上海新世纪版高二年级第二学期-Unit 1 Words and Their Stories 知识点

e. g. I expect it was Jack who broke the recorder. 我认为杰克弄坏了录音机。

Is he going to study overseas? I expect so/I don't expect so.他要去国外留学吗？我想是的/ 我觉得不会。

(4)expect too much of sb. 对某人期望过高e. g. Please don't expect too much of me. I simply can't finish the work in just fivedays. 请不要对我期望过高。

仅仅五天之内我根本做不完这项工作。

(5)(only)to be expected（某种情况的出现等）相当正常e. g. It's only to be expected that children will leave their parents when they've grownup. 孩子们长大后离开父母是再正常不过的事情了。

expectation n. 预料；期望e. g. The children waited patiently in expectation of the magician.孩子们耐心等待着魔术师的出现。

（不可数名词）She had high expectations of what university had to offer.她对大学所能提供给她的一切期望很高。

（可数名词，通常作复数）短语: contrary to expectations/ against expectations/beyond expectation/out of expectation 出乎意料；意想不到2. suppose v.(1) believe, imagine 认定；猜想e. g. I suppose she will be there tomorrow. 我猜想她明天能到那儿。

上海新世纪英语高二全部课文及重点词组上海新世纪英语高二全部课文（包括additional reading）及重点词组高二第二学期17. words and their stories18. english proverbs19. tips on making a public speech20. keep it short for the audience’s sake21. making friends22. what does friendship mean to westerners?23. adjo24. ryan, his friends, and his incredible torch run25. the father of modern physics26. the survival of the fittest27. miracle in the rice field28. newton’s three important laws29. oliver wants more (adapted from oliver twist charles dickens)30. enjoy the classics31. is she guilty? (adapted from the prince and the pauper mark twain)32. mark twain高二第二学期17. words and their storieseager beaver an eager beaver is a person who is always willing to do and is excited about doing what is expected of him.suppose, for example, that a teacher tells his students they each must solve one hundred math problems before coming to school the next day. the children complain about so much homework. but one student does not protest at all. that student is an eager beaver. he loves to do math problems, and does not mind all the homework.the expression is said to have come from the name of a hard-working animal---the beaver.beavers are strange-looking creatures. they spend a lot of time in the water, building dams to create little lakes or ponds. they use their huge teeth and work hard to cut down trees, remove branches and put them across streams. they use their tails to pack mud on the branches to makethe dams solid. few other animals work so hard.historians say the beaver had an important part in the settlement of north america.there were hundreds of millions of beavers when european settlers first arrived. the settlers put great value on the fur of beavers. in fact, for two hundred years or more, beavers provided the most valuable fur in north america. beaver skins often used as money.young men looking for adventure headed west across the country to search for beavers. in their search, they explored much of the western territories. the trading posts, where they exchanged beaver skins for the goods they needed, became villages, and later towns and cities.it’s in the bag the bag---one of the simplest and most useful things in every man or woman’s life---has given the world many strange expressions that are not very simple. a number of these expressions are widely used in the united states today. some were imported from england a long time ago.when you are sure of something, you can say, “it’s in the bag.”共17页，当前第1页1234567891011121314151617this phrase seemed to have arrived with the modern paper bag. before, americans used to say, “it’s all wrapped up.”then, things you bought were wrapped in plain brown paper, or sometimes in old newspaper. another widely used expressions is “to let the cat out of the bag”, meaning to reveal a well-kept secret.no one can explain how the cat got into the bag, or why it remained there. but there is an old story about it. long ago tradesman sold things in large cloth bags. once a woman asked for a pig. the tradesman held up his cloth bag. inside there was supposed to be a live pig. the woman asked to see it. when the dishonest tradesman opened the bag, out jumped a squealing cat, not a pig. the tradesman’s secret was out: he was tricky, and now everybody knew it.18. english proverbscharactersteacher of english: ms smith (ms)students: li (li), mao (ma), anne (an), rivera (ri)ms: good morning, everyone. i hope you all know what we are here for. the topic of our discussion this morning is “english proverbs”.li: so, i’m in the right group.ma: me, too.ri: me, too.ms: but i was told we would have four…and yet…an: i’m coming. good morning. am i late?ms: morning. “speak of angels and you hear their songs.”an: is that a proverb referring to my coming?ms: exactly.li: we have a saying in chinese, which i think is very close in meaning…ma: speak of cao cao and he appears.ms: right. well, “first things first”. a proverb is a traditional saying which offers advice or presents a moral in a short and brief manner. a proverb normally is a sentence, into which the writer often works rhyme. for instance, “east or west, home is best.”sometimes it comes out in the form of a phrase.ma: i’ve seen dictionaries of proverbs.ms: well, there are thousands of proverbs. they fall into three main categories. those of the first type take the form of abstract statements.they express general truths. here are two good examples: “one is never too old to learn.”and “a man who neglects his studies in youth will regret it in later years.”ri: i think there is some truth in both proverbs. to encourage a person who has had little education for some reason as a young man, we may use the former. with us, i guess the latter works.ms: so you have to keep this in mind. never use proverbs out of context. “one man’s meat is another man’s poison.”li: i see. then, what is the second type?ms: the second type uses specific observations from everyday experience to make a general point.共17页，当前第2页1234567891011121314151617an: “don’t put all your eggs in one basket.”does it fall into the second category?ms: you’re right, dear. then the third type consists of sayings from particular areas of traditional customs and beliefs. “after dinner, rest a while; after supper, walk a mile.”is an example of this type. such proverbs are often related to agriculture, the seasons, and the weather.li: many people hold the opinion that proverbs are going out of fashion. is that true?ms: the fact is, as some old ones are falling into disuse, new ones are being created. the computer world has recently given us lots of them. an: i’ve got one: “rubbish in, rubbish out.”ma: it also goes “garbage in, garbage out.”ms: i think it is more common to say “garbage in, garbage out.”well, i hope, today “you’ll have something nice out as you have had something nice in.”an: thank you, ms smith. by the way, do we have an assignment as usual? ms: yes. you are to collect some proverbs of the first type, that is, proverbs that express general truths.li: i’d like to collect some on studies.ms: good! i’m so glad to have been with you. (to the four students) “strike while the iron is hot.”see you next week.19. tips on making a public speechit is interesting to note that speeches are always “given”or “delivered”. they are never “said”. when giving a speech, therefore,it is useful to think of yourself as playing a part, i.e. acting. this kind of acting calls for an integration of verbal and nonverbal communication. nonverbal communication chiefly involves the speaker’s stance and gestures, the eye contact between the speaker and the audience, and a good control of the presentation speed of talking/speaking.stance this is important to the delivery of a good speech. stand up straight and keep your head up. dropping your head looks unprofessional and may prevent your audience from hearing you clearly. on the other hand, don’t stand like a guard on duty. you have to be able to move in a natural way in order to add expression to your words. body language “says” a lot. avoid holding your hands tightly together; this will interfere with free and natural movement. don’t play with keys or coins in your pocket; this will distract your audience.gestures gestures and facial expressions are both important aids to the spoken word when you are communicating. a dull, long speech delivered without expression, without gestures or eye contact will not be well received. the skill is in deciding how much gesturing to be employed and in making sure that your gestures are natural.