高中英语动名词知识点
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高中英语语法系列动名词I .概说动名词( v + ing )是动词的另一种非谓语形式。
它在句中起名词作用,可单独或构成动名词短语在句中作主语( 1 ) , 表语( 2 ) ,定语(3)或宾语(4):(1)Writing headlines in English is not an easy job .(2)My job is teaching English .(3)He is preparing the opening speech.(4)I enjoy learning about new things.II.功能A .主语(5)Talking mends no holes .(6 ) Smoking may cause cancer .也可以在下列结构中作主语:( 6 ) It’s no use sending him over . It’s too late .( 7 ) It’s no good smoking .( 8 ) It’s a waste of time doing it .B . 表语( 9 ) The only thing that interests her is dancing .( 10 ) Seeing is believing . (= To see is to believe .)动名词和不定式都可以作主语和表语。
一般说来,在表示具体行为时,多用不定式;表示一般行为时,多用动名词。
有时两者可以互用。
( 11 ) Smoking is banned here .cf . It isn’t good for you to smoke so much .( 12 ) Their job is building houses .cf . Our task now is to finish our homework .C . 定语( 13 ) a swimming pool ; a walking stick ; a dining roomD . 宾语( 14 ) I enjoy working here very much .下面动词只能接动名词作宾语:mind , miss , enjoy , escape , excuse , imagine , practise , postpone , suggest , consider , admit , avoid , advise , allow , require , finish 等。
高中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式与动名词动词的不定式与动名词是英语中重要的语法知识点,具有广泛的用途。
在高中英语学习中,学生需要熟练掌握不定式和动名词的形式、用法以及常见的搭配。
本文将对动词的不定式与动名词的相关知识进行归纳总结,并给出一些常见的例句和实际运用场景。
一、动词的不定式不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,通常由“to + 动词原形”构成。
不定式在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
1. 不定式作主语不定式作主语时,常常位于句首,用来指代具体的行为、想法或概念。
例句:- To learn a foreign language is not easy.(学习一门外语并不容易。
)- To avoid traffic jam, we decided to take the subway.(为了避免交通堵塞,我们决定乘地铁。
)2. 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语时,常常跟在某些动词(如want, hope, plan, decide等)后面,表示将要发生的动作。
例句:- She wants to be a doctor in the future.(她将来想成为一名医生。
)- We have decided to visit the Great Wall next week.(我们决定下周去参观长城。
)3. 不定式作表语不定式作表语时,常常跟在be动词(如is, am, are, was, were等)后面,表示主语的身份、职业或角色。
例句:- His dream is to become a famous writer.(他的梦想是成为一名著名的作家。
)- Their job is to teach English to international students.(他们的工作是教国际学生英语。
)4. 不定式作定语不定式作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后,用来修饰它们。
例句:- I have a book to read this weekend.(这个周末我有一本书要读。
高中动名词的用法什么是动名词?动名词是一种特殊的名词形式,它可以表示动作或状态。
动名词通常以“-ing”结尾,例如“running”、“swimming”等。
在高中英语中,动名词的用法非常常见。
动名词的主要用法作主语动名词可以作为句子的主语,用来强调或描述一个动作或状态。
例如:- Running is good for your health.(跑步对健康有益。
)Running is good for your health.(跑步对健康有益。
)- Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
)Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
)作宾语动名词也可以作为及物动词的宾语,接在动词后面。
例如:- I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书。
)reading books.(我喜欢读书。
)- He suggested going to the park.(他建议去公园。
)going to the park.(他建议去公园。
)作介词宾语动名词可以作为介词的宾语,说明介词所表示的动作。
例如:- She is good at dancing.(她擅长跳舞。
)dancing.(她擅长跳舞。
)- They are interested in playing chess.(他们对下棋感兴趣。
)playing chess.(他们对下棋感兴趣。
)作定语动名词也可以作为名词的定语,修饰名词。
例如:- I bought a running shoe.(我买了一双跑鞋。
)running shoe.(我买了一双跑鞋。
)- The swimming pool is closed for repairs.(游泳池因维修而关闭。
)swimming pool is closed for repairs.(游泳池因维修而关闭。
)注意事项在使用动名词时,还需要注意以下几点:- 如果动名词作为及物动词的宾语,可以带宾语补足语(即动名词后面可以接名词或代词)。
高考非谓语动词专题--动名词(本资料在讲完动词不定式后的专题讲解)一.动名词定义:动名词是非限定动词(也称非谓语动词)的一种形式,由动词原形+ing构成。
它既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,可以带宾语或受状语的修饰。
动名词加宾语或状语构成动名词短语。
I went to the party without being invited。
He was praised for having finished the work。
I don't mind being left at home。
Leave sb at home留某人在家1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作或者是抽象的概念,I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。
Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。
2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
如:I don’t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。
Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help.3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者,动名词用被动语态。
(1)它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,或在其前发生。
如:I don’t like being laughe d at in public.(2)它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
如:I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。
(3)在某些动词,我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式。
Excuse me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。
I don’t remember ever meeting somewhere. 我记不得原来在什么地方见过。
