英语长难句翻译本科论文

英语长难句翻译论⽂2019-10-22摘要：本⽂从分析英语长难句的结构⼈⼿，对⽐英汉语⾔之间的不同，在忠实各⾃⽂化原则的基础上，采⽤直译法，意译法，综合法等⽅法，准确理解，巧妙翻译长难句。

关键词：分析结构；翻译；⽅法英语长难句可以是两个，或⼏个简单句合并⼀起的长句，可以是带有修饰性语⾔的复杂句⼦。

这些长句由于其修饰性语⾔应⽤得较多或过长，也就增加了理解和翻译上的难度。

在多年的英语教学中，本⼈发现对如何翻译好英语长句⼀直让学⽣感觉困惑和难以理解。

英语与汉语是两种截然不同的语⾔，语法结构各⾃不同，但句⼦成分却有相通之处，即都有主语、谓语、宾语等。

根据其相同点在翻译长句时，⾸先，不要因为句⼦太长⽽产⽣畏惧⼼理，因为，⽆论是多么复杂的句⼦，它都是由⼀些基本的成分组成的。

其次要弄清英语原⽂的句法结构，找出整个句⼦的中⼼内容及其各层次意思，然后分析⼏层意思之间的相互逻辑关系，再按照汉语的特点和表达⽅式，不必拘泥于原⽂的形式，正确地译出原⽂的意思。

如何对英语长句进⾏分析。

⼀般来说。

造成长句的原因有三⽅⾯：(1)修饰语过多；(2)并列成分多；(3)语⾔结构层次多。

在分析长句时可以采⽤下⾯的⽅法：(1)找出全句的主⼲——主语、谓语和宾语，从整体上把握句⼦的结构，使句⼦简洁化。

(2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、⾮谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。

(3)分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句等，若是状语，它是表⽰时间、原因、结果、还是表⽰条件等等。

(4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，例如，定语从句所修饰的先⾏词是哪⼀个等。

(5)注意插⼊语等其他成分。

(6)注意分析句⼦中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。

下⾯我们结合⼀些实例来进⾏分析：例：(1)(Theunionleaders)(declared)(thattheultimateaimoftheirstrugglewastoincreasepayandimprovedworkingconditionsfortheworkers.)不难看出在这些括号⾥的词就是句⼦的主语、谓语、宾语。

英语作文长难句Long and Complex Sentences in English Composition。

Long and complex sentences are often considered a hallmark of advanced writing in English. However, their use can be a double-edged sword. On one hand, they can convey complex ideas and convey a sense of sophistication. On the other hand, they can confuse readers and detract from the clarity of the writing. In this article, we will explore the use of long and complex sentences in English composition.Firstly, it is important to define what constitutes a long and complex sentence. Generally speaking, a sentence that contains more than one independent clause and several dependent clauses can be considered long and complex. For example, "Although I had never been to Paris before, I was eager to explore the city's famous landmarks, such as the Eiffel Tower and Notre Dame Cathedral, which I had only seen in pictures, and I knew that I would need to plan myitinerary carefully in order to make the most of my limited time there."While this sentence may be grammatically correct, it can be difficult for readers to follow and comprehend. Therefore, it is important to use long and complex sentences sparingly and strategically. They should be used to convey complex ideas or to create a sense of rhythm and flow in the writing, rather than as a way to impress readers with one's vocabulary or grammar skills.Another important consideration when using long and complex sentences is punctuation. Commas, semicolons, and dashes can be used to break up the sentence and make it more readable. For example, the previous sentence could be rewritten as: "They should be used to convey complex ideas; or to create a sense of rhythm and flow in the writing. However, they should not be used as a way to impress readers with one's vocabulary or grammar skills."In addition, it is important to vary sentence length and structure in order to maintain reader interest andavoid monotony. A paragraph that contains only long and complex sentences can be tiring to read, while a paragraph that contains only short and simple sentences can be choppy and lack depth.In conclusion, long and complex sentences can be a valuable tool in English composition, but they should be used judiciously and strategically. They should be used to convey complex ideas or create a sense of rhythm and flowin the writing, rather than as a way to impress readerswith one's vocabulary or grammar skills. Proper punctuation and sentence variation are also important considerations when using long and complex sentences. By following these guidelines, writers can effectively use long and complex sentences to enhance their writing and engage their readers.。