共17页，当前第3页1234567891011121314151617in general, the larger the audience, the more expansive the gestures should be, because they will not be seen so clearly by the audience. in a small group, facial expressions will add a lot to understanding. try telling somebody something funny with a very serious face. they will have difficulty believing what you are really saying is funny.different gestures are supposed to be used in delivering a speech. some people use their hands a lot when speaking. you must make sure that your gestures are not repeated too often, and they should be expressive and meaningful.eye contact to have maximum impact you need to make each member of your audience fell as if you were speaking to them personally. to do this, glance towards all sections of the audience and don’t be afraid to move your head. if you favour one direction, the other side may feel you are ignoring them and therefore lose interest in what you are saying.timing accurate timing is essential. you should ensure that you don’t fall short of or run over the time allowed for your speech. either way, the audience will feel unhappy and lose concentration on your speech. thebest way to overcome this is through preparation. clear thinking about what you want to say and how long your speech will last, before you start to write it, will save a lot of time. when practising, make sure that you speak at the correct speed and do time yourself.20. keep it short for the audience’s sakehow long should i make my speech? how long will my audience concentrate on my speech? hoe slowly should i speak to make myself clearly understood? in trying to answer these questions, we see how important timing is to speech.keep your speech less than 15 minutes lin yutang, the famous writer and translator, once said about the length of a speech, “the shorter, the better.”speaking around the topic should be seriously avoided, not only in speech, but in all conversations in english. being indirect and roundabout in your approach may be thought skillful in chinese. but in english speech? no way. when one is making a speech in english, he should always stick to the point, and use simple, clear, and direct language.according to scientists, audiences can generally only manage toconcentrate for about 13 minutes. so a 10-15-minute speech is about right.the famous gettysburg address, delivered by abraham lincoln on november 19, 1863 has about 200 words, but it still managed to express the idea that all people are born equal.150-160 words per minute speaking speed often depends on the occasion for the speech. the number of people in the audience is also an important factor to be considered.共17页，当前第4页1234567891011121314151617if you are speaking to hundreds or even thousands of people, especially in the open air, you should speak slowly. the idea is to let the audience catch every single word of your speech. for example, when martin luther king spoke, even to a small group, his usual speaking speed was only 110 to 120 words per minute.when you are speaking indoors to a small group, say, 10 or 20 people, you may speed up a bit. speaking at a speed of around 200 words a minute, you can still retain the audience’s attention.so, we can see that the average speed is about 150 to 160 words perminute.whether you are speaking slowly or rapidly, the important point is to pronounce every word clearly. otherwise, no matter how wonderful you think your content is, the audience won’t be able to follow you. use phonetic symbols to mark the places you often mess up, in advance, and practise every day before you get up on stage.pause for dramatic effect if you want a particular sentence or expression to leave a deep impression on your audience, you can pause a while before uttering it. during the pause, the audience will grow curious about why you choose to pause and they will anxiously expect to hear the next sentence, which is exactly what you want to happen.but don’t pause too frequently or too long. eye contact and a smile, with a bit of body language, will also effectively impress your audience. if you simply stop suddenly and remain silent for several seconds before you start again, they’ll probably think, “oh, he (she) has forgotten the words!”21. making friendsjamie was like a magnet---she always had a crowd around her. she wasn’t especially pretty, and she wasn’t particularly good at sports. but she was one of the most popular students at school. everyone loved her! why? what was it about jamie that made everyone notice her? if her looks and her talents weren’t anything to show off, what did she have going for her?here it is---short and simple---jamie had learned the secret of how to make friends and keep them. her secret is: be nice to others! jamie was kind and genuinely cared about others: people responded by wanting to be around her.going along with this big secret of making friends are a few additional suggestions:smiling suggests confidence there is something fascinating about someone who smiles a lot. we are automatically drawn to someone who is happy. wearing a smile usually implies the person behind it is approachable. an approachable person makes others feel at ease and comfortable.共17页，当前第5页1234567891011121314151617 smiles also convey confidence, which is really important when making friends. you don’t have to actually feel confident to smile, but when youdo, people will think you are. furthermore, the more you smile, the more natural your smile will be. you’ll gain confidence from smiling!learn to listen and talk everyone wants to talk. we all have a story to tell. each of us enjoys having someone listen to what we say. it makes us feel important when someone is truly interested in what we’re saying. when other people find out you are willing to listen, they will be talking to you! when someone is talking to you, zero in 100 per cent on that person. don’t pretend to listen but really think about something else. that won’t work in making friends.meanwhile, don’t put the burden of the entire conversation on someone else. you’ve got to do your part, too. it is learning when to talk that is important. try not to talk just to hear yourself talking; no one else can get a word in.everyone should learn to give and take in any relationship. learn to move from being the centre of attention to focusing on the needs of others. modesty is extremely attractive.try to add value to those around you people light up when you recognize something they do well and let them know. it only takes a minute to givesomeone a compliment or to notice what gifts a person has. it automatically adds value to how they see themselves. try to be the kind of person who’s always seeing the positive qualities in others. don’t tear someone down.22. what does friendship mean to westerners?what is meant by the word “friend”? the dictionary defines it as “one attached to another by affection or respect”. americans use the word freely---that is, a friend may or may not be a person to whom one is really attached. friends may have known each other since childhood or they may have recently met. it is difficult to give an exact definition of this word as it is used in the us, because it covers many types of relationships.it is common for americans to have different “circles”. terms such as office mate and tennis partner indicate different types of friends. the office mate is a friend in the office and the tennis partner is a friend on the tennis court. a person may have many good friends and one best friend. “best friends”are usually two people of the same sex who have known each other for a long period of time. people usually have morecasual friends than close or best friends.americans move around quite often and learn to develop friendships easily and quickly. about one out of every five american families moves every year. people move to new places because they begin new jobs, attend distant colleges, get married, have children or simply want a change in their lives. perhaps as a result of this, people form and end friendships quickly.共17页，当前第6页1234567891011121314151617 relationships based on a common activity may stop or end when the activity ends. students might meet in classes and remain friends for the duration of the course and then stop seeing each other after the final examination. the same holds true for neighbours who are the closest of friends until one moves away. in these friendships, shared daily experiences form the foundation for the relationship. long-lasting friendships develop when individuals have similar interests and a common outlook on life. the high rate of mobility in the us can explain a great deal about short-term friendships.friendship and friendliness do not mean the same thing. friendliness characterizes much of american daily interaction but is not always anindication of friendship. strangers may share life histories without any wish to set up a relationship. instant friendships are characterized by the appearance of two people becoming close but, in reality, there is no string connection between them. two people saying hello to each other after being introduced for the first time do not always mean that they have a strong wish to develop a friendship. many people frequently smile or say “have a nice day”or “see you later”, or even give an invitation as part of a cultural pattern of politeness. such expressions do not always suggest an offer of continued friendship.23. adjohow the years have rushed by! it has been a long time since i knew marget swenson. i was a child when i knew her, and now i myself have children. the mind loses many things as it matures, but i never lost marget---my first love and first hurt.i met marget swenson when she joined our sixth-grade class.marget, just fresh from sweden, and i, a sixth generation american. she spoke very little english, but somehow we did manage to understand each other. we took to each other instantly.marget lived up on the hill. that was the place where there were many large and pretty houses. i suppose it was only in passing that i knew only white people lived there.we had so much fun together. we sat for hours in my garden or hers, surrounded by grass. her words were swedish; mine, english. we laughed at the way each of us slid our tongues over the unfamiliar words. i learned the swedish equivalents of hello, friend, and goodbye. however, such fun did not last long, and the disaster began at marget’s birthday party.it was a wednesday. i arrived at the party early. marget and i ran around quickly, putting the finishing touches on the decorations.