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FORUM 论坛装备156 /矿业装备 MINING EQUIPMENT薄煤层综采工作面“三机”选型及应用□ 王宏伟 大同煤矿集团华盛虎峰煤业有限公司1 工作面煤层开采条件工作面煤层厚度为0.86~2.67 m。
平均厚度1.72 m。
采取东部煤层中含有少量泥岩夹矸，南部煤层出现大面积沉陷，中部较稳定，北部煤层厚度较大。
整个采区内断层较少，水文地质相对简单。
采区煤层储量为890万t，可开采储量为782万t，分布较为连续，具有开采价值。
煤层综采工作面的设计长度为200 m，采高在2 m 左右，日常量为0.8万t，年产250万t 左右，采煤机割煤回采率为98%。
采煤机采用双向割煤的作业方式，斜切进刀进行割煤作业。
2 工作面产量计算工作面日开采进度根据设计日产量进行计算：工作面小时割煤量根据四六制作业模式，每个班作业6个小时，开机率以70%进行计算：采煤机采用的是端部双向割煤方式，即割煤方式为两个循环割煤。
经计算每个循环需要40 min，以采煤机割煤速度9 m/min 进行计算，采煤机的小煤炭开采中的采煤机、刮板输送机和液压支架等主要生产设备是保证开采效率的重要因素，尤其是对薄煤层的开采更为重要。
薄煤层较低的开采效率且随着国家对资源回收率要求的进一步提高，原有的生产设备已经不能满足生产需要。
因此，结合开采条件对开采主要设备进行选型，以保证安全、稳定、高效的生产效率已经成为目前需要考虑的重要内容。
基于此，结合某矿将要开采的薄煤层生产条件，对主要生产设备进行了选型并进行了现场应用，为薄煤层设备的选型提供依据。
时割煤量应满足1 225 t/h。
3 工作面设备选型3.1 采煤机目前，国内外采煤机的生产能力已经很高，基本都能满足生产需要。
因此，在满足生产需求的基础上对采煤机的操作简易性、可靠性等方面进行考虑。
德国生产的采煤机具有适应性好、故障率低、可靠性高以及使用寿命长等优点深受企业的欢迎，其生产的采煤机整体稳定性都要比其它企业的要好，更高的稳定性可以避免生产作业过程中的振动，能够更加充分发挥采煤机的截割效率，且在作业过程中，采煤机的组成部件受到的冲击较小，可以有效延长各部件的使用寿命。
综采工作面采煤参数及采煤工艺的优化摘要：对于煤矿企业而言，主要关注的问题为如何在保证综采工作面安全生产的前提下，最大限度的提升工作面煤炭的开采率，提升所采出煤炭的质量。
经研究可知，决定上述问题的关键因素为工作面对应的采煤工艺和采煤参数。
因此，在实际煤炭开采过程中需根据工作面的地质、煤层等相关条件对采煤参数及采煤工艺进行优化选取。
本文将以某矿工作面为例对其采煤参数和工艺进行优化。
关键词：放顶煤开采;放煤步距;放煤高度;含矸率;为进一步提升综采工作面的煤炭的回收率和煤炭质量，在分析其地质、水文以及煤层等条件的基础上，对所采用的放顶煤开采工艺下对应的放煤高度、放煤步距以及放煤方式进行优化确定，为其他开采工艺下采煤参数及工艺参数的优化确定提供指导。
1采煤参数及工艺参数的优化对于放顶煤开采方式而言，其关键采煤参数及对应工艺参数包括有顶煤的放煤高度、放煤步距以及放煤方式等。
因此，本文将对上述参数进行优化。
1.1 放煤高度的优化确定放煤高度与工作面所选型采煤机的采煤高度相关。
从理论上讲，在放顶开采方式下所选取的放煤高度和采煤高度的和为工作面煤层的平均厚度。
因此，对指定的工作面煤层而言，采煤高度的最优确定即可得到最佳放煤高度。
一般情况下，采高与工作面的通风情况存在一定的关系，二者之间的关系如式（1）所示。
式中:Hg为采煤参数的采高；Qf为综采工作面当前通风设备的供风量，取Qf=23 m3/s;Bz为综采工作面所配置液压支架的最小长度，Bz=7 m;Vf,max为工作面的风速，一般取Vf,max=1.8-2.5 m/s；为根据工作面围岩及设备情况所确定的过风断面系数，取φ=0.6。
将上述参数代入式（1）计算可得，龙家堡煤矿采煤工作面Ⅱ、Ⅲ合采原始煤层对应的最佳采煤高度为2.2-3.04 m。
结合该矿当前所选型液压支架的具体型号为ZF7000/18/35支撑掩护式液压支架，其对应的最高支护高度为3.2 m。
与此同时，结合以往工作面采高参数的选取经验和通风要求，最终确定工作面对应Ⅱ、Ⅲ合采原始煤层的最佳采煤高度为3 m。
略探薄煤层的综采工艺及设备选择在煤矿资源的开采过程中，薄煤层通常是指深度在一米三以下的煤炭资源，薄煤层的开采工作较为繁琐，主要是由于薄煤层的厚度较薄、挖掘深度较低、开采工作的空间有较大的限制，因此开采工人面临着较大的压力，特别是在软底情况下的薄煤层对开采技术有更高的要求，开采过程中还非常容易发生回踩坍塌事故。
除此之外，因为软底支护的初期支撑力量较小，因此比较容易造成顶板支护构架的不稳定，最终造成开采面的冒顶问题，薄煤层的开采设备及开采工艺显得尤为重要。
1薄煤层的综采技术分析早在20世纪80年代，我国就已经引进了薄煤层的采煤设备，但是采煤设备的使用状况并不能满足采煤需求，加之当时的设备使用条件有限，不仅要满足地层要求，还要满足设备的零件更换要求，因此没有得到广泛运用。
在此期间，我国的薄煤层采掘装备制造、炮采工艺、矿压显示、顶底板支护等方面都取得了很显著的成绩，但是在薄煤层高效综采及成套设备利用技术上仍不成熟。
薄煤层的回采工作空间受到许多限制，大部分的薄煤层都有伪顶、瓦斯浓度较大等问题，甚至有的还需要加大操作空间来确保开采工作的顺利完成，拓展通风截面积，尽量下调作业面传送设备与采煤设备的相配高度，来实现其最低采高。
针对作业空间狭窄及机械难以维修的问题，增加设备出力率，促使作业过程少出或不出事故，因此，薄煤层高效采煤设备及三机配合综采模式的研发开始兴起。
2影响薄煤层作业面的相关因素综采作业面的主要零件就是液压型支架，因此，在选择综采设备的过程中我们需要格外重视支护装置的相关参数对比，特别是支护装置的柔韧性及给底板造成的压力对比，在煤层底板比压处于相对较低的状况时，应尽可能地增加支架上承载人的空间范围及支护构架稳定性。
通过科学分类顶板应该属于二级2 类，同时需要科学安置伪顶，底板还可以细分为三种，属于软基类别，如果薄煤层表面是此类底板，那么应该采用掩护类或者承载掩护类的支架，这种支架在实际运用中已经取得了较为显著的成效。
【外文文献】1The thin coal bed synthesis picks the equipmentthe development and the craft parameter optimizationMainly discussed the thin coal bed synthesis which Zaozhuang Mining industry Group Company independently developed to pick the equipment in Tian the Chen Kuang success application, and to its supplementary equipment technological transformations and the technical characteristic, the working surface geological condition, the synthesis picked the equipment the craft parameter optimization and the working surface working procedure reasonable match safeguard technology measure