英语四级作文长难句Title: The Evolution of Technology and Its Impact on Modern Communication.In the fast-paced world of today, technology has become an integral part of our lives, shaping the way we interact, learn, and娱乐. The evolution of technology, particularly in the field of communication, has revolutionized the way we connect with each other, bridging geographical gaps and bringing the world closer together. The impact of technology on modern communication is profound, and this essay delves into the various aspects of this impact, discussing both its benefits and challenges.The advent of the internet has been a watershed moment in the history of communication. It has transformed the way we exchange information, ideas, and entertainment. The world has become a global village, where people from different cultures and backgrounds can interact and share their experiences seamlessly. Social media platforms havefurther revolutionized communication, allowing individuals to connect with friends and family, regardless of their geographical location. These platforms have also emerged as powerful tools for information dissemination, enabling people to stay updated with news and events happening around the globe.However, the rise of technology and its integrationinto modern communication has also presented some challenges. One of the major concerns is the issue of privacy. With the widespread use of social media and other digital platforms, personal information is constantly being shared and collected. This has led to concerns about privacy invasion and the misuse of personal data. Additionally, the rise of cyberbullying and online harassment has also emerged as a significant challenge, affecting the mental health of many individuals.Another challenge posed by technology is the issue of digital divide. While technology has brought the world closer together, it has also created a divide between those who have access to technology and those who do not. Thisdigital divide can lead to social and economic disparities, as those who lack access to technology may be left behind in the race for education, employment, and overall well-being.Despite these challenges, the impact of technology on modern communication cannot be overstated. Technology has enabled us to break down barriers, connect with people across the globe, and share our stories in a way that was not possible before. It has fostered a culture ofinclusivity and diversity, allowing voices from all corners of the world to be heard. Technology has alsorevolutionized the way we learn, providing access to vast amounts of information and resources that were previously unavailable.In conclusion, the evolution of technology has had a profound impact on modern communication. It has brought about remarkable changes in the way we connect, learn, and 娱乐, bridging geographical gaps and bringing the world closer together. However, it is important to acknowledge the challenges that technology poses, such as privacyissues, cyberbullying, and the digital divide. As we continue to embrace technology and its benefits, it is crucial that we also address these challenges to ensure that technology remains a force for positive change in our society.。

英语作文里长难句In the realm of English essay writing, crafting complex and intricate sentences can often serve to demonstrate a sophisticated command of the language, yet it is equally important to ensure that such sentences are not only lengthy but also clear and coherent.One common approach to constructing a long andchallenging sentence is through the use of embedding, which involves placing a clause within another clause. For instance, "When she realized that the train was late, which was unusual for the punctuality of the service, she decided to grab a coffee at the station's newly opened café, whose aroma had been enticing her since she arrived."In this example, the sentence begins with a dependent clause "When she realized that the train was late," and thenit is further embedded with another dependent clause "which was unusual for the punctuality of the service." The main clause "she decided to grab a coffee" follows, and it isfurther expanded with a relative clause "whose aroma had been enticing her since she arrived."Another technique to create complex sentences is through the use of compound structures, where multiple independent clauses are joined together, often with coordinating conjunctions such as "and," "but," or "so." For example, "The novel was both a critical and commercial success, and it wastranslated into several languages, but the author faced criticism for the controversial themes explored within its pages, which led to a series of debates on literary freedom."Here, the sentence starts with a compound subject "The novel was both a critical and commercial success," and then adds another independent clause "it was translated into several languages." The conjunction "but" introduces a contrasting clause "the author faced criticism," which is further explained with a relative clause "which led to a series of debates on literary freedom."While complex sentences can enhance the quality of writing, it is crucial to maintain clarity and avoid overly convoluted constructions that may confuse the reader. The key is to use such sentences purposefully and judiciously, ensuring that each part of the sentence contributes to the overall meaning and flows logically from one to the next.。

四级必备作文长难句英文回答：To meet the requirements of a fourth-level essay, it is essential to incorporate complex and lengthy sentences. Such sentences not only demonstrate a high level of language proficiency but also enhance the overall quality of the essay. Here are some examples of long and challenging sentences that can be used in a fourth-level essay.1. Despite the fact that technology has revolutionized the way we communicate, it has also brought about various negative consequences, such as increased isolation and decreased face-to-face interactions with others.2. Education plays a pivotal role in shapingindividuals' future prospects, as it equips them with the necessary knowledge and skills to succeed in their chosen careers and contribute to society.3. The government should prioritize environmental protection and implement stricter regulations to reduce pollution levels, as failing to do so will have severe consequences for both current and future generations.4. In order to address the issue of income inequality,it is imperative for governments to implement progressive taxation policies and provide equal opportunities for all individuals, regardless of their socioeconomic background.5. The media has a significant impact on public opinion and can shape the way people perceive certain issues, which is why it is crucial for journalists to adhere to ethical standards and provide unbiased and accurate information.中文回答：为了满足四级作文的要求，使用复杂且长句是必不可少的。

