2011年重庆大学硕士研究生入学考试试题

重庆大学硕士研究生《英语 》课程试卷2011 ~2012 学年 第 一 学期（春、秋）开课学院： 课程编号： 考试日期：考试方式：开卷闭卷 其他 考试时间： 120 分钟硕士生B 类答题纸 英语班次：_______________ Answer Sheet Part I. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, 2 point each ) 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10. () 11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( ) 16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( ) 19. ( ) 20. ( ) Part II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )封线 密Part IV. Writing ( 20 points)(请写在背面，Please write your composition on the reverse side.)重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷2011 ~2012 学年第一学期硕士生B类Part I: Reading Comprehension 40%Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneIf you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the –job training.That’s especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor’s degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salariesranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education couples with work experience.But in the long run, too much specialization doesn’t pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.As further evidence of the erosion (销蚀) of corporate (公司的) faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State’s Schertz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices. Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle-and upper-level management. “They want someone who isn’t constrained (限制) by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,” says Schertz.This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Them and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems. David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or and engineering degree. “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing thing,” says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior-plus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize. “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,” says Schertz.1. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?A. Students with a bachelor’s degree in humanities.B. People with an MBA degree from top universities.C. People with formal schooling plus work experience.D. People with special training in engineering.2. By saying “…but the impact of a degree washes out after five years”(Line 3, Para. 3), the authormeans .A. most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundationB. an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positionsC. MBA programs will not be as popular in five years’ time as they are nowD. in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got3. According to Schertz’s statement (Lines 3~4, Para. 4), companies prefer .A. people who have a strategic mindB. people who are talented in fine artsC. people who are ambitious and aggressiveD. people who have received training in mechanics4. David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because .A. they are more capable of handling changing situationsB. they and stick to established ways of solving problemsC. they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fieldsD. they have attended special programs in management5. Which of the following statements does the author support?A. Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.B. Formal schooling is less important than job training.C. On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.D. Generalists will outdo specialists in management.Passage TwoWith fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything which goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.Another new project is being setup to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this：First, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed；then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids；after that founders and rollers will break up everything that can be broken. Finally, the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel；the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.The first full-scale giant recycling plants are perhaps fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.6. The phrase “should be well on with...”（Para. 1）most probably means _______.A. have completed what was startedB. get ready to startC. have achieved a great deal inD. put an end to7. What is NOT mentioned as a part of the recycling process described in paragraph 3？A. Breaking up whatever is breakable.B. Sharpening metal bars.C. Separating light elements from the heavy ones.D. Sorting out small pieces of metal.8. What’s the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants？A. To deal with wastes in a better way.B. To protect the environment from pollution.C. To get raw materials locally.D. To get big profits from those plants.9. The first full-scale huge recycling plants _______.A. began to operate fifteen years agoB. will probably take less than fifteen years to buildC. will be built fifteen years laterD. will probably be in operation in fifteen years10. The passage is mainly about _______.A. a cheap way to get energyB. the location of recycling plantsC. new ways of recycling wastesD. the probability of city environmentPassage ThreeIn some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence –as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. ‘Talk, talk, talk,’ the advocates of violence say, ‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’ It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. ‘Possible, my lord,’ the barrister replied, ‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’ Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.11. What is the best title for this passage?A. Advocating Violence.B. Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C. Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D. The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.12. Recorded history has taught us _______________.A. violence never solves anything.B. nothing.C. the bloodshed means nothing.D. everything.13. It can be inferred that truly reasonable men __________.A. can’t get a hearing.B. are looked down upon.C. are persecuted.D. have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.14. “He was none the wiser” meansA. he was not at all wise in listening.B. H e was not at all wiser than nothing before.C. H e gains nothing after listening.D. H e makes no sense of the argument.15. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice isA. law enforcement.B. knowledge.C. nonviolence.D. Mopping up the violent mess.Passage FourFor a long time, researchers have tried to nail down just what shapes us --- or what, at least, shapes us most. And over the years, they've had a lot of exclamation moments. First it was our parents, particularly our mothers. Then it was our genes. Next it was our peers, who show up last but hold great sway. And all those ideas were good ones --- but only as far as they went.Somewhere, there was a sort of temperamental dark matter exerting an invisible gravitational pull of its own. More and more, scientists are concluding that this unexplained force is our siblings.From the time we are born, our brothers and sisters are our collaborators and co-conspirators, our role models and cautionary tales. They are our scolds, protectors, goads, tormentors, playmates, counselors, sources of envy, objects of pride. They teach us how to resolve conflicts and how not to; how to conduct friendships and when to walk away from them. Sisters teach brothers about the mysteries of girls; brothers teach sisters about the puzzle of boys. Our spouses arrive comparatively late in our lives; our parents eventually leave us. Our siblings may be the only people we'll ever know who truly qualify as partners for life. "Siblings," says family sociologist Katherine Conger, "are with us for the whole journey."Within the scientific community, siblings have not been wholly ignored, but research has been limited mostly to discussions of birth order．Older sibs were said to be strivers；younger ones rebels；middle kids the lost souls．The stereotypes were broad，if not entirely untrue，and there the discussion mostly ended．But all that’s changing．At research centers in the U．S．，Canada，Europe and elsewhere，investigators are launching a wealth of new studies into the sibling dynamic，looking at ways brothers and sisters steer one another int0—or away from--risky behavior how they form a protective buffer(减震器)against family upheaval；how they educate one another about the opposite sex；how all siblings compete for family recognition and come to terms--or blows--over such impossibly charged issues as parental favoritism．From that research，scientists are gaining intriguing insights into the people we become as adults．Does the manager who runs a harmonious office call on the peacemaking skills learned in the family playroom? Does the student struggling with a professor who plays favorites summon up the coping skills acquired from dealing with a sister who was Daddy’s girl? Do husbands and wives benefit from the inter—gender negotiations they waged when their most important partners were their sisters and brothers? All that is underinvestigation．“Siblings have just been off the radar screen until now，”says Conger．But today serious work is revealing exactly how our brothers and sisters influence us．16．The beginning of the passage indicates thatA．researchers have found out what shapes us．B．our peer is the last factor influencing us．C．what researchers found is good and trustworthy．D．what researchers found contributes in a limited way．17．In the third paragraph, the author tries to demonstrate that our siblingsA．offer us much useful information．B．have great influences on us．C．are the ones who love us completely．D．accompany us throughout our life．18．In scientific community, previous research on siblingsA．mostly focused on the sibling order．B．studied the characteristics of the kids．C．studied the matter in a broad sense．D．wasn’t believable and the discussion ended．19．Which of the following is NOT sibling dynamic?A．A brother cautions his sister against getting into trouble．B．Sisters have quarrels with each other．C．Siblings compete for parental favoritism．D．Older kids in a family try hard to achieve．20．From the last paragraph，we can conclude thatA．managers learned management skills from the family playroom．B．spouses learned negotiation skills from their siblings．C．studies on siblings are under the way。

