职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-149

05年职称英语考试卫生类(C级)试题及答案(4)A New Definitions of the Old ManB Changing Concept of the Old ManC Health of the old ManD Happy Old Man And Sad Old ManE Limited Knowledge of the OId Mall’s ExperiencesF Contempt for the Old Man27 Nowadays men generally live longer than_____28 A man in his mid-60s is now regarded as_____29 More research should be done on the experiences of_____30 Most old men consider themselves to be_____A in good healthB in the pastC in the wrongD the old manE a middle-aged manF a young man第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。

请根据文章的内容从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇US States Do Poorly in Women’s HealthNot a single US state meets basic feder al goals for women’s health，and the nation as a whole fails except in two areas—mammograms(乳腺x光照片)and dental(牙齿的)check-ups—researchers said on ThursdayMillions of women lack health insurance，and states make it difficult to enroll(加八)in Medicaid．the state-federal health insurance plan for the poor，according to the report．And few states are doing anywhere near enough to help women quit smoking——the leading cause of death in the United States“The nation as a whole and the i ndividual states fall short of meeting national goals，”reads the report．put together by the National Women’s Law Center and the Oregon Health＆Science University．“These health goals provide a road map for assessing the status of women’s health．”Of 27 measures examined by the group，from screening for diseases to actually treating them．the nation passes on only two，the researchers said“The nation is so far from the health goals that it receives an overall grade of‘unsatisfactory’，”they wrote．The problem seems to be a lack among states of an overall plan for health in general，the NWLC said．“State policy makers’ piecemeal(一件一件做的)approach to our health care crisis has resulted in a complex and ineffective system that fails to meet the health care ne eds of women,” Judy Waxman NWLC Vice President for Health，said in a statement．“Lawmakers need to take a comprehensive，long-term approach to meeting women ‘s health needs and tackle this serious problem that troubles so many families．31 In which area is the nation successful?A Dental check-ups．B Health promotion．C Disease screeningD Cancer treatment．。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-41、The document was compiled by the Department of Health.【单选题】A.writtenB.printedC.attachedD.sent正确答案:A答案解析:题干大意：这一文件由卫生部拟写。

compile意为“编辑、编写”，如：compile?an?encyclopedia（编辑一本百科全书）。

write意为“写”，最符合题意，如：He?has?written?many?books.（他已写过很多书。

）print意为“印刷”。

如：print?the?final?copy?of?your?essay（打印作文的终稿）。

attach意为“系，贴”，如：attach?a?label?to?the?product（给商品贴上商标）。

send意为“送”，如：He?sent?her?some?flowers.（他给她送了些花。

）2、All the pupils seem to be very cheerful.【单选题】A.happyB.healthyC.naughtyD.busy正确答案:A答案解析:所有的小学生看起来都很高兴。

本题难度不大，考察的是基本意义，干扰项干扰不大，cheerful和happy都有“高兴的”的意思，是近义词，其他选项都是常用词汇，和答案意义差异大，最佳答案是A。

3、We\'ve?seen?a?marked?shift?in?our?approach?to?the?social?i ssues.【单选题】A.regularB.greatC.clearD.quick正确答案:C答案解析:题干大意：我们看到我们对社会问题的态度发生了明显的转变。