共17页，当前第7页1234567891011121314151617some fifteen minutes later, the doorbell rang, and in came mary, another girl in our class.but after that nobody came. no one.when it got to be after five, mrs swenson called marget inside. she was there for a long time, and when she came out, she looked very, very sad. “my mother does not think they are coming,”she said.“why not?”mary blurted.marget cast a quick glance at me, but she didn’t say anything.i took marget’s hand. “it’s me, isn’t it?”i said. oh! i remember so painfully today how much i wanted her quick and positive “no!”to my question. but i was only aware of marget trying to slip her hand from mine. i opened my hand and let her go.it was different between us after her birthday. marget stopped coming to my house, and when i asked her when she would, she looked as though she would cry.one day, uninvited, i went to her house, climbed up the hill, and a restless feeling grew within me at every step.marget almost jumped when she opened the door. she stared at me in shock. then, quickly, in a voice i’d never heard before, she said, “my mother says you can’t come to my house any more.”i opened my mouth, and closed it without speaking. the awful thing had come; my suspicion was confirmed; marget was white and i was not. i did know it deep within myself.since that meeting marget and i did not speak to each other at all.on the last day of school, getting up a strange courage, i handed my autograph book to marget. she hesitated, then without looking up, wrote words i don’t remember now; they were quite common words, the kind everyone was writing in everyone else’s book. i waited. slowly, she passed her book to me and in it i wrote with a slow, firm hand some of the words she had taught me. i wrote adjo min van---goodbye, my friend. i released her, let her go, told her not to worry, told her that i no longer needed her. adjo.24. ryan, his friends, and his incredible torch runwe met in a biology class. ryan sat in the front so that his wheelchair wouldn’t get in the way. i, however, believed that he wouldn’t have gotten in the way wherever he sat. i greeted him with a “hello!”and he replied cheerfully. later it proved that this simple “hello!”was all it took for ryan and me to become great friends.ryan suffered from brain damage and had endured many an obstacle. yet, he is able to go on living his life to the fullest. he knows the old saying, “when the going gets tough, the tough get going.”to the deepest and most personal extent.共17页，当前第8页1234567891011121314151617the highlight of our friendship came in our junior year, when ryan asked me to hold the flag that would mark the spot where he would begin his olympic torch run. when he asked me, i didn’t know what to say. “why me?”i asked. he gently responded that he would be honoured if i would accept this position. he said that the olympic committee sent a letter saying that the person that holds the flag must be someone important to him, and i was important to him because i was the only true friend he had ever made that talked to him and not to his wheelchair. how could i refuse such a gracious compliment and request?on june fifth, i took the flag and reached ryan’s starting point early. by then, the streets had begun to fill with students from the surrounding schools and the area residents. everyone was excited. then came the van that carried the torch runners. all of the runners got out except ryan. they lined up outside of the van and began to chant his name. ryan! ryan! then all of the people that lined the streets joined in. ryan! ryan! all i could do was not to cry.the lift then lowered ryan to the ground. there he was, in all his glory.people saw him for ryan and not for his wheelchair. it all became slow motion at the sight of the arriving torch. i gave ryan a hug and then stepped into my spot. the runner lit ryan’s torch and then ryan began his journey. as he took off down the street, the chanting became louder and louder. the excitement filled the air. i could not have been any prouder of ryan! he deserved this moment in time---a historic moment that he was a part of and allowed me to be a part of, too.that moment will last in time forever. it expressed the whole meaning of the flame: love, enthusiasm, and brotherhood. it showed us all that love is really what makes this small world go around.25. the father of modern physicsalbert einstein was born of jewish parents in 1879 in germany. he did badly in most subjects at school, but was fascinated by mathematics, which he did quite well. when he was fifteen, his family moved to italy, and from there he went to switzerland to attend a polytechnic school. after gaining a teaching qualification from the polytechnic, einstein took a post as a junior clerk in an office. einstein was happy to get such an easy job, because it gave him plenty of time to think about physics. itwas the “thought experiments”that he carried out in his head that led to a new understanding of space, time and gravity(引力).in 1905, when he was twenty-six years old, einstein began to publish his thoughts. one of his theories provided an explanation for a puzzling effect, called the photoelectric effect(光电效应), which had been noticed some years earlier. it was in 1921 that he was awarded the nobel prize for physics for his work on the photoelectric effect.共17页，当前第9页1234567891011121314151617in 1914, einstein became a professor of physics at the university of berlin and all went well until hitler came to power in 1933. einstein, who was jewish, spoke out against nazi crimes. as a result, he had to leave germany and spent the rest of his life teaching in the united states at princeton university.in the long course of research, einstein developed his theories of relativity. these theories were so different and new that most scientists could do not believe or understand them, and it took a long time for them to be accepted.einstein’s theories also predicted that solid objects can be changed intopure energy. this did lead to the development of nuclear power(核能) and the atomic bomb(原子弹). however, einstein himself protested against nuclear weapons, and became involved in the peace movement after the first world war.einstein passed away in 1955 at the age of seventy-six. what he left behind is a wealth of ideas that form the foundation of modern physics today.apart from his scientific work, einstein found much pleasure in simple pastimes. among his hobbies were sailing and playing the violin. besides, he loved the company of children.although he was one of the greatest scientists who ever lived, einstein did not take himself seriously. once, when asked to enter a newspaper competition to write an article explaining how light is bent by gravity, he joked that the competition was much too difficult for him to enter.26. the survival of the fittestfor a long time people had wondered how life had developed on earth. the bible(圣经) stated that god had created everything in a week. some people did not believe this. “what about fossils?”they asked. “whathas happened to the strange creatures which existed so many years ago?”they asked.charles darwin(查尔斯•罗伯特•达尔文，英国生物学家，进化论奠基人), a young man just out of university in 1831, was offered a job on a ship on a voyage of discovery around the world. life on board was tough. darwin was terribly seasick and was only happy when he was ashore collecting plant samples and observing animals. it was to be the most important journey in his life. it lasted for five years; he returned in october 1836.darwin studied nature in south america and in a group of small islands in the south pacific. on each island there were birds. they were very similar, but the shape of their beaks, and even their eating habits varied. darwin wondered why they were different. then he realized that, long before, they had been the same. each island had different foods available. only the birds that could eat available food could survive, this might depend on having the right shape of beak. he realized that the same process happened with all living things. over millions of years, all plants and animals have gradually changed into the forms we see today. what wecall “the survival of the fittest”he named “natural selection”. darwin called this slow process of change “evolution”. it explains why many kinds of creature, whose fossil remains, are no longer alive.共17页，当前第10页1234567891011121314151617by 1846, he had published an article describing his voyage. he also began to think seriously about evolution and natural selection, and wrote two essays describing his ideas. he did not publish these essays because he realized his ideas proved the bible’s theory of creation was wrong, and he was worried about the anger and troubles they would cause.darwin spent the following years developing his theories and making them perfect. in 1859 he published them in the origin of species(《物种起源》). it caused a huge row because it seemed to deny what the bible said. his the descent of man(《人类的由来》), 1871, pointed out that mankind had come from the same ancestor. darwin was upset by the opposition. other scientists agreed with his ideas and took up his cause. the church prohibited the teaching of the theory of evolution(进化论) in some countries. however, today most people believe that darwin was right.。