重庆大学硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：管理学（含会计学原理）一、单项选择题（每题2分，共24分）请把你认为正确的答案编号填入题号前的小括号内（）1、管理是一种社会文化现象，它的存在必须具备两个必要条件。

A．集体活动和管理者B．集体活动和目标C．目标、机构、资源、信息D．目标和管理者（）2、以下哪一点是属于“权变管理理论”的最大特点？A．重视人的因素B．力求决策中减少个人艺术成份C．根据不同的具体条件，采取相应的组织结构、领导方式等D．通过提高工人的“士气”，从而达到提高效率的目的。

（）3、目标管理的宗旨在于A．用“自我控制的管理”代替“压制性的管理”B．用“民主式的管理”代替“独裁式的管理”C．用“参与式的管理”代替“压制性的管理”D．用“自我控制的管理”代替“独裁式的管理”（）4、以下哪一点是主管人员的选聘过程中应遵循的原理A．公开竞争原理和用人之长原理B．用人之长原理和德才兼备原理C．德才兼备原理和公开竞争原理D．用人之长原理和知人善任原理（）5、管理层次产生的主要原因是A．职能分工的需要B．管理宽度的限制C．权责明确的需要D．部门划分的需要（）6、指挥与领导工作的实质A．明确职责和职权B．科学决策C．全理用人D．施加影响处理人际关系（）7、权变理论的提出的假设是A．经济人B．社会人C．复杂人D．自我实现人（）8、以下哪一点不是有效激励的要求A．坚持物质利益原则B．授予权力C．随机制宜，创造激励条件D．坚持按劳分配原则（）9、容易导致“隧道视野”的部门划分方法是A．按产品划分B．按职能划分C．按地区划分D．按时间划分（）10、利克特的管理模式认为，极有成就的领导者采用的管理方法是A．利用——命令式B．温和——命令式C．商议式D．集体参与（）11、组织的最高决策层，由于工作复杂多变，其管理宽度A．宜宽些B．宽窄没关系C．宜随机安排D．宜窄些（）12、科学管理的中心问题是A．制定工作标准B．提高效率C．科学培训工人D．提高收入二、判断题（每题1分，共10分）请在你认为正确的题号前括号内打“√”，错误的题号前括号内打“×”（）1、管理的核心是领导方式问题。

