2019年高考英语阅读长难句分析[修正版].doc

高考高中英语阅读理解长难句分析+重点词汇用法长难句1：It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word. 译文：对他们来说，学会使用语言思考比了解每个单词的含义更重要。

长难句2: Whaley recalls how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.译文：Whaley回想起年初的时候，当要Chris朗读时，他就找借口要去卫生间。

分析：when calledupon toread句中省略了he was。

点拨：call upon sb to do sth:号召某人做某事excuse oneself :请求准予离开长难句3：Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart.译文：有一天，Whaley对孩子们说，如果他们认为自己永远不可能成为总统，就举手，孩子们的回答令他十分伤心，然后Whaley想到了这个二年级总统竞选活动。

分析：这个句子里有两个状语从句，分别是when引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句。

点拨：presidential campaign project:总统竞选活动break sb’s heart :使某人难过/ 心碎长难句4：It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word. 译文：对他们来说，学会使用语言思考比了解每个单词的含义更重要。

第一部分：高中英语长难句解析在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。

长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。

长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。

理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。

纵观历年高考英语试题，可以发现阅读文章中出现了许多结构复杂的句子。

不难理解，命题者在句子难度上大做文章，无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式，从而达到考查考生综合阅读能力的目的。

下面我们来了解长难句最常见的形式。

一、复合从句这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣，使得考生搞不清楚整个句子结构。

其实，不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。

主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构(如: I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如:The man is a teacher.)。

而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。

这些从句都很常见，考生比较熟悉，但很多时候不少考生分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，这样会导致整个句子分析混乱。

这时，考生应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。

二、分隔结构为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要的是为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，使语义严密，结构紧凑，可将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来，这就是所谓的分隔结构。

考试中出现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。

此外，还有一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象，只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。

三、成分省略在英语句子中，节约用词是一条重要的修辞原则。

省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。

成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。

During the rosy years of elementary school,I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,which allowed me to keep my high social status.(非限制性定语从句)（Para.1）Then came my tweens and teens,and mean girls and cool kids.(完全倒装句)（Para.1）They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes,breaking rules and playing jokes on others,among whom I soon found myself.(非限制性定语从句)（Para.1）The likables’psl-awyell-with-othersqualities strengthen schoolyard friendships,jump-start interpersonal skills and,when tapped early,are employed ever after in life and work.(时间状语从句)（Para.2）Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed,Dr. Prinstein’s studies showleuanspant consequences(.让步状语从句)（Para.3）Those who were highest in status in high school,as well asthose least liked in elementary school,are“most likely to engage in dangerous and risky behavior.(”定语从句)（Para.3）In one study,Dr.Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in235adolescents,scoring the least liked,the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys.(动词-ing短语作状语)（Para.4）We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates.But so had those who were high in status.(倒装句)（Para.4）It clearly showed thatwhile likability can lead to healthy adjustment,high status has just the opposite effect on us.(宾语从句；让步状语从句)（Para.4）Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness,openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.(宾语从句；定语从句)（Para.5）Not onlyis likability related to positive life outcomes,but it is also responsible for those outcomes,too.(倒装句)（Para.6）Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an’ s ’advantage.(定语从句 ) （ Para. 6 ）D 篇反馈小卷Para. 11. During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, whichallowed me to keep my high social status. （精准的汉语释义）___________2. My tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids came then. （句型转换；倒装）_________________________________________________________________________3. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules andplaying jokes on others. I soon found myself among them. （句型转换；非限制性定语从句）_________________________________________________________________________Para. 21. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology.（汉语释义） ___________2. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. （熟词生义；翻译句子）_________________________________________________________________________3. The likablesplays-well-with-othersqualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-startinterpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. （汉语释义）___________4. Then there’ s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and evendishonorable behavior. （汉语释义） ___________Para. 31. Although the cool kids may have seemed enviable, Dr. Prinstein tudsiesshow unpleasantconsequences.（句型转换；用as 改写句子）_________________________________________________________________________2. Those who were highest in status in high school and those least liked in elementary school, are“ most likelyto engage in dangerous and risky behavior.（句型转”换；用 as well as 改写句子）_________________________________________________________________________Para. 41. In one study, Dr. Prinstein __________ (调查) the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents,scoring ( 汉语释义 ) the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys. _____________2. We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward theirclassmates. But those who were high in status become more aggressive too. （句型转换；用 so改写句子）_________________________________________________________________________3.It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment,high status has just the opposite effect on us.（翻译句子）_________________________________________________________________________Para.51.Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date生） 汉）义 够 ).转 得势), id . 样 ；床 迎 两：人 的 质 交 掘 ’ ⋯ 清 人 会来 力 我的候 续（熟词义 —sharing, kindness, openness —carry over （语释to later years and ______________________ ( 使你能更好地 ) relate and connect with others.Para. 61. In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein ______________________ ( 得出另一个结论（完成句子） 2. Likability is not only related to positive life outcomes, but also responsible for those outcomes,too. （句型换；倒装）_________________________________________________________________________3. “ Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that helpsomebody ______________________ (获优 ” he sa （ 完成句子）参考答案：Para. 11. 花年华2. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids.3. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules andplaying jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Para. 21. 充分研究的2. 把⋯ ⋯ 分类临心理学教授米奇· 普林斯坦将受欢的人分为类讨喜欢人和地位追求者。

