提单(bill of lading)中英文简介

式样9-11 海运提单BILL OF LADING1) S HIPPER 托运人10)B/L NO.2) CONSIGNEE 收货人3) N OTIFY PARTY 通知人C O S C O中国远洋运输（集团）总公司4) P LACE OF RECEIPT 收货地5) O CEAN VESSEL 船名CHINA OCEANSHIPPING(GROUP)CO.6) V OYAGE NO. 船名航次7)PORT OF LOADING 装运港ORIGINALCOMBINED TRANPORT BILL OF LADING8) PORT OF DISCHARGE 卸货港9) PLACE OF DELIVERY 目的港11)MARKS 唛头12)NOS.&KINDS OF PKGS 包装与件数13)DESCRIPTION OF GOODS 商品名称14)G.W.(kg) 毛重和体积15)MEAS(m3)16)TOTAL NUMBER OF CONTAINERS OR PACKAGES(IN WORDS) 总件数FREIGHT & REVENUE TONS RATE PER PREPAID COLLECTCHARGES 计费吨数价格预付到付运费支付PREPAID AT 预付PAYABLE AT 应付17)PLACE AND DATE OF ISSUE签发地点与日期TOTAL PREPAID 18)NUMBER OF ORIGINAL B(S)L总额预付正本提单份数LOADING ON BOARD THE VESSEL 20)BY19)DATE海运提单主要项目填制说明如下：1、托运人（Shipper ）。

即与承运人签订运输契约，委托运输的货主，即发货人。

在信用证支付方式下，一般以受益人为托运人；托收方式以托收的委托人为托运人。

另外，根据《UCP500 》第31 条规定：除非信用证另有规定，银行将接受表明以信用证受益人以外的第三者为发货人的运输单据。

Bill of Lading提单B/L is the short form of Bill of Lading which is one of the most important documents in international business. A Bill of Lading represents both a receipt for goods shipped and a contract for shipment between the shipping company and the shipper. It is also a document of entitlement to the goods, giving the holder or the assignee the right to possess the goods. It is issued and signed by a shipping company or its authorized agent.B/L是Bill of Lading的缩写形式，是在国际贸易中最重要的单据之一。

提单既作为承运货物的收据，又代表承运人和托运人之间的运输合同。

它也是货物所有权的证件，因而给予持有人或受让人提货的权力。

它由承运人或其授权代理签署。

1. The main functions of a B/L 提单的主要作用1. It is a cargo receipt made out by the ship owner; 它是船方填制的货物收据；2. It is the evidence of a contract of carriage between the consignor andthe shipping company; 是托运人与承运人间的运输合同证明；3. B/L is a document of title to the goods. 是货物所有权证明单据。

提单英语词汇提单英语及英文模板提单（Bill of Lading）是国际贸易中常用的一种运输凭证，用来确认货物的交付和接收。

以下是提单英语词汇和一个提单的英文模板（附带翻译）：1. Terms and Conditions - 条款和条件2. Description of Goods - 货物描述3. Shipper - 发货人4. Consignee - 收货人5. Carrier - 承运人6. Port of Loading - 装货港口7. Port of Discharge - 卸货港口8. Vessel - 船舶9. Container Number - 集装箱编号10. Gross Weight - 毛重11. Net Weight - 净重12. Measurement - 体积13. Freight Charges - 运费14. Freight Prepaid - 运费预付15. Freight Collect - 运费到付以下是一个提单的英文模板，其中括号中是翻译：Bill of Lading (提单)Shipper: [Name and Address] (发货人：[姓名和地址])Consignee: [Name and Address] (收货人：[姓名和地址])Carrier: [Name and Address] (承运人：[姓名和地址])Vessel: [Name of Vessel] (船舶：[船名])Port of Loading: [Port Name] (装货港口：[港口名])Port of Discharge: [Port Name] (卸货港口：[港口名])Container Number: [Container Number] (集装箱编号：[集装箱编号])Gross Weight: [Weight] (毛重：[重量])Net Weight: [Weight] (净重：[重量])Measurement: [Measurement] (体积：[体积])Freight Charges: [Amount] (运费：[金额])Freight Prepaid (运费预付)Freight Collect (运费到付)。