高中英语语法之动名词一、含义动名词兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。
基本形式为v-ing, 动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
动名词有时态和语态的变化。
动名词的时态和语态的基本形式:(以write为例)注意:动名词的否定形式是:not writing二、动名词的基本用法1.用作主语---常表抽象,或者泛指习惯性的动作。
Smoking is bad for your health.Playing with fire is dangerous.Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。
Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。
注意:①不定式也可以做主语。
不定式与动名词作主语的区别:不定式作主语时经常表示具体的、一次性.......动作,而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作或习惯性动作。
Getting up early is a good habit.To get up early this morning made me sleepy.②动名词作主语,有时用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。
It is no use/ good doing...(做。
没有用);It is fun doing... (做。
很有趣);It is a waste of time doing... (做。
是浪费时间) 等句型中。
例如:It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收)It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.说服这样一个人加入我们当中来是浪费时间。
2. 作宾语①作某些及物动词的宾语常见的动词有:advise,avoid,delay,escape,excuse,enjoy,consider,finish,deny,fancy,keep,mind(在乎)postpone,pardon,practise,suggest,imagine等。
动名词1 构成与特点动名词与现在分词同形,均由动词原形+ing构成。
动名词具有名词的特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
同时,动名词仍保留着动词的一些特征,可以带宾语和状语,并有完成式和被动语态。
1)动名词的否定式动名词的否定式由“not+动名词”构成。
He was criticized for not coming to class.他因没有来上课而受到批评。
She made her father angry by not taking his advice.她没有采纳她父亲的意见,使她父亲很生气。
He was scolded for not telling the truth.他因没说真话而挨了骂。
2)动名词的一般式动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或之前发生,有时则表示一般性动作。
He loves talking with people.他喜欢跟人聊天。
(一般性)He is proud of being rich.他以富有为荣。
(同时)She is looking forward to seeing you again.她盼望着再次见到你。
(之后) I am confident of winning the match.我有信心赢得这场比赛。
(之后) Thank you for giving me so much help.谢谢你给我这么大的帮助。
(之前)3)动名词的完成式动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
I'm not aware of having done wrong.我不知道自己做错了。
He denied having taken the money.他否认拿了钱。
He prided himself on having done good work.他以工作出色而感到自豪。
He was given a medal for having done excellent work.他因工作出色而获得了一枚奖章。
高中英语非谓语动词精讲精练—动名词定义:动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。
它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。
动名词有时态和语态的变化。
解释:动词的ing形式如果是名词,这个词称动名词。
特征:动词原形+ing构成,具有名词,动词一些特征一、动名词的作用:动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
二、动名词的时态和语态:1.动名词作主语Learning without practice is no good. 学而不实践是没好处的。
Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以发展肌肉。
Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.在这种条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
Breathing became difficult at that altitude. 在那个海拔高度呼吸变得很困难。
Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.读书当然是学习,然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。
动名词作主语时,通常为了避免主语过于冗长,常用it 作形式主语。
如:①It’s +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing…It’s no good reading in dim light.It’s no use sitting here waiting.It’s no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。
②It’s+形容词+doingIt’s dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light.用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。
动名词《语法讲解》一、动名词的句法功能动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
(一)、作主语1)直接位于句首做主语。
Read ing is an art.读书是一种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。
〖注意〗:动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数2)用it作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。
这种用法在习惯句型中常用,常用句型:It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a plessure … + v.i ng〖注意〗:important, essential necessary等形容词后面不用动名词(常用不定式)。
3)动名词的复合结构作主语当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格,构成动名词的复合结构。
动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。
例如:Their coming to help was a great en courageme nt to us.他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。
Lao Li ' s going there won ' t be of mu老李去去不会有多大帮助。
(二)、作宾语(1)作动词的宾语*某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。
常见的此类动词有: advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, con sider, enjoy, fini sh, cannot help, imagi ne. in elude, keep, keep on. mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postp one推迟),deny(否认),appreciate 欣赏,感激),escape, excuse, pardon, can d,'pustaf) give up 等。