一、（8分）已知311121210A -⎛⎫ ⎪=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，求11,,,,,()m F m A A A A A A ρ∞∞。

解：1112,96,5m Fm A AA A A ∞∞===== （5分）因为 ()()221--=-λλλA I ，2,1321===λλλ , 故2m ax )(==i iA λρ. （3分）二、（15分）在4R 中有两组基，基(I)1234,,,αααα，基(II)1234,,,ββββ满足：1232341232342222ααβααβββαββα+=⎧⎪+=⎪⎨+=⎪⎪+=⎩ 求 （1）由基(I)到基(II)的过渡矩阵；（2）向量12342αββββ=-++在基1234,,,αααα之下的坐标； （3）判断是否存在非零元素4R α∈在两组基下有相同坐标。

解： （1）由已知关系式求得⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧+=+=+--=-++=3242134212432112242284ααβααβαααβααααβ于是，由基（I ）到基（II ）的过渡矩阵为⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡---=0012200112480124C （5分）（2）α在基（II ）下的坐标为（2，-1，1，1）T ，再由坐标变换公式计算α在基（I ）下的坐标为C （2，-1，1，1）T=（11，23，4，-5）T. （5分）（3）由()()11221123412343344,,,,,,C ξξξξαααααββββξξξξ-⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪== ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，知若存在非零元素4R α∈在两组基下有相同坐标则112213344C ξξξξξξξξ-⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，进而有()12340C E ξξξξ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪-= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭不难计算得det （C-E ）=0，方程组有非零解，即存在非零α4R ∈，使得α在基（I ）和基（II ）下有相同的坐标. （5分）三、（10分）定义在由数域上次数不超过2的多项式构成的线性空间2[]K x ,对任意的[]2(),()f x g x K x ∈,定义()11(),()()()f x g x f x g x dx -=⎰.证明： (1)()(),()f x g x 构成(),()f x g x 的内积,从而2[]K x 对这个内积构成欧氏空间.（2）把基21,,x x 化为标准正交基。

ad if命封线密A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom.B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe.C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely.D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable.5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners.B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.C. To examine the trend of young people living alone.D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.Passage TwoAmerican dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times.The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was.“There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institut e for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events.Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development.A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels.Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce.The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies.“The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined.American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs.6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows?A. Self-contradictoryB. Prejudice-freeC. Culture-loadedD. Audience-targeted7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ .A. the patenting of domination shows and moviesB. the emergence of new commercial networksC. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-televisionD. the intense competition coming from the outside8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________.A. in need of capitalB. after a fashionC. on second thoughtsD. in the interests of themselves9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____.A. they lose competitivenessB. they are not market-orientedC. they are too much pricedD. they fall short of audience expectations10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________.A. if they have no access to popular showsB. because their endeavors come to no availC. since bidding wars are no longer fierceD. as international sales pace slows downPassage ThreeHow shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.11. freshly baked bread 12. visible level 13. impulse buying14. screen 15. discounts16.No17. Not given18. No 19. Yes 20. YesPart II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)中国房价问题近年来一直是社会热门话题。

目　录2003年重庆大学公共管理学院402经济学原理考研真题2003年重庆大学公共管理学院402经济学原理考研真题及答案2004年重庆大学公共管理学院402经济学原理考研真题2005年重庆大学公共管理学院402经济学原理考研真题2006年重庆大学公共管理学院402经济学原理考研真题2007年重庆大学公共管理学院402经济学原理考研真题2008年重庆大学公共管理学院802经济学原理考研真题2009年重庆大学公共管理学院802经济学原理考研真题2010年重庆大学公共管理学院802经济学原理考研真题2011年重庆大学公共管理学院802经济学原理考研真题（回忆版）2012年重庆大学公共管理学院802经济学原理考研真题2013年重庆大学公共管理学院802经济学原理考研真题2014年重庆大学公共管理学院802经济学原理考研真题2017年重庆大学公共管理学院802经济学原理考研真题（回忆版）2003年重庆大学公共管理学院402经济学原理考研真题考试科11;经济学原理专业；产业姓济弟、人口登环境经济学、区域经济常（。