货主领取D/O之后，说明船公司已经把货物放给货主了。

Bill of Lading -IntroductionWhen discussing Bills of Lading, we must distinguish between a carrier B/L (B/L) and a House B/L (HBL). Please see separate chapter for HBL.In Maersk Logistics, we do not issue carrier Bills of Lading. Only Ocean Carriers (also known as VOCCs or shipping lines) can issue a carrier B/L.In the old days, the Bill of Lading was a document issued by the captain of the vessel for goods carried onboard his vessel. This is not practical today where instead the document is issued by an agent acting on behalf of the captain.Maersk Sealand’s offices around the world have been empowered to sign Bills of Lading on behalf of “the captain” (the principal carrier).Bill of Lading - Issuing PartyThe B/L is issued by an ocean carrier, also known as a VOCC（船公司，有船公共承运人） (vessel-operating common carrier) or shipping line（航运公司）.Maersk Sealand（马士基海陆有限公司）, being a VOCC, issues Bs/L for goods shipped onboard their vessels.Bill of Lading – FunctionsBasically, a Bill of Lading has 3 functions:1. A receipt （收据）for the cargo2. A document of title3. Evidence of a contract of carriage1. Receipt for cargoThe B/L is a receipt by the carrier that the goods are in his custody（保管）. The B/L acts as a receipt between the shipper and the carrier until such time as title has been passed to a third party (the consignee). Then it becomes an independent contract between the carrier and the third party. The thirdparty assumes（接管，承担） the rights, responsibilities and obligations identical （同一的，完全相同的）to those of the shipper.2. Evidence of contract of carriageIt is common to hear the B/L referred to as the ‘contract of carriage’. However, the contract of carriageis always the underlying（基本的） agreement between the carrier and the customer to carry his goods. The B/L is merely evidence of this.The B/L evidences a contract of carriage between the ocean carrier and the shipper/consignee in theB/L.Also see: Evidence of contract of carriage in the Glossary（词汇表）.3. Document of Title（物权凭证，所有权凭证）A B/L is a Document of Title. This means that the legal right (the title) to the goods covered by the B/L can pass from one party to another by means of endorsements （背书）(please see explanation below). The carrier will only release the goods at destination to a rightful holder of a duly endorsed（提单可以适当背书） original Bill of Lading.At the time the B/L is issued, the shipper will advise the carrier who the B/L should be consigned（交付） to - I.e. who the Consignee on the B/L is.The shipper can choose to consign the B/L in different ways:a. Full name and address of an individual or companyb. “TO ORDER” (of shipper)c. “TO ORDER OF [bank]” - example: To order of Dubai Bankd. “TO ORDER OF [company]” - example: To order of Toy Trader Ltd.e. “TO ORDER OF [individual]” - example: To order of Gary Jensen, Street, City“To order” means that the party can transfer their rights as consignee to another party by endorsing the B/L.3a. EndorsementAn endorsement is a signature (and company stamp) on the B/L (and preferably also a clear written statement that the B/L is being endorsed to “Company XYZ”). The endorsement is written on the original B/L document by the party who is shown as the consignee on the B/L but now wishes to transfer this right to another party.When obtaining the endorsed B/L, the new consignee now assumes all rights, obligations and responsibilities that were previously vested in the first consignee. This also includes the right to transfer the B/L to yet another party by adding a new endorsement on the B/L document. In this way, a chain of endorsements may take place.The Ocean Carrier （海运承运人）will check the endorsements on the original B/L document before releasing the goods at destination. As you can see, it is not always the first consignee (as printed on the B/L when it was issued) that actually take delivery of the goods at destination.Because of this function ad Document of Title, a B/L is often referred to as a “negotiable”（可转让的）document but “transferable” is actually the more correct term.Bill of Lading - Originals and CopiesThe fact that the carrier B/L functions as Document of Title places great importance on the B/L document. All parties involved (shipper, consignee and carrier) rely on the document to decide who can take delivery of the goods at destination.The carrier will normally print a B/L document in 3 originals and a reasonable number of copies. It is only an Original B/L document that can be transferred to another party. The copies may be pre-printed ‘Copy’ or ‘Non-Negotiable’. Both are non-transferable.Although 3 originals have been issued, the carrier will release the goods at destination to whoever presents one duly and properly endorsed original B/LNow you may think: “But what if the shipper （托运人，发货人，货主）sells the goods twice and endorses two of the original Bs/L to two different parties?”The carrier must exercise due care to check that the B/L is properly endorsed to the party who submits （提交）it. If this is the case and the carrier is in good faith, he can release the goods. The change of ownership of the cargo is a matter between the seller and the buyer only. The carrier is not involved. If the seller has sold the goods twice, it is a matter between the seller and the two buyers.Bill of Lading - Carrier’s responsibilityThe three main areas of responsibility of the carrier under a B/L are:1. Responsibility for correct description of the goods2. Responsibility to release the goods to the properly entitled party at the proper location3. Responsibility to care for the cargo while it is in the carrier’s custody1. Responsibility for correct description of the goodsAny third party buyer may purchase goods by