英译汉翻译
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在从前的农业社会里,中国人最重要的节日就是过年。
对过去的一年来说,这是结束;对未来的一年来说,这是开始。
一进入腊月,街头巷尾就充满了过年的气氛,这种气氛要持续一个半月之久。
大家通过各种游乐节目来调剂一年来的辛劳,在游乐中流露着一种乐观进取的精神。
过年时,每家门上都贴上了春联,耀眼的红纸给人们带来了喜气,优美的字句提供了勉励。
In previous/former agricultural society, the Spring Festival was the most important holiday in China. It is the end of the past year and the beginning of the next. As soon as the twelfth month of the lunar year begins, streets are filled with an atmosphere of celebrating the Spring Festival for a month and a half. People relax and get rid of the past year’s hard work by a variety of entertainment with a sense of optimism and enterprise. During the holiday, Spring Festival couplets are put on the door of every household. The shining red paper brings happiness to people, and the elegant/graceful words offers encouragement.上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国际化大都市。
英汉互译的几种方法英汉互译的几种方法在翻译中,针对词汇空缺现象,在词汇的借用、引用方面通常采取四种形式:音译、直译、改编、意译1. 音译:人名、地名以及一些表示新概念而本族语里又找不到对成词来表示时,均可采用音译法介绍到译文语言中去,如: [汉译英] 磕头(kowtow),荔枝(litchi); [英译汉]、engine(引擎),motor(马达), sofa(沙发),logic(逻辑)2.直译: paper tiger(纸老虎), lose face(丢脸),Seeing is believing.(百闻不如一见。
) Out of mind,outof sight.(眼不见,心不烦)3,改编:所谓“改编”指的是音译或直译如意义补充的翻译,在翻译的“改编法”中,译者总是一方面尽可能保持原文语言的.特性,另一方面更希望译文含义明朗,使读者一目了然。
比如,汉语的“班门弄斧”这个成语,可译成 This is like showing off one's proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter 其中,“鲁班”变成了“Lu Ban the mater carpenter" 否则鲁班究竟是什么人,不知道典故的外国读者就会感到茫然。
这类译法在英译中比较常见,如巧克力糖(chocolate),鸦片烟(opium),高尔夫球(golf),来福枪(rifle),尼龙布(nylon)等。
4.意译法:填补语言中的词汇、语义空缺,采用“并行法”即意译法是一种常见的有效方法。
如果某一语言观象,在译文语言中只的用意义相同的不同语言形式即“并行”的词汇来翻译时,那么就等于说译文语言的形式中存在着一个“空缺”。
比如,有许多词以及由这些词代表的思想概念,最先只存在于某种语言中,当把这些词或概念介绍到另一种语言中去时,我们可采取音译,直译法,同时也可采用意译法,而且意译译文可从语音、语法、语义等方面都合乎译文语言的规范,因此最易为读者接受。
句子翻译音译汉:1.Their argument ended when she slammed the door and leftwithout a word.她砰的关上门,一声不吭地走了,他们之间那场争执就此结束。
2.The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at thecommanding tone of the American.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点儿意外。
3.Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone .约翰尼已长大成熟,不再害怕独自呆在家里了。
4.While she felt like joining the argument,Nancy was too shy toopen mouth.南希虽然很想参加辩论,但腼腆得不敢开口。
5.What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home?你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他?6.It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because ofhis bad eyesight.他很可能会因为实力不好而被拒收入伍。
7.The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the bestlocation of the new airport.委员会成员在新机场最佳选址这一问题上持有不同意见。
8.Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of hisbrother's better.亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。
练习1 美国印象☐我恐怕不能把美国描绘成十足的天堂——从一般角度来说,也许我对这个国家所知甚少。
我说不出它的经度或纬度;我算不出它出产谷物的价值;我对它的政治也不十分熟悉。
这些东西可能不会使你感兴趣,它们当然也不会让我感兴趣。
☐在美国上岸后得到的第一个深刻印象,就是美国人可能算不上世界上穿得最漂亮的,但却是穿得最舒服的。
那里看得到男人头戴着不堪入目的烟囱式高顶礼帽,但很少有不戴帽子的男人;还看到穿着难看至极的燕尾服的男人,但很少有不穿外套的男人。
美国人的穿戴显得舒适,这和在我国常可以看到的人们衣衫褴褛的情形形成了鲜明的对比。
☐我特别注意到的第二个特点是,似乎每个人都在急着赶火车。
这种情形对诗歌和浪漫爱情是不利的。
要是罗密欧和朱丽叶老是为乘火车而担心,或是在为返城车票而烦恼,莎士比亚就不可能写出那几幕如此富有诗意与伤感情调的阳台戏了。
☐美国是世界上最嘈杂的国家。
在早晨,不是夜莺的歌声,而是汽笛的呜叫把人们唤醒。
美国人讲求实际的头脑这么健全,却没有想到要降低这种令人难以忍受的噪音,真叫人吃惊。
所有艺术都依赖于精细微妙的敏锐感觉,这样持续不断的喧嚣,最终一定会损害人的音乐天赋。
☐美国城市没有牛津、剑桥、索尔兹伯里和温彻斯特那么美丽,那些地方有优雅时代的美好遗迹;虽然不时还是可以看到许多美的东西,但只能在美国人没有存心创造美的地方。
在美国人有意创造美的地方,他们显然没有成功。
美国人的突出特点,便是他们把科学应用于现代生活的那种态度。
☐在纽约走马观花地一走,这一点就一目了然了。
在英国人们常把发明家视作狂人,发明带来的是失望与穷困的例子简直不胜枚举。
在美国发明家受到尊重,他随时可以得到人们的帮助。
在那里心灵手巧、把科技应用于人类的劳动,是致富的捷径。
没有一个国家比美国更爱机器的了。
☐或许,值得指出的是,被许多人指为美国式英语的其实是老的英国式表达,它们在我国已经消失,却在我们的殖民地里留存下来。