句中marked意为“显著的，明显的”，例如：What?is?your?most?marked?characteristic?（你最显著的特点是什么？）四个选项中，clear意为“清晰的、明显的”；regular 意为“定期的、整齐的”；great意为“伟大的”；quick意为“快速的”。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-511、Intellectual DisabilityPeople with intellectual disability form one of the largest single disability groups in a community. Intellectual disability refers to a general slowness to learn and function within society, and the identification of intellectual disability is usually based on an assessment of a person's performance in a variety of tests. An individual's level of performance, as assessed, can change with time and circumstances. With skilled training and opportunity for development, people with intellectual disability have much greater potential for acquiring skills and for participation in community life than previously had been thought possible.In many western societies, five categories of intellectual disability have traditionally been used in order to indicate the perceived degree of difficulty an individual has with learning. All five may occur in either children, adolescent or adult, and show as mild, moderate, severe, profound or multiple intellectual disability.For the majority of intellectual disabilities, there is noidentifiable cause but there are some causes that are well documented. They include: brain damage at birth due to lack of oxygen—prolonged labor during childbirth; brain damage before birth due to factors such as rubella (风疹), drug or diet-related problems; damage after birth due to illnesses such as encephalitis(脑膜炎) or accident; hereditary defects in the genes; abnormal chromosome count resulting in, for example, Down Syndrome(唐氏综合症).Like everyone else, people with an intellectual disability need a rewarding job, a satisfying place to live and a good social life. But they may need extra support to achieve these things. Good support services are based on the principle of normalization—which means enabling people to be part of the community like everyone else,With the introduction of the intellectually disabled into communities, there is a need to promote awareness of communication. Although many people may have little experience in talking with an intellectually disabled person, there are common guidelines that can simplify the interaction. Firstly, it is useful to remember that people with disabilities have feelings. Speaking in the same friendly manner as you would to anyone else is also recommended. Being prepared to wait a little longer for replies during a conversation with anintellectually disabled person would undoubtedly benefit the exchange.Five categories of intellectual disability have traditionally been used to____.【单选题】A.assess the degree of difficulty an individual has with learningB.illnesses such as encephalitis or accidentC.they also have feelingsD.an assessment of a person's performance in a variety of testsE.factors such as rubella, drug or diet-related problemsF.benefit the exchange正确答案:A答案解析:根据题干线索词Five categories定位原文至第二段第一句“five categories of intellectual disability have traditionally been used in order to indicate the perceived degree of difficulty an individual has with learning”，由此推断，句中画线部分即为所需添加成分。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-991、Blasts from the Past1 Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon they released wiped out life with greater ease.2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300. million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.3 Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.4 The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in. Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe, Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide, The global warming that followed wiped out 8 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years far tire planet to recover.5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global-warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years, "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid.6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of C02 Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of C02 absorbed from the atmosphere.7 Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they fasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years.8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide emissions.Older eruptions were more devastating____.【单选题】A.than more recent onesB.the killing efficiency for older eruptionsC.has remained controversialD.Wignall's calculations as acceptableE.has been mown to us allF.his ideas正确答案:A答案解析:more recent ones较后来的火山爆发。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-201、Parkinson's Disease1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson's, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3 Tremor may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. More importantly, not everyone with a tremor has Parkinson's disease. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when youare awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation. In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills (dementia).4 At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You 'may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.Paragraph 4____【单选题】A.Tips for Patients with the Diseasemon Treatment for the DiseaseC.Means of Diagnosis of the DiseaseD.Typical Symptoms of the DiseaseE.Possible Causes of the DiseaseF.Definition of Parkinson's Disease正确答案:B答案解析:第四段的大意即：如何治疗帕金森症？因此选B。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-981、Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky. When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to. Children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy. Most student leaders don't want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about, said 22-year-old University of Florida student Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathon's operations officer for two years.Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin, conducted a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining.At large universities like Fangmeyer's, which has more than 40,000 students, the students, first of all, want to find a way to "belong in their own comer of campus".Katie Rowley, a Wisconsin senior, confirms the survey's findings. "I wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus but also find a group of friends. "All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean that students aren't thinking about their resumes. "I think that a lot of people do join to 'fatten up their resume'," said Heitner. "At the beginning of my college career, I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadership roles. " But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come. For example, in April, several student organizations at Wisconsin teamed up for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather, and dealing with the university's complicated bureaucracy. "Outside-of the classroom learning really makes a big difference," Fangmeyer said.American students join campus organizations mostly for ____.【单选题】A.making a differenceB.gaining experienceC.building friendshipD.improving their resumes正确答案:C答案解析:答案可以从第三段找到。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1501、College Night Owls Have Lower GradesCollege students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls(晚睡的人), according to University of North Texas researchers.They had 824 undergraduate(大学本科生的) students complete a health survey that in cluded questions about sleep habits and daytime functioning, and found that students who are morning people had higher grade point averages(GPAs) than those who are night people."The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding, sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future, along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep," study co - author Daniet J. Taylor said in a prepared statement. "Further, these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using chronotherapy (时间疗法) to help students retrain their biological clock to become more morning types," Taylor said.The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP, the annual meeting of the Associated Professional (专业的) Sleep Societies, in Baltimore.In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting, University of Colorado researchers found a significant association between insomnia (失眠) and a decline in college students' academic performance.The study included 64 psychology, nursing and medical students, average age 27. 4 years, who were divided into two groups—low GPAs and high GPAs.Among those with low GPAs,69.7 percent had trouble falling asleep,53.1 percent experienced leg kicks or twitches (痉挛) at night, 65.6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep, and 72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day."In college students, the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom," study author Dr. James F. Pagel said in a prepared statement. "This study showed thatdisordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student's academic performance, including GPAs."The passage indicates that chronotherapy can be used to help people to ______. 【单选题】A.forget their troublesB.improve their imageC.better their social relationshipsD.readjust their biological clock正确答案:D答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显，答案依据是文章第四段，谈到通过时间疗法可以帮助学生重新调整生物钟，变成早起型，回来看选项，D项和原文句意相符，是答案。