长难句分析一个英语句子之所以难以理解,有许多原因,其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。

句子过长或者复杂无非是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分,如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。

这些附属成分常有逗号或分隔符号与句子隔开,且插在一个句子中间,使本来完整的句子被断开,因而增加句意理解的难度。

分析长难度的基本方法是:首先,判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句;然后,找出句子的核心成分,分清主语和谓语,再分清句子附属成分。

下面我们来谈谈几种长难句的处理技巧。

一、处理长难句的原则方法如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句,可这样处理:跳读修饰成分,迅速找出主谓结构。

这样一来,我们便可以将长句化为短句,将难句化为易句。

具体步骤是:先跳读修饰成分或附加成分,找出句子的主干并理解其意义;然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。

如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的并列句,可这样处理:先找出其中的并列连词,然后再根据并列连词的意思理清句子前后是顺连关系还是反连关系,是因果关系还是转折关系等,最后再根据不同的语境关系正确理解句意。

如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句,可这样处理:先分清主句与从句,然后弄清从句的性质,即弄清它是什么从句——名词性从句,还是状语从句,或是定语从句。

注意,弄清从句性质对于理解复合句的意思至关重要。

另外,有一点要提醒同学们,在处理长难句时,如果既能正确理解句意,又能将其准确地译成中文,那是最好了。

但是,对于有些长难句,要在较短时间内(如在参加考试时将其译成中文比较困难,此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了,如果硬要勉为其难地译成中文,不仅会浪费时间,而且在许多情况也没有必要。

二、经典高考真题实例分析下面这篇文章共有194个单词,却只有9个句子,平均每个句子大约有22个单词,是近几年高考英语阅读理解中一篇比较典型的集中含有长难句的文章。

文章内容如下: Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles sou thwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Disc overed by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将 of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.Coming in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbo ur, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, s upposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outsi de world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build mo re than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most fam ous.On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave th e island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土. They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day.【解题分析】1. 跳读插入语:请看文章第一段的第一句。

英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷长难句)英语中句子最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式转换而来。

五种基本句式如下：1主语＋谓语(不及物动词)2主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语3主语＋系动词＋表语4主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语5主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语此外还有特殊句式如there be-, 强调句，倒装句等。

但是在真实的语言环境中，句子结构远非这么简单。

复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂介词短语，还有各种复杂的定语和状语等修饰成分让句子变得异常复杂。

高考阅读理解、完型填空和语法填空经常出现结构复杂的长难句，影响考生对语篇文段的理解。

另外，新高考将包括两个写作题：读后续写(概要写作)和应用文写作。

在评分标准中把“尽力使用较复杂语法结构”视为是否得高分的标准之一。

因此，学会分析长难句显得格外重要。

一个句子之所以成为长难句，就是因为句子各部分成分和结构复杂，具体说就是句中出现了复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂修饰语(介词短语、非谓语动词、定语和状语)以及各种从句等。