许多人以为美国人常说的“I guess”(“我猜”)纯粹是一种美国式表达,但约翰∙洛克在他的The understanding (《理解论》)中就用过这种说法,就像我们现在使用“I think”(“我想”)一样。
篇章翻译---英译汉We sometimes fall in with person who have seen much of the world, and of the man who, in their day, have played a conspicuous part in it, but who generalized nothing,and have no observation, in the true sense of the world. They abound in information in detail ,curious and entertaining, about men and things, and, having lived under the influence of no very clear or settled principles, religious or political, they speak of every one and everything, only as so many phenomena, which are complete in themselves, and lead to nothing, not discussing any truth, or instructing the hearer, but simple talking. No one would say that these persons, well informed as they are, had attained to any great culture or intellect or to philosophy.译文:我们有时邂逅一些熟悉世故的人,和一些曾经见过许多在其全盛时代,叱咤风云,世界安危所系的有名人物的人,但是他们却不能归纳出一点什么来,也毫无真正的观察力。
Unit11.中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的艺术、是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。
Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world.2.中国书法艺术的形成,发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。
The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters.3.汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中,一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用,另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。
In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form.4.书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来,所以,通常有“字如其人”的说法。
Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that "seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person".5.中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝,而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。
第二部分练习参考译文Chapter 1 General PrinciplesDrills 1.3.1(1) 1. 这对克服困难很有帮助。
(go a long way towards something/doing something = helpgreatly in [achieving] something, OALD 2002: 525;《新英汉词典》2000: 1577)2. 趁你还年轻的时候,加油吧!/青春不再,趁早努力。
(go it = act in a manner that is quicker,more lively, impatient, etc., than is usual. Longman Dictionary of English Idioms1979: 130;《英汉大词典》1993: 740)3. 我需要更多空闲的时间。
(could do with something = need or want something, LDCE1998: 435)4. 这次失败促使他成功。
([the making of] = a means of gaining great improvement orsuccess, LDCE 1998: 918)5. 我盼望在最后一刻可以挽救和平。
(the eleventh hour = the very last moment, LDCE 1998:478)6.她对此事很了解。
(know a thing or two [about somebody/something] = know a lot [aboutsomebody/something], OALD 2002: 825)7. 她真是爱说话。
/她太喜欢说话了。
(ready = willing to do, LDCE 1998: 1249, 参见“学生用书”243页)8.无线电传来了该地区发现大油田的消息。
汉英翻译词语意义明确化1.我们搞社会主义才几十年,还处在初级阶段。
We have been building socialism for only a few decades and are still in the primary stage.2.低速度就等于停步,甚至等于后退。
要抓住机会,现在就是还机会。
Slow growth equals stagnation and even retrogression. We must grasp opportunities; the present offers an excellent one.3.看来我们的发展,总是要在某一个阶段,抓住时机,加速搞几年,发现问题及时加以治理,而后继续前进。
It seems to me that, as a rule, at certain stages we should seize the opportunity to accelerate development for a few years, deal with problems as soon as they are recognized, and then move on.词义的褒贬4.人们都在讲南北问题很突出,我看这个问题就是发展问题。
People are saying that the North-South question is very serious. I think it is a question of development.5.在整个改革开放过程中都要反对腐败。
Throughout the process of reform and opening, we must combat corruption.6.对凭借行业垄断和某些特殊条件获得个人额外收入的必须纠正。
We must correct the malpractice of individuals obtaining extra incomes by taking advantage of sectoral monopoly and some special privileges.用词的语气轻重7.我们必须广泛地利用现代科学技术的新成就。