Unit1 Words and Their Stories一、单元分析( Unit Analysis )（一）单元地位( Unit Position )1．本课谈及了词汇故事和谚语。

教师可围绕这一内容，设计活动让学生参与资源共享，扩充对这方面知识的了解。

这对丰富学生的语言知识，提高英语学习的兴趣都很有帮助。

2．围绕“词语故事”这一主题，让学生通过互相交流共享，训练复述故事的能力。

在此过程中，特别注重一下“Giving Examples” 和“Making Yourself Understood” 这两个语言功能的学习。

3．本课出现的语法—不定式的完成式，学生之前应当已接触过。

通过这一单元，教师应在复习原有不定式的基础上如不定式的进行式等，再重点描述并操练不定式的完成式。

如The expression is said to have come from the name of a hard-working animal --- the beaver. / This phrase seemed to have arrived with the modern paper bag. 对于这一语法现象，教师有必要在课堂教学中加以一定的句型操练，加深学生对不定式的完成式的认识。

（二）单元目标( Unit Target )1．了解一些词汇故事和谚语，并能背出一些常用谚语和习语。

2．训练复述故事的能力。

3．学会“Giving Examples” 和“Making Yourself Understood”两类语言功能。

4．复习巩固以前所学过的动词不定式的各项内容，熟练掌握动词不定式的完成式的应用。

（三）单元重点( Unit Points )1．关键词：◆语言知识类complain, seem, wrap, explore, import, plain, have an important part in, exchange for,put value on, be sure of, be supposed to do / be◆交际功能类常用谚语与俗语Better late than never.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.Every little makes.Honesty is the best policy.Habit is second nature.As you sow, so shall you reap.An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.East, west, home is the best.One is never too old to learn.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.…2．功能: 参考课文第13页Useful language1) Giving examples● … i s a good example for us.●Let me cite a few instances: …●… such as …●… for instance …●Let me take … as an example: …●Allow me to cite an example: …●Not only that.2) Making yourself understood●Have you got it?●Do you understand what I mean?●Is that clear to you?●Am I right saying that …?●Did I make everything clear?●Are you with me?●Have I made myself clear?●You got it, didn’t you?3．语法点：本课在复习巩固之前所学过的动词不定式的各项内容基础上，熟练掌握动词不定式的完成式。

Unit 1 Words and Their StoriesPeriod 1【学习目标】1．能够基本掌握词汇、词组、句型。

2．牢记各个知识点的用法，归纳总结异同点，通过习题加强巩固。

【学习重难点】1．能熟练运用单词、短语、句型。

2．能背诵课文中的重点句型或句子。

【学习过程】自主学习1.an eager beaver 卖力工作的人2.be eager for sth.渴望得到某物3.be eager to do sth.渴望、急切地想做某事4.expect sth.. of sb./指望某人某事5.expect too much of sb.，对某人指望过高6.be expected to do=be supposed to do应该做某事7.there is supposed to be…应该有……8.out of expectation=beyond expectation出乎意料plain （to sb.）about sth.向某人抱怨某事plain of诉说（病痛）11.make a complaint of /about sth.抱怨某事12.protest against sth..=make a protest against反对、抗议13.remove sth.. from sp.从某处移去某物14.remove sb. from sth. 免去某人的职务15.settle down 安顿下来，定居16.settle sb. down安顿某人，使某人安顿下来17.settle sown to doing sth.=sit down to doing安下心做某事18.head for 朝……进发（start for, leave for, depart for）19.exchange A…for B=trade A for B以A换B……20.exchange sth. with sb.与某人交换某物21.import sth. from sp. into sp.从某地进口……到某地22.a live pig一头活猪; a man alive; a living man23.present sth. to sb.; present sb. with sth.向某人显示/展示某物24.at present目前，现在25.It is generally recognized that…人们普遍认可的是……26.wrap A in B 把A包裹在B中27.be wrapped up in=be absorbed in 全神贯注于28.Here comes the bus. Here it comes.29.be willing to do=be ready to do 乐意做某事30.be willing to help others乐于助人31.be excited about sth. 对……感到兴奋，紧张32.Suppose (that)…=if.假设33.a hard-working animal一种努力工作的动物34.strange-looking creatures长相奇特的生物35.few other animals少数其他动物36.have /play an important part/role in 在……中起重要作用37.hundreds of millions of数亿的38.put great value on 高度重视39.put much emphasis on重点强调40.be widely used as money被广泛当作钱用41.look for adventure寻求冒险42.search for/look for寻找，搜寻43.the trading post贸易站44.It’s in the bag.= It’s all wrapped up.稳操胜券45.be sure of/about/that对……确定46.reveal a well-kept secret无意间泄露秘密47.hold sth. up举着；耽搁【达标检测】一、根据中文写出词组1.（非常）重视2．交换3．包好；裹住；完成4．对……有把握5．以……的方式6．先采取行动7．记住8．使……产生；生育9．过时10．脱离上下文11．一系列的12．以……的形式二、根据中文以及英文提示写出词组1．渴望得到某东西(eager)渴望、急切的想做某事2．期望某人去做某事(expect)对某人期望过高3．向某人抱怨某事(complain)诉说（病痛等）4．抗议/反对某事(protest)5．将某物移到别处(remove)免去某人的职务6．向某人揭露某事物(reveal)7．砍树(cut)8．在……上起重大作用（part）9．拿某物去交换另一物（exchange）10．许多的；大量的（number）11．由……组成（make）12．和……有联系(relate)13．愿意去做(willing)Unit 1 Words and Their StoriesPeriod 2【学习目标】1．能够基本掌握词汇、词组、句型。