下面分类解析：一、复杂主语包括下列情形：含有连词如and, both...and..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also), as well as；非谓语动词做主语；主语从句充当主语；同位语结构做主语等。

如：Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school,are “most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky be havior.”(2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D) (as well as 连接those who...与those least liked ...做主语)The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony(痛苦) of dying can make nobody happy. (动词不定式to do结构做主语)Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or servicesprovides a real joy. (2019高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B) (-ing形式做主语)Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. (2018全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D) (-ing形式做主语)What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. (2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解B) (主语从句充当主语)Shackleton,a onetime British merchant-navy officer who?had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908,?started?a business...(2016全国甲卷阅读理解D) (同位语结构做主语)二、主谓之间被介词短语、定语从句或非谓语动词分隔Mr. Robbins, together with his wife and children, is leaving London for Paris.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic,was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D)According to the report's key findings, “the proportion(比例) who say they ‘never’ or ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”(2018全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)三、复杂表语包括非谓语动词、表语从句等。

During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status.(非限制性定语从句) （Para. 1）Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. (完全倒装句) （Para. 1）They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. (非限制性定语从句)（Para. 1）The likables ’psl-awyell-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. (时间状语从句) （Para. 2 ）Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein ’s studies s h o w l e u a n s p a n t consequences(.让步状语从句) （Para. 3）Those who were highest in status in high school, a s well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage in dangerous and risky behavior. (”定语从句 ) （Para. 3）In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys. (动词-ing 短语作状语) （Para. 4）We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status.(倒装句) （Para. 4）It clearly showed thatwhile likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.(宾语从句；让步状语从句) （Para. 4）Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date —sharing, kindness, openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.(宾语从句；定语从句) （Para. 5）Not onlyis likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. (倒装句) （Para. 6）Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain anadvantage.(定语从句) （Para. 6 ）D 篇反馈小卷Para. 11. During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. （精准的汉语释义）___________2. My tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids came then. （句型转换；倒装）_________________________________________________________________________3. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others. I soon found myself among them. （句型转换；非限制性定语从句）_________________________________________________________________________Para. 21. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. （汉语释义）___________2. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. （熟词生义；翻译句子）_________________________________________________________________________3. The likables p’lays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. （汉语释义）___________4. Then there ’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. （汉语释义）___________Para. 31. Although the cool kids may have seemed enviable, Dr. Prinstein s’tudsies show unpleasant consequences.（句型转换；用as改写句子）_________________________________________________________________________2. Those who were highest in status in high school and those least liked in elementary school, are “most likelyto engage in dangerous and risky behavior. （句型转”换；用as well as 改写句子）_________________________________________________________________________Para. 41. In one study, Dr. Prinstein __________ ( 调查) the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring (汉语释义) the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys. _____________2. We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But those who were high in status become more aggressive too. （句型转换；用so 改写句子）_________________________________________________________________________3. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us. （翻译句子）_________________________________________________________________________Para. 51. Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date（熟词义）to later years and ）—sharing, kindness, openness —carry over （汉语释生义______________________ ( 使你能够更好地) relate and connect with others.Para. 61. In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein ______________________ (得出另一个结).（完成句子）论2. Likability is not only related to positive life outcomes, but also responsible for those outcomes, too.（句型转换；倒装）_________________________________________________________________________3. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody ______________________ (获得优势), ”he sa（id完. 成句子）参考答案：Para. 11. 花样年华2. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids.3. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Para. 21. 充分研究的2. 把⋯⋯分类；临床心理学教授米奇·普林斯坦将受欢迎的人分为两类：讨人喜欢的人和地位追求者。

英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷长难句)英语中句子最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式转换而来。

五种基本句式如下：1主语＋谓语(不及物动词)2主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语3主语＋系动词＋表语4主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语5主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语此外还有特殊句式如there be-, 强调句，倒装句等。

但是在真实的语言环境中，句子结构远非这么简单。

复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂介词短语，还有各种复杂的定语和状语等修饰成分让句子变得异常复杂。