长难句翻译1. The American economic system is organized around abasically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in whichconsumers largely determine what shall be produced byspending their money in the marketplace for those goods andservices that they want most.参考译文：美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupledwith the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize theirincomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produceit.参考译文：因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。

3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this willtend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permitmore consumers to buy the product.参考译文：另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。

长难句分析1.The American economic system is,organized around a basically private-enterprise,market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

2.Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes,that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。

3.If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost,this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers,which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。

1. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens.(2014,T1，英语一)英国的福利原则不再是，你可以为自己的失业投保，并在灾难发生时获得无条件的赔偿。

2. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. (2015,T2，英语一)法院裁定，警察在没有搜查令的情况下搜查被捕者的钱包或皮夹，不违反《第四条修正案》。

3. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”. (2016,T1，英语一)它专门为城市居民提供休闲空间，让他们体验“清新的空气”。

4. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago’s O’Hare International.(2017,T1，英语一)此后，加强的安全措施，加上经济好转和油价走低带来的航空旅行增加，导致了芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场等主要机场出现了长时间的等待。

英语作文的长难句Certainly, here's an example of an English essay containing complex sentences:Title: The Impact of Technology on Education。

In today's rapidly evolving world, the integration of technology into education has become increasingly prevalent. This phenomenon has sparked debates regarding its efficacy and potential consequences. While some advocate for the advantages technology brings to the educational sphere, others express concerns about its potential drawbacks.One of the most significant benefits of incorporating technology into education is its ability to enhance accessibility. Through online platforms and digital resources, students can access educational materials anytime, anywhere, breaking down traditional barriers to learning. Moreover, technology facilitates personalized learning experiences tailored to individual students' needsand preferences. Adaptive learning algorithms can analyze students' performance data and provide targeted instruction, maximizing learning outcomes.However, alongside these advantages come several challenges. One of the primary concerns is the digital divide, which exacerbates existing inequalities in accessto education. While affluent students may have access tothe latest devices and high-speed internet, students from disadvantaged backgrounds may lack such resources, widening the educational gap. Additionally, the reliance on technology in classrooms raises questions about the diminishing role of face-to-face interaction and interpersonal skills development. As students spend more time engaging with screens, opportunities for meaningful peer collaboration and social interaction may diminish, impacting their holistic development.Despite these challenges, the integration of technology into education is inevitable in the digital age. Therefore, it is essential to address these concerns proactively and implement strategies to mitigate potential negativeconsequences. This can include initiatives to bridge the digital divide by providing equitable access to technology and internet connectivity for all students. Furthermore, educators should prioritize the cultivation of critical thinking and digital literacy skills to empower students to navigate the vast amount of information available online responsibly.In conclusion, while the integration of technology into education presents both opportunities and challenges, its impact on the future of learning cannot be ignored. By harnessing the potential of technology while addressing its associated challenges, we can create a more inclusive and effective educational system that prepares students for success in the digital age.。

长难句翻译一1. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.2. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.3. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.4. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human languages, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exits no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.5. Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.6. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to , then spread to other cultures.7. More, recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.8. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.9. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religion hope—all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: "Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing." and I will be your God and you shall be my people.10. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1926, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston.还有一些商业模式为以上三种主要模式的综合体,如延迟开放模式,即这些期刊前六个月只允许付费者阅读论文,之后才免费提供给所有想阅读的人;这些年来,参加主要职业棒球赛运动员的身材发生了显著变化,俱乐部的经理们更乐意修改队服来满足日益增多的更高、更壮的运动员的需要;比如,经济方面的变化使得青年的就业机会更少,加之失业率的普遍上升,这越发使得赚钱的工作日益难找;作为一名语言学家,他承认所有种类的人类语言,包括不规范的语言,如黑人英语,都具有强大的表达能力——世界上没有一种语言或方言不能表达复杂的意思;对动物和人类的研究表明：性激素会以某种方式影响对压力的反应,使处于压力下的雄性比处于相同条件下的雄性产生更多的触发不良反应的化学物质;有些人类学家认为,几乎每项重要的文化成就都是少数特别有天赋的民族所发明创造的;根据传播论者的看法,这些发明后来传播到了其他的文化中;最近,研究者在调查房屋建筑业时发现,尽管建筑行业的工作非常复杂,但是德克萨斯州休斯顿市的那些不识字、不会说英语的墨西哥工人却总能达到劳动生产率的最高标准;举例来说,只要上溯三代,一个人就会有八个曾父母,或者上溯四代,就会有十六位曾曾祖父母,即便如此,这种DNA 只能揭示一到两位祖先的基因信息;他打开圣经,告诉父亲他读到的第一行字将决定他的命运,接着读到了以下神奇的文字：“从他们中间走出来,不要沾不干净的物,我将成为你们的神,你将是我的子民;”在决定性的时刻,他的性困惑、经济困难以及宗教期待——所有的一切都交织在一起;除了大约九十位左右在1692 年之后的十年间来到马塞诸塞教堂的博学的牧师之外,还有像约翰·温斯洛普这样的政治领袖;在来波士顿之前,他是一位受过高等教育的绅士、律师,同时还是皇室的官员;。