has carried on the thorough analysis and the introduction.Because the thin coal bed its mining space is narrow, the efficiency is low, the working surface condition is bad, machinery equipment not necessary or mining coal craft imperfect and so on technical questions, difficulty with realizes the mine pit highly effective and the safety in production.Zaozhuang Mining industry Group Company profits from the experience which my guozhong thick above coal bed synthesis picks, picked the supplementary equipment in the thin coal bed synthesis the development and the craft parameter optimization aspect has carried on the beneficial exploration.In October, 2003, ore 531 working surfaces equipped in its Tian the Chen has independently developed and the improvement three machines supplementary equipment, has obtained the tangible effect, realization maximum daily production 3504t, the average month produced 89636t, created the roller thin coal bed synthesis to pick the unit to yearly produce 1,000,000 ton new levels.Equips this working surfaceequipment fund investment is 1088.10 Yuan, the equipment does not invest into the equipment coal plow surface 1/10.First, the synthesis picks the three machines necessary and the technical characteristic(1) hydraulic pressure supportAccording to the thin coal bed mining characteristic, uses the computer to carry on the movement analysis optimization and the intensity design to the support four link motion gears, satisfies the working condition, optimized the support structure:(1) support for the support shield type, has used the overall top-beam, two column supports has satisfied the big expansion and contraction request;(2) main structural element with the Q550 high strength structure steel plate manufacture, reduced the support weight.Front uses welds preheating, after welds the artificial aging welding craft, the guarantee structural element welding quality;(3) selects the great current capacity hydraulic pressure part, enhances the support the speed of response;(4) reasonable arrangement hydraulic circuit system, has enlarged the human, machine the space.Its development ZY2400/08/19 hydraulic pressure support technical characteristic is as follows: Two column support shield type, support 0.8~1.9m, support width 1.43~1.6m, center distance 1.5m, working resistance 2400kN, supports and protections intensity 0.41~0.46MPa, the adaptation inclination angle is not bigger than highly 35°, opera ting mode for neighbour control, support weight 6500kg.(2) coal mining machineUnifies thin coal bed mining the technical characteristic, has carried on the transformation to the coal mining machine following several aspects:(1) improvement design pump box, the solution gives off heat the question, satisfies the synthesis to pick the operation percentage high operating mode need;(2) designs a group of tapering spindle rocking shaft specially, causes the drum circle diameter to reduce, increases the leaf blade altitude correspondingly, does an inside job the quantity request satisfiedly;(3) optimized drum design, increases the leaf blade spiral angle of climbing reasonably, the improvement coaling effect;(4) decreases the fuselage suitably highly (824mm), coal mining machine each big