高考阅读理解、完型填空和语法填空经常出现结构复杂的长难句，影响考生对语篇文段的理解。

另外，新高考将包括两个写作题：读后续写(概要写作)和应用文写作。

在评分标准中把“尽力使用较复杂语法结构”视为是否得高分的标准之一。

因此，学会分析长难句显得格外重要。

一个句子之所以成为长难句，就是因为句子各部分成分和结构复杂，具体说就是句中出现了复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂修饰语(介词短语、非谓语动词、定语和状语)以及各种从句等。

下面分类解析：1、复杂主语包括下列情形：含有连词如and, both...and..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also), as well as；非谓语动词做主语；主语从句充当主语；同位语结构做主语等。

如：Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school,are “most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”(2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D) (as well as 连接those who...与those least liked ...做主语)The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony(痛苦) of dying can make nobody happy. (动词不定式to do结构做主语)Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. (2019高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B) (-ing形式做主语)Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. (2018全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D) (-ing形式做主语)What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. (2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解B) (主语从句充当主语)Shackleton,a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business...(2016全国甲卷阅读理解D) (同位语结构做主语)2、主谓之间被介词短语、定语从句或非谓语动词分隔Mr. Robbins, together with his wife and children, is leaving London for Paris.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.( 2016全国丙卷语法填空)Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic,was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D)According to the report's key findings, “the proportion(比例) who say they ‘never’ or ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”(2018全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)The woman sitting at the desk, seeing my madness,sympathetically jumped up. (2016全国甲卷完形填空)3、复杂表语包括非谓语动词、表语从句等。

高考英语长难句分析（四）长难句中的定语现象在分析高考英语阅读的长难句时，学生往往会被名词前后的修饰语所干扰，而不能快速识别句子主干，甚至会因修饰语而曲解句子的含义。

由此，我们今天一起看看高考英语长难句中的定语现象。

首先，定语是什么？英语中，定语是围绕在中心名词前后，用来描述说明这个中心名词细节情况的单词、短语或者从句等成分，定语使名词更加具体化。

其次，定语的位置在哪里？一般说来，单个单词做定语一般放在中心名词前，称为前置定语；短语和从句做定语一般放在中心名词后，称为后置定语。

在英语中名词的修饰语最常见的有：限定词、形容词或形容词短语、介词短语、动词不定式短语、现在分词、过去分词、定语从句等。

下面，以2019年高考真题阅读中的一些长难句为例，我们一起看看定语的具体表现形式。

例1 With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.（2019课标全国卷1）主干识别：...he seems like the kind.定语现象：介词短语中名词eyes前含有现在分词shining和形容词dark 做前置定语；介词短语中名词kid之后含有 who 引导的限制性定语从句。

参考译文：他有着闪闪发亮的黑眼睛，看起来就像那种喜欢公开演讲的孩子。

例 2 Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience.（2019课标全国卷1）主干识别：Learning English can be a... experience.定语现象：介词短语中名词language前含有限定词a和数词second做前置定语；表语部分名词experience前有形容词painful做前置定语。

