16字征服四六级汉译英之二：合理断并

2021年12月大学英语六级长难句翻译【篇一】2021年12月大学英语六级长难句翻译1. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大水准上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文]所以，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图化其利润的欲望和个人想化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。

3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。

16字征服四六级汉译英之一：合理断并汉语句子结构较为松散，存在许多流水句，句与句之间多用逗号来连接。

汉语中逗号的大量使用乃至随意使用给汉译英翻译带来很大困难。

我们注意到，不少考生索性将汉语原文中的逗号完全原封不动地转移到英译文之中，严重违背了英语作文的基本规范。

此外，汉语短句多且断句间往往不添加关联词以彰显逻辑关系，但译为英文时完全可以将某些汉语短句合并起来。

在实际汉英操作中，考生应在研读原文和考虑自身语言能力的基础上，首先做出是断还是并的决策。

以下分别就断句和并句提出一些方法。

一、断句（一）在原文主语变化处断句【例1】在明清期间，茶馆遍布全国，/饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，/如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一。

（CET-4:1312）【参考译文】In the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses spread all over the country. Tea drinking was introduced into Japan in the 6th century while it had not been introduced into Europe or the United States until the 18th century. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world.【解析】这是一个典型的流水句，类似句子在汉语中可谓俯拾皆是。

大体而言，原文可分为三个部分。

第一部分谈茶馆，第二部分谈饮茶这一习俗的对外传播，第三部分谈茶的现状。

鉴于此，可将这段中文处理为三个英文小句。

【例2】同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器也传遍各地，/欧洲也是通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需要。

（CET-6:13-12）【参考译文】Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain were also spread to the rest of the world through the Silk Road. And Europe exported all kinds of goods and plants through the Silk Roadto meet the needs of the Chinese market.【例3】许多人喜欢中餐，/在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。

How to Keep a Conversation Going & Never Run Out of Things to Say One of the BIGGEST problems you may face when trying to meet new friends is the awkward silence. Encountering this situation is so uncomfortable that it can even force you to avoid meeting new people in the first place, but there is a way to get around it. In the past, I I struggled with this so much that I thought it could never be solved. I even thought it had to do with my DNA or something… but I proved myself wrong when I learned how to solve it. Not knowing how to keep a conversation going can really harm your social life, but if you know how to keep those words flowing, you can meet, talk to, and get to know pretty much anyone you like—creating great possibilities for friendship, fun, and shared activities that you would otherwise have missed out on.Why You Run Out of Things to SayAfter studying this in depth, I found patterns of behavior that can keep you from making great conversation with people. One of these common behaviors is the habit of filtering—holding back from saying something until you’ve “checked” with yourself to make sure that what you’re about to say is cool, impressive, smart, and interesting. What does that do to your conversation ability? It kills it! Another problem is not learning to get in the mood for conversation. If you spent a whole day working or studying analytical or logical subjects, and you don’t know how to switch from that, then it can take a lot of time to warm up and start interacting with people socially. You can overcome this simply by learning a few new skills, such as the ones listed below. Once you do that, you’ll be able to talk to new people, and make friends, much more easily.How to Keep Conversations GoingLet’s get you started with a coupl e of basic, yet solid techniques on how to be agreat conversationalist:Conversation technique #1 No FilteringThis is the reflex that allows you to say whatever goes on in your mind. No filtering, no checking with yourself ”would I sound cool if I say this?”. None of that. The best way to practice this is to start doing it with people you kind of know—do you dare to try it? It’s fun to realize that you’re allowed to say whatever is on your mind, and no-one is going to judge you for it. As long as you don’t say anything that could land you in jail, you’re okay! People don’t care too much about how “awesome” what you’re saying is, because they’re too focused on how THEY are coming across. Get it? If so, let’s move on…Conversation technique #2 “Interesting, tell me more!”This works 99% of the time. It’s a surefire technique, and it works especially well for beginners. People love to know that you’re interested in what they have to say, so if you show some interest, they’ll hang around and want to talk to you even more. All of the “oh! that’s interesting…”, “Hmm, I’ve never heard of that”, “Hmm, cool!”expressions are reactionary bits of conversation that prove to the other person that you’re really listening, and that’s very flattering to them.Conversation technique #3 Stories from EverywhereEveryone knows that stories juice-up conversations, but most people only talk about stories their own lives. You don’t have to draw from your own experience when speaking with someone: you can use stories from anywhere, from stories that happened to people you know, to those you came across via the radio, TV, magazines, etc. How can you integrate the stories into your conversation? The key is to first realize that you can use them. You’ve already heard them, and t he more interesting or weird they are, the harderthey are to forget, so you’re all good. Your brain doesn’t lose them. When someone mentions something related to any of them, just tell the story, even if it’s not from your life. It can be any silly story, short or long, interesting, or totally awkward—just use it! People love talking to people who can just share stuff openly like that. These techniques should get you started, but if you want to take it to an advanced level—to the point where you can just have fun when talking to anyone, meet the right people you want in your life, and be able to make friends with them fast—then I recommend that you take a little time to learn more about how conversations work. If you do that, you’ll make conversations far more interesting, with natural ease, avoiding all awkward silences that might prevent you from meeting the right friends that you would love to have around.。

