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高级英语 Unit 9 Mark Twain --- Mirror of America翻译&词汇2010年12月19日星期日 19:50第九课马克?吐温——美国的一面镜子(节选)诺埃尔?格罗夫在大多数美国人的心目中，马克?吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克?费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆?索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克?吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克?吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克?吐温原名塞缪尔?朗赫恩?克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。
他的笔名取自他在蒸汽船上做工时听到的报告水深为两口寻(12英尺)——意即可以通航的信号语。
他的作品中有二十几部至今仍在印行，其外文译本仍在世界各地拥有读者，由此可见他的享誉程度。
在马克?吐温青年时代，美国的地理中心是密西西比河流域，而密西西比河是这个年轻国家中部的交通大动脉。
龙骨船、平底船和大木筏载运着最重要的商品。
木材、玉米、烟草、小麦和皮货通过这些运载工具顺流而下，运送到河口三角洲地区，而砂糖、糖浆、棉花和威士忌酒等货物则被运送到北方。
在19世纪50年代，西部领土开发高潮到来之前，辽阔的密西西比河流域占美国已开发领土的四分之三。
1857年，少年马克?吐温作为蒸汽船上的一名小领航员踏人了这片天地。
在这个新的工作岗位上，他接触到的是各式各样的人物，看到的是一个多姿多彩的大干世界。
他完全地投身到这种生活之中，经常在操舵室里听着人们谈论民间争斗、海盗抢劫、私刑案件、游医卖药以及河边的一些化外民居的故事。
单词eternal adj. 永恒的，不朽的every bit as 全部，完全一样cynical adj. 玩世不恭的frailty n. 性格、行为上有缺点；意志薄弱starry-eyed adj. 过分乐观的；幻想的acid-tongued adj.尖刻的；讥讽的teem with 富于，充满acknowledge vt. 承认；n. 致谢词acquaint with 熟悉，认识，使了解drying up = cut downflirt with 玩弄ring familiarly in = impression onin earnest 严肃的，认真的lament vt. 哀悼；痛惜ParaphraseI found another Twain as well—one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.我发现马克吐温的另一面，一个历经人生痛苦而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄、郁郁寡欢的马克吐温，一个因人类的弱点而忧心忡忡、清晰地看到前途一片黑暗的马克吐温。
a man who became constantly preoccupied by the moral disadvantage of mankind.and lecture.马克吐温感受着美国的新生活，此后便以作家和演说家的身份将他所感受的一切讲述给全世界。
Mark Twain first observed and absorbed the new American experience, and then made it widely know to the world in his books.3. The cast of characters（押头韵alliteration）set before him in his new profession was rich and varied—a cosmos.在这个新的工作岗位上，他接触到形形色色的任务，看到一个多姿多彩的大千世界。
2021年《高级英语》课文逐句翻译（9）Lesson Nine The Trouble with Television 电视的弊端The Trouble with Television要摆脱电视的影响是困难的。
It is difficult to escape the influence of television.假如统计的平均数字适用于你的话，那么你到20岁的时候就至少看过2万个小时的电视了，从那以后每生活10年就会增加1万小时。
If you fit the statistical averages，by the age of 20 you will have been exposed to at least 20，000 hours of television. You can add 10，000 hours for each decade you have lived after the age of 20.笔起看电视，美国人只有在工作和睡眠上花时间更多。
The only things Americans do more than watch television are work and sleep.稍微计算一下，使用这些时间的一部分能够做些什么。
Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours.听说一个大学生仅用5000小时就可以获得学士学位。
Five thousand hours，I am told，are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor’s degree.在1万个小时内你能学成一个天文学家或工程师，流利掌握几门外语。
In 10，000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently.如果你感兴趣的话，你可能读希腊原文的荷马史诗或俄文版的陀思妥耶夫斯基的作品；如果对此不感兴趣，那你可以徒步周游世界，撰写一本游记。
Summary and ResponseUnit9 Text ⅠPigskin EnglishIn this essay, the writer Robert recounted his investigation into the language of sportscasters. He believed that popular football commentators were mangling English grammar and setting a bad example for viewers. As a result, he found that sportscasters really speak as well as many TV news reporters.At first, he sat down in front of a TV set and watched football games attentively and listened to the commentators carefully with a notebook and a pen in his hand, ready to take note notes of instances of mangled English. Then the writer recounts the findings of his investigation. To compensate for the dullness TV has imposed on the game, the sportscasters keep up the verbal razzle-dazzle. Robert highly praised the English Madden speaks so colorfully and directly tells us that football commentators have brought about a variety of English characterized by regularity, colloquialism and elegance, which gives full play to the functions of language. At last, he states his viewpoint in a straightforward manner: Sportscasters do not speak any worse than newsmen at all.Nowadays, I think the media language has a strong influence on the way people use their English. With the development of globalization, English is widely used by most people all over the world; therefore, English used by media tends to spread widely. What’s more, the groups of people that most susceptible to media influence are the young. Because the youngsters like surfing the internet, watching TV, watching sports matches, watching entertainment programs and looking through news, especially for students who learn English, they tend to learn English with internet, they practice their English by listening to the BBC or VOA and other English news, as a result, they are widely exposed to the medias. Therefore, the media English has a great influence on the way people use English. And I think they all speak influence and well.Besides, the use of English is various. People from different areas, of different ages and sexes, having different occupations, belonging to different social classes, use language in different ways. The differences can be found in their pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, etc. I think we should accept the differences in language, because every kind of language has its own history of development, and it has its own rules to observe. It is just their differences that enrich the content of language, or the language will be dull and boring.Text ⅡBlack EnglishIn this passage, the author argued for the recognition of the English spoken by American blacks as a distinct variety.Black English is regarded as a kind of inferior language by white Americans, and white Americans are hardly aware of the extent to which the great major of black Americans suffer from linguistic schizophreni a—of a unique sort. In fact, Blackpeople speak a dialect that has a strikingly different grammar and a sound system. But white men think Black people are trying to speak Standard English. Anyone who speaks Black English thinks that he is shameful as a user of an inferior kind of English. The whole subject of Black English is so tied up with both racism and good intention. Its radical departure from Standard English has nothing to do with the anatomy of race or with the educational deprivation. Black English is the result of five major influences: African language; West African pidgin; a Plantation Creole; Standard English and urbanization in the northern ghettos. However, among these influences, the second influence is more apparent because the languages spoken today by the descendants of slaves almost everywhere in the New Word. Like other languages, Black English uses a different set of rules than those of Standard English, so it should be recognized.I think every language should be recognized by everyone. There is no distinguishing of superiority and inferiority in language. But nowadays, it seems that people are tending to use the standard language, and they regard other languages as inferior languages which is a mispronunciation. For example, in china, the standard Chinese, that is, mandarin is learned by every student, so people think the standard Chinese is superior to any other languages. And in America, almost all people think the Standard English is superior to others, so they discriminate against Black English. Therefore, we get bogged down in a misunderstanding. The fact is that each language has its own rules to observe, and it is formed under many different influences, and it has its own history. As a result, it is grammatical consistent and it is generated by rules in the same way that the standard language is generated by rules. What different is that it uses a different set of rules than those of standard languages.Therefore, we should be fair to all the languages, especially the languages of minority nationality which have their own history and features. Because of their existence, the language culture is colorful, or it will be dull. So the diversity of languages is also a kind of cultural heritage, and we should set a high value on it.。
