第六单元文体翻译第一节新闻报道一、新闻翻译的特点1、翻译讲求实效2、可以适当增减⏹翻译：遵循翻译标准进行全文翻译。
⏹编译：紧扣原作主题思想，从原作选取最有价值的内容，遵循篇章构建的一般规律，基本按照原作的时间先后顺序和逻辑关系组织行文，再按照翻译的一般原则，将其译成目的语的过程。
（王涛2004）⏹摘译：摘取一些认为重要的或者说传达了重要信息的段落和内容。
（俞建村2001）（注意：必须完整地翻译抽取的内容。
）⏹参见教材第十章―翻译的类型‖ p135.3、符合写作要求（1）手法：⏹以尽可能有趣的方式将一定事实展现出来。
（2）结构：⏹编年史法（chronological method ）：依照事实发生先后按时间顺序叙述。
⏹新闻导语法（news lead method ）：依照事实的重要性来铺陈、排列事实。
（3）语言：⏹具体、准确、简明、通俗、生动。
4、内容力求准确二、新闻的翻译⏹标题的翻译⏹电头的翻译⏹导语的翻译⏹正文的翻译⏹了解背景知识例：US Missile Targets Iraqi Radar SiteW ASHINGTON: A United States Air Force F-16 fighter plane fired a missile at an Iraqi radar site after the jet was tracked electronically while in the ―no-fly‖ zone over southern Iraq, the Pentagon said yesterday.But the White House, explaining a long delay in announcing the strike, said it was unclear whether Iraqi radar has ―locked on‖ to the plane on Saturday.A Pentagon spokesman said the F-16 returned safely to its base in Saudi Arabia. It was not immediately known if the Iraqi site was damaged. The spokesman, confirming the strike about 18 hours after it occurred, said an investigation was under way. Iraq denied any such incident had taken place.美导弹击中伊拉克雷达基地华盛顿电：五角大楼昨日宣称：一架美空军F－16战斗机在伊拉克南部禁飞区被电子跟踪后，向伊一雷达基地发射了导弹。
但是白宫在解释拖延很久才公布这次打击行动的原因时称：星期六时尚不清楚伊雷达是否已―锁定‖了这架飞机。
五角大楼的一位发言人说，该F—16战斗机已安全返回设在沙特阿拉伯的基地，伊雷达站是否被摧毁尚无法立刻得知。
该发言人在这次打击行动发生18小时后证实了此事，并说正在进行调查。
伊拉克却否认有此事件发生。
1、标题的翻译⏹特点：简明扼要，立意新颖，生动醒目而又不拘一格。
例：Boy, 7, killed by ejection from cockpit of navy jetPLO says big Israeli drive aheadIrish demo clashSTART announced to begin June 29（1）缩略词语⏹缩写词例1：NPCCPPCCOPECUNESCO例2：VIPCEOPMMP例3：PCUFOTBDJI缩略词主要包括机构名称、人物或职位名称和日常熟知的事物。
⏹简缩词例1：copterflulibtellybiz例2：ecopoliticsReaganomics例3：BrezMaggie（2）简短表达例1：Cops under firePopulation shockStarvation例2：the 43-year Arab-Israeli conflictthe President’s cease-fire announcementfarm product例3. Nuke protestorsPolice killer’s jail death not unexpected（3）―时髦‖新词例：moon walkearth risecapitalesecontainerizationcatchfeedmachineshuttle diplomacya ―yesable‖ proposition（4）省略现象例1：Patient loses heart, gets 3rd例2：Bankers keep silent as dollar falls例3：Economists told China’s program unchanged例4：Anne and baby are well（5）时态例1：Mount. St. Helens eruptsNon-aligned body makes new effort例2：Thatcher tells why she fired ministerNehru backed Tibet uprising—rebel chief例3：Opposition to Viet invasion force growingIndia mending fences例4：Australia to import diesels from ChinaPope to visit Japan in February2、电头⏹电头，又叫做“消息头”。
指电讯稿件播发的新闻单位、地点、时间的说明，也有只说明新闻单位和时间。
稿件用¡°电报电传电话¡±等方式发往外地称“电”，发给当地的称“讯”。
⏹新闻通讯社的稿件常常以“××社××地×月×日电”作为电头。
“本报讯”“本台讯”则是为了表明这篇稿件是自己的记者或者通讯员的作品，如果是外埠采访也必须注明发稿的地点时间，可以写成本台××地×月×日专电。
⏹熟悉主要通讯社和媒体的名称、简称等。
例：APUPIReutersAFPXinhuaChinanewsKyodoEfe3、导语⏹新闻导语——是就以简要的文句，突出最重要、最新鲜或最富有个性特点的事实，提示新闻要旨，吸引读者阅读全文的消息的开头部分。
⏹翻译导语时要使用清晰、简洁、生动的词语突出主要信息。
例1. Beijng, August 19（Reuter) –The president’s visit has turn ed a new page in relation between the two countries，mass media here say.译：路透社北京8月19日电，此间新闻界认为，总统此次来访为两国关系揭开了新的一页。
例2. London, Oct 20（Reuter via Xinhua)—London market closed mixed on profit taking after a higher opening in fairly active trading, it was announced herel.译：新华社转引路透社10月20日电，此间人士称，伦敦股市开市时股价上扬，交易相当活跃。
由于一些持股者获利后抛盘，收盘时有涨有跌。
4、正文（1）形象化、口语化词汇例1：Pioneer colleges face axeChun axes 37 judges in shake-upEx-leader uses blog to needle Malaysian governmentBritish students knifed in FranceChina says ―yes‖ to talks with Moscow（2）抽象化词汇例1：Penal experts say studies have shown that imprisonment is not a deterrent to crime.例2：The mechanics of this indoctrination are familiar to everyone—the Pledge of Allegiance, the National Anthem, the Solute to the Flag.例3：A lot of Diana’s appeal comes from her stunning physical presence.例4：Alternatives are available at every stage of the judicial process from arrest to sentencing.（3）词语借代例: French election results annoy MoscowTalks on Africa at No. 10$227 billion tax on crude oil is cleared by Hill（4）结构松散例1：Mr. Carter said that the Soviet leader’s response to the message, sent on Friday, had been inadequate.译文：卡特先生说，苏联领导人对（美国）星期五发出的电报的回复，不足以说明问题。
例2：The announcement on the failure of the mission, which apparently originated in Egypt, come form the White House spokesman Jody Powell expressed deep regret at the deaths of the American Forces involved.译文：白宫发言人佐迪·鲍威尔宣布拯救行动失败，对参加此役的美国部队的死亡事故深表遗憾；而这次拯救行动显然是从埃及出发的。
练习Kan inspects quake-hit regionPrime Minister Naoto Kan has visited an emergency-stricken nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture and inspected the quake-hit Pacific coast, northeastern Japan.Kan left Tokyo on a Self-Defense Force helicopter on Saturday morning for the Fukushima No.1 nuclear plant.The head of the plant, which is operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company, briefed the prime minister on the current status of the plant and responses to the situation.Kan instructed the plant chief to place top priority on the safety of local residents and take proper and swift responses.Later by helicopter, Kan inspected the quake-battered coastal areas, including the cities of Sendai and Ishinomaki in Miyagi Prefecture. He watched a blazing industrial complex and residential districts devastated by tsunami waves.On returning to his official residence in Tokyo, the prime minister told reporters that he felt the damage wrought by the tsunamis is very serious.参考译文菅直人今早视察灾区日本首相菅直人亲自前往已宣布实施―紧急状态‖的福岛第一核电站，同时还视察了东北部沿海的地震灾区。