Procedures:1.Background InformationProverb: concise statement, in general use. Expressing a shrewd perception about everyday life or a universally recognized truth. Most proverbs are rooted in folklore and have been preserved by oral tradition. An examp le of such commonplace wisdom is “ A rolling stone gathers no moss.” The Bible has provided a large number of proverbs, for example, “An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.” Some proverbs have literary origins, as in the case of Benjamin Franklin’s adaptation of Aesop’s proverb “ The God helps them that help themselves” Franklin himself originated the proverb “ Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, and wise” Proverbs are appealing because they are succinct and because they use simple rhy me ( “ A friend in need is a friend indeed” ), irony, metaphor ( “ still waters run deep” 静水流深，大智若愚), and comparison or contrast ( A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush ).2.Picture talkI. Exercise A1II. More questions and answers about the pictures.Q: What is the possible job of the man ?A: He is a tradesman.Q: What is the man holding in his hands?A: A big cloth bag.Q: what is the probable relationship between the man and the woman?A: seller and buyer.Q: What does the woman want to buy?A: A pig.Q: What is in the bag?A: A cat.Q: Why the man put a cat in the bag instead of a pig?Picture 2Q: Why are the people in the picture in a hurry?A: Because it is raining cats and dogs.Q: In such a case, what will you do?A: I will look for some rain shelter instead of enjoying the downpour.Q: Do you know the origin of the phrase “ it is raining cats and dogs”?A: Raining very heavily.Origin of the phrase “ it is raining cats and dogs”: The phrase is supposed to have originated in England in the 17th century. City Witt, 1652 has the line It shall rain dogs and polecats’ Also, cats and dogs both have ancient associations with bad weather. Witches were supposed to ride the wind during storms in the form of cats. In northern mythology the storm god W3din had dogs as attendants.III.Ask the students to work in pairs and make up a story according to each picture. Homework:1.Prepare Exercise A2-A3 and B on page 22.Look through the new words on page 163.Read the textSession TwoAims:1.To check the prevision of the new vocabulary2.To help students have a general idea of the text3.To finish Exercises: A2, A3 and BProcedures:1.To check whether students have previewed the new words and finish Task 12.To read the words and definitions3.General understanding of the text.i. Exercises A2, A3 and B.ii. More True of False questions1.The phrase “ eager beaver” usually refers to an animal which is quite diligent. (F)2.According to the text, the students who complain about too much homework areeager beavers.(F)3.Beavers look quite lovely and beautiful.(F)4.Beavers can create little lakes by themselves. ( T)5.Beavers are of great economic values to mankind.( T )6.Nowadays beavers help a lot in the development of the western territories of theU.S.(F)7.The word “ bag” has many others meaning besides referring to a container that isused to carry articles.( T )8.When you are sure to lose the match, you can say: “ The match is in the bag”. (F)9.The phrase “ to let the cat out of the bag” came from folklore. (T)10.I t’s out-of-date to use proverbs recently.(F)Homework:1.To read the text2. To read the new words3.To preview the main pointsSession ThreeAims:1. To check the homework assigned2. To read the new words3.To finish exercises C1 and C2Procedures:1.To check the homework assigned.Finish Task 2 to see if the students have consulted the given assignment in the dictionary.2.To explain the main pointsNew words and phrases.1.Self- study Words1.be willing to = be ready toI am willing to tell you the whole story.He is unwilling to face the fact.2.supposea.认为，猜测I don’t suppose that we will win.We will win the match, I suppose.I suppose the match to be interesting.b.假设，（虚拟）Let’s suppose we were on the moon , what would you do?Be supposed to 应该Every student is supposed not to be late for class.3.creature 名词人，生物。