参考译文：把英语作为第二语言来学习可能是一种痛苦的经历。

During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyedsharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status.(非限制性定语从句 ) （ Para. 1 ）Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. (完全倒装句 ) （ Para. 1 ）They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. (非限制性定语从句 )（ Para. 1 ）The likables ’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. (时间状语从句 ) （ Para. 2 ）Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein ’s studies showleasantunp consequences(.让步状语从句) （ Para. 3 ）Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “ most likely to engage in dangerous and risky behavior. (”定语从句 )（Para. 3 ）In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys. (动词 -ing 短语作状语 ) （ Para. 4 ）We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. (倒装句 ) （ Para. 4 ）It clearly showed thatwhile likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.(宾语从句；让步状语从句 ) （ Para. 4 ）Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date — sharing, kindness, openness— carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. (宾语从句；定语从句 ) （ Para. 5 ）Not onlyis likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. ( 倒装句 )（Para. 6 ）Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain anadvantage.(定语从句 ) （ Para. 6 ）D篇反馈小卷Para. 11. During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, whichallowed me to keep my high social status. （精准的汉语释义）___________2. My tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids came then. （句型转换；倒装）_________________________________________________________________________3.They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others. I soon found myself among them. （句型转换；非限制性定语从句）_________________________________________________________________________Para. 21.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. （汉语释义） ___________2.Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. （熟词生义；翻译句子）_________________________________________________________________________3.The likables plays’-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. （汉语释义）___________4.Then there ’ s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. （汉语释义） ___________Para. 31. Although the cool kids may have seemed enviable, Dr. Prinstein studies’ show unpleasant consequences.（句型转换；用as 改写句子）_________________________________________________________________________2. Those who were highest in status in high school and those least liked in elementary school, are “ most likelyto engage in dangerous and risky behavior. （句型转”换；用 as well as 改写句子）_________________________________________________________________________Para. 41.In one study, Dr. Prinstein __________ ( 调查 ) the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents,scoring (汉语释义 ) the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys. _____________2.We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward theirclassmates. But those who were high in status become more aggressive too. （句型转换；用 so 改写句子）_________________________________________________________________________3.It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has justthe opposite effect on us. （翻译句子）_________________________________________________________________________Para. 51. Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date（熟词生义）— sharing, kindness, openness — carry over （汉语释义）to later years and ______________________ ( 使你能够更好地) relate and connect with others.Para. 61.In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein ______________________ (得出另一个结论). （完成句子）2.Likability is not only related to positive life outcomes, but also responsible for those outcomes, too.（句型转换；倒装）_________________________________________________________________________3.“ Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody ______________________ ( 获得优势 ), ” he said（完.成句子）参考答案：Para. 11.花样年华2.Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids.3.They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Para. 21.充分研究的2.把⋯⋯分类；临床心理学教授米奇·普林斯坦将受欢迎的人分为两类：讨人喜欢的人和地位追求者。