joint place has made the corresponding improvement.After the transformation coal mining machine MG200-BW2 technical characteristic is as follows: Picks high scope 1.0~2.0m, the adaptation inclination angle is not big ger than 35°, the adaptation coefficient of hardness f≤3.5, drum diameter 800/1000mm, machine surface altitude 824mm, does an inside job measures 91mm, the hauling way for the non-chain hauling, biggest force of traction 250kN, hauling speed 0~6.14m/min, installing equipment power 200kW, voltage rank 660/1140V, machine gross weight 15t, machine total length 7858mm.(3) scraper conveyerMainly has carried on the transformation to the scraper conveyer in following several aspects:(1) has used in the thin coal bed scraper conveyer the double strand transmission structure, loses the coal condition to be able to improve;(2) home for the first time used middle the 22E trough section on the thin coal bed scraper conveyer, the complete machine rigidity, the intensity had enhances greatly;(3) reduces the nose, the airplane tail trough highly (is excessively 430mm), improved the coal mining machine to the nose, the airplane tail coal wall cutting condition;(4) strengthened the shovel board, the cable tank frame, the hauling platoon has sold and so on place the joint structure.After the transformation scraper conveyer SGZ-630/220 technical characteristic is as follows: Completed length 170m, the transportation measures 450t/h, the installing equipment power 2×110kW, scraper chain fast 1.07m/s, tight chain way for brake disc tight chain.Second, working surface geological conditionThe development synthesis picks the equipment ore 531 working surfaces to apply for the first time in Tian the Chen, the working surface moves towards the long wall type arrangement, moves towards the length is 950m, the inclined length is 156m, coal bed thickness 0.4~3.0m, average 1.25m, coefficient of hardness f =2, the coal bed inclination angle 10°~15°, average 13°, reserves 283,400 t.Coal dust explosion index 31. 9%, is the strong explosive coal bed.The working surface has the mudstone false roof partially, thick 0~1.8m, soft easy to brave, its upside divides into the iron grey thin silicarenite, about its lower part lamination thick 1.5m for goes against directly, above for average thickness 33.5m, hard, the crevasse growth always goes against.The ledger wall partially has 0.1~0.4m charcoal mudstone, the direct bottom is the pessimistic siltstone, thick 2.6m, the ins and outs are the pessimistic novaculite, hard, the bedding is clear, thickness 16m.North 531 working surfaces are located five pick lower part the area, the track descends a mountain the left wing, ground table +45m, mine shaftelevation - 722m~-768m, the geological condition is complex, tunneling period exposition fault 8, above in which 1.0m fault 4, the F6 reversed fault dropping variance is 4.0m, also has strip width 20m, extends the 220m wash zone along the trend to pass through the entire working surface.Third, working surface craft parameter optimizationThe working surface reasonable craft parameter determination, is the synthesis picks the supplementary equipment to realize the working surface high production foundation.