relying on the description of the goods in the B/L (quantity, condition, etc.).The description of the goods on the B/L is usually supplied by the shipper or his agent. (The carrier will not know what is inside a container or carton packed by the shipper). It is however essential that if the carrier knows that the description of the goods supplied by the shipper is not correct (for example that cartons are damaged), the carrier clearly notes the discrepancy（不符，相差） on the B/L or refuses to accept the cargo and issue the B/L.If the carrier does not note the discrepancy on the B/L, the carrier “steps into the shoes” of the shipper and assumes responsibility, on behalf of the shipper, to the buyer of the goods. This means that if there was a dispute between the carrier and the buyer of the goods, the buyer could file a claim against the carrier. The carrier would need to file claim against the shipper but may not be able to prove that the goods were not received as stated in the B/L.2. Responsibility to release the goods to the properly entitled party at the proper locationWhoever presents a duly and properly endorsed B/L at the correct destination is entitled to take delivery of the goods.The carrier receiving a B/L and being satisfied that the proper endorsement is in place, when releasing the goods, is relieved of any responsibility should it later appear that the B/L holder was in fact not the proper receiver.The carrier must of course also ensure that the person who submits the B/L and take delivery of the goods is a representative of the consignee (e.g. an employee or an agent of the company to whom the B/L has been consigned).Release of the cargo without receipt of a properly endorsed B/L compromises the carrier’s responsibility towards the true owner of the goods. This may expose the carrier to unlimited liability（责任）inclusive（包括） of consequential(间接的) damages. In other words, the carrier may be required to compensate（赔偿） the rightful consignee not only for the value of the goods but potentially also for additional costs such as loss of sales profits.If the carrier is in doubt about who the rightful owner of the B/L is, e.g. because there has been a chain of endorsements and the carrier is not familiar with all signatures and stamps of the intermediate consignees, the carrier should in principle contact these parties to check. The carrier may can also contact the shipper and/or the notify（通知） party on the B/L to hear their views.2a. Release at different destinationIf the release of the goods is requested at a destination different from the one mentioned on the B/L, the carrier should first receive the full set of Bs/L (all originals) for the particular shipment.The full set of an issued B/L has an intended destination. Since release is possible against any one of the Bills of Lading in a set, then only by receiving all the issued originals can the carrier assure himself that no other lawful holder of an original B/L can present the B/L at the B/L destination and rightfully claim title to the goods.2b. Release of goods without original B/L or issuance of a new set of BillsIt is a critical situation when the full set of original Bills are lost. By releasing the goods without obtaining a duly endorsed original B/L, the carrier will expose themselves to unlimited liability, incl. consequential damages, in case a rightful holder of the B/L later turns up and expects to receive the cargo. On the other hand, the consignee may in fact be the legal owner of the goods after having paid the shipper and the carrier will be under pressure from the consignee to release the goods as soon as possible.In such a situation, the carrier will typically ask both the shipper and the consignee to confirm that they agree to the issuance of a new set of bills or release of goods without the bills. In addition, the party who has asked for a new set of bills (the shipper or the consignee), or has asked to have the goods released (the consignee), is asked to sign a Letter of Indemnity (LOI) and this must be backed up by a first class bank guarantee which is valid for a minimum of 6 years or whatever the B/L filing period is in that country. The process must be approved and release signed off by appropriate management.It is a commercial decision by the carrier whether they will release the goods on this basis or not.3.Responsibility to care for the cargo while in the carrier’s custodyThe duty of care of the goods is both regulated in law and is based on common sense. If the goods arrive damaged at destination and no note has been made on the B/L regarding the condition of the cargo, it is the carrier’s responsibility.If the carrier wants to claim against the shipper, it is the carrier’s responsibility to prove that the goods were not damaged while in his custody.Bill of Lading – AmendmentWhen a shipper requests an amendment to a B/L which has already been printed and issued, the carrier must make a judgment of the request and decide if the B/L can be amended accordingly.The carrier must ensure that the full set of original Bs/L are returned (if 3 originals were issued, 3 originals should be returned for amendment) and ensure that the description of the goods is still correct.If a shipper requests a completely new set of Bs/L, this is considered an amendment and the full set of originals must be surrendered. If the shipper or consignee is not able to produce the full set of originals, the carrier should not issue a new set. If the customer insists, the carrier must make a judgment of the commercial risk and may decide that a new set can be issued. In such case, the first set of Bs/L will be considered lost.You must ensure to check local