长难句分析长难句分析“两步法”[Step1:预处理]①找出谓语动词并用下划线标注；谓语动词即所有的非谓语动词，包括主句的谓语和从句的谓语②给“三长”加括号，“三长”包括从句，介词短语，非谓语动词；三大从句：名词性从句：、、、形容词性从句：副词性从句：注意：一旦出现下一修饰成分，就把上一修饰成分结束掉，不管上一修饰成分是否以及结束③给“并列词”加方框，给“并列项”加三角；并列词：and、or、but、as well as并列项：A和B例如：A...and B...注意：因为修饰成分往往出现在被修饰成分的后面，找并列项时先找B后找A，B往往是并列词的右边最近的单词；再通过B去寻找A，因为A和B往往满足“结构相似、含义相近”，通俗来讲就是A和B往往很像[Step2:做直译]对每个括号进行翻译注意：每个括号里的第一个单词都像是一个“挂钩”，可以利用每个挂钩提问和回答问题，将一个个括号连接起来[Step3:调语序]如果没有英翻汉的题型可以不去做这一步长难句分析练习1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem,and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique（巴黎综合理工学院）.成分简析：2.It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use Internet-connected computers,although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced,the printers start working overtime.That is,the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.成分简析：3.Perhaps the best sign of how computer and Internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself,which sees printing as one of its most promising new market.成分简析：4.The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.成分简析：5.Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese,these terms（术语）are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.成分简析：6.Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet,whether it be a cat,dog or snake!成分简析：7.Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.成分简析：8.But for all the texts that are written,stored and sent electronically,a lot of them are still ending up on paper.成分简析：9.With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence,according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA)（盆地治疗动物组织）in Salt Lake City.成分简析：10.Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in1506,and settled in1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.成分简析：11.They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years,giving them plenty of time to build more than1000huge stone figures,called moat,for which the island is most famous.成分简析：12.Whereas（鉴于）a women’s closet female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage,it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.成分简析：13.We even have different word for some foods,meat in particular,depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked,which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming.while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.成分简析：14.When Americans visit Europe for the first time,they usually find Germany more “Foreign”than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does.成分简析：15.The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees,who can afford the new service,in other words,Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.成分简析：16.The hot sun had caused the dough to double size and the fermenting yeast（发酵型酵母）made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing and it looked like some unknown being from outer space.成分简析：17.After all,what lively children wouldn’t settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work,and acting,singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?成分简析：18.So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice,I was so surprised that I was speechless,my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape.成分简析：19.Thirty years after being introduced to McCauley’s words,they still seem to me the best yardstick（准绳）,because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others.成分简析：20.But when John and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people watching couldn’t help laughing at the one who couldn’t keep pace with the others as they march along.成分简析：长难句分析答案First(put forward)(by the French mathematician Pierre de Format)(in the seventeenth century),the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,(including a French woman scientist)(who made a major advance)(in working out the problem),and (who had to dress)(like a man)(in order)(to be able)(to study)(at the Ecole Polytechnique).It is difficult(to measure the quantity)(of paper)(used)(as a result)(of use Internet-connected computers),although just about anyone(who works)(in an office)can tell you(that)(when e-mail is introduced),the printers start working overtime.That is,the growing demand(for paper)(in recent years)is largely due(to the increased use)(of the Internet).Perhaps the best sign(of)(how computer and Internet use pushes up demand)(for paper) comes(from the high-tech industry itself),(which sees printing)(as one)(of its most promising new market).The action group has also found acceptable paper(made)(from materials other)(than wood),such(as agricultural waste).Mostly(borrowed)(from English and Chinese),these terms are often changed(into forms) no longer(understood)(by native speakers).Tales(from Animal Hospital)will delight all fans(of the programme)and anyone(who has a lively interest)(in their pet),(whether it be a cat,dog or snake)!Newton is shown(as a gifted scientist)(with very human weaknesses)(who stood)(at the point)(in history)(where magic ended and science began).But(for all the texts)(that are written,stored and sent electronically),a lot of them are still ending up(on paper).(With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love),dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners(needed)(for a beginning reader)(to gain confidence),(according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA))(in Salt Lake City).(Discovered)(by the Portuguese admiral)(of the same name)(in1506),and(settled in 1810),the island belongs(to Great Britain)and has a population(of a few hundred).They had no connection with the outside world(for more)(than a thousand years),(giving them plenty)(of time)(to build more)(than1000huge stone figures),(called moat,)(for which the island is most famous).Whereas（鉴于）a women’s closet female friend might be the first(to tell her)(to leave a failing marriage),it wasn’t unusual(to hear)(a man say)(he didn’t know)(his friend’s marriage was)(in serious trouble)until he appeared one night(asking)(if he could sleep) (on the sofa).We even have different word(for some foods,meat)(in particular),(depending)(on) (whether it is still out)(in the fields)or(at home)ready(to be cooked),(which shows the fact)(that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming).while the upper-class Normans were doing most(of the eating).(When Americans visit Europe)(for the first time),they usually find Germany more “Foreign”(than France)(because the German)(they see)(on signs and ads)seems much more different(from English)(than French does).The major market force rests(in the growing population)(of white-collar employees),(who can afford the new service),in other words,Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due(to the increasing number)(of white-collar employees).The hot sun had caused the dough(to double size)and the fermenting yeast made the surface(shake)and(sigh)(as though it were breathing and it looked like some unknown being)(from outer space).After all,what lively children wouldn’t settle(for)(spending only half the day)(doing ordinary school work),and(acting,singing or dancing)their way(through the other half) (of the day)?So(when Ed arrived)(for our game)not only(with the bottom)(of his shirt)(gatheredinside his trousers)but also(with a stomach)(you could hardly notice),I was so surprised (that I was speechless),(my cousin must have made an effort)(to get himself)(into shape).Thirty years(after)(being introduced)(to McCauley’s words),they still seem(to me)the best yardstick,(because they give us a way)(to measure ourselves)rather(than others).But(when John and his fellow soldier came)(in sight)some of the people(watching) couldn’t help(laughing)(at the one)(who couldn’t keep pace)(with the others)(as they march along).。