(1) section of deep choiceThe overall evaluation coal mining machine power, the anthrax coefficient of hardness, coal bed thickness and pick high, the roof jointing growth situation, the support press forcing crisp coal factor definite truncation depth and so on wall depth, support supports and protections way.Through analyzes the working surface geological condition and the equipment necessary situation earnestly, the definite truncation depth is 0.6m.When roof jointing growth, cave-in of sides of a mine tunnel serious, each knife tries to break up a fight when carries on supports and protects in advance, enhances the circulation per unit area yield.(2) coal mining machine hauling speed V determination (formula omitted)(3) supports and protections with moves a wayUses a neighbour operation, prompt supports and protections.In the mining coal machine cut from now on, first will move the support to support the roof, then will again move the conveyer.The union coal bed thickness grasping lengthening bar expands and contracts the scope, in order to and supports and protects the roof highly by the reasonable frame position.When roof situation permission, moves in turn and separates the frame to move to unify, guaranteed moves a speed to satisfy the coal miningmachine coal cutting speed, realizes continuously the fast coal cutting need.(4) coal mining machine feed wayUses the MG200-BW2 coal mining machine to fall the coal, unidirectional mining coal, middle bevelling feed.The first drum shears goes against the coal, the latter drum shears the bottom coal, from notching.Fourth, working surface working procedure match safeguard measure The thin coal bed synthesis picks the working surface reasonable craft parameter the effective safeguard, mainly includes the working surface each transportation link the intercoordination and the over-load protection, the long distance communication direction, the working surface “three straight one even” and the geologic structure control measure, coal mine has used the home most advanced TK-200 communication control system for this Tian the Chen, strengthened the working surface production management, had guaranteed the working surface various working procedures best match, reduced the working surface failure rate large scale, enables the working surface operation percentage to achieve above 90%.(1) TK-200 communication control system application(1) system compositionThe TK-200 communication control system by the TK110 working surface controller, the TK120 power source, the TJ100 mineral product electric current detector set, the TK130 micro telephone, the TK130C multi-purpose telephones, the TK150 intelligent terminal, the TK150E intelligence coupler and the TK130-X five core belt shield mineral product pulling force electric cable is composed.