西方经济学部分共7S分一、不定项选杼曜（每题2分）1.如果需求曲戏是一台统（线性函数），那么这一商品需来的价格弹性（）A.是一个变量B.是一常数C.随需求母别大血增大D.现金持IS.等于12.卜述哪神怡况下.挤出效应比怪大（）A.非充分就业田存在货币的流幼性陷阱C投堡对利息率韵做^携较大D.现金持有率较低E.消翌倾向较高3.消费者剩余是（）A.捎费过剩的商酷B.泊努看得到的总致用C.到的总致用减去支出效用的货币度.虻D.支出的货币效用的剩余li.消费者的心理鹏受4.1999年诺伯尔经济学奖得主（〉获桨论文是u Capital Mobility and Subsidization Policy under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rat os nA.柯斯B.斯蜂斯C.芒何尔D-阿克洛夫巨 E.A I：奇5.卜列选项中II：确的一项是<）《原题有■起漏）A.寸/（Jt）=nkB.s'_f（k}=At+j吠C.G w=as*D.^Y-（rI E Af=—A/j'6.某消费者逐部增加某种商品的消费鼠，直到效用帽大化。

Part I: Reading Comprehension 40%Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Passage OnePsychologists agree that I.Q. contributes only about 20 percent of the factors that determine success. A full 80 percent comes from other factors，including what I call emotional intelligence. Following are two of the major qualities that make up emotional intelligence，and how they can be developed：1. Self-awareness. The ability to recognize a feeling as it happens is the keystone of emotional intelligence. People with greater certainty about their emotions are better pilots of their lives.Developing self-awareness requires tuning in to what neurologist Antonio Damasio calls ―gut feelings‖。

目录Ⅰ历年考研真题试卷 (2)重庆大学2012年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 (2)重庆大学2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 (3)重庆大学2014年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 (4)重庆大学2015年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 (7)重庆大学2017年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（回忆版） (9)Ⅱ历年考研真题试卷答案解析 (10)重庆大学2012年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷答案解析 (10)重庆大学2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷答案解析 (23)重庆大学2014年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷答案解析 (36)重庆大学2015年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷答案解析 (56)Ⅰ历年考研真题试卷重庆大学2012年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷科目代码：633科目名称：文学综合总分：150分特别提醒：所有答题一律写在答题纸上，直接写在试题上的不给分。

一、名词解释（每题5分，共20分）1、《山海经》2、《九歌》3、扬雄四赋4、元嘉三大家二、简答题（每题15分，共75分）1、简述文学史研究的几个层面。

2、简述上古神话的思维特征。

3、简述《史记》对后世的影响。

4、简述魏晋南北朝时期文学自觉的标志。

5、简述曹植诗歌受到后人推崇的原因。

三、论述题（共25分）1、结合具体作品，论述李商隐对唐诗发展的推进。

四、评论题（共30分）在下列几部作品中，请选择其中一部写一篇评论，字数不少于500字。

1、《漱玉词》2、《剑南诗稿》3、《废都》4、《白鹿原》5、《俄狄浦斯王》重庆大学2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷科目代码：633科目名称：文学综合总分：150分特别提醒：所有答题一律写在答题纸上，直接写在试题上的不给分。

一、名词解释（每题5分，共40分）1、互文性2、意图谬误3、超保护原则4、文化唯物主义5、《新青年》6、京派7、《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》8、朦胧诗二、简答题（每题10分，共70分）1、在索绪尔语言学理论中，“能指”和“所指”指的是什么，两者构成了怎样的关系？2、什么是叙述的“聚焦”？3、什么是“述行语”和“述愿语”，两者的关系如何？4、鲁迅笔下的阿Q形象的主要特征是什么？5、“革命文学论争”时各派的主要主张是什么？6、什么是“赵树理方向”？7、什么是“寻根文学”？三、论述题（每题共20分，共40分）1、为什么随着文学研究的兴起，文学经典的地位发生了动摇？试从理论分析和现实状况两个方面加以论述。

