高考英语 阅读理解 专题练习 导学案12(含答案解析)

高考英语阅读理解专题练习导学案24（含答案解析）Passage Twenty-six (Sensory Evaluation of Food)A Polish proverb claims that fish, to taste right, should three times—in water, in butter and in wine. The early efforts of the basic scientists in the food industry were directed at improving the preparation, preservation, and distribution of safe and nutritious food. Our memories of certain foodstuffs eaten during the World War II suggest that, although these might have been safe and nutritious, they certainly did not taste right nor were they particularly appetizing in appearance or smell. This neglect of the sensory appeal of foods is happily becoming a thing of the past. Bow, in the book “Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food,” the authors hope that it will be useful to food technologists in industry and also to others engaged in research into problem of sensory evaluation of foods. An attempt has clearly been make to collect every possible piece of information, which might be useful, more than one thousand five hundred references being quoted. As a result, the book seems at first sight to be an exhaustive and critically useful review of the literature. This it certainly is, but this is by no means is its only achievement, for there are many suggestions for further lines of research, and the discursive passages are crisply provocative of new ideas and new ways of looking at established findings.Of particular interest is the weight given to the psychological aspects of perception, both objectively and subjectively. The relation between stimuli and perception is well covered, and includes a valuable discussion of the uses and disadvantages of the Weber fraction of differences. It is interesting to find that in spite of many attempts to separate and define the modalities of taste, nothing better has been achieved than the familiar classification into sweet, sour salty and bitter. Nor is there as yet any clear-cut evidence of the physiological nature of the taste stimulus. With regard to smell, systems of classification are of little value because of the extraordinary sensitivity of the nose and because the response to the stimulus is so subjective. The authors suggest that a classification based on the size, shape and electronic status of the molecule involved merits further investigation, as does the theoretical proposition that weak physical binding of the stimulant molecule to he receptor site is a necessary part of the mechanism of stimulation.Apart from taste and smell, there are many other components of perception of the sensations from food in the mouth. The basic modalities of pain, cold, warmth and touch, together with vibration sense, discrimination and localization may all play a part, as, of course, does auditory reception of bone-conducted vibratory stimuli from the teeth when eating crisp or crunchy foods. In this connection the authors rightly point out that this type of stimulus requires much more investigation, suggesting that a start might be made by using subjects afflicted withvarious forms of deafness. It is well-known that extraneous noise may alter discrimination, and the attention of the authors is directed to the work of Prof. H. J. Eysenck on the “stimulus hunger” of extroverts and the “stimulus avoidance” of introverts.1. The reviewer uses a Polish proverb at the beginning of the article in order to[A]. introduce, in an interesting manner, the discussion of food.. show the connection between food and nationality of food.[C]. indicate that there are various ways to prepare food.[D]. impress upon the reader the food value of fish.2. The reviewers appraisal of “Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food” is one of[A]. mixed feelings. . indifference[C]. high praise. [D]. faint praise.3. The writer of the article does not express the view, either directly or by implication, that[A]. sharply defined classifications of taste are needed.. more research should be done regarding the molecular constituency of food.[C]. food values are objectively determined by an expert “smeller”.[D]. temperature is an important factor in the value of food.4. The authors of the book suggest the use of deaf subject because[A]. deaf people are generally introversive.. the auditory sense is an important factor in food evaluation.[C]. they are more fastidious in their choice of foods.[D]. All types of subjects should be used.V ocabulary1. preservation 保鲜，保存2. sensory appeal 感官的魅力3. be provocative of 脱颖而出4. exhaustive 详尽的，无遗漏的5. discursive 推论的6. be provocative of 引起……争论/兴趣等的7. crisp 有力的，有劲的8. perception 感觉，知觉，直觉9. modality 方式modality of taste （味）感觉到10. discrimination 鉴别力11. localization 地区性，定位12. merit 值得……，有……价值13. crunchy 嘎吱作响的14. extraneous 外部的15. extrovert 外向性格的人16. introvert 内项性格的人难句译注1. although these might have been safe and nutritious, they certainly did not taste right nor were they particularly appetizing in appearance or smell.[结构简析] in appearance or smell 应译成：色或香。

