福建省漳州市第三中学2021届高三2020.2.18 开学考试

本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

共150分。

考试时间120分钟。

第Ⅰ卷（三部分，共100分）第一部分：听力理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Where does the conversation take place？A. At a libraryB. At a bookstoreC. In a classroom2. What does the man mean？A. He hasn’t seen the woman’s purse.B. The woman needs to buy another purse.C. The purse is right there.3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about？A. Where the opera tickets are.B. When they’ll go to the opera.C. What opera they want to watch.4. How do the two speakers feel about the movie？A. Disappointed.B. Enjoyable.C. Scared.5. How much did the woman save？A. $40.B. $80.C. $120.第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第 6 段材料,回答第 6 至 7 题。

6. When will the party be held？A. T oday.B. Tomorrow.C. The day after tomorrow.7. Who will come to the party？A. Lucy.B. Mark.C. Kate.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

2020-2021学年漳州市第三中学高三生物第一次联考试题及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 下图表示人体内的细胞与外界环境进行物质交换的过程，下列叙述正确的是（）A.从外界环境摄入的O2进入肝脏细胞的途径为外界环境→呼吸系统→A→①→①→肝脏细胞B.内环境是细胞代谢的主要场所C.毛细淋巴管壁细胞生活的环境是①①D.肾炎导致①渗透压增加，①减少2. 下列关于反射和反射弧的叙述，正确的是（）A. 神经系统结构和功能的基本单位是反射弧B. 突触的结构决定了反射弧中兴奋传递的方向C. 控制排尿反射的高级神经中枢位于脑干D. 一个完整的反射弧至少包含3个神经元3. 如图ac为细胞中的两种结构，b是它们共有的特征。

下列叙述正确的是( )A. 若b表示两层膜结构，则a.c只能是叶绿体和线粒体B. 若b表示细胞结构中含有的核酸，则a.c一定是叶绿体和线粒体C. 若b表示细胞器中含有色素，则a.c不可能是叶绿体和液泡D. 若b表示磷脂，a.c肯定不是核糖体和中心体4. 下列关于生态系统中的物质循环的说法，错误的是（）A.碳在食物网中以有机物的形式流动B.植物可通过呼吸作用和光合作用参与生态系统的碳循环C.从物质循环的角度看，人体内碳元素的根本来源是大气中的CO2D.生态系统的物质循环发生在种群和无机环境之间5. 下列有关种间关系的叙述，不正确的是（）A. 寄居蟹和海葵属于合作共生，马蛔虫和马属于寄生B. 两种群间的捕食关系是在群落水平上研究获得的C. 同一区域的两种动物之间没有共同的食物，不存在竞争关系D. 组成地衣的藻类和真菌之间属于互利共生的关系6. 油松种子表面含有脱落酸，水洗可以去除种子表面的大部分脱落酸，某实验小组探究了水洗和夹破种皮两种处理方式对油松种子萌发的影响，实验结果如图所示，下列叙述错误的是（）A. 脱落酸的含量能显著影响油松种子的萌发B. 油松种子的萌发主要与外种皮是否破损有关C. 该实验的自变量是脱落酸的含量和外种皮是否完整D. 外种皮可能通过影响水分和气体的通透性影响其种子萌发7. 如图表示某生态系统中甲、乙两种群在一段时间内相对数量的变化情况。

漳州三中2021届第二次月考英语试卷（ Module 1; Module 2 Unit1-2 Oct. 2015）本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。

满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的准考证号、性名填写在答题卡上。

2.第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

第II卷用0.5mm黑色签字笔在试卷上书写作答。

3.请保持答题卡平整，不能折叠。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仪读一遍。

1. What will the woman do after high school？A．Start a business of her own.B．Do some business courses.C．Learn children education.2．What’s the probable relationship between the speakers？A. Grandmother and grandsonB. Husband and wifeC. Guide and tourist3．When did Henry probably leave home？A. At 9：00B. At 9：30C. At 10:004．Who swims best according to the woman？A. BobB. JimC. Jenny5. What does the woman mean？A. English films are good for English learning.B. The dialogues in English films are beyond her.C. Watching English films is her favorite.听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