(2) system application effectThe TK-200 communication control system application, fully displays its communication control integration function, reduced the working surface equipment breakdown large scale, maximum limit has realized during various working procedures coordinated operation, raised a working surface man-hour of use factor enormously, had guaranteed powerfully the thin coal bed working surface high production is highly effective.Its application effect mainly manifests in:First, because the TK-200 communication control system has arranged 12 TK130 system telephone in the working surface, is equipped with the control bench on the electric train, between working surface all telephones and the control bench may converse on the telephone willfully, the control bench may realize the working surface all equipment common control, reduced the mechanical and electrical failure rate large scale.Second, because the working surface micro telephone can realize the working surface on all fronts to amplify along the route, therefore enormous place then personal servant party chief, the Leader Ban production control, changed the former personnel back and forth to move the direction, rocks the sending a letter number, the frontline propaganda relation way, strengthened between the working surface each production working procedure coordination and the unification, causes between various working procedures the close coordination, displays in fully the unit time the regular cycle operation validity, enhanced the working efficiency greatly.Third, because has used the common control and the working surface along the route block system, enables the working surface along the route operator only the engine off, cannot starting.If must starting, informs the control bench starting, the control bench when, must carry on the language to report to the police, and is equipped with the delay feature, avoided formerly being blind opens the vehicle to damage theelectromechanical device or to create the security accident the phenomenon.If the working surface has the breakdown along the route, the operator may the rapid block system engine off, and informs all operating personnel, like this eliminates the accident in the embryonic stage, thus has guaranteed the safety in production.Fourth, TK-200 communication control system itself has provided the TJ100 electric current examination alarm device, can as necessary uninterrupted carry on the examination to the working surface electric current, once examines the operating current to surpass the setting value, then carries on reports to the police, then the operator may adjust the coal cutting speed and the reduced mining coal quantity promptly, avoided because of the pressure which overloaded creates reduction gear the accident phenomenon and so on sliding, burning the electrical machinery, damages occurrences, not only like this has facilitated the production, enhanced the efficiency, moreover reduced the material and the fitting consumption greatly.Fifth, Tian the Chen ore 531 working surface transportation lane arranges 3 belt conveyers and the slanting lane 1 scraper conveyer, transports the link to restrict the working surface operation percentage directly.After uses this system, through carefully calculates the most appropriate slanting lane scraper conveyer and the belt conveyer load, carried on to the working surface scraper conveyer operating current has reported to the police the hypothesis, thus reduced the slanting lane scraper conveyer and the belt conveyer overload and the time of idle running, not only saved the electrical energy, moreover enhanced the working surface operation percentage.