如何使我们不为穷人的存在而疚1.我想认真地思考人类最古老的一种活动，这项活动持续了多年，实际上已经超过了几个世纪，那就是尝试怎样使我们不为穷人的存在而疚。

2.贫穷和富有从一开始就共生在一起，彼此很不愉快有时还充满危险。

普鲁塔克说：“贫富失衡乃政体最致命的宿疾。

”富有和贫穷持续共存产生的问题，特别是如何证明在其他人还贫穷时我们富有是有道理的这一问题。

成为有思想有学问的人几百年来孜孜不倦地思考探索的问题。

3.《圣经》提出了最初的解决之道：在现世遭受贫穷的人来世会得到更好的回报。

他们的贫穷是暂时的灾难：如果贫穷但却能顺从，他们将来就会成为世界的主人。

在某种程度上这就是最理想的解决方法。

这样一来，富人就可以一边嫉妒穷人的美好前途一边享受他们的财富。

4.很长时间之后，即在1776年《国富论》发表二三十年之后——在英国工业革命开始之后——贫穷不均的问题及其解决办法开始具有了现代的形式。

杰里米•本瑟姆，这位与亚当•斯密几乎是同时代的人，提出了这样一种准则，在某种程度上，美国人认为这一准则在英国几乎50年来一直影响显著，这就是实用主义学说。

“通过实用的原则，”本瑟姆在1789年指出，“也就是在每次行动中，依照政党各方利益受影响的好坏趋势，来赞同刚或则否决该项行动的原则。

”实用，实际上一定是以自我为中心的。

然而，社会中只有少数人拥有大量财富，却有更多人没有财富。

只要遵循本瑟姆的——“最大的利益给最多的人”，就能够解决社会问题。

社会尽力满足更多人的利益，然而对于那些利益没有被满足的人来说，这个结果是悲哀的。

5.在19世纪30年代，一种新的准则成为使我们不为穷人的存在感到疚的有效办法，迄今为止它的影响也丝毫没有减弱。

这是与股票家戴维•里卡多和托马斯•罗伯特•马尔萨斯神父联系在一起的。

它的本质很为人们所熟悉：穷人的贫穷是他们自己的错误。

贫穷是他们过度生育的结果。

很遗憾，他们不能控制性欲，过度生育把地球具有的养活人口的能力推向极限。

2021年12月大学英语四六级翻译黄金必做13句2021年12月大学英语四六级翻译黄金必做13句，更多关于英语四六级考试技巧等信息，请访问本店铺。

1. 人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。

方法1：第一步：人们【常】(用)剪纸【美化居家环境】。

第二步：Peopleoften use paper cutting to beautify their living environment.方法2：第一步：人们【常用剪纸】(美化)居家环境。