2012 高考英语：阅读理解讲堂练教案（12）Passage Eleven (The Affect of Electricity on Cancer)Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seemspreposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointedto studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk ofleukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyonees into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power linesand antennas to personal puters and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject isinconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the healtheffects of electricity is legitimate — or the worst kind of paranoia.Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week,the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. Theagency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence“ suggests a casual link” between ext low-frequency electromagnetic fields — those having very longwave-lengths — and leukemia,lymphoma and brain cancer, While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probablecarcinogens, it does identify the mon 60- hertz magnetic field as“ a possible, but not proven, causeof cancer in humans.”The report is no reason to panic — or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one.The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the BushAdministration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the WhitHouse. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much moreresearch is needed.At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: When an electriccurrent passes through a wire, tit generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces onsurrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might beharmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated bya video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of theearth ’owns magnetic field, The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they couldnot, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, thatpack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such“ ionizing” radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulationscontrol emissions.But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not provecause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fieldscan have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead tocancerous growths has never been found.The Pentagon is for from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Forcescientists charge its authors with having “ biased the entire document ” toward proving a link. reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields) present in theenvironment induce or promote cancer,” the Air Force concludes.“ It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprim atur on this report. ” Then Pentagon ’ s concern is understandable. There is hardly a unit ofthe modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind ofelectronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into everywarship and plane.1.The main idea of this passage is[A]. studies on the cause of cancer. controversial view-points in the cause of cancer[C].the relationship between electricity and cancer.[D].different ideas about the effect of electricity on caner.2.The view-point of the EPA is[A].there is casual link between electricity and cancer.. electricity really affects cancer.[C].controversial.[D].low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer3.Why did the Pentagon and Whit House object to the release of the report? Because[A]. it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.. every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment.[C]. the Pentagon concern’s was understandable.[D]. they had different arguments.4.It can be inferred from physical phenomenon[A]. the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful.. the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate.[C].electromagnetic field may affect health.[D].only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.5.What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?[A].They are indifferent.. They are worried very much.[C]. The may exercise prudent avoidance.[C]. They are shocked.Vocabulary1.preposterous失常的，十分荒唐的，乖戾的2.leukemia白血病3.malignancy恶性肿瘤4.legitimate合法的，合理的5.paranoia偏执狂，妄图狂。

高中英语导学案与练习2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（13）2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（13）Passage Twelve (Religion and Rationality)Yet the difference in tome and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks: that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs. Religions are many, reason one. Religion consists of conscious ideas, hopes, enthusiasms, and objects of worship; it operates by grace and flourishes by prayer. Reason, on the other hand, is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to reflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind. We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the various objects which it unfolds in their true nature and proportion. Religion brings some order into life by weighting it with new materials. Reason adds to the natural materials only the perfect order which it introduces into them. Rationality is nothing but a form, an ideal constitution which experience may more or less embody. Religion is a part of experience itself, a mass of sentiments and ideas. The one is an inviolate principle, the other a changing and struggling force. And yet this struggling and changing force of religion seems to direct man toward something eternal. It seems to make for an ultimate harmony within the soul and for an ultimate harmony between the soul and all that the soul depends upon. Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society, science, or art, for theseapproach and fill out the ideal life tentatively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the foal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims. Religion also has an instinctive and blind side and bubbles up in all manner of chance practices and intuitions; soon, however, it feels its way toward the heart of things, and from whatever quarter it may come, veers in the direction of the ultimate.Nevertheless, we must confess that this religious pursuit of the Life of Reason has been singularly abortive. Those within the pale of each religion may prevail upon themselves, to express satisfaction with its results, thanks to a fond partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind. Their chief anxiety has been to offer imaginary remedies for mortal ills, some of which are incurable essentially, while others might have been really cured by well-directed effort. The Greed oracles, for instance, pretended to heal out natural ignorance, which has its appropriate though difficult cure, while the Christian vision of heaven pretended to be an antidote to our natural death—the inevitable correlate of birth and of a changing and conditioned existence. By methods of this sort little can be done for the real betterment of life. To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness. Nature is soon avenged. An unhealthy exaltation and a one-sided morality have to be followed by regrettable reactions. When these come. The real rewards of life may seem vain to a relaxed vitality, and the very name of virtue may irritate young spirits untrained in andnatural excellence. Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill.What is the secret of this ineptitude? Why does religion, so near to rationality in its purpose, fall so short of it in its results? The answer is easy; religion pursues rationality through the imagination. When it explains events or assigns causes, it is an imaginative substitute for science. When it gives precepts, insinuates ideals, or remoulds aspiration, it is an imaginative substitute for wisdom—I mean for the deliberate and impartial pursuit of all food. The condition and the aims of life are both represented in religion poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses. Hence the depth and importance of religion becomes intelligible no less than its contradictions and practical disasters. Its object is the same as that of reason, but its method is to proceed by intuition and by unchecked poetical conceits.1. As used in th e passage, the author would define “wisdom” as[A]. the pursuit of rationality through imagination.. an unemotional search for the truth.[C]. a purposeful and unbiased quest for what is best.[D]. a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness2. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?[A]. Religion seeks the truth through imagination, reason, in its search, utilizes the emotions.. Religion has proved an ineffective tool in solving man’s problems.[C]. Science seeks a piece meal solution to man’s questions.[D]. The functions of philosophy and reason are the same.3. According to the author, science differs from religion in that[A]. it is unaware of ultimate goals. . it is unimaginative.[C]. its findings are exact and final. [D]. it resembles society and art.4. The author states that religion differs from rationality in that[A]. it relies on intuition rather than reasoning .. it is not concerned with the ultimate justification of its instinctive aims.[C]. it has disappointed mankind.[D]. it has inspired mankind.5. According to the author, the pursuit of religion has proved to be[A]. imaginative. . a provider of hope for the future. [C]. a highly intellectual activity [D]. ineffectual.V ocabulary1. grace 恩赐，仁慈，感化，感思祷告2. chide 责备3. sentiment 情感4. inviolate 不受侵犯的，纯洁的5. intent 意义，含义6. piecemeal 一件件，逐渐的，零碎的7. bubble up 起泡，沸腾，兴奋8. veer 改变方向，转向9. abortive 夭折的，失败的，中断的，流产的。