英语经典长难句作文Title: The Intricate Dance of Language: Navigating the Complexities of English Sentences.In the vast and intricate landscape of language,English long and complex sentences stand as majestic monuments to human expression. They are not just strings of words but rather tapestries woven with threads of thought, emotion, and culture. These sentences, often rich in vocabulary and layered with subordinate clauses, modifiers, and parenthetical elements, can be both challenging and rewarding to navigate.The beauty of English lies in its adaptability and diversity. It is a language that has evolved over centuries, borrowing words and phrases from various languages and cultures, creating a rich vocabulary that can convey the most nuanced of concepts. Long and complex sentences in English are a testament to this adaptability, allowing speakers and writers to convey complex ideas and emotionalnuances with precision and clarity.These sentences are not just about grammar; they are about communication. They are about finding the perfect balance between precision and clarity, between form and content. They are about expressing thoughts that are both profound and personal, thoughts that might otherwise be difficult to articulate.For example, consider a sentence like this: "The idea that the human mind can comprehend the infinite vastness of the universe, the intricate details of quantum physics, and the complexities of human emotion, all while being contained within the finite constraints of our biological bodies, is both awe-inspiring and humbling." This sentence is not just a string of words; it is a thought-provoking exploration of the human mind's capabilities and limitations.Long and complex sentences in English can be compared to dance performances. Each word, clause, and phrase must be carefully choreographed to create a harmonious andengaging performance. Just as dancers must practice and perfect their moves, writers must meticulously craft their sentences to ensure that they flow smoothly and conveytheir intended meaning.However, the mastery of long and complex sentences does not come easily. It requires a deep understanding of the language's grammar and vocabulary, as well as a keen sense of how these elements can be combined to create meaningful and engaging writing. It also requires a lot of practice and patience, as crafting these sentences can often be a laborious and iterative process.Despite the challenges, the rewards of mastering long and complex sentences are immense. They allow writers to convey ideas and emotions with greater depth and clarity. They can create a sense of anticipation and suspense, drawing readers into the world of the story or argument. They can also enhance the readability and overall quality of writing, making it more engaging and thought-provoking.In conclusion, the art of crafting long and complexsentences in English is a skill that can be honed and perfected with practice and dedication. It is a skill that can transform the way we express ourselves and communicate with others, allowing us to convey thoughts and emotions with greater precision and clarity. As we continue to explore the vast and intricate landscape of language, let us cherish the beauty and power of these majestic monuments to human expression.。

英语阅读长难句和翻译It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。

也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。

It happened that father had sent us upstairs because he thought he would be able to lock the door—which was twenty feet away—before the animal reached it.事情发生是这样的,爸爸先把我们送上楼，因为他原以为他能够在那个动物赶到之前(距离20英尺远)将门锁上。

How could I ever get him to finish unloading the car without screaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls, who I would have to spend the rest of the year with?我怎么才能让父亲卸完车上的行李而不向我大喊大叫，在其他女孩子面前出洋相呢?我还要和这些女孩一起度过以后的日子。

英语经典长难句翻译这些句子摘自大学英语课本，都是很好的写作操练材料，对考生的作文词句规范化很有帮助。

反复分析句子结构和词汇词语，然后通过汉译英的反复的回译操练，直至以后英语写作中想到相关汉语就能出现对应英语表达的程度。

1. Do you often go online chatting with strangers? Everyday,millions of people, especially the young, are online chatting with friends or with strangers.你经常上网闲聊吗,每天有数百万人，尤其年轻人，在网上与网友或陌生人聊天。

