaluation and criticism may cause loss of respect for teachers and discipline. What do you think?有人认为，为了提高教育质量，我们应该鼓励高中生对自己的老师进行评估；别的人却认为这种评估是不尊重教师、违反学校纪律的行为。

雅思写作基础段课程补充讲义资料赵光伟001. 现在，越来越多的孩子都是从小学开始学习外语，而不是中学。

002. 在许多国家，青年人通常要用四年时间完成本科学习，两年以上时间完成研究生学习。

003. 一般来说，在国外获得的学历可以帮助青年人找到更好的工作。

004. 大学的课程总体是由必修课和选修课组成的。

005. 诸如经济学(economics)之类的科目是大学商科类(business)课程的重要组成部分。

006. 大学应当为学生同时提供理论性知识和实践性知识。

007.在大学的第一年学习中，学生主要获取公共基础知识，而不是专业知识。

008. 有优秀(excellent)学习成绩的学生通常都对基础的理论和原理有比较好的掌握。

009. 以学生为中心的教学方法很关注学生的实际需求(real needs)。

010. 教师应当鼓励学生积极地(actively)参与到课堂活动中来。

011.网络资源(online resources)可以有效(effectively)激励学生对学习外语的兴趣。

012. 各个学校应当尽最大努力(make every effort to)培养孩子们的全面发展。

013. 孩子们的身心健康和他们的学习成绩是同等重要的(of equal importance)。

(倒装结构)014. 鼓励独立思考(independent thinking)能帮助培养孩子们的创造力和解决问题的能力。

015. 道德教育能帮助孩子们形成(shape)积极的(positive)性格特征。

016. 雄心，热情和坚持是我们事业成功的三个重要因素(important factors to)。

017. 对于应当培养(foster)孩子们的合作意识(a sense of )还是竞争意识一直存在争论(there exists a debate)。

018. 家长和学校应当一齐努力(make a concerted effort to)教育孩子们分辨是非。