1. Lexicography1)Lexicography provides at its best a joyful sense of busyness with language词典编纂的绝妙之处是给人一种与语言打交道的快乐感。
2) One is immersed in the details of language as in no other field.不像其他领域,编词典的人整天都钻在语言材料中。
3) Sometimes the details are so overwhelming and endless they sap the spirit and depress the mind有时碰到的语言材料浩如烟海,令人耗神。
4) Often at the end of a hard day’s work one realizes with dismay that the meager stack of finished work one has accomplished has an immeasurably slight impact on the work as a whole往往一天辛苦工作下来,发觉所完成的薄薄几页草稿只是全部工作的九牛一毛,好不沮丧。
5) As I hope the readers of this work will come to understand dictionaries do not sprint into being正如我希望这部著作的读者会逐渐明白的那样,词典并非是一蹴而就的。
6)People must plan them collect information and write them. 必须先制定计划,收集材料,然后方能编写。
7 )Writing takes time and it is often frustrating and even infuriating.编写词典不仅耗费时间,而且常让人受挫,甚至恼怒。
(1) It was not long before he died.译文过了不久,他就死了。
(2) It has been one year since I last smoked.译文一年前,我戒了烟。
/ 我戒烟已经一年了。
(3) This is well out of the line of traffic and it was three years before any ship sighted the castaways.译文这里远离航线,过了三年,过往船只才发现这群流落荒岛的人。
(4) You have to ask for his consultation before you make any decision.必须咨询他之后才能做出决定。
/做决定前,一定要咨询他的意见。
(1) Office area, staff only.译文办公区域,闲人免进。
(2) The villagers found themselves vulnerable(['vʌln(ə)rəb(ə)l]易受攻击的)to the process of industrialization.译文村民们发现自己无力抵挡工业化的进程。
(3) This problem is quite above me.译文这个问题难住了我。
/ 这个问题我不懂。
(1) By the time I reached Stanislau, all the people were gone, too.我抵达斯丹尼斯劳时,此地已经成为空城了。
(2) The new century is upon us.我们即将迎来新世纪。
(3)After three sips it was gone, but I could still feel its warmth and energy. 我啜吸三口就喝光了,不过咖啡的香浓温暖我却至今难忘。
(4)Being a writer had been far from my expectations; being a best-selling author was almost unfathomable(深不可测的;无底的;莫测高深的).我根本没有料到过自己能成为一名作家,更不敢想象自己能成为一位畅销书作者。
6.I wouldn‘t care success or failure, for I will only struggle ahead as long as I have been destined to the distance. I wouldn‘t care the difficulties around, for what I can leave on the earth is only their view of my back since I have been marching toward the horizontal. (英译汉)我不去想是否能够成功,既然选择了远方,便只顾风雨兼程;我不去想身后会不会袭来寒风冷雨,既然目标是地平线,留给世界的只能是背影.1.我没有留心听他说话。
I listened to him with half an ear.with half an ear 不专心(听), 不很注意地2.不要妄下结论,先把事情搞清楚。
Don't jump to conclusion. We have to figure it out first.3.我不会提供任何意见,我想你该自己做决定。
I’m no t going to dish out any advice, I think you should take your time deciding.dish out 把...盛在盘中端上; (用餐时)分(饭) 发给, 分配; 发布(消息等) [口]滔滔不绝地讲出; 单调的背诵[美俚]施加(打, 骂等)4.我妹妹很固执,你要她改变心意根本就是白费力气。
My sister is very stubborn. You're just beating your head against a wall trying to make her change her mind.beat one's head against a wall白费力气;徒劳无功5.我们向你方保证这样的事件在以后的出货中不会再度发生。
汉译英翻译1. “几点了?”都22了,还不快点”“What is the time?”It is already twenty-two past the hour, so hurry up, then.2.他看见我那辆漂亮的新车就非常眼红。
When he saw my splendid new car, he was absolutely green with envy.Be green with envy 嫉妒的要命Envious=jealous 嫉妒的3.他耸耸肩,摇摇头,两眼看天,一句话也不说。
He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.4. 当老师的应当有耐心。
A teacher should have patience in his work.Teachers should be patient with their students.5. 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.Whereas=while 而Conceit 骄傲,自负 conceited Lag 停滞不前6. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。
He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.7. 三个臭皮匠,胜过诸葛亮。
Three cobbles with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.Cobbles 鞋匠8.老师没布置作业就宣布下课了。
The teacher dismissed the class without any assignment.9. 我们没有闲工夫为这些琐事操心。