新世纪英语高二下册全部课文．上海外语教育出版社——新世纪英语高二全部课文（包括Additional Reading）及重点词组高二第二学期17. Words and their storiesEAGER BEAVER An eager beaver is a person who is always willing to do and isexcited about doing what is expected of him.Suppose, for example, that a teacher tells his students they each must solveone hundred math problems before coming to school the next day. The childrencomplain about so much homework. But one student does not protest at all. Thatstudent is an eager beaver. He loves to do math problems, and does not mind allthe homework.The expression is said to have come from the name of a hard-workinganimal---the beaver.Beavers are strange-looking creatures. They spend a lot of time in the water,building dams to create little lakes or ponds. They use their huge teeth and workhard to cut down trees, remove branches and put them across streams. They usetheir tails to pack mud on the branches to make the dams solid. Few otheranimals work so hard.Historians say the beaver had an important part in the settlement of NorthAmerica.There were hundreds of millions of beavers when European settlers firstarrived. The settlers put great value on the fur of beavers. In fact, for twohundred years or more, beavers provided the most valuable fur in NorthAmerica. Beaver skins often used as money.Young men looking for adventure headed west across the country to searchfor beavers. In their search, they explored much of the western territories. Thetrading posts, where they exchanged beaver skins for the goods they needed,became villages, and later towns and cities.IT'S IN THE BAG The bag---one of the simplest and most useful things in everyman or woman's life---has given the world many strange expressions that are notvery simple. A number of these expressions are widely used in the United Statestoday. Some were imported from England a long time ago.When you are sure of something, you can say, “It's in the bag.”This phrase seemed to have arrived with the modern paper bag. Before,Americans used to say, “It's all wrapped up.” Then, thingsyou bought werewrapped in plain brown paper, or sometimes in old newspaper. Another widely used expressions is “to let the cat out of thebag”, meaningto reveal a well-kept secret.No one can explain how the cat got into the bag, or why it remained there.But there is an old story about it. Long ago tradesman sold things in large clothbags. Once a woman asked for a pig. The tradesman held up his cloth bag. Insidethere was supposed to be a live pig. The woman asked to see it. When thedishonest tradesman opened the bag, out jumped a squealing cat, not a pig. Thetradesman's secret was out: he was tricky, and now everybody knew it.218. English proverbsCharactersTeacher of English: Ms Smith (MS)Students: Li (LI), Mao (MA), Anne (AN), Rivera (RI)MS: Good morning, everyone. I hope you all know what we are here for. Thetopic of our discussion this morning is “English Proverbs”.LI: So, I'm in the right group.MA: Me, too.RI: Me, too.MS: But I was told we would have four…and yet…AN: I'm coming. Good morning. Am I late?MS: Morning. “Speak of angels and you hear their songs.”AN: Is that a proverb referring to my coming?MS: Exactly.LI: We have a saying in Chinese, which I think is very close in meaning…MA: Speak of Cao Cao and he appears.MS: Right. Well, “first things first”. A proverb is atraditional saying whichoffers advice or presents a moral in a short and brief manner.A proverbnormally is a sentence, into which the writer often works rhyme. For instance,“East or west, home is best.” Sometimes it comes out in theform of a phrase.MA: I've seen dictionaries of proverbs.MS: Well, there are thousands of proverbs. They fall into three main categories.Those of the first type take the form of abstract statements. They express generaltruths. Here are two good examples: “One is never too old to learn.” and “A manwho neglects his studies in youth will regret it in later years.”RI: I think there is some truth in both proverbs. To encourage a person who hashad little education for some reason as a young man, we may use the former.With us, I guess the latter works.MS: So you have to keep this in mind. Never use proverbs out of context. “Oneman's meat is another man's poison.”LI: I see. Then, what is the second type?MS: The second type uses specific observations from everyday experience tomake a general point.AN: “Don't put all your eggs in one basket.” Does it fallinto the secondcategory?MS: You're right, dear. Then the third type consists of sayings from particularareas of traditional customs and beliefs. “After dinner, resta while; after supper,walk a mile.” is an example of this type. Such proverbs areoften related toagriculture, the seasons, and the weather.LI: Many people hold the opinion that proverbs are going out of fashion. Is thattrue?MS: The fact is, as some old ones are falling into disuse, new ones are beingcreated. The computer world has recently given us lots of them. AN: I've got one: “Rubbish in, rubbish out.”3MA: It also goes “Garbage in, garbage out.”MS: I think it is more common to say “Garbage in, garbage out.”Well, I hope,today “You'll have something nice out as you have had something nice in.”AN: Thank you, Ms Smith. By the way, do we have an assignment as usual?MS: Yes. You are to collect some proverbs of the first type, that is, proverbs thatexpress general truths.LI: I'd like to collect some on studies.MS: Good! I'm so glad to have been with you. (To the four students) “Strikewhile the iron is hot.” See you next week.19. Tips on making a public speechIt is interesting to note that speeches are always “given”or “delivered”.They are never “said”. When giving a speech, therefore, itis useful to think ofyourself as playing a part, i.e. acting. This kind of actingcalls for an integrationof verbal and nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication chieflyinvolves the speaker's stance and gestures, the eye contact between the speakerand the audience, and a good control of the presentation speed oftalking/speaking.STANCE This is important to the delivery of a good speech. Stand up straightand keep your head up. Dropping your head looks unprofessional and mayprevent your audience from hearing you clearly. On the other hand, don't standlike a guard on duty. You have to be able to move in a natural way in order toadd expression to your words. Body language “says” a lot.Avoid holding yourhands tightly together; this will interfere with free and natural movement. Don'tplay with keys or coins in your pocket; this will distract your audience.GESTURES Gestures and facial expressions are both important aids to thespoken word when you are communicating. A dull, long speech delivered withoutexpression, without gestures or eye contact will not be well received. The skill isin deciding how much gesturing to be employed and in making sure that yourgestures are natural.In general, the larger the audience, the more expansive the gestures shouldbe, because they will not be seen so clearly by the audience. In a small group,facial expressions will add a lot to understanding. Try telling somebodysomething funny with a very serious face. They will have difficulty believingwhat you are really saying is funny.Different gestures are supposed to be used in delivering a speech. Somepeople use their hands a lot when speaking. You must make surethat yourgestures are not repeated too often, and they should be expressive andmeaningful.EYE CONTACT To have maximum impact you need to make each member ofyour audience fell as if you were speaking to them personally. To do this, glancetowards all sections of the audience and don't be afraid to move your head. Ifyou favour one direction, the other side may feel you are ignoring them andtherefore lose interest in what you are saying.TIMING Accurate timing is essential. You should ensure that you don't fall short4of or run over the time allowed for your speech. Either way, the audience will feelunhappy and lose concentration on your speech. The best way to overcome this isthrough preparation. Clear thinking about what you want to say and how longyour speech will last, before you start to write it, will save a lot of time. Whenpractising, make sure that you speak at the correct speed and do time yourself.sake20. Keep it short for the audience'sHow long should I make my speech? How long will my audience concentrateon my speech? Hoe slowly should I speak to make myself clearly understood? Intrying to answer these questions, we see how important timing is to speech.famous the THAN 15 MINUTES Lin Yutang, KEEP YOUR SPEECH LESS the shorter, of a speech, “the once writer and translator,said about the lengthin seriously avoided, not only should better.” Speaking aroundthe topic bein Being indirect and roundabout speech, but in all conversations in English.No in English speech? may be thought skillful in Chinese. But your approachway. When one is making a speech in English, he should always stick to the point,and use simple, clear, and direct language.According to scientists, audiences can generally only manage to concentratefor about 13 minutes. So a 10-15-minute speech is about right. on Abraham Lincoln The famous Gettysburg Address, delivered byNovember 19, 1863 has about 200 words, but it still managed to express the ideathat all people are born equal.150-160 WORDS PER MINUTE Speaking speed often depends on the occasionfor the speech. The number of people in the audience is also an important factorto be considered.If you are speaking to hundreds or even thousands of people, especially inthe open air, you should speak slowly. The idea is to let the audience catch everysingle word of your speech. For example, when Martin Luther King spoke, evento a small group, his usual speaking speed was only 110 to 120 words per minute.When you are speaking indoors to a small group, say, 10 or 20 people, youmay speed up a bit. Speaking at a speed of around 200 words a minute, you canstill retain the audience's attention.So, we can see that the average speed is about 150 to 160 words per minute.to the important point is are Whether you speaking slowly or rapidly,think wonderful you matter pronounce every word clearly. Otherwise, no howyour content is, the audience won't be able to follow you. Use phonetic symbolsto mark the places you often mess up, in advance, and practise every day beforeyou get up on stage.or want you a particular sentence DRAMATIC PAUSE FOR EFFECT Ifexpression to leave a deep impression on your audience, youcan pause a whilebefore uttering it. During the pause, the audience will grow curious about whysentence, to hear the next expect will and to you choose pause they anxiouslywhich is exactly what you want to happen.But don't pause too frequently or too long. Eye contact and a smile, with ayour audience. If you simplybit of body language, will also effectively impress5stop suddenly and remain silent for several seconds before you start again,they'll probably think, “Oh, he (she) has forgotten the words!”21. Making friendsJamie was like a magnet---she always had a crowd around her. She wasn'tespecially pretty, and she wasn't particularly good at sports. But she was one ofthe most popular students at school. Everyone loved her! Why? What was it about Jamie that made everyone notice her? If her looksand her talents weren't anything to show off, what did she have going for her?Here it is---short and simple---Jamie had learned the secret of how to makefriends and keep them. Her secret is: Be nice to others! Jamie was kind andgenuinely cared about others: people responded by wanting to be around her.Going along with this big secret of making friends are a few additionalsuggestions:SMILING SUGGESTS CONFIDENCE There is something fascinating aboutsomeone who smiles a lot. We are automatically drawn to someone who is happy.Wearing a smile usually implies the person behind it is approachable. Anapproachable person makes others feel at ease and comfortable. Smiles also convey confidence, which is really important whenmakingfriends. You don't have to actually feel confident to smile, but when you do,people will think you are. Furthermore, the more you smile, the more naturalyour smile will be. You'll gain confidence from smiling! LEARN TO LISTEN AND TALK Everyone wants to talk. We all have a story totell. Each of us enjoys having someone listen to what we say. It makes us feelimportant when someone is truly interested in what we're saying.When other people find out you are willing to listen, they will be talking toyou! When someone is talking to you, zero in 100 per cent on that person. Don'tpretend to listen but really think about something else. That won't work inmaking friends.Meanwhile, don't put the burden of the entire conversation on someone else.You've got to do your part, too. It is learning when to talk that is important. Trynot to talk just to hear yourself talking; no one else can get a word in.Everyone should learn to give and take in any relationship. Learn to movefrom being the centre of attention to focusing on the needs of others. Modesty isextremely attractive.TRY TO ADD VALUE TO THOSE AROUND YOU People light up when yourecognize something they do well and let them know. It only takes a minute togive someone a compliment or to notice what gifts a person has. It automaticallyadds