2. The successful launch and return of the manned spacecraft Shenzhou IV is deemed both a symbol of national prestige and a sign of advanced science and technology, which will definitely contribute to the economic growth of our country.载人航天飞机神州五号的成功发射及返回既是国家荣誉的一个象征，也是先进的科技能力的标志，这对我国的经济发展无疑会产生促进作用。

3. We all know that China is still a developing country and its education still lags behind that of developed countries. Many young Chinese are denied chances of receiving higher education because of insufficient educational facilities.我们都知道，中国还是一个发展中的国家，其教育水平仍然落后于发达国家。

长难句翻译Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena参考译⽂：社会科学是知识探索的⼀个分⽀，它⼒图像⾃然科学家研究⾃然现象那样，⽤理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的⽅式研究⼈类及其⾏为。

2. Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans haveexperienced it, passing from a sovereign people to compatriots withnewly arriving settlers to, finally, a conquered people – a charter minorityon our own land.参考译⽂：现在，我们也必须按照我们这些美籍墨西哥⼈所经历的⽅式来审视这⼀⽂化。

我们对这⼀⽂化的体验是，从⼀个拥有独⽴主权的民族转⽽成为那些新近抵达的殖民者的同胞，最后沦为⼀个被征服的民族——⼀个在我们⾃⼰的⼟地上被特许存在的少数民族It is human, perhaps, to appreciate little that which we haveand to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pitythat in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as a mereconvenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.参考译⽂：或许，不珍惜已拥有的⽽去渴望未拥有的，凡⼈皆如此。

(01) (10-R-1)【译文】我们甚至感到陌生的是：从20世纪初期到第二次世界大战之前，这一期间的英国报纸评论内容不拘一格。

那时候报纸非常便宜，而且人们认为发表时尚的人文批评可以给刊登评论的出版物增加色彩。

分解】句子的主干为:“We are … removed from … reviews （句子主干部分）… at a time （时间状语）… ”。

细化分析：“published”过去分词短语修饰“reviews”，其后紧接“in England”与“between …”地点和时间状语。

之后，“at a time”与“between”之间相互解释，“time”之后的“when”引导修饰其的时间定语从句。

(02) (10-R-1)【译文】纽曼说，“具有才智或文学天赋让自己在新闻从业中面对困难坚持不懈的作家如此之少，以至于我总想把新闻业定义成一个“受贬低的术语”，即“不受读者喜爱作家对受读者喜爱作者的称呼”。

【分解】句子的主干为:“So few … have … （主句主干部分）… that （引导结果状语从句）I am tempted to （从句部分的主谓）… ”。

细化分析：整个句子只要理顺了“so … that”的倒装结构（前半部分是倒装的）就不难理解了。

主句中，“to keep … journalism”不定式修饰“brains or gift”部分。

从句中有“define … as”介词短语。

最后，“of contempt”修饰“a term”，“applied …（to）…”也修饰“a term”。

(03) (10-R-3)【译文】然而，如果要发生社会流行现象，每个人在受到影响之后定会去影响自己的熟人，熟人再去影响他们的熟人，如此循环往复。

有多少其他人关注这些处于传播网络的人群，与最初那个有影响力的源头关系不大【分解】句子的主干为:“… each person … must … influence … acquaintances …（第1个分句的主干部分）；（分号引出另一个分句） how many others pay attention … has …”。

英语作文里长难句English: In the realm of English writing, complex and lengthy sentences can add depth and sophistication to one's writing. These sentences often involve multiple clauses, and can be challenging for readers to fully comprehend. However, when used thoughtfully and effectively, they can enhance the structure and flow of a piece of writing, conveying nuanced ideas and relationships between different elements. Long and intricate sentences can also showcase a writer's command of language and their ability to express complex thoughts in a clear and organized manner. While it is important to strike a balance and not overwhelm readers with convoluted sentences, skillfully constructed long and difficult sentences can elevate the quality of one's writing, making it more engaging and rewarding for the reader.中文翻译:在英语写作领域，复杂而冗长的句子可以为文章增添深度和复杂性。

作文长难句模板英语英文回答：1. Parallel Structure。

> The use of parallel structure creates a sense of balance and symmetry in writing.> Examples:> "I came, I saw, I conquered." (Julius Caesar)。

> "We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools." (Martin Luther King Jr.)。

2. Subordination。

> Subordination involves connecting ideas in such a way that one idea is presented as more important or significant than the others.> Examples:> "Although he was tired, he continued to work."> "She knew that if she didn't try, she would never succeed."3. Inversion。

> Inversion refers to changing the normal word order of a sentence for emphasis or stylistic effect.> Examples:> "Never before had I seen such a sight."> "Out of the blue, he appeared."4. Repetition。