1. 什么是汽车的动力性？如何评价汽车的动力性？2. 试画出汽车的驱动轮在硬路面上滚动时的受力图。

3. 根据汽车的车速a u 与发动机转速n 的关系：)00.377a g u rn i i =（其中r 为车轮半径，g i 和0i 分别是变速箱和主减速器传动比），如果汽车装备比原尺寸大的车胎（车轮半径增大），变速器最高挡和主减速器的传动比越小，则汽车的最高车速肯定提高。

这种说法对吗？为什么？4. 试分析汽车的行驶车速、轮胎的结构及气压对滚动阻力系数的影响。

5. 1）产生轮胎滚动阻力的主要原因是什么？解释充气轮胎弹性车轮的“弹性迟滞损失”；2）汽车行驶时发动机的“后备功率”，“负荷率”；3）汽车的制动器制动力分配系数；6. 汽车在硬路面上（如水泥路）和在松软路面（如沙漠）上行驶的滚动阻力产生的主要原因分别是什么？7. 什么是汽车行驶的附着条件？8. 有一土路坡道，下雨天（路较滑）载货汽车（后轮驱动）空车不易上去，满载着则容易上去；拖拉机（前轮驱动）则相反，空车容易上去，满载不易上去。

试利用汽车行驶附着条件解释这一现象。

9. 试画出前轮驱动汽车加速上坡行驶的受力图，并说明图中所用符号的意义。

10. 后轮驱动汽车4挡制动减速下坡时受到哪些行驶阻力和阻力偶矩（若用图来表达请说明图中每个符号的含义）？11. 汽车在5%坡度的良好路面上加速上坡行驶时受到哪些行驶阻力？如何计算（估算）这些阻力？12. 汽车在水平良好的柏油路面上加速高速行驶时受到那些行驶阻力？如何计算（估算）这些阻力？13. 写出汽车行驶方程式。

14. 什么是汽车的驱动力——行驶阻力平衡图？说明驱动力——行驶阻力平衡图的作图方法：画一具有五挡手动变速器的汽车驱动力——行驶阻力平衡图的示意图。

15. 动力因素D 的定义是什么？试画出某具有四档的汽车的动力特性示意图。

16. 在汽车动力性、燃油经济性和制动性道路试验时，要求在水平良好路面上进行，分别说明水平和良好的具体要求是什么？17.汽车燃油经济性的评价指标有哪几个？作简要解释。