value to how they see themselves. Try to be the kind of person who's alwaysseeing the positive qualities in others. Don't tear someone down.22. What does friendship mean to westerners?What is meant by the word “friend”? The dictionary defines it as “oneattached to another by affection or respect”. Americans usethe wordfreely---that is, a friend may or may not be a person to whom one is reallyattached. Friends may have known each other since childhood or they may have6recently met. It is difficult to give an exact definition of this word as it is used inthe US, because it covers many types of relationships.It is common for Americans to have different “circles”. Termssuch as officemate and tennis partner indicate different types of friends. The office mate is afriend in the office and the tennis partner is a friend on the tennis court. Aperson may have many good friends and one best friend. “Best friends” areusually two people of the same sex who have known each other for a long periodof time. People usually have more casual friends than close or best friends.Americans move around quite often and learn to develop friendships easilyand quickly. About one out of every five American families moves every year.People move to new places because they begin new jobs, attend distant colleges,get married, have children or simply want a change in their lives. Perhaps as aresult of this, people form and end friendships quickly. Relationships based on a common activity may stop or end when the activityends. Students might meet in classes and remain friends for the duration of thecourse and then stop seeing each other after the final examination. The sameholds true for neighbours who are the closest of friends until one moves away. Inthese friendships, shared daily experiences form the foundation for therelationship. Long-lasting friendships develop when individuals have similarinterests and a common outlook on life. the high rate of mobility in the US canexplain a great deal about short-term friendships. Friendship and friendliness do not mean the same thing. Friendlinesscharacterizes much of American daily interaction but is not always an indicationof friendship. Strangers may share life histories without any wish to set up arelationship. Instant friendships are characterized by the appearance of twopeople becoming close but, in reality, there is no string connection between them.Two people saying hello to each other after being introduced for the first time donot always mean that they have a strong wish to develop a friendship. Manypeople frequently smile or say “Have a nice day” or “See you later”, or even givean invitation as part of a cultural pattern of politeness. Such expressions do notalways suggest an offer of continued friendship.23. AdjoHow the years have rushed by! It has been a long time since I knew MargetSwenson. I was a child when I knew her, and now I myself have children. Themind loses many things as it matures, but I never lost Marget---my first love andfirst hurt.I met Marget Swenson when she joined our sixth-grade class. Marget, just fresh from Sweden, and I, a sixth generation American. Shespoke very little English, but somehow we did manage to understand each other.We took to each other instantly.Marget lived up on the hill. That was the place where therewere many largeand pretty houses. I suppose it was only in passing that I knew only white peoplelived there.We had so much fun together. We sat for hours in my garden or hers,7surrounded by grass. Her words were Swedish; mine, English. We laughed at theway each of us slid our tongues over the unfamiliar words.I learned the Swedishequivalents of hello, friend, and goodbye.However, such fun did not last long, and the disaster began at Marget'sbirthday party.It was a Wednesday. I arrived at the party early. Marget and I ran aroundquickly, putting the finishing touches on the decorations.Some fifteen minutes later, the doorbell rang, and in came Mary, anothergirl in our class.But after that nobody came. No one.When it got to be after five, Mrs Swenson called Marget inside. She wasthere for a long time, and when she came out, she looked very, very sad. “Mymother does not think they are coming,” she said.“Why not?” Mary blurted.Marget cast a quick glance at me, but she didn't say anything.I took Marget's hand. “It's me, isn't it?” I said. Oh! I remember so painfullytoday how much I wanted her quick and positive “No!” to myquestion. But Iwas only aware of Marget trying to slip her hand from mine.I opened my handand let her go.It was different between us after her birthday. Marget stopped coming tomy house, and when I asked her when she would, she looked as though she wouldcry.One day, uninvited, I went to her house, climbed up the hill, and a restlessfeeling grew within me at every step.Marget almost jumped when she opened the door. She stared at me in shock.Then, quickly, in a voice I'd never heard before, she said,“My mother says youcan't come to my house any more.”I opened my mouth, and closed it without speaking. The awful thing hadcome; my suspicion was confirmed; Marget was white and I was not. I did knowit deep within myself.Since that meeting Marget and I did not speak to each other at all.On the last day of school, getting up a strange courage, I handed myautograph book to Marget. She hesitated, then without looking up, wrote words Idon't remember now; they were quite common words, the kind everyone waswriting in everyone else's book. I waited. Slowly, she passed her book to me andin it I wrote with a slow, firm hand some of the words she had taught me. I wroteAdjo min van---Goodbye, my friend. I released her, let her go, told her not toworry, told her that I no longer needed her. Adjo.24. Ryan, his friends, and his incredible torch runWe met in a biology class. Ryan sat in the front so that his wheelchairwouldn't get in the way. I, however, believed that he wouldn't have gotten in theway wherever he sat. I greeted him with a “Hello!” and he replied cheerfully.Later it proved that this simple “Hello!” was all it tookfor Ryan and me tobecome great friends.8Ryan suffered from brain damage and had endured many an obstacle. Yet,. He knows the old saying, “When he is able to go on living his life to the fullest personal most the deepest and the tough get going.” to gets the going tough,extent.The highlight of our friendship came in our junior year, when Ryan askedme to hold the flag that would mark the spot where he would begin his Olympicdidn't know what to say. “Why me?” I asked. He torch run.When he asked me, Igently responded that he would be honoured if I would accept this position. Hesaid that the Olympic committee sent a letter saying that the person that holdsthe flag must be someone important to him, and I was important to him becausethat talked to him and not to his made I was the only true friend he had everwheelchair. How could I refuse such a gracious compliment and request?By early. starting point the flag and reached Ryan's On June fifth, I tookthen, the streets had begun to fill with students from the surrounding schools andthe that carried the excited. Then came van the area residents. Everyone wastorch runners. All of the runners got out except Ryan. They lined up outside ofthe van and began to chant his name. Ryan! Ryan! Then all of the people thatlined the streets joined in. Ryan! Ryan! All I could do was not to cry.glory. all his he was, in ground. lift then lowered Ryan to the There ThePeople saw him for Ryan and not for his wheelchair. It allbecame slow motion atthe sight of the arriving torch. I gave Ryan a hug and then stepped into my spot.off took journey. As he torch Ryan's and then Ryan began his The runner litfilled excitement louder. The became street, the chanting louder and down thethe air. I could not have been any prouder of Ryan! He deserved this moment intime---a historic moment that he was a part of and allowed me to be a part of,too.That moment will last in time forever. It expressed the whole meaning of thereally love is showed us all that It flame: love, enthusiasm, and brotherhood.what makes this small world go around.25. The father of modern physicsdid He 1879 in Germany. parents Albert Einstein was born of Jewish inwas fascinated by mathematics, which he but badly in most subjects at school,did quite well. When he was fifteen, his family moved to Italy, and from there hewent to Switzerland to attend a polytechnic school.After gaining a teaching qualification from the polytechnic, Einstein took apost as a junior clerk in an office. Einstein was happy to get such an easy job,the “thought because it gave him plenty of time to think aboutphysics. It wascarried out in his head that led to a new understanding ofexperiments” that he).引力space, time and gravity(his publish began years old,Einstein to twenty-six he 1905, In when wasthoughts. One of his theories provided an explanation for a puzzling effect, called), which had been noticed some years earlier. It thephotoelectric effect(光电效应was in 1921 that he was awardedthe Nobel Prize for Physics for his work on the photoelectric effect.9In 1914, Einstein became a professor of physics at the University of Berlinand all went well until Hitler came to power in 1933. Einstein, who was Jewish,spoke out against Nazi crimes. As a result, he had to leave Germany and spentthe rest of his life teaching in the United States at Princeton University.In the long course of research, Einstein developed his theories of relativity.These theories were so different and new that most scientists could do not believeor understand them, and it took a long time for them to be accepted.Einstein's theories also predicted that solid objects can be changed into pureenergy. This did lead to the development of nuclear power(核能) and the atomicbomb(原子弹). However, Einstein himself protested againstnuclear weapons,and became involved in the peace movement after the First World War.Einstein passed away in 1955 at the age of seventy-six. What he left behindis a wealth of ideas that form the foundation of modern physics today.Apart from his scientific work, Einstein found much pleasure in simplepastimes. Among his hobbies were sailing and playing the violin. Besides, heloved the company of children.Although he was one of the greatest scientists who ever lived, Einstein didnot take himself seriously. Once, when asked to enter a newspaper competition towrite an article explaining how light is bent by gravity, he joked that thecompetition was much too difficult for him to enter.26. The survival of the fittestFor a long time people had wondered how life had developed on earth. TheBible(圣经) stated that god had created everything in a week. Some people didnot believe this. “What about fossils?” they asked. “What has happened to thestrange creatures which existed so many years ago?” they asked.Charles Darwin(查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文，英国生物学家，进化论奠基人),a young man just out of university in 1831, was offered a job on a ship on avoyage of discovery around the world. Life on board was tough. Darwin wasterribly seasick and was only happy when he was ashore collecting plant samplesand observing animals. It was to be the most important journey in his life. Itlasted for five years; he returned in October 1836.Darwin studied nature in South America and in a group of small islands inthe South Pacific. On each island there were birds. They were very similar, butthe shape of their beaks, and even their eating habits varied. Darwin wonderedwhy they were different. Then he realized that, long before, they had been thesame. Each island had different foods available. Only the birds that could eatavailable food could survive, this might depend on having the right shape of beak.He realized that the same process happened with all living things. Over millionsof years, all plants and animals have gradually changed into the forms we seetoday. What we call “the survival of the fittest” he named “natural selection”.Darwin called this slow process of change “evolution”. Itexplains why manykinds of creature, whose fossil remains, are no longer alive. By 1846, he had published an article describing his voyage. He also began tothink seriously about evolution and natural selection, and wrote two essays10describing his ideas. He did not publish these essays because he realized his ideasproved the Bible's theory of creation was wrong, and he was worried about theanger and troubles they would cause.Darwin spent the following years developing his theories and making themperfect. In 1859 he published them in The Origin of Species(《物种起源》). Itcaused a huge row because it seemed to deny what the Bible said. His TheDescent of Man(《人类的由来》), 1871, pointed out that mankindhad come fromthe same ancestor. Darwin was upset by the opposition. Other scientists agreedwith his ideas and took up his cause. The Church prohibited the teaching of theTheory of Evolution(进化论) in some countries. However, todaymost peoplebelieve that Darwin was right.27. Miracle in the rice fieldIt is said that every scientist has a childhood dream for his or her futuresuccess. For Yuan Longpin, known as the “father of hybrid rice(杂交水稻)”, thedream is that he cultivates rice as huge as peanuts, and farmers can have a restin the cool shadow of big rice plants.。