高中英语阅读理解解题技巧PartI. 考情分析PartII. 阅读原则1、做题顺序:先题后文,题文对仗（题目顺序即文章顺序），偶有例外。

2、题目定位词停靠:首字母大写词,实意名词或动词,形容词副词PartIII. 阅读理解五大题型1、细节理解题（事实细节题）2、推理判段题3、词义猜测题4、主旨大意题5、观点态度题一、细节理解题常见的提问形式:1.Who/What/Where/When/Why/How/Which/...?2.What was the reason for...?3.At which place can...?4.All the statements are true except.5.In the passage, the author states that.6.What’s the right order of the events ?细节理解题技巧总结:1.错误选项的特点：1）明显远离定位范围2）绝对性选项（must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, none, pletely, absolutely 等…）2. 正确选项的特点：1)原文重现2)同义改写eg. UK England /BritainThe bottleneck is the supply of teachers. The lack of teachers.supplywondifferent【Example 1】The report came to the British on May 21, 1941. The German battleship（战船）Bismarck（俾斯麦号）, the most powerful warship in the world, was moving out into the Atlantic Ocean. Her task: to destroy the ships carrying supplies from the United States to wartorn（受战争破坏的）England.The Bismarck sailed into the Atlantic Ocean ______.A. to sink the Hood（胡德号战舰）B. to gain control of FranceC. to cut off American supplies to BritainD. to stop British warships reaching Germany【Example 2】The report came to the British on May 21, 1941. The German battleship（战船）Bismarck（俾斯麦号）, the most powerful warship in the world, was moving out into the Atlantic Ocean. Her task: to destroy the ships carrying supplies from the United States to wartorn（受战争破坏的）England.The British had feared such a task. No warships（战船）they had could match the Bismark（俾斯麦号）in speed or in firepower（火力）. The Bismarck had eight 15inch guns（火炮）and 81 smaller guns. She could move at 30 nautical miles (海里) an hour. She was believed to be unsinkable（不沉的）.Many people believed that the Bismarck was the most strongest one because she ______.A. was fast and powerfulB. had more men on boardC. was under Luetjens’ mandD. had bigger guns than other ships牛刀小试：【EX. 1】However, the British had to sink her. They force their best battleship Hood（胡德号战舰）to hunt down the Bismarck（俾斯麦号）. On May 24, the Hood found the Bismarck.It was a meeting（会面）that the German mander（指挥官）did not want to see. His orders were to destroy the British ships that were carrying supplies, but to stay away from a fight with British warships.The battle didn’t last long. The Bismarck’s first torpedo (鱼雷) hit the Hood, which went down taking all but three of her 1, 419 men with her.We learn from the text that on 24 May ______.A. the British won the battle against the BismarckB. the Bismarck won the battle against the BritishC. the British gunfire damaged the Bismarck seriouslyD. the Bismarck succeeded in keeping away from the British【EX. 2】But in the fight, the Bismarck was slightly damaged . Her mander decided to run for repairs to France, which had at that time been taken by the Germans. The British force followed her. However, because of the Bismarck’s speed and the heavy fog, they lost sight of her.Her mander tried to sail（航行）to France in order to ______.A. have the ship repairedB. join the other GermansC. get help from the FrenchD. get away from the British二、推理判断题常见提问方式1.The passage implies (暗示) that_______.2.We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_____.3.Which of the following can be inferred (推论)?4.What is the tone (语气) of the author ?5.What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?6.The passage is intended to (倾向于) _____.7.Where would this passage most probably appear（出现）?8.The next paragraph would most probably deal with_______.9.At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write _______.技巧点拨:1.推断隐含意义【Example 1】A buildityourself solar still（自制太阳能蒸馏器）is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available…..The only ponents（成分）required, though, are a 5' ×5' sheet of clear（透明的）or slightly milky（略带乳白色的）plastic, six feet of plastic tube（试管）, and a container（容器）—perhaps just a drinking cup —to catch the water. These pieces can be folded（折叠）into a neat little pack and fastened（系）on your belt（腰带）.1.What do we know about the solar still （蒸馏器）from the first paragraph? （）A. It’s delicate（精致的）.B. It’s expensive.C. It’s plex.D. It’s portable（便携的）.推断隐含意义题技巧总结：①Scanning，找到相关信息点②Study reading，不但理解表层，而且要由表及里、由浅入深地分析③推理，以文中提供的信息为依据，结合常识，作出符合逻辑的推断2.推断写作目的【Example 1】It’s an amazing acplishment（成就）and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations（企业）, and other social organizations（组织）. Visit to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.1.What is the purpose of the last part of the text? （）A. To encourage supports.B. To advertise ing events.C. To introduce special exhibits.D. To tell about the Center’s history.推断写作目的题技巧总结1：找句来推断写作目的。