2013‎‎试(卫生类A)‎析第1部分：词汇选项1．【 】A【题 】 生 ‎‎原则。

A．主要 ，基 B．道德 ，精神 C．定期 ，有规 D．硬 ，艰难【 析】 查形容词。

划线词car‎d inal‎为“基 ，主要 ”， funda‎mental‎。

为‎A。

【 点延伸】表示“ ，基 ”词还有bas‎ic(基 ，基础 )，radica‎l( ，激进 )，prime(主要 ，首要 )2．【 】B【题 】 ‎‎。

A．拒绝，排斥B．支持， C．使服从， 交D． 虑，认为【 析】 查动词。

划线词end‎o rse 为‎“签署， ，认可”， appro‎v e为 词‎，‎为B。

【 点延伸】表示“ ” 词还有co‎n sent( ，)，suppor‎t(支持，)，sancti ‎o n(认可，支持；制裁，处罚)，agree( ， )3．【 】D【题 】 ‎ 持‎怀疑态度。

A．未受影响 ，未改变 B．必然 ，无疑 ， 定 C．沉默 ，寂静 D．怀疑 ，不 定【 析】 查形容词。

划线词ske‎p tical‎为“怀疑 ”， doubt‎f ul为 ‎词， 为‎D。

【 点延伸】-ful表示形‎容词，如doubt‎f ul(怀疑 )，succes‎s ful( 功 )，hopefu‎l(有希望 )4．【 】D【题 】 ‎ 绝 ， 为 ‎ 受 ‎。

A．死 ，变 死 B．经过，逝去C．运走，带走D． 绝，绝【 析】 查短 。

划线词die‎out 为“ 绝，消失”，becom‎e extinc‎t为 词， 为D。

【 点延伸】die off(相继死去)，die of／from(死于)，die away(减弱，消失)【题 】 期 ‎交 ‎很简单。

A．可靠 ，可信 B．有效 ，起作 C．简单 D．选择性 ，交替【 析】 查形容词。

划线词pri‎m itive‎为“原始 ，简单 ，粗糙 ”， simpl‎e为 词， ‎为C。

【 点延伸】-able表示‎形容词，如relia‎b le(可信 ，可靠 )，depend‎a ble(可依靠 )；-tive表示‎形容词，如effec‎t i ve(有效 )，active‎(积极 )6．【 】D【题 】 ‎选 ‎冠军。

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-491、Computer crimesMore and more, the operations of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected but it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly badluck.For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.It is implied in the third paragraph that ____.【单选题】A.many more computer crimes go undetected than arediscoveredB.the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problemC.most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimesD.most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck正确答案:A答案解析:文章的第三段指出，“究竟有多少计算机犯罪，我们没有确切的统计数字，令人不安的是很多计算机犯罪是偶然中被发现的，而不是系统的检查或者通过其他安全防范措施而发现的。

职称英语考试《卫生类》历年真题精选及答案0514-231、ExerciseWhether or not exercise adds to the length of life, it is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exercise which involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial.How much and what kind of exercise one should take merits careful consideration. The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the point of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with those of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is of vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question hard to answer. Individual variability is too great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The safe limit for exercise ____ on the condition of the heart, the condition ofthe muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will serve as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be determined periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The other is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion. What type of exercise one should choose depends upon one's physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do bet ter to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate in throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.【单选题】A.dependsB.basesC.actsD.carries正确答案:A答案解析:虽然这四个选项都可以与on搭配(depend?on:依靠；act?on：按照……行动；carry?on：根据……)，但base是及物动词，base?sth.on，只有A符合文意。