procedures for this.Bill of Lading - Cargo DescriptionCargo descriptionThe transport provider cannot physically verify the contents of the cartons and packages received from the shipper. For legal reasons, the description of the goods must therefore always include the wording “Said To Contain” or “S.T.C.” to signify that the transport provider is relying on the description of the goods supplied by the shipper. Example: S.T.C. 1020 cartons of CD players.If the carrier knows that the description of the goods supplied by the shipper is not correct (for example that cartons are damaged), the carrier should note the discrepancy on the B/L or refuse to accept the cargo and issue the B/L.No. of packagesIf cargo is lost during transit, it is the number of units as stated in the “no. of pkgs” field that will be used for calculation of potential compensation to the owner. For this reason, this field should always reflect the smallest number of shipping units. Example 1 (FCL container): “1 x 20’ STD” instead of “500 cartons”. Example 2 (LCL shipment): “5 pallets” instead of “50 cartons”.ClausesThe transport provider should insert the clause “Shipper’s load, stow and count” if the customer is loading the container at his premises.“Shipped onboard” must only be used when the document is issued after vessel sailing. If the customer wants the document issued before vessel sailing, the clause “Received for shipment” is used instead.Most carriers will not insert the clause “Clean onboard” on the Bill. Even for LCL-shipments where they are physically handling the cartons, they cannot check the quality and condition of the merchandise inside the cartons.Clean B/L without notations of damages or shortcomingsThe buyer or the bank (Letter of Credit) sometimes demands a so-called “clean B/L” which means a B/L without any notes of damages or shortcomings at the time of loading. This sometimes creates problems between the carrier and the shipper, who in spite of damage or other discrepancy to the cargo wants the shipping line to incorrectly issue a “Clean B/L” against a letter of indemnity from the shipper or a bank guarantee. Such indemnities are not allowed under the international conventions that governsBs/L and if brought to court will not be upheld. Therefore the carrier should not issue “Clean” Bs/L if this is not the correct cargo description.24-hour manifest rule (U.S. customs)You may have heard about the 24-hour manifest rule established by U.S. Customs and its requirements regarding description of goods - for example that “S.T.C.” is not allowed and that the cargo description must be very specific (i.e. “general merchandise” and other general cargo descriptions are not allowed). For the purpose of transport documentation, you should be aware that the U.S. Customs rules relate to the vessel manifest, not the printed Bill of Lading or Waybill document. The vessel manifest is used for customs purposes. The printed Bill or Waybill is used for legal and commercial purposes.Bill of Lading - Document DateThe date of the B/L must be the date on which it is actually issued, irrespective of the date the cargo was received or loaded, however not earlier than the date the cargo was received or loaded respectively.For a “Shipped on Board” B/L, the date cannot be earlier than the date the cargo was actually loaded on board the first vessel or conveyance mentioned in the document.For a “Received for Shipment” B/L, the date cannot be earlier than the date the cargo was actually received at the place of receipt or load port mentioned in the document.Sometimes, a shipper will request a carrier to issue the B/L with earlier or later dates in order to comply with time restrictions in the shipper’s Letter of Credit. The carrier is not obliged to do so and should not do so. It would be considered an attempt to defraud the buyer.Bill of Lading - Freight paymentThe charges payable at origin (usually by the shipper) are called “prepaid”. The charges payable at destination (usually by the consignee) are called “collect”.In order to secure payment, the carrier will usually not release the original B/L document to the shipper before he has paid all prepaid charges.At destination, the carrier will usually not release the goods until all freight charges are paid (even when a duly endorsed B/L is presented).It is a commercial decision by the carrier whether they wish to grant the shipper and/or consignee credit. If credit has been granted, the carrier will release the goods and expect the freight and other costs to be paid within the agreed time.The shipper is responsible for advising the carrier which charges are prepaid and collect. If the carrier is in doubt whether the consignee will pay for the collect charges, he may check with the consignee before accepting the shipment.In some areas of the world, from where there is a great risk and/or cost for the carrier to ship cargo, the carrier may require that all charges are prepaid.Bill of Lading – FilingAfter collecting the original B/L and releasing the goods, the carrier should stamp the original B/L “accomplished” (or similar).The carrier must then file the original B/L for at least 6 years according to international and domestic regulations. Local legislation may require a longer filing period.Bill of Lading - Why use this document?When buying goods internationally, there is a distance between the buyer and the seller. The exchange of goods and the payment for the goods therefore cannot take place at the same time. The seller wants to ensure that he does not transfer ownership of the goods without receiving payment, and the buyer wants to make sure that he does not pay without getting ownership of the