Unit One Words and Their StoriesPeriod OneTeaching aims:1.The students will be able to have a clear picture of the meaning of the idioms andtheir origin.2.The students will get familiar with some expressions in the text.Teaching Method:Communicative Teaching Method and Task-based ApproachTeaching Aids:Multimedia and a blackboardTeaching Procedure:I.Understanding of the text：1.Skim the passage and finish the exercise on page 2 ,A22.Scan the whole passage and finish T or F question on Page 2 , Ex B . You must offer the exact information3. Read " Eager Beaver" carefully and answer the following questions:1)What kind of a person can be called "eager beaver"?A person who is always willing to do and is excited about doing what is expected of him.2)Use an example to explain the phrase "eager beaver"A student who loves to do math problems and does not mind all the homework assigned by teacher.3)Why is beaver used to describe a diligent person?Because a beaver is a hard-working animal.4)What does the sentence "Few other animals work so hard" imply"It implies that beavers work harder than any other animal.5)Why do historians say that the beaver had an important part in the settlement ofNorth America?Because the settlers put great value on the fur of beavers.6)What can we infer from paragraph J?Americans used to wrap the things they bought in paper.II.Sentence analysis1)The expression is said to have come from the name of a hard-working animal-- the beaver.可改为：It’s said that the expression came from the name of a diligent animal---beaver. “eager beaver”这一表达方式据说是源自于一种勤劳的动物——海狸。