第二步：Peopleoften beautify their houses with paper cutting.说明：第一道题，我们就用了两种种方式来解读一句话，也告诉大家翻译非常灵活，希望大家学会一些变通手段。

2.中国应该进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电数的2%。

第一步：中国(应该)【进一步】(发展)核能，因为核电【目前】【只】(占)【其总发电数的】2%。

第二步：主干：China should develop its nuclear energy, because itsnuclear power accounts for 2% of________.总发电数：total generating capacity完整：China should further develop its nuclear energy, because its nuclear power currently accounts for only 2% of its total generating capacity.说明：这道题告诉大家，积累词汇非常重要!如果真的不知道总发电数，只能写成total electricity，尽管不准确，但是评卷是不会因此扣去很多分数，评卷的分数只要依赖于译文的整体印象。

3.为了促进教育公平，中国已经投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育。

英语作文写作及翻译老师笔记（四六级考试）1.今天的能源公司极为在乎形象，他们会不余遗力地避免关于破坏环境的不利报道。

Energy companies today are extremely image-conscious（1.在乎形象）and go out of their way to （2.不余遗力地）avoid bad publicity （3.不利报道）over environmental damage.1- image-conscious词典释义：image['ɪm.ɪdʒ] nouncountable or uncountable■the way that something or someone is thought of byother people （他人心中的）形象，印象；声誉•The aim is to improve the public image of the police.目的在于改善员警的公众形象。

•The company has made strenuous attempts to improveits image in recent years.公司近年来作出了极大的努力来改善自身形象。

•He's terribly image -conscious (= tries to dress andbehave in a way that other people will admire).他非常在意自己的形象。

外刊例句：An increasing number of image-conscious properties havebegun connecting the dots between unbylined write-upsthat appear on such popular travel sites as TripAdvisor orYelp, and your personal information, such as your loyaltyprogram preferences. （）越来越多在意形象的酒店开始把诸如TripAdvisor和Yelp等著名旅游网站的匿名评论与顾客的个人信息（比如对于忠诚计划的喜好）联系在一起。

1.poverty-relief扶贫2. China's current poverty line中国现行贫困标准3.Personal per capita disposable income全国居民人均可支配收4.people living in poverty in rural areas 农村贫困人口5. people relocated from inhospitable areas易地扶贫搬迁人口6. homes in rundown urban areas棚户区住房7. dilapidated rural houses农村危房8. living standards生活水平9. fight against poverty脱贫攻坚10. the poverty headcount ratio/the incidence of poverty贫困发生率11. The threshold for individual income tax个人所得税起征点12. special additional deduction专项附加扣除13.strengthen the economic foundation, enhance sustainability, and improve people’s lives 强基础、增后劲、惠民生14. people-centered development philosophy人民为中心15. international poverty line国际贫困标准16. working mechanism with central government responsible for overall planning, provincial-level governments assuming overall responsibility, and city and county governments responsible for program implementation.中央统筹、省负总责、市县抓落实的工作机制17. rural residents living in poverty农村贫困人口18. contiguous areas of extreme poverty集中连片特困地区19. the domestic and overseas export of labor劳务输出20. building the self-development capacity增强自我发展能力21. mechanisms for coordinating poverty reduction扶贫协作机制22. The system for ensuring responsibility is taken for poverty elimination脱贫攻坚责任制23. evaluations and assessment评估考核24. wellbeing of the people民生25. three-year renovation plan to address housing in rundown urban areas三年棚改攻坚计划26.public-rental housing units 公租房27. dilapidated houses built of such materials as beaten earth, and timber and bark破旧泥草房、土坯房、树皮房等危房28. eligible houseless first-time workers符合条件的新就业无房职工29. housing rental market住房租赁市场30. shared ownership housing共有产权住房31. the three critical battles三大攻坚战32. structural deleveraging结构性去杠杆33. shake off poverty脱贫34.manipulation of numbers in poverty elimination work 数字脱贫35. development-oriented poverty alleviation开发式扶贫36. guarantee their basic standards of living by improving various assurance programs完善各项保障制度来保障基本生活37. increase the supply of elderly care services增加养老服务供给38. raise the accessibility of medical services增强医疗服务的便利性39. far-flung areas边远地区40. the gap between the rich and the poor贫富差距41. Adequate food and clothing温饱42. absolute poverty standard 绝对贫困标准43.hamper overall economic development妨碍总体经济发展44.aggravate social contradictions加剧社会矛盾45.impoverished mountainous area贫困山区46. regional disparity地区差异47. illiteracy rate 文盲率48. low per capita income人均收入低49. The income gap further widens.收入差距进一步扩大50.targeted poverty reduction and alleviation精准扶贫精准脱贫51. strengthen rural compulsory education加强农村义务教育52. targeted poverty alleviation精准扶贫53. take advantage of local resources 利用本地资源54. step up infrastructure construction加强基础设施建设55. rural tourism乡村旅游56. new rural construction新农村建设。