2024高考一轮复习“阅读理解〞导学案Topic：(说明文)understandable around the world. Esports mostly appeal to those in their early 20s, as shown by the carnival of college students. That in turn makes them a good bridge of munication between young Chinese people and their petitors around the world.More importantly, the esports industry is sustainable in spreading Chinese culture, as the large audiences mean huge mercial potential. In 2020 alone, the sales ine of the domestic esports industry reached 278.69 billion yuan, and involved 280,000 enterprises, which in turn created over 10 million jobs. According to a media report, nearly 95 percent of graduates from esports majors at the munication University of China in Nanjing, succeeded in finding a job after graduation this year, with 62 percent of them devoted to the esports industry, including video game clubs, game design panies and game petition operation panies.The inclusion of esports in major sporting events has been a muchdiscussed topic in recent years. With more Chinese gaming clubs and teams appearing , the industry is expected to further prosper (富强) and continue spreading Chinese culture to the world.1．What did people on Chinese social media cheer for? A．Eight esports would be included in Asian Games. B．EDG won the League of Legends World Championship. C．China's esports industry was recognized by the world. D．The 19th Asian Games were announced to be held in China.【答案&解析】1．细节理解题。

2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（12）Passage Eleven (The Affect of Electricity on Cancer)Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate—or the worst kind of paranoia.Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields—those having very longwave-lengths—and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer, While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”The report is no reason to panic—or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the Whit House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: When an electric current passes through a wire, tit generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earth’s own magnetic field, The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such “ionizing” radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions.But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.The Pentagon is for from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having “biased the entire document” toward proving a link. “Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or promote cancer,” the Air Force concludes. “It is astonishing that the EPA would lend i ts imprimatur on this report.” Then Pentagon’s concern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.1.The main idea of this passage is[A]. studies on the cause of cancer. controversial view-points in the cause of cancer[C]. the relationship between electricity and cancer.[D]. different ideas about the effect of electricity on caner.2.The view-point of the EPA is[A]. there is casual link between electricity and cancer.. electricity really affects cancer.[C]. controversial.[D].low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer3.Why did the Pentagon and Whit House object to the release of the report? Because[A]. it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.. every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment.[C]. the Pe ntagon’s concern was understandable.[D]. they had different arguments.4.It can be inferred from physical phenomenon[A]. the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful.. the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate.[C]. electromagnetic field may affect health.[D]. only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.5.What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?[A].They are indifferent. . They are worried very much.[C]. The may exercise prudent avoidance. [C]. They are shocked.V ocabulary1. preposterous 反常的，十分荒谬的，乖戾的2. leukemia 白血病3. malignancy 恶性肿瘤4. legitimate 合法的，合理的5. paranoia 偏执狂，妄想狂。

Reading comprehension【Learning objectives】At the end of the class, the students will be able to:1.find out the reasons of the true answers in the test paper and summarize some skills of reading comprehension by analyzing the details of the passage .2.master some useful words and phrases with the direction of the teacher. 【Learning procedures】Step1 Find out the reasons of the true answers in the test paperStep2 Summarize some skills of reading comprehension by analyzing the details of t he passage .Step3 Self-assessment1. 细节理解题Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the e nvironment. “We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alon e that there was a problem with it，”says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day US A.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social move ment. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has in creased many, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wiscon sin, who thought up the first Earth Day. Great improvement has been achieved. In 198 8 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advan ced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.(1) According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ________. A．the social movement B．recycling techniquesC．environmental problems D．the importance of Earth Day2. 推理判断题Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes，” but Serval wo uld find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.What can we infer about Serval's children?A．They were unwilling to brush their teeth.B．They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.C．They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.D．They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.Monday, October 6 Rained last night, cloudy in the morning, 69°FWe spent about two hours in Nancy, then sailed on the Canal de la Marne au Rhine. K ind of a lazy day, eating breakfast, lunch, and dinner. After dinner we watched a tape o n Baccarat, where we will visit tomorrow. It was pleasant to sit out on deck (甲板) and watch the scenery go by at about 3 mph.Wednesday, October 8 Cloudy, 65°FToday we sailed from Schneckenbush to Saverne. We went through two caves, an extr emely unusual part of the journey. This river scenery is very different. We were in a m ountain valley with grassland on one side and a forest beginning to show some color o n the other.(3) What does the author think of the tour?A. Tiring.B. Expensive.C. Enjoyable.D. Quick.3. 词意猜测题A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, aged 4 and 18 months.(4) The underlined word “hassle” means ________.A．a party designed by specialists B．a plan requiring careful thoughtC．a situation causing difficulty or troubleWhen things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can't achieve som ething. Then there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to conc entrate.(5) What does the underlined word “distractions” refer to?A．ways that help one to focusB．words that help one to feel less tenseC．activities that turn one's attention away4.主旨大意题Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is till the most influe ntial medium around. Indeed, for many other the poorest areas of the world, it remains the next big thing---finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, beca use the TV revolution is changing lives for the better......Too much TV has been associ ated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influ ence on the lives of the worldwide.(6) The author aims to_______A．stress the advantage of TV to people's livesB．tell us the bad effects of TVC．introduce the readers some websites such as GoogleD．encourage the readers to watch TVIt was Mother's Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermar ket with my five--year--old son, Tenyson. As we were leaving, we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on t he concrete. Her husband was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the wom an was embarrassed and clearly in shock.Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset about what had happened t o the couple. He said to me, “Mum, it's not much fun falling over in front of everyone ”At the front of the supermarket, a charity (慈善) group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds. Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower. “It will make her feel better，” he said. I was amazed that he'd come u p with this sweet idea. So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up. “Just take it，” she replied. “I can't take you r money for such a wonderful gesture.”By now paramedics (急救人员) had arrived, and were attending to the injured woman. As we walked up to her, my son became intimidated by all the blood and med ical equipment. He said he was just too scared to go up to her.(6) What would be the best title for the passage?A．Flower PowerB．Mother's DayC．An Accidental InjuryD．An Embarrassing Moment。