goods that he was expecting.The seller uses the B/L as proof that he has delivered the goods for shipment at the agreed place. The B/L also confirms the quantity and apparent condition of the goods in the B/L.When a B/L is issued (a document of title), the carrier will only release the goods at destination to the party who can present an original B/L that covers the goods. The B/L becomes the “key to the cargo”. When the buyer has paid for the goods, the seller will transfer the original Bs/L to the buyer. If the buyer does not pay for the goods, the seller can keep the original Bs/L and in this way control that the buyer does not receive the goods from the carrier. (In some cases, the buyer will require to receive the originals before paying).In cases where the payment for the goods is facilitated by a bank through a Letter of Credit, the bank at origin may require that they obtain title to the goods in the period between paying the seller and obtaining payment from the buyer or the buyer’s bank. This is why the B/L is sometimes consigned “to order of [bank]”. If it happened that the buyer could not pay for the goods after all, the bank would be able to recover some of their loss by selling the goods.In other cases, the B/L is used because goods are sold during transit and there is a need to have a negotiable/transferable document to cover the shipment. The original consignee will endorse the B/L to the new consignee who can then obtain release of the goods.It is important to note that although the B/L is used to facilitate the payment of goods between seller and buyer, the carrier does NOT take part in the change of ownership of goods. This is only a matter between the seller and the buyer. The carrier follows the rules and obligations as stated in the B/L and contract of carriage (ships and releases goods in accordance herewith).Bill of Lading - the role of Maersk LogisticsIn Maersk Logistics we do not issue carrier Bills of Lading. However, we work with the carriers either on behalf of the clients (when we are acting as agents on behalf of the shipper or the consignee and the customer has agreed freight rates and other terms and conditions directly with the carrier) or as customers (when we are acting as NVOCC and have sub-contracted our shipments to the carrier). Scenario 1: Acting as agent on behalf of a shipper or consigneeWhen acting as agent on behalf of our customers, the carrier B/L evidences a contract of carriage between the carrier and our customer. Maersk Logistics is not a party to the contract under the B/L although we are performing freight forwarding services on behalf of our client.In this scenario, we usually book the cargo with the carrier chosen by our customer, arrange containers to be loaded/consolidated and brought to the carrier’s terminal, co-ordinate the issuance of documents and check the documents issued by the carrier. We may also pay the carrier charges on behalf of our customer and invoice him accordingly. At destination, we may co-ordinate the release and delivery of the container and arrange customs clearance on behalf of our client.Scenario 2: Acting as NVOCCWhen acting as NVOCC, Maersk Logistics is the customer of the carrier. We therefore book our shipments with the carrier, deliver the goods in our name, provide shipper’s instructions, pay freight charges to the carrier and obtain release of the goods at destination based on the B/L which is issued between us and the carrier.Bill of Lading - Difference between B/L and SWB1. In which areas are the B/L and the SWB the same?- They both function as a Receipt for cargo and Evidence of contract of carriage- They both contain details about the shipment such as shipper, consignee, vessel, place of delivery, cargo description and date- They must not be issued with a date different than the true issuance date / onboard date- They are issued by the ocean carrier (VOCC)- They obligate the carrier to ensure correct description of the goods- They obligate the carrier to care for the cargo while in his custody- They obligate the carrier to ensure that he releases the goods to the correctly entitled party at destination2. In which areas are the B/L and the SWB different?- The B/L is a document of title. The Sea Waybill is NOT.- A SWB cannot be consigned “to order”, it must always state a consignee.- The B/L is printed in sets of originals and copies (often 3 originals).A SWB is only printed as copies.-The carrier does not require an original SWB in order to release the goods at destinationBill of Lading - Difference between B/L and HBL1. In which areas are the carrier B/L and the House B/L the same?- They have the same functions: A receipt for cargo, A document of title, Evidence of contract of carriage- They can both be endorsed to another party if the document is consigned “to order” or “to order of [name/company]”- They must not be issued with an onboard date different than the true onboard date- They are both issued in a set of (usually) 3 originals and a reasonable number of copies- They often have the same format and fields- They obligate the issuing party to ensure correct description of the goods- They obligate the issuing party to care for the cargo while in his custody- They obligate the issuing party to ensure that the goods are released to the correctly entitled party at destination2. In which areas are the carrier B/L and the House B/L different?- The HBL is issued by the NVOCC who does not operate vessels.The B/L is issued by a VOCC.- The HBL evidences a contract between the NVOCC and his customer. The B/L evidences acontract between the carrier and his customer.- Maersk Logistics can issue HBL. We cannot issue carrier B/L.。