重庆大学1998年硕士生入学考试微观经济学含宏观经济学一.选择题(将唯一正确答案号码填入括号,2%×20=40%)1.如果某产品零部件价格上升,将导致该产品( )A.需求曲线左移,均衡价格下降B.需求曲线右移,均衡价格上升C.供给曲线左移,均衡价格上升D.供给曲线右移,均衡价格下降2.能够使厂商通过降价让利扩大销售收入,实现"薄利多销"的产品一般是( )A.农产品及生活必需品B.奢侈品C.低档商品D.所有商品3.需求法则表明,当羊肉价格升高时,会令羊肉( )A.需求程度降低,需求曲线左移B.需求程度升高,需求曲线右移C.需求数量减少,需求曲线不变D.需求数量增加,需求曲线不变4.当商品价格上升时,厂商现期商品供给数量下降,这可能因为( )A.厂商不以利润为目标B.需求曲线移动了C.厂商预计价格会很快下降D.厂商成本上升,导致供给减少5.线性供求函数测定的价格P=0时,Edp=2,Esp=2,Qs=100,Qd=50,则为使供求均衡,价格应为( )A.25/3B.5C.12D.20/36.同一条无异曲线的不同点表示( )A.购买能力相同B.支出水平相同C.对不同消费者具相同效用水平D.不同商品组合对同一消费者效用相同7.如果某商品是吉分品,则当其价格上升时,其他条件不变,该商品( )A.购买增加,因收入效果绝对值大于替代效果绝对值B.购买增加,因收入效果绝对值小于替代效果绝对值C.购买减少,因收入效果绝对值大于替代效果绝对值D.购买减少,因收入效果绝对值小于替代效果绝对值8.某人自己经营一小店,他的劳动( )A.属于生产要素,且具劳动与企业才能双重要素性质B.只可以作为企业才能要素,因为要承担风险C.不属于生产要素,因为没有付报酬,不是经济资源D.可以作为资本要素,因为是自有的9.边际实物报酬递减规律表明,企业生产的增加不可能依赖某一要素的无限追加达到,因为( )A.该要素雇佣过多,会导致要素价格上升,成本急剧增加B.该要素雇佣过多,会出现内在不经济C.固定要素可以配合的可变要素投入是有一定极限的D.以上原因共同形成10.企业短期生产的经济生产阶段为( )A.dAP/dL<0,MP>0B.dAP/dL<0,AP>0C.dMP/dL<0,MP>0D.dMP/dL<0,AP>011.若生产函数为Q=100L0.4K0.6,则L对K的边际技术替代率为( )A.2K/3LB.3K/2LC.2L/3KD.3L/2K12.某在职人员准备脱产攻读硕士学位,每年学费3千元,此人攻读硕士学位的机会成本为( )A.每年3千元学费B.因脱产而损失的薪金及晋升机会等C.每年3千元学费加薪金.晋升机会损失D.每年3千元学费加生活费和薪金.晋升机会损失13.平均产量曲线AP的最高点对应于( )A.AC的最低点B.AVC的最低点C.AFC的最低点D.TP的最高点14.在长期,当规模报酬递减时,一般对应于( )A.长期平均成本大于短期平均成本B.长期平均成本小于短期平均成本C.长期平均成本大于长期边际成本D.长期平均成本小于长期边际成本15.企业生产一定产量时,短期平均成本等于长期平均成本,但短期平均成本尚未达最低,若要以长期最优方式生产该产量,则( )A.企业规模还需扩大B.企业规模还需缩小C.企业规模已达最优D.企业不能获超额利润16.一个完全竞争厂商不会降价推销自己的产品,因为( )A.他的竞争对手会以更低的价格应战B.由于缺乏需求价格弹性,总收入会减少C.他可以按规定价格出售任何数量的产品D.虽然降价可以扩大销售,但并不能增加利润17.某厂商是某地区市场上唯一的墙纸生产厂商,该墙纸与市场上另一厂商生产的产品A有正的交叉弹性,与产品B有负的交叉弹性,则该厂商( )A.是完全垄断厂商B.不是完全垄断厂商,因有替代品AC.不是完全垄断厂商,因有替代品BD.难以判断是否完全垄断18.完全竞争厂商短期价格P=80,TFC=1000,MR=MC时,Q=50,AC=90,则短期内该厂商( )A.不生产,因为P<AC,生产会亏损B.不生产而且退出行业,因为无利可图C.生产,通过调整产量,可以实现利润D.生产,因为与不生产比,可以减少亏损19.具有弯折需求曲线的厂商所处市场为( )A.完全竞争B.完全垄断C.垄断竞争D.寡头垄断20.具有相同成本曲线的寡头垄断厂商独立行动与公开勾结相比,每个厂商( )A.独立行动获利更好,因为以厂商自身利益最大化为行为准则B.勾结时获利更好,因为厂商联合可以扩大产量C.勾结时获利更好,因为厂商联合将形成垄断,厂商可以瓜分更高的垄断利润D.很难说谁更好,需具体情况具体分析二.(10%)若甲的效用函数Tu=XY,求1.X=40,Y=5时,甲得到的效用是多少?在XOY平面上,经过(40,5)点的无异曲线是什么?2.若乙用15单位的Y同甲换取X,为使甲的效用与(40,5)点相同,乙最多能得到多少X?3.已知甲的月收入120元,全部用于购买X和Y,X的价格2元,Y的价格3元,为使甲的效用最大化,应购买X和Y各多少?三.(15%)某垄断者的产品在两个市场上实行差别定价,其总成本函数TC=8Q+100,产品的需求函数为Q1=10-(1/2)P1,Q2=40-P2,试求:1.厂商均衡时的P1、P2、Q1、Q22证明需求价格弹性较低的市场上销售价格较高3.若两个市场只能索取相同价格,求厂商均衡价格及产量.四.(25%)假定厂商在完全竞争的产品和要素市场上从事生产经营,其生产函数为Q=48L1/2K1/2,Q为年产量,L、K 为劳动与资本使用数量。