高考英语阅读理解专题练习导学案10（含答案解析）Passage Six (Equality of opportunity in the twentieth Century Has Not Destroyed the Class System)These days we hear a lot of nonsense about the ‘great classless society’. The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great clichés of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discredited. The monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power. Inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by taxation and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogether. In a number of countries the victory has been complete. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesn’t bear out the claim.It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. (It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.) The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, ‘survival of the fittest’,and ‘might is right’ are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For ‘aristocracy’ read ‘meritocracy’; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained.Genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring material rewards. And what is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them ‘a good start in life’. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the principles in a democracy is that people should be free to choose how they will educate their children. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was.In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudalking or an educated peasant.1.What is the main idea of this passage?[A] Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.Equality means money.[C] There is no such society as classless society.[D] Nature can’t give you a classless society.2.According to the author, the same educati onal opportunities can’t get rid of inequality because[A] the principle ‘survival of the fittest’ exists.Nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and ability.[C] Material rewards are for genuine ability.[D] People have the freedom how to educate their children.3.Who can obtain more rapid success[A] those with wealth.Those with the best brains.[C] Those with the best opportunities.[D] Those who have the ability to catch at opportunities.4.Why does the author say the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent? Because[A] money decides everything.Private schools offer advantages over state schools.[C] People are free to choose the way of educating their children.[D] Wealth is used for political ends.5.According to the author, ‘class divisions’ refers to[A] the rich and the poor.Different opportunities for people.[C] Oppressor and the oppressed.[D] Genius and stupidity.V ocabulary1.discredit 损害，破坏，败坏（某人的名声），不可信2.monarch 国王，女皇，君主政体lennium 千年the millennium 千僖年4.bear out 证实5.level out （升跌之后）呈平稳状态6.meritocracy 英才管理，英才教育，能人统治7.knack 技巧，诀窍8.perpetuate 使永久，永存或持续9.indiscriminate 不加鉴别的，不加分析的，任意的10.boil down 归结为……难句译注1. Close examination doesn’t bear out the claim.【参考译文】深入探索证实此断言不确。