1)提单BILL OF LADING是指一种用以证明海上运输合同和货物由承运人接管或装船，以及承运人据以保证在目的港交付的单证。

2)货运提单HOUSE B/L是指由货运代理人签发的提单。

货运提单往往是货物从内陆运出并运至内陆时签发的。

国际货代通常都使用此种提单。

一般货代为满足客户的倒签或其他船东无法满足的要求时也使用这种提单。

3)船东提单MASTER B/L是指由船东签发的提单。

4)已装船提单SHIPPED OR BOARD B/L指承运人向托运人签发的货物已经装船的提单。

5)收货待运提单或待运提单RECEIVED FOR SHIPPING B/L指承运人虽已收到货物但尚未装船时签发的提单。

6)直达提单DIRECT B/L指货物自装货港装船后，中途不经换船直接驶到卸货港卸货而签发的提单。

8)联运提单或称转船提单THROUGH B/L指承运人在装货港签发的中途得以转船运输而至目的港的提单。

9)多式联运提单MT B/L指货物由海上、内河、铁路、公路、航空等两种或多种运输方式进行联合运输而签的适用于全程运输的提单。

10)班轮提单LINER B/L班轮是在一定的航线上按照公布的时间表，在规定的港口间连续从事货运的船舶。

班轮可分定线定期和定线不定期两种。

11)租船合同提单CHARTER PARTY B/L一般指用租船承运租船人的全部货物，船东签给租船人的提单，或者并非全部装运租船人的货物，而由船东或租船人所签发的提单。

12)记名提单STRAIGHT B/L是指只有提单上指名的收货人可以提货的提单，一般不具备流通性。

13)指示提单ORDER B/L通常有未列名指示（仅写ORDER），列名指示（ORDER OF SHIPPER 或ORDER OF CONSIGNEE**COMPANY；ORDER OF **BANK）。

此种提单通过指示人背书后可以转让。

14)不记名提单BLANK B/L 或OPEN B/L提单内没有任何收货人或ORDER 字样，即提单的任何持有人都有权提货。

海运提单主要项目填制说明如下：1、托运人（Shipper）。

即与承运人签订运输契约，委托运输的货主，即发货人。

在信用证支付方式下，一般以受益人为托运人；托收方式以托收的委托人为托运人。

另外，根据《UCP500》第31条规定：除非信用证另有规定，银行将接受表明以信用证受益人以外的第三者为发货人的运输单据。

2、收货人（Consignee）。

收货人要按合同和信用证的规定来填写。

一般的填法有下列几种：（1）记名式：在收货人一栏直接填写上指定的公司或企业名称。

该种提单不能背书转让，必须由收货人栏内指定的人提货或收货人转让。

（2）不记名式：即在收货人栏留空不填，或填“To Bearer”（交来人/持票人）。

这种方式承运人交货凭提单的持有人，只要持有提单就能提货。

（3）指示式：指示式的收货人又分为不记名指示和记名指示两种。

不记名指示，是在收货人一栏填“To Bearer”，又称空白抬头。

该种提单，发货人必须在提单背面背书，才能转让。

背书又分为记名背书和不记名背书（空白背书）两种。

前者是指在提单背面填上“Deliver to ×××”“Endor sed to ×××”，然后由发货人签章；后者是发货人在背面不做任何说明只签章即可。

记名背书后，其货权归该记名人所有，而且该记名人不可以再背书转让给另外的人。

不记名背书，货权即归提单的持有人。

记名指示，是在收货人一栏填“To Order of Shipper”，此时，发货人必须在寄单前在提单后背书；另外还有凭开证申请人指示即L/C中规定“To Order of Applicant”，在收货人栏就填““To Order of ×××Co”；凭开证行指示，即L/C中规定“To Order of Issuing Bank”，则填“To Order of ×××Bank”。