(2) working surface geological condition compatibility control measureGuarantees the working surface “straight three one even” is realizes the thin coal bed synthesis to pick the working surface regular production the effective method, when especially geologic structures and so on working surface fault or fold, the working surface equipment adapts the geological condition with difficulty, must strengthen the working surface production management, takes the effective control measure, reduces the equipment failure rate, enhances the working surface operation percentage.(1) guarantees the working surface “straight three one even” measure.The working surface implements the back guy management; The working surface hand illumination lamps and lanterns make the frame of reference; Pushes when slides, guarantees goes against slides the hoisting jack the traveling schedule to meet the standard requirements; If the working surface appears partially time not the straight phenomenon, should move promptly or moves slides; Raises the staff operational level, the enhancement sense of responsibility.(2) working surface fault measure.Adjusts between the working surface and the fault the included angle; The coal mining machine coal cutting will be prompt from now on moves the frame, will manage the good roof; The working surface support carries on supports and protects in advance; Controls the working surface cycle to press; If the nose appears partial braves to go against time, must select promptly goes against protects goes against; The belt pressure scratches goes against moves the frame; The coal wall hits supposes the wooden anchor rod, guards against the cave-in of sides of a mine tunnel; When necessity, hangs the I-steel on the support to be throat Liang; The attention hangs Liang, prevented the support drills the bottom.(3) working surface fold measure.The adjustment fold axial both sides slope, the government leader when is big to the both sides slope, suitably leaves a stub the coal, when the axial both sides slope is small, should the suitable broken bottom, guarantee the axial both sides slope to be gentle; Adjusts the support as necessary, prevented the support is crooked; Enhancement fold section working surface roof management.(4) prevented the scraper conveyer leaps up moves the measure.The coal mining machine driver, moves a labor, pushes sneaks off one's job should coordinat e, to guarantee the working surface “straight closely three one even”; Controls the working surface top and bottom two lanes to push the progress; When the working surface support appears the incline, must square promptly; The working surface discovered when the scraper conveyer has the glide tendency, should fling the knife promptly or catch up with slides; Using the support side guard shield, adjusts the scraper conveyer, above the impediment leaps up glides down; The embedment sells or installs the hoisting jack, prevented the scraper conveyer leaps up moves; Selects the reasonable feed method, prevented on the scraper conveyer flees glides down.Fifth, conclusion(1) this set independently develops and the improvement synthesis picks the equipment the success application, has laid the solid foundation for the thin coal bed synthesis mechanization mining realization high and stable yield. Also equips this equipment fund aspect to invest is 1,088,000,000 Yuan, the equipment does not invest into the equipment coal plow working surface 1/10.