高考英语专题练习（十二）语法填空1．阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.A grocery store owner in Japan recently paid $11, 000 1 a bunch of grapes of the Ruby Roman（红宝石罗马葡萄）variety. He now plans 2 (put) them on display in his store and then give them away to a few lucky shoppers.Special fruits 3 (be)a status symbol in Japan, sort of like rare wines in the Western world. It's also customary to give high-quality fruits for some formal 4 (occasion)like weddings, business meetings or hospital visits. And there are specialized fruit shops selling only the rarest, most perfect products 5 are grown in special conditions to ensure they look and taste as good as possible.The 30 grapes 6 (buy)by the store owner were the first of the Ruby Roman variety harvested this season. They were the size of ping pong balls.To be worthy of the Ruby Roman label, grapes must not only weigh at least 20 grams 7 also have a sugar content of at least 18%. They were 8 (introduce)to the Japanese fruit market in 2008and their price has been going up 9 (sharp) ever since. Unsurprisingly, these grapes set a new record for the world's 10 (expensive) grapes. 2．阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.Over 2,200 years ago, Chengdu was threatened by frequent floods. Li Bing, together with his son. decided to construct an irrigation system on the Minjiang River 1 (prevent) flooding. 2 having a long study and a lot of hard work by the local people, the great Dujiangyan Irrigation System was completed. Since then, the Chengdu Plain 3 (be)free of flooding and the people have been living peacefully and wealthily. It is the 4 (old)and only surviving no-dam irrigation system in the world. It is also 5 wonder in the development of Chinese science. The project consists of three important parts, namely Yuzui, Feishayan and Baopingkou, which were 6 (science)designed to control the water flow of the rivers throughout the year.There is a glorious bridge called the Anlan Cable Bridge crossing the Minjiang Riverabove Yuzui, 7 you can clearly see the entire system. The great 8 (construct) originally started before the Song Dynasty. At that time, the body of the bridge was constructed with wooden blocks and the handrails(扶手) were made of bamboo. Recently the wood and bamboo have been replaced with steel and concrete to guarantee the security of 9 (visit) from home and abroad. Seen from afar, the bridge looks like a rainbow 10 (hang) over the river.3．阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.My interest in Chinese food started years ago, when I was a young reporter for the Washington Post. Our office wasn’t far from Chinatown, 1 I found some very good Chinese restaurants.That was the first time that I 2 (notice)the fresh taste of the meat and vegetables of Chinese food. When I learned more about the food, I began to understand why 3 has this special feature.Many years ago, china had 4 energy crisis because it lost much of its wood due to over population and poor management of its forests. This 5 (lose) was very bad for the country, of course, but it turned out to be very good for the food. Wood became very expensive and hard to get, so the Chinese had to either find a substitute for their 6 (value) wood, or learn how to use it better. There weren’t any substitutes so people found ways to economize.In order to economize in cooking, they had to use very little wood. So they started cutting their meat and vegetables 7 small pieces before they put them in the hot oil. That way, the food cooked 8 (fast)and they saved more fuel. The food 9 (prepare) in this way kept its fresh flavor and it’s this flavor 10 attracts people from other countries to the art of Chinese cooking.4．阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.World Read Aloud Day is celebrated each year on the first Wednesday of March. It 1 (start) by the website in 2010 and has now reached 65 countries. 2 aim is to encourage people worldwide who cannot read to enjoy the benefits of a book. Thewebsite asks everyone 3 (celebrate) the day by taking a book, finding an audience, and reading out aloud. It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write 4 (belong) to all people.The website asks visitors to join in the movement to reduce 5 number of illiterate (不识字的) people in the world. It is 6 (absolute) necessary to help those who cannot read. The website says, “It's time to start by reading aloud to 7 might like it. Share a book with a child who might need it, share a story with someone who would treasure it, listen patiently 8 someone else's story as they share with you.” The United Nations says, “Literacy involves a variety of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge, 9 to participate fully in society.” In that way, World Read Aloud Day does help make a 10 (different).5．阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.The Language of LoveMusic is a universal language, which has the most powerful magic in the world. Music is a sweet language to show love to those who love us and those who 1．__________(love) by us. Music is also a friendly language for unfamiliar people to show kindness. It is living everywhere and all the time in our daily life.I learned this while 2．__________(take)care of a seagull unfortunate enough to swallow a hook(挂钩). After calling the wildlife rescue center and learning that all its 3．___________(vehicle) were out on other business, I carefully 4．__________(wrap) the wild bird in a towel and carried him to my friend’s car. The only way 5．__________(keep) him calm was by singing. For 30 minutes, I sang 6．___________(soft)to the small creature until finally delivering him 7．___________ those who could help. I’m not certain 8．__________ happened afterward, but for that brief period, we two vastly different species connected, bridging 9．_________ gap between us through songs.10．___________ doesn’t matter whether there will be difficulties in communication, for love is always the theme of each piece of music.6．阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.I was in the seventh grade. In a school of 1 (main) white students, I didn’t fit in anywhere. I was one of the four Asia students, so I ended up hanging out with other 2 (minority). During every lunch period, I would play a card game with one of my closest friends, Evan and tell 3 everything.One afternoon, I was walking with Evan. As we turned a corner, Evan stopped 4 (talk) to me, “Why are you talking to me? I am not your friend.” Then he kept walking and never looked back. 5 (shock) by his words, I stood with tears in my eyes.We didn’t speak to each other after that, and I didn’t get close to anyone for fear of 6 (hurt) again. It wasn’t until in high school 7 I began to trust other people again. What Evan said that day made me realize that I could make friends but I must be careful in choosing 8 whom I open up.If that incident 9 (happen), I wouldn’t have made new friends in high school and met the people who 10 (be) my best friends now.7．阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.When treating some friends to dinner, we Chinese often say, “The dishes are not good. Please forgive me.” In fact, it is a Chinese way of 1 (be) modest. 2 he really means is that all the dishes here are really wonderful! What he really hopes is compliment from the guests! But 3 English would not understand it at all! Now that it is not very good, why should you present the dishes in front of us? The English would say to their guests “Enjoy yourselves!” when eating and “hope you’ve enjoyed!” after eating.While 4 (eat), we Chinese often say to the guests, “Eat slowly.” This would be very 5 (puzzle) to the foreigners: Am I eating very violently? Am I eating too 6 or too much?And now comes the end of the dinner when your guests 7 (leave). The Chinese would say, “Walk slowly!” This is a very polite saying in Chinese, but will also be confusing to the foreigners: why can’t I walk fast? Does it matter 8 I walk slowly or not? Are you worrying that I may fall over? 9 change your words 10 a simple “Bye!” or “See you next time!”8．阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.We often hear people say “You’ve a greater chance 1 (hit) by lightning.” It is used to describe something 2 (likely)to happen. However, 3 truth is that lightning strikes are the second most common cause of deaths among natural disasters in the US. The first is floods. Around 400 Americans are struck by lightning each year, of 4 about 70 people die. In fact, there are more deaths 5 (cause)by lightning than by tornadoes and hurricanes. And in India, at least 2,000 people 6 (kill)in lightning strikes since 2005.Because lightning kills only one or two people at a time, its danger does not receive as much attention 7 other disasters. The US has made June 22~28 National Lightning Safety Week, aiming to deepen the public’s 8 (understand)of the dangers of lightning and provide safety tips during thunderstorms.“If you hear thunder, you are in danger of lightning,” said Rocky Lopes, a disaster educator at the American Red Cross. “The most important thing is to seek a 9 (hide) place. If you are near wide, open places, move indoors as 10 (quick) as possible and stay there until after the storm has ended.”高考英语专题练习（十二）语法填空答案1．【答案】1．for2．to put3．are4．occasions5．that6．bought7．but8．Introduced9．sharply10．most expensive2．【答案】1．to prevent2．After3．has been4．oldest5．a6．scientifically7．where8．construction9．visitors10．hanging3．【答案】1．where2．had noticed 3．it4．an 5．loss 6．valuable 7．into 8．faster 9．prepared 10．that 4．【答案】1．was started 2．The/Its 3．to celebrate 4．belongs 5．the 6．absolutely 7．whoever 8．to 9．and 10．difference 5．【答案】1．are loved 2．taking 3．vehicles 4．wrapped 5．to keep 6．softly 7．to8．what9．the10．It6．【答案】1．mainly 2．minorities3．him4．to talk 5．Shocked6．being hurt7．that8．to9．hadn’t happened 10．are7．【答案】1．being2．What3．the4．eating 5．puzzling 6．quickly/fast7．will leave/are leaving 8．whether9．So10．for8．【答案】1．to be hit 2．unlikely3．the4．whom 5．caused 6．have been killed 7．as 8．understanding 9．hiding 10．quickly高考英语专题练习（十二）语法填空解析1．阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.4．occasions考查名词.此处指“场合”,是可数名词,根据some判断填occasions. 5．that考查定语从句.定语从句缺少主语,而先行词products前面有形容词最高级修饰,故填that.6．bought考查非谓语动词.分析句子结构可知此处是非谓语短语作后置定语,buy和grapes之间是被动关系,用过去分词,故填bought.7．but考查连词.根据句意判断前后两句是并列关系,“not only…but also”不但…而且. 8．introduced考查动词时态和语态.根据in 2008判断用一般过去时,从句意可知葡萄是被引进到日本,故填introduced.9．sharply考查副词.修饰动词用副词形式,故填sharply.10．most expensive考查形容词最高级.根据句意可知这些葡萄创下了世界上最贵葡萄的记录,故填most expensive.2．阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.4．oldest考查最高级.此处意为最古老的且仅存的无坝灌溉系统.5．a考查冠词.此处意为一个奇迹,泛指,用a.6．scientifically考查副词.此处为副词修饰动词design,故填scientifically. 7．where考查连词.此处为非限制性定语从句,句子缺少状语,先行词表地点,故用where.8．construction考查名词.根据句意此处填名词,故用construction.9．visitors考查名词.此处是指国内外的游客,用visitors.10．hanging考查非谓语动词.此处用非谓语,与逻辑主语rainbow之间是主动关系,用hanging.3．阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.3．此处用it指代前面的the food.4．energy以元音开头,“很多年前中国有一个能源危机”,故填an.5．根据句意可知此处缺主语,所以应该用名词形式,故填loss.6．形容词修饰名词,故填valuable有价值的.7．句意:把肉和蔬菜切成小块.根据句意可知填into.8．根据后面的more,可知此处用比较级,故填faster.9．此处是过去分词作后置定语,故填prepared.10．此处时强调句型,故填that.4．阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.【解析】1．考查动词的时态和语态. World Read Aloud Day在2010年由LitWorld. org发起.根据语境可知,此处需要用start的被动形式,又因时间状语是“in 2010”,故用一般过去时.2．考查形容词性物主代词或冠词.它的目的是鼓励全世界不能阅读的人享受一本书带来的好处.3．考查动词不定式. ask sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”,网站要求每个人通过拿本书、找到一位听众、大声阅读的方式来庆祝这个节日.4．考查主谓一致.这正是采取行动向世界表明阅读和写作的权利属于所有的人.根据句子成分可知,从句的主语为the right,故填belongs.5．考查冠词. the number of...是固定搭配,表示“……的数量”.6．考查词性转换.帮助那些不能阅读的人是完全有必要的.修饰形容词necessary,应用所给词的副词形式.5．阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.2．taking考查非谓语动词.根据句意“我学到以上这些是在我照看一只不够走运吞了挂钩的海鸥期间”可知,是我照看海鸥,此处take要用非谓语动词格式,它的逻辑主语是I,与I构成主动关系,还原完整的主谓结构应为“while I was taking care of…”,其省略形式为“while taking care of…”,因此答案为taking.3．vehicles考查名词.根据该空前面的all和后面were可知此处vehicle要用复数形式vehicles.4．wrapped考查时态,根据句意“我用毛巾细心地把这只鸟儿包住并带他上了我朋友的车”,整个事情都是对已发生的事情的描述,所以wrap要用一般过去时,这个单词为闭音节单词,后加ed 需双写p,因此答案为wrapped.5．to keep(of keeping记零分)考查非谓语动词.the way to do sth 为固定用法,因此此空答案为to keep.6．softly考查词性转换.根据句意“我柔声地对这个小不点唱着歌直到把他送给那些能够帮的上忙的人”,要用soft的副词形式修饰sang,因此答案为softly.7．to考查介词.根据语境,作者是把海鸥交付给能够帮忙的人,根据短语deliver something to somebody可知,此空答案为to.8．what考查宾语从句引导词.根据句意“我不确定后来发生了什么”和从句缺主语,可知此处宾语从句的连接词应为what.6．阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.【解析】1．mainly考查副词.此处是副词修饰形容词white,用mainly.2．minorities考查名词单复数.此处是指其它的少数人,用复数, minorities.3．him考查代词.根据句意此处是指Evan,男生,故用him.4．to talk考查固定用法. Stop to do:停下来做另一件事,此处是停止走路跟我说话,故用to talk.5．Shocked考查非谓语动词. Shock和逻辑主语I之间是被动关系,故用shocked.7．阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.4．eating句意:当吃饭时,我们中国人经常对客人说:“慢慢吃.”这里主从句主语一致,故从句省略主语,用eating.5．puzzling考察形容词,句意:对外国人来说,这是非常令人迷惑的.这里用形容词puzzling.6．quickly/fast考察副词,句意:“是我吃的太快还是太多了呢?”故这里用副词quickly/fast.7．will leave /are leaving 句意:当客人要离开时,中国人会说:“走慢点”.这里用将来时或者用进行时态表示将来,故will leave /are leaving.8．whether句意:我走的快或者慢要紧吗?whether…or not是否.9．So句意:因此,把你的词语变成一句简单的“再见”或者“下次见”.根据句意克制用so.10．for考查固定搭配. change for（把…）换成.8．阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.4．whom考查连词.此处为非限制性定语从句,指代前面的Americans,放在介词后,故用whom.5．caused考查非谓语动词.此处用非谓语,逻辑主语是deaths,和cause之间是被动关系,故用过去分词caused.6．have been killed考查语态时态.根据后面的时间状语since2005,可知时态为现在完成时,根据句意用被动,故填have been killed.7．as考查固定搭配.此处为固定搭配as……as……和……一样. 8．understanding考查名词.此处用名词,意为公众的理解,故填understanding. 9．hiding考查形容词.此处用形容词作定语,意为隐藏的,填hiding.10．quickly考查副词.此处为副词修饰动词,故改成quickly.。