The GerundSeeing (see) is believing.Having solved (solve) this difficult question made her very happy.Being invited (invite) to the party is a great honor.Having been defeated (defeat) by such a weak team made the players very upset.1. 定义:动名词是英语动词的一种非谓语形式。
动名词的构成:动词加上ing 构成。
顾名思义,动名词有双重功能。
它既有名词的特点---可作句子的主语,动词和介词的宾语;也有动词的特点---可以有自己的宾语和状语。
First, exchange a “Hello” or “Hi” with the foreigner, but at the same time, pay close attention and see if he feels like chatting.That’s the cue for you to stop moving on.Making small talk can be one of life’s pleasures.2. 动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语。
1) 作主语①直接位于句首做主语。
. _____D_____ clean is a safeguard against disease.A. To be keepingB. KeptC. KeepD. Keeping读书是一种艺术。
Reading is an art.爬山是真有趣。
Climbing mountains is really fun.②动名词作主语,除了放在句首,有时先用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。
这种用法在习惯句型中常用。
如:It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。
It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。
注:动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。
在意义上相近。
但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。
比较:Smoking is not good for health.It is not good for you to smoke so much.2)作宾语Some foods are eaten without ______B______.A. well absorbingB. being well absorbedC. absorbingD. well absorbed①作动词的宾语某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。
常见的此类动词有:admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, celebrate, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, delay, deny, escape, excuse, forgive, involve, mention, pardon, postpone, risk, practise, resist, suggest等。
They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续走,说个不停。
I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事②作介词的宾语如:be/get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to,object to,lead to,be committed to,等。
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?我们休息呢还是开始干活?在一些固定句型中,动名词作介词宾语,其中介词有时可以省掉。
常用结构有: have trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth.; prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.;spend (waste) time (in) doing sth. ;如: Do you have any trouble (in) finding the post office?注:be + adj.+ doing. 的习惯用法。
这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
The music i s well worth listening to more than once.我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.3)作表语你的任务就是擦窗户。
Your task is cleaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.)表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。
我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)4) 作定语洗衣机a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。
(辨析:现在分词作定语)如:✧ a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking✧ a walking dictionary=a dictionary that is walking (活字典)➢ a swimming pool=a pool for swimming=a pool which is used for swimming ➢ a swimming girl=a girl that is swimming3. 动名词的时态、语态、主谓一致以及否定式当动名词作主语时,谓语动词一定要用单数。
Helping the poor is a good deed.其否定形式是在doing前加上not.4. 动名词的逻辑主语________ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president will attendB. The president to attendC. The preside nt attendedD. The president’s attending(D)当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格,这便构成了动名词的复合结构,其可作主语、宾语、表语等。
如:Her coming to help encouraged all of us.他来帮忙鼓舞了我。
Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble.简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。
What’s troubling them is their not having enough food.烦扰他们的是食物不足。
在口语中,如果动名词复合结构作宾语,其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替,但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。
如:Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗?The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。
Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了,使她妈妈很着急。
His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。
5. 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可如:remember, forget, try, stop, go on, mean,但意义截然不同。
remember to do/doing:①I remember to post the letters.(指将要做的动作)②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我记得做过这个动作)forget与remember的用法类似。
regret的用法:①I regret to inform you that…(我很遗憾地通知你……)②I regretted having left the firm.(后悔离开了公司。
)try to(努力)与try +–ing(尝试):①You really must try to overcome your shyness.②Try practicing five hours a day.。