2020-2021学年漳州市第三中学高三生物第一次联考试题及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 蛋白质、DNA和RNA的基本组成单位依次是A. 氨基酸、核苷酸、核糖核苷酸B. 核苷酸、脱氧核苷酸、核糖核苷酸C. 氨基酸、核糖核苷酸、脱氧核苷酸D. 氨基酸、脱氧核苷酸、核糖核苷酸2. 关于染色质和染色体的叙述，错误的是（）A. 染色质是细胞核内易被碱性染料染成深色的物质B. 染色质和染色体的主要成分是相同C. 染色质和染色体的形态结构相同D. 染色质和染色体只存在于真核细胞的细胞核中3. 下列化学物质中，不是植物激素的是（）A. 乙烯B. 吲哚乙酸C. 脱落酸D. 2，4﹣D4. 查尔斯·达尔文（1809~1882）于1859年出版了《物种起源》，提出了进化论的两大学说：共同由来学说和自然选择学说。

达尔文的进化论学说对人类社会产生了深刻的影响，并且随着生物科学的发展，形成了以自然选择学说为核心的现代生物进化理论。

下列有关阐述，合理的是（）A.共同进化是指不同物种之间在相互影响中不断进化和发展B.研究生物进化最直接、最重要的证据是对化石的观察研究C.生物多样性包括基因、种群、生态系统三个层次的内容D.自然选择获得的性状都可以通过遗传进行积累传递给子代5. 如图为细胞物质运输方式的示意图。

下列相关叙述中正确的是A. 二氧化碳、苯和氧等物质通过途径①进入细胞，运输速率不受环境温度影响B. 淀粉的消化终产物通过途径①进入小肠上皮细胞时，A TPase仅承担载体的功能C. 方式①表示胞吐，动物激素和神经递质等生物大分子可通过此途径排出细胞D. 除图中三种方式外，细胞还能通过协助扩散的方式顺浓度梯度进行物质运输6. 多药抗性（MDR）转运蛋白在多种肿瘤细胞中高表达，能将小分子脂溶性抗癌药物转运出细胞，从而降低细胞内药物浓度。

下列推测不正确的是（）A.MDR转运蛋白的高表达赋予肿瘤细胞抗药性B.抗癌药物通过MDR转运蛋白转运出细胞需消耗能量C.抑制MDR转运蛋白的活性能降低肿瘤患者化疗效果D.脂溶性抗癌药物能以自由扩散的方式进入肿瘤细胞7. ATP是细胞生命活动的直接能源物质。