(2) optimizes picks the craft parameter, strengthens the scene management, realization maximum daily production 3504t, the average month produces 89636t, created the roller thin coal bed synthesis to pick the unit to yearly produce 1,000,000 ton new levels.(3) applied the thin coal to pick the synthesis to pick the working surface working procedure reasonable match the safeguard technology measure, has realized the working surface equipment common control, strengthened the production management, the breakdown diagnosis and the accident platoon looks up.Had guaranteed the working surface various working procedures best match, enhanced the working surface operation percentage.【中文翻译】1薄煤层综采设备的研制及工艺参数优化主要探讨了枣庄矿业集团公司自行研制的薄煤层综采设备在田陈矿的成功应用，并对其配套设备的技术改造及技术特征、工作面地质条件、综采设备的工艺参数优化及工作面工序合理匹配的保障技术措施进行了深入分析与介绍。
薄煤层由于其开采空间狭窄，效率低，工作面条件差，机械装备不配套或采煤工艺不完善等技术问题，难于实现矿井的高效与安全生产。
大同市吴官屯煤业有限责任公司借鉴我国中厚以上煤层综采的经验，在薄煤层综采设备的配套及工艺参数优化方面进行了有益的探索。
于２００６年５月，在其７号煤层８３２０１工作面装备滚筒式薄煤层综采机组，取得了明显效果，实现最高日产２５０４ｔ的新水平。
装备此工作面设备资金投入为２０８８．００万元，设备投入不到装备刨煤机面的１／１０。
１综采三机配套及技术特征１．１液压支架根据薄煤层开采的特点，采用计算机对支架四连杆机构进行运动分析寻优与强度设计，满足工作条件，优化了支架结构：①支架为支撑掩护式，采用了整体顶梁，二柱支撑满足了大伸缩的要求；②主要结构件用Ｑ５５０高强度结构钢板制作，减轻了支架重量。
采用焊前预热，焊后人工时效的焊接工艺，保证结构件焊接质量；③选用大流量液压元件，提高支架的响应速度；④合理布置液压管路系统，加大了人、机空间。
选用的ＺＹ５２００／９／２０型液压支架的技术特征如下：两柱支撑掩护式，支撑高度０．９ｍ～２．０ｍ，支架宽度１．４３ｍ～１．６ｍ，中心距１．５ｍ，工作阻力５２００ｋＮ，支护强度０．９７ＭＰａ，适应倾角不大于１５°，操作方式为邻架控制，支架重量１３６００ｋｇ。
１．２采煤机结合薄煤层开采的技术特点，对采煤机以下几个方面进行了改造：①改进设计泵箱，解决发热问题，以满足综采开机率高的工况需要；②专门设计一组锥形轴摇臂，使滚筒圈直径减小，相应增大叶片高度，满足卧底量要求；③优化滚筒设计，合理增大叶片螺旋升角，改善装煤效果；④适当减低机身高度（８２４ｍｍ），采煤机各大连接处作了相应改进。
选用的ＭＧ２×１００／４６５－Ｗ型采煤机的技术特征如下：采高范围１．２ｍ～２．０ｍ，适应倾角不大于２５°，适应硬度系数ｆ≤４，滚筒直径８００ｍｍ／１０００ｍｍ，机面高度８２４ｍｍ，最小卧底量１８０ｍｍ，牵引方式为无链牵引，牵引力２９５ｋＮ，牵引速度０ｍ／ｍｉｎ～５．９ｍ／ｍｉｎ，电动机功率４×１００ｋＷ＋１×６５ｋＷ，电压等级１１４０Ｖ，机器总重１８ｔ，机器总长７８５８ｍｍ。
１．３刮板输送机对刮板输送机主要在以下几个方面进行了改造：①采用了薄煤层刮板输送机中双链传动结构，输煤条件得以改善；②国内首次在薄煤层刮板输送机上采用了２２Ｅ型中部槽型钢，整机刚性、强度有较大提高；③降低机头、机尾过渡槽高度（为４３０ｍｍ），改善了采煤机对机头、机尾煤壁的截割条件；④加强了铲板、电缆槽架、牵引排销等处的连接。
选用的ＳＧＺ７６４／２６４－Ｗ型刮板输送机技术特征如下：出厂长度１７０ｍ，输送量４５０ｔ／ｈ，装机功率２×１３２ｋＷ，刮板链速１．０ｍ／ｓ，紧链方式为闸盘紧链。
２工作面地质条件选用的综采设备在７号煤层８３２０１工作面首次应用。
工作面走向长壁式布置，走向长度为１２００ｍ，倾斜长度为１２０ｍ。
煤层厚度０．８ｍ～１．８ｍ，平均１．３０ｍ，硬度系数ｆ＝３。
煤层倾角１°～６°，平均３°。
储量２４３．３６万ｔ。
煤层顶板多为砂质泥岩，其次为粉、细砂岩；底板多为砂质泥岩，其次为粉砂岩，偶见泥岩、细砂岩。
３工作面工艺参数优化工作面合理工艺参数的确定，是综采配套设备实薄煤层综采设备的选型及工艺参数优化柴文忠摘要主要探讨了大同市吴官屯煤业有限责任公司薄煤层综采设备的成功应用，并对其配套设备的选型及技术特征、工作面地质条件、综采设备的工艺参数优化及工作面工序合理匹配的保障技术措施进行了深入分析与介绍。
关键词薄煤层综采工作面；工作面设备；设备配套中图分类号ＴＤ４２１．８文献标识码Ａ文章编号１０００－４８６６（２００７）０４－０００２－０３同煤科技第４期（总第１１４期）・２・ＴＯＮＧＭＥＩＫＥＪＩ２００７年１２月２００７年第４期柴文忠：薄煤层综采设备的选型及工艺参数优化・３・现工作面高产的基础。
３．１截深的选择综合考虑采煤机功率、煤质硬度系数、煤层厚度及采高、顶板节理发育情况、支撑压力压酥煤壁深度、支架支护方式等因素来确定截深。
通过认真分析工作面地质条件和设备配套情况，确定截深为０．６ｍ。
当顶板节理发育、片帮严重时，每刀拉架时进行超前支护，以提高循环单产。
３．２支护与移架方式采用邻架操作，及时支护。
在采煤机割过后，先移支架撑住顶板，然后再移输送机。
结合煤层厚度掌握加长杆伸缩范围，以便以合理架位及高度支护顶板。
顶板情况允许时，顺序移架与隔架移架相结合，保证移架速度满足采煤机割煤速度，以实现连续快速割煤。
３．３采煤机进刀方式采用ＭＧ２×１００／４６５－Ｗ型采煤机落煤，单向采煤，中部斜切进刀，前滚筒割顶煤，后滚筒割底煤，自开缺口。
４工作面工序匹配的保障措施薄煤层综采工作面合理工艺参数的有效保障，主要包括工作面各运输环节的相互协调及过载保护、长距离通讯指挥、工作面“三直一平”及过地质构造的控制措施。
为此，吴官屯煤业有限责任公司采用了国内最先进的ＴＫ－２００通讯控制系统，强化了工作面生产管理，保证了工作面各工序的最佳匹配，大幅度降低了工作面故障率，使工作面开机率达到９０％以上。
４．１ＴＫ－２００通讯控制系统的应用４．１．１系统组成ＴＫ－２００通讯控制系统由ＴＫ１１０型工作面控制器、ＴＫ１２０型电源、ＴＪ１００型矿用电流检测装置、ＴＫ１３０扩音电话、ＴＫ１３０Ｃ多功能电话、ＴＫ１５０型智能终端、ＴＫ１５０Ｅ型智能耦合器和ＴＫ１３０－Ｘ型五芯带屏蔽矿用拉力电缆组成。