五年2020-2024年新高考英语真题阅读理解之议论文分类汇编（全国通用）原卷版专题04 阅读理解之议论文年份卷别主题话题2024 2024新课标I卷人与社会数字阅读与纸质阅读2024全国甲卷人与社会小说结局引起的思考2021 2021新课标I卷人与自我情商的研究与期望2021全国甲卷人与自我天才有多种形式【题型解读】议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜密，常用难词、长词和复杂句，给我们的阅读理解带来一定难度。

议论文是运用逻辑推理和证明来阐述某一观点、看法和主张的文体。

这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。

议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。

论点是议论文的核心，即中心思想，是论据和论证的服务对象。

论据是作者所引用的用以支持和证明论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证或统计数据等。

论证是作者组织、运用论据的手法。

【题型特点】（1）主旨题：考查考生对于议论文基本观点的理解，是主旨题设题的目的。

做这种类型的题目要弄清作者想说什么，即作者写此文章的目的。

（2）推理判断题：这种题型的特点是以事实为依据，但其结果又绝不是事实本身。

它主要测试考生的逻辑思维能力，侧重于推理。

（3）细节题：细节题也是议论文试题的主要题型。

这种题要求考生理解文中的具体观点和具体事实。

（4）词义理解题。

英语词语的词意非常丰富，语境不同，词意也不同，要专心揣摩在上下文中的含义。

【解题策略】一、抓住论点找主旨。

阅读议论文最重要的是抓住文章的论点，找到文章的论点也就把握了文章的主旨。

一般来说，作者会在开头段落交代文章的论点，因此，细读文章首段尤为重要。

二、理清文章结构。

议论文一般采用“总分总”的结构，作者先给出论点，然后从不同方面（正面，反面）进行论证，最后给出总结或者自己的观点。

文章中会出现较为明显的转折，递进，并列或者归纳总结等的逻辑关系词。

考生在阅读时，要理清文章结构，找到论点的基础上进而理解作者给出的论据，突破细节理解题和推理判断题。