简介提单（Bill of Lading,B/L）是由船长或承运人或承运人的代理人签发，证明收到特定货物，允许将货物运至特定目的地并交付于收货人的凭证。

一、提单的作用1. 提单是运输合同的证明2. 提单是货物收据3.提单是物权凭证分类二、提单的分类1. 按货物是否已装船区分1 已装船提单（Shipped B/L or on Board B/L）。

2 收货待运提单（Received for Shipment B/L）。

2．按提单抬头区分1 记名提单（Straight B/L），又称收货人抬头提单。

2 指示提单（Order B/L）。

3 不记名提单（Blank B/L or Open B/L）。

3.按无影响结汇的批注区分1 清洁提单（Clean B/L）2 不清洁提单（Foul B/L）。

4.按收费方式区分1 运费预付提单(Freight Prepaid B/L)。

2 运费到付提单（Freight Collect B/L）。

5.按船舶的经营方式区分1 班轮提单(Liner B/L)。

2 租船提单（Charter Parth B/L三、提单的缮制与签发1．托运人（Shipper）2．收货人（Consignee）3．通知人（Notify Party）4．前段运输（Pre-Carriage by）5．收货地点(Place of Receipt)6．海运船舶及航次（Ocean Vesse）7．装货港（Port of Loading）8．卸货港（Port of Discharge）9．交货地点（Place of Delivery）10. 唛头和号码、集装箱箱号和铅封号（Marks & Nos.、Container.Seal No.）11．集装箱数或件数（No of Container or P kgs）12．包装种类、货物名称（Kind of Packages、Description of Goods）13．毛重（Gross Weight kgs）14．体积（Measurement）15．运费和费用、付款地点及付款方式（Freight & Charges、Prepaid at、Payable at、Pre-paid、Collect）16．提单号和正本提单份数（B/L No.、No.of Original B(s)/L）17．签单地点和日期（Place and Date of Issue）18．代表承运人签字（Signed for the Carrier）区别四、B/L与D/O的区别B/L：BILL OF LADING提单，是货物的物权凭证。

空运常用术语中英文对照1. 常用术语解释在空运领域，有许多常用的术语，这些术语在中英文之间存在着对应关系。

以下是一些常见的空运术语及其中英文对照：•空运 (r freight): 将货物通过飞机运输的过程。

空运通常比海运更快速，适用于紧急货物，但运费相对较高。

•货代 (Freight forwarder): 为客户安排运输服务的公司，负责处理货物的运输、装卸、报关等事务。

也叫做货运代理。

•起运港 (Port of origin): 货物装运的起始港口。

•目的港 (Port of destination): 货物运到的目标港口。

•运输单证 (Transportation document): 是一种用于记录货物运输信息的文件，包括装运单、提单、舱单等。

•提单 (Bill of lading): 是一种货物所有权的凭证，标明货物的数量、种类、目的地等信息。

•危险品 (Dangerous goods): 是指某些具有潜在危险性的物质，如化学品、气体、易燃物等。

•集装箱 (Contner): 是一种用于运输货物的装置，通常由金属制成，具有标准尺寸，可在不同的运输工具之间转运。

•航班号 (Flight number): 是标识航空公司航班的唯一编号。

•包装 (Packaging): 为了保护货物在运输过程中不受损而采取的措施。

•仓储 (Warehousing): 是指存储、管理和分配货物的过程。

•装卸 (Loading and unloading): 是指将货物从运输工具上卸下或装载上去。

•报关 (Customs clearance): 是指向海关申报并办理相关手续，以使货物合法进出国境。

•保险 (Insurance): 是一种为货物运输风险提供赔偿保障的机制。

2. 空运术语的中英文对照下表列出了一些常见的空运术语及其对应的中英文翻译。

中文术语英文术语空运r freight货代Freight forwarder起运港Port of origin目的港Port of destination运输单证Transportation document提单Bill of lading危险品Dangerous goods集装箱Contner航班号Flight number包装Packaging仓储Warehousing装卸Loading and unloading报关Customs clearance保险Insurance3. 术语的使用场景这些空运术语在实际的空运业务中经常出现，并且在货代、航空公司、海关等环节都有其特定的应用。