４．１．２系统应用效果ＴＫ－２００通讯控制系统的应用，充分发挥出其通讯控制一体化功能，大幅度降低了工作面设备的故障，最大限度地实现了各工序间的协调运作，极大地提高了工作面的工时利用率，有力地保证了薄煤层工作面高产高效。
①由于ＴＫ－２００通讯控制系统在工作面布置了１２部ＴＫ１３０系统电话，在电气列车上设有控制台，工作面所有电话及控制台之间均可任意通话，控制台可实现工作面所有设备的集中控制，大幅度降低了机电故障率。
②由于工作面扩音电话能实现工作面沿线全线扩音，所以极大地方便了跟班队长、班组长的生产指挥，改变了以往人员来回跑动指挥、晃灯发信号、喊话联系的方式，加强了工作面各生产工序之间的协调与统一，使各工序之间密切配合，充分发挥单位时间内正规循环作业的有效性，大大提高了工作效率。
③由于采用了集中控制和工作面沿线闭锁方式，使工作面沿线操作人员只能停机，不能开机；如要开机，通知控制台。
控制台在开机时，均要进行语言报警，并且设有延时装置，避免了以往盲目起车而损坏机电设备或造成安全事故的现象。
如工作面沿线有故障，操作人员可以迅速闭锁停机，并通知所有作业人员，这样将事故消灭在萌芽状态，从而保证了安全生产。
④ＴＫ－２００通讯控制系统本身配备了ＴＪ１００型电流检测报警装置，能随时不间断地对工作面电流进行检测。
一旦检测到工作电流超过设定值，便进行报警，则操作人员可以及时调整割煤速度和减少采煤量，避免了因过载而造成的压溜、烧电机、损坏减速器等事故现象的发生，不但方便了生产，提高了效率，而且大大地降低了材料和配件的消耗。
⑤８３２０１工作面运输巷布置３部带式输送机和斜巷１部刮板输送机，运输环节直接制约着工作面开机率。
使用该系统后，通过精心计算最合适的斜巷刮板输送机和带式输送机负荷，对工作面刮板输送机的工作电流进行了报警设定，从而减少了斜巷刮板输送机和带式输送机的过载和空转时间，不但节约了电能，而且提高了工作面开机率。
４．２工作面地质条件适应性控制措施确保工作面“三直一平”是实现薄煤层综采工作面正常生产的有效手段。
尤其工作面过断层或褶曲等地质构造时，工作面设备难以适应地质条件，必须强化工作面生产管理，采取有效的控制措施，降低设备故障率，提高工作面开机率。
（１）确保工作面“三直一平”的措施工作面实行拉线管理；工作面悬挂照明灯具作参照物；推溜时，确保顶溜千斤顶的行程达到标准要求；工作面出现局部不直现象时，应及时移架或移溜；提高职工操作水平，增强责任心。
（２）工作面过断层措施调整工作面与断层间夹角；采煤机割煤过后及时移架，管理好顶板；工作面支架进行超前支护；控制好工作面周期来压；端部出现局部冒顶时，要及时挑顶护顶；带压擦顶移架；煤壁打设同煤科技・４・ＴＯＮＧＭＥＩＫＥＪＩ２００７年第４期木锚杆，以防片帮；必要时，在支架上吊挂工字钢作前探梁；注意吊梁，防止支架钻底。
（３）工作面过褶曲措施调整褶曲轴向两侧的坡度。
轴向两侧坡度较大时适当留底煤，轴向两侧坡度较小时应适当破底，确保轴向两侧坡度平缓；随时调整支架，防止支架歪斜；加强褶曲段工作面顶板管理。
（４）防止刮板输送机蹿动措施采煤机司机、移架工、推溜工应密切配合，确保工作面“三直一平”；控制好工作面上、下两巷的推进度；工作面支架倾斜时，要及时摆正；工作面刮板输送机有滑动趋势时，应及时甩刀或赶溜；利用支架侧护板，调整刮板输送机，阻止其上蹿下滑；埋设地销或安设千斤顶，防止刮板输送机蹿动；采用合理进刀方式，防止刮板输送机上窜下滑。
５结论①该套综采设备的成功应用，为薄煤层综合机械化开采实现稳产高产奠定了坚实的基础。
且装备此面设备资金方面投入为２０８８．００万元，设备投入不到装备刨煤机工作面的１／１０。
②优化回采工艺参数，加强现场管理，滚筒式薄煤层综采机组最高日产２５０４ｔ。
③应用了薄煤层综采工作面工序合理匹配的保障技术措施，实现了工作面设备的集中控制，强化了生产管理、故障诊断和事故排查，保证了工作面各工序最佳匹配，提高了工作面开机率。
参考文献［１］阚建立．较薄煤层综采设备配套及参数优化．中国煤炭，２００２（６）：４１－４２．［２］冯孝慈，逯明建．薄煤层综采机械化装备配套及关键技术问题的研究．中国煤炭，２００３（２）：３７－３８．作者简介柴文忠，男，１９７３年出生，１９９７年毕业于中国矿业大学（采矿工程专业），现就职于大同市煤矿设计研究所，工程师。
收稿日期：２００７－０９－０７修回日期：２００７－０９－２５ＴｈｉｎＳｅａｍＭｉｎｉｎｇＥｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔＳｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄＯｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆＰｒｏｃｅｓｓＰａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓＣｈａｉＷｅｎｚｈｏｎｇＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：ＴｈｅｐａｐｅｒｍａｉｎｌｙｐｒｏｂｅｓｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｉｎｓｅａｍｍｉｎｉｎｇｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔｉｎＷｕｇｕａｎｔｕｎＣｏａｌＬｉｍｉｔｅｄＣｏｍｐａｎｙｏｆＤａｔｏｎｇ．Ｉｔａｌｓｏｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｓａｎｄｄｅｅｐｌｙａｎａｌｙｓｅｓｔｈｅａｎｃｉｌｌａｒｙｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ，ｔｈｅｇｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｆａｃｅ，ｔｈｅｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｆｕｌｌｙ－ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｚｅｄｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔ’ｓｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓ，ｔｈｅｒｅａｓｏｎａｂｌｅｍａｔｃｈｉｎｇｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｍｅａｓｕｒｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｆａｃｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ｔｈｉｎｓｅａｍｆｕｌｌｙ－ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｚｅｄｍｉｎｉｎｇｆａｃｅ；ｆａｃｅｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔｓ；ａｎｃｉｌｌａｒｙｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔｓ（上接第１页）机不被堵滞和损坏；但是在避让时，部分大、超大物料随之通过，给锅炉运行带来隐患。
