非谓语动词在高中英语中，非谓语动词包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)三种形式，它们有不少共同特点：①在句子中不能充当谓语，不受主语人称和数的限制；②保留部分动词特性：可以后接宾语，可用副词修饰；③否定形式，都是在其前面加上not/never等否定词；④表示的动作，如果明显发生的谓语动词表示的动作之前（或者强调先后），要求用完成时态形式;⑤都不能作地点状语，只有动词不定式可以作目的状语；⑥没有主语，其表示动作的执行者叫作“逻辑性主语”（主动语态时），有时表示动作的承受者（被动语态时）非谓语动词可充当句子的很多成分，并且有时态和语态的变化如下：II动词ing形式的要点一. 动名词的时态和语态1.动名词的时态用法：1）一般式当动名词表示的动作正好与谓动同时发生或晚于谓动发生时，用一般式；e.g. ① He enjoys listening to music.② They are looking forward to visiting the science museum.2）完成式当动名词表示的动作明显早于谓动发生或强调动作的先后时，用完成式；e.g. ① She regretted having broken the law at that time.② They couldn`t remember having helped you with handwriting.2.动名词的被动语态用法：1）当动名词的逻辑性主语正好是其表示动作的承受者时，一般用被动；e.g. ① The president tried to avoid being questioned by the reporters.② The little boy remembered being given some sweets for his good deeds. ※为了避免太过累赘，常用一般被动式替代完成被动式；2）动名词的主动式表被动意义的用法：在want, need, require,(物作主语时) be worth, be busy等词后，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义；e.g. ① These desks want painting this afternoon.= These desks want to be painted this afternoon.② There are lot of places worth visiting in this city.3.逻辑性主语：动名词的逻辑性主语通常用(形容词性)物主代词或名词所有格来充当，但当其为无生命体、抽象名词或不定代词时，则常用普通格形式；e.g. ① Do you mind my smoking here?② I remember Lucy`s coming to Hangzhou for the first time.③ They are looking forward to the lesson coming to an end early.二．动名词的功能1. 动名词作主语：动名词作主语，强调一般普遍性或抽象性动作，而不定式强调个别或某次具体的动作！e.g. ① Reading aloud is important in learning a language.② Playing football is my favorite sport.※常有一些句型，动名词短语放在后面，仍然作真正的主语：1）句型一： It is + adj. /n. + doing其中it为形式主语，动名词短语才是真正的主语，适用的名词或形容词还有：no use/good, a waste of time, a pity, a good pleasure, time, useless, foolish, crazy, funny, interesting, worthwhile, nice, terrible, etc.e.g. ① It is no use crying over the spilt time.② It is great fun playing with the big big wolf.③It nice working with you.2)句型二：There is no + doing相当于句型：It is impossible to do sth……e.g. ① There is no joking on this matter.② There is no saying what may happen tomorrow.2. 动名词作宾语：1）主语+ 谓语+ doinge.g. ① When we got home, mum had finished cooking the supper yesterday.② Can you imagine floating on the sea for thirty days?※※要求只接动名词作宾语的动词还有：permit, admit, allow, forbid, ban, finish, complete, appreciate, avoid, bear, celebrate, delay, enjoy, escape, explain, include, keep, forgive, mention, practice, prevent, resist, suggest, postpone(推迟),consider(考虑), can`t help(禁不住), insist on, depend on， mean(打算), try(尝试) etc.2）句型结构：i). do＋限定词(my, some, any, the等)＋doing，表示“做……事”之意do some cleaning打扫卫生 do some shopping购物e.g. ① She likes doing some shopping on the weekend.ii). 用在worth, busy等形容词后面作宾语, 相当于固定搭配：e.g. ① This book is well worth reading.② The students are busy preparing for the final examination.iii). 主语 + have trouble/difficulty/a problem/a good time (in) doing 有困难/开心做…e.g. ① They had great difficulty finding the hotel.② He had a great time playing with the little dog.iv). 主语 + spend + time/money + doing 花时间或金钱做…e.g. ① They spent a lot of money collecting all the stamps.②The students always spend much time preparing for the final examination.v). 主语 + lose no time (in) + doing 立即做…e.g. ① They lost no time telling the teacher the good news.② The boy lost no time eating the nice delicious food as he was hungry too long.※在介词之后，通常用动名词作宾语，这是一个绝对概念；3）形式宾语用it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语则用动名词短语放在宾补之后；主语 + think/consider/find/feel like + it + useless/no use/no good + doinge.g. ① They found it useless explaining it to the big man.② The boy considered it no good arguing with his manager then.3 动名词作表语：动名词作表语, 表示对主语的解释说明, 可以和主语互换位置而整句意义不变；e.g. ① Her job is washing and cooking.② His favorite sport is playing basketball.4动名词作定语：动名词作定语, 表示被修饰词的功能用途, 使用范围等；e.g. ① This is a nice washing machine.② He has bought a new writing table.※动名词所修饰的名词（短语）不能充当其逻辑主语；。