合并译法是汉译英中的一种重要技术手段，是指将原文中的两个或多个成分合而为一进行翻译。

通过合并译法，可以更好地保持原文的信息完整性和语言特色，同时也能使译文更加流畅自然。

在实际翻译中，合并译法被广泛运用，并且有着多种不同的表现形式。

本文将从三个方面探讨合并译法在汉译英中的具体运用。

一、合并表示时间、地点和方式的短语在汉语中，表示时间、地点和方式的短语往往较为复杂，包含了多个成分。

在翻译时，可以采用合并译法将这些成分合而为一，以达到简洁明了的效果。

例如：1. 原文：他在昨天的会议上发表了重要讲话。

译文：He made an important speech at yesterday's meeting.2. 原文：她以开朗的方式对待每一个挑战。

译文：She approached every challenge in a cheerful manner. 二、合并主谓结构中的定语和状语在汉语中，定语和状语往往出现在主谓结构中，翻译时可以将其合并到主谓结构中，以提高译文的连贯性和流畅度。

例如：1. 原文：这些问题对我们的工作产生了严重影响。

译文：These problems have had a serious impact on our work.2. 原文：他以非常积极的态度应对了各种困难。

译文：He has dealt with various difficulties in a highly positive manner.三、合并句子成分中的并列结构在汉译英中，有时可以将句子成分中的并列结构合并为一个整体进行翻译，以简化表达并提高语言流畅度。

例如：1. 原文：他既是一名科学家，也是一位教育家。

译文：He is both a scientist and an educator.2. 原文：她不仅是一位演员，还是一名导演。

译文：She is not only an actress but also a director.通过以上三个方面的具体分析，可以看出合并译法在汉译英中的重要性和灵活性。

1.中国有14.04亿人,是世界上人口最多的国家。

China is the world's most populous country, with a population of around 1.404 billion.2.中国国土面积约960万平方公里,陆地面积位居世界第二位。

Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres (3.7 million square miles), it is the world's second-largest state by land area.3.中国下辖22个省,5个自治区和4个直辖市以及香港和澳门特别行政区,对台湾拥有主权。

It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities and the Special Administrative Regions Hong Kong and Macau, also claiming sovereignty over Taiwan.4.中国在华北平原肥沃的黄河盆地成为了世界上最早的文明古国之一。

China emerged as one of the world's earliest civilizations in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain.5.自那时起,中国历经多次领土扩张,分裂和重新统一。

Since then, China has expanded, fractured, and re-unified numerous times.6.自从1978年实行经济改革以来,中国的经济增速一直位居世界前列。