2020-2021学年漳州市第三中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AI truly thought thatI might die that day. Had I not seen three bears and a few wolves over the last couple of days near the road, I might have just lain down and called it quits. What in the world was I thinking, dragging my bike up to Yellowstone and thinking I could ride from West Yellowstone to Old Faithful in the snow? No less!I had planned this trip for more than two months, and I wasn't about to give up so easily. The first few miles were beautiful. Ten miles in, I started sucking wind. Fifteen miles and my legs felt like they were made of lead. By twenty miles, my lungs were burning and felt like there was nothing left in the tank. That was when I turned around and saw my husband and three children cheering me on in the van behind me. I knew I couldn't quit because I tell my children all the time that just because something is hard doesn't mean that you stop doing it. I had to live what I'd been preaching(说教). That thought got me up that mountain and to the end of the ride.The importance of that ride was apparent after only a week. My eight-year-old daughter Emalee wanted to ride in a twelve-mile charity ride. That day was cold as well. She was the youngest rider. About four miles into the ride, she started feeling cold. The chill(寒冷)was making her muscles cramp a little and she began to struggle. By six miles, she had tears running down her face. It broke my heart to see her suffering like that.I told herthat she didn't have to finish. She said that she wouldn't quit. I told her how I had wanted to quit the week before, but perseverance had gotten me to the end and I knew she could do it, too.The look on her face as she pulled into the finish was priceless. She threw her arms around me and said, “You didn't quit, Mommy, so neither did I.”1. What motivated the author to finish her ride?A. Her family's encouragement.B. Her own instruction for children.C. The beautiful scenery and weather.D. The careful and thorough preparation.2. By describing the conditions Emalee met, the author wanted to________.A. show her guilt for her daughterB. prove that riding is a tough taskC. persuade her daughter to give upD. indicate she was proud of Emalee3. What does the author want to tell us according to the story?A. Never say die.B. Do nothing by halves.C. Children are what the mothers are.D. Every mother's child is handsome.BMany of us were delighted to learn that a high school senior Kwasi Enin was accepted to all eight Ivy League universities. To our surprise, he wasn't excited as expected, but appeared extra calm. He announced that he would revisit the universities to find the best suitable in music or medicine. He also wanted to compare their financial aid packages.Kwasi's success story is rare, but his reaction is not. After the admission letters arrive at home, students have 30 days to really think about what kind of school would help them grow as a person, which school would best prepare them for the future, and at which school they would be happiest. And they also have to think about whether they can afford the school they choose.But how to answer the questions about which school is the best suitable university? Some young people are attracted to large universities with great school spirit and a list of offerings. But besides those advantages, many of these universities focus on graduate work and research, with undergraduates taught mostly by part-time instructors. Others are attracted to smaller boarding schools with discussion-based classes. But some of these schools will have much limitation for students who want a high-energy city life experience.Many students today seem to think they should pick the university where they will get the diploma that will help them get the most highly paid job. This is a sad misunderstanding of what a college education should provide.A good college education should prepare them to overcome any difficulty andthrivein society. It helps them to form the habit of creative mind and spirit that will continue to develop far beyond their university years. So when you choose college, you should consider if it is filled with useful learning to help create new spaces for different possibilities of growth.4. What can we know about Kwasi Enin from paragraph 1?A. He was from a very poor family.B. He would choose the top university.C. He was too excited to calm himself at the good news.D. He considered his interests when choosing his university.5. What can you infer from paragraph 2?A. Few students can be admitted to university.B. Many students face the choices like Kwasi.C. Top universities are the first choice for most students.D. American students can afford their university by themselves.6. Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “thrive” in paragraph 4?A. FailB. SucceedC. ResearchD. Work7. What should the best university be like according to the text?A. Very large and have good instructors.B. Small boarding schools with discussion-based classes.C. It will offerthe diploma to get the most highly paid job.D. It will help continue to develop far beyond university years.CIf you ever find yourself trapped in the wilderness without food, you'llhave to figure out how to feed yourself. Many plants in the wild areedible, but many are also poisonous. So it is necessary to learn how to determine whether the plants you find can be eaten safely.Avoid using this method without careful planning. Some plants can be deadly, and even if you follow these guidelines perfectly, there is always a chance that a plant will make you seriously ill. Prepare yourself for wilderness outings by learning about the local plants, and carry a guidebook to help you identify plants. Even if you are unprepared and cannot find food you know to be safe, remember that, depending on your activity level, the human body can go for days without food, and you’re better off being hungry than being poisoned.Testing the plant in your mouth is dangerous, so go forward very slowly and carefully. First, hold a small portion of the prepared plant part against your lip for 3 minutes. Do not put the plant in your mouth. If you notice any burning, tingling (刺痛), or other reactions, discontinue testing. Second, place another small portion of the plant part on your tongue. Hold the plant on your tongue without chewing for 15 minutes. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Third, chew the plant and holdit in your mouth for 15 minutes. Chew the plant well, and do not swallow. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Fourth, swallow the small portion of the plant. Wait 8 hours. Do not eat or drink anything during this period except purified water. If you feel sick, immediately throwup what you eat and drink plenty of water. If activated charcoal (活性炭) is available, take that with the water.8. What’s the meaning of the underlined world “edible” in paragraph 1?A. Suitable for using as food.B. Widely spread.C. Existing in large quantities.D. Not widely known.9. What can we know from paragraph 2?A. Planning is unnecessary when using the method.B. Not all plants in the wild can serve as food generally.C. Suffering hunger can be more dangerous than testing plants.D. Following the method perfectly can ensure safety.10. Which is the correct order of testing plants in the mouth?① wait and see ② chew it in the mouth③ put it on the tongue④ put it against lips ⑤ swallow itA. ③④②①⑤B. ④③②①⑤C. ③④②⑤①D.④③②⑤①11. Where might the passage come from?A. A student’s diary.B. A science report.C. A guide book for camping.D. A doctor’ s notebook.DIn Colombia a group, named WebConserva, is carrying out a project in the San Lucas Mountains with the help of coffee growers.The San Lucas area is one of the most unexplored places in Colombia, which is home to many thousands of species of animals and plants. Yet gold mining and coca farming have dealt a blow to its ecosystem. To limit additional development in the San Lucas area, the group helps coffee growers by linking them with processors from around the country.Colombia has more different kinds of living things than any other country except neighboring Brazil. In 2016, the Colombian government signed a peace deal with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia ending years of civil war. As a result, more land became accessible for use, with deforestation(毁林) coming along. Government information shows that in 2017, almost 220,000 hectares of forest were destroyed compared to around 124,000 hectares in 2015.To date, the project includes 10 families who farm 400 hectares of coffee plants, which costs about $77,000 dollars a year. WebConserva hopes that, in time, 200 families will be included. At that level, 20,000 hectares of untouched forest could be protected. In San Lucas, the families promise not to cut down trees to expand their crops or to hunt wild animals from the forests. In return, they receive $ 250 to $ 300 per 125 kilograms of coffee, an enviable amount there. Arcadio Barajas is among those taking part. His new coffee plantation(种植园) makes a barrier between cattle farms and forests where wild animals like the jaguar live and hunt. In this way, he doesn't have to kill wild animals to protect his cattle.Barajas said that pulling down the forest to plant coca and killing wildlife were against his will. Now he feels that growing coffee lets him be astewardof the land. "I'm taking care of the environment, the forest and the animals," he said.12. Why does WebConserva set up the project?A. To help local farmers make money.B. To expand areas of coffee growing.C. To link processors with coffee growers.D. To conserve biodiversity in the Mountains.13. What happened after Colombia’s civil war was over?A. Colombia helped many needy families.B. Colombia lost lots of areas of forests.C. Colombia started to save damaged forests.D. Colombia became more peaceful than Brazil.14. Which is probably a function of Barajas's coffee plantation?A. A method of protecting cattle and wildlife.B. A substitute for hunting of wild animals.C. A barrier between man and wild animals.D. A shelter for cattle against human hunters.15. What does the underlined word "steward" mean in the last paragraph?A. Farmer.B. Master.C. Guardian.D. Explorer.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年漳州市第三中学高三英语期末考试试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AInformation on school visits to Kew GardensEnjoy yourselves in a wonderland of science with over 50,000 living plants and a variety of educational events or amusing activities. Here is essential information about planning a school visit to Kew.Educational course pricesYou can plan a self-led visit or book one of our educational courses. Students will take part in the educational courses in groups of 15. Prices vary according to different situations.EYFS (Early Years Foundation Stage) to Key Stage 4:45-minute course: 35/group 90-minute course: 70/groupKey Stage 5:Half day (one course): 80/group Full day (two courses): 160/groupTeachers and adults:Up to required key stage proportions (比例): FreeAdults needed for 1:1 special educational needs support: FreeAdults above the required proportions: 11/personThe payment will due within 28 calendar days of making the booking.Health and safetyRequired supervising (监护) adult-student proportions:Key Stage 1: 1:5 Key Stage 2: 1:8Key stage 3: 1:10 Key Stage 4: 1:12Key Stage 5: 1:12The group sizes should be controlled if you are visiting potentially busy areas such as the glasshouse and other attractions. The maximum number of students visiting the glasshouses is 15 per group and each group to Kew shops should include no more than 10 students.If there is an emergency, please contact the nearest Kew staff member or call Constabulary on 0208 32 3333 for direct and quick support. Please do not call 999.Planning your visitYour tickets and two planning passes will be sent to you upon receipt of your payment. You can complete your risk assessment with the passes, ensure you bring your tickets and the receipt document and show them to the staff members at the gate on the day of your visit.Recommended timingsThe Kew Gardens opens at 10 am. You are recommended to spend at least three to five hours on your visit. The closing time varies throughout the year. But the earliest is 3:30 pm. We have a fixed schedule for educational courses, which is from 10:30 am to 2:20 pm.1.How much should a group of 15 Key Stage I students and 4 teachers pay for a 45-minute course?A.35B.46C.57D.812.What should one do in an emergency?A.Check the risk assessment.B.Call 999 immediately.C.Ask adults or teachers for help.D.Seek help from the staff member nearby.3.What is the purpose of the text?A.To introduce Kew Gardens.B.To give tips on visiting Kew Gardens.C.To attract potential visitors to Kew Gardens.D.To inform coming activities in Kew Gardens.BChinese archaeologists（考古学家）announced on Saturday that some new major discoveries have been made at the Sanxingdui Ruins site in Southwest China, helping uncover another start of the Chinese civilization.Archaeologists have found six new sacrificial pits（祭祀坑）and unearthed more than 500 treasures dating back 3,000 years at the Sanxingdui Ruins in Sichuan Province. So far, archaeologists have unearthed masses of important cultural items from four of the pits, including pieces of gold masks, gold foil, bronze（青铜）masks, bronze trees and large numbers of ivories. The rest of the newly discovered pits arc still being dug up.“Surprisingly, we have unearthed some never — heard — of — before bronze items," said Lei Yu, from the Sichuan Archaeology Research Institute. 'Tor instance, some large and well-made bronze items have strange-looking dragon or cow designs on them.”In another major discovery, relics of silk products were found for the first time at Sanxingdui, which shows “the ancient Shu Kingdom was one of the important starts of silk in ancient China" according to Tang Fei, head of the digging team.The new pits sit next to two sacrificial pits discovered in 1986, with areas ranging between 3o square meters and 19 square meters. Together they form an area in which people of the ancient Shu civilization held ceremonies to offer sacrifices to heaven, earth and their forefathers, and prayed for good luck and peace.The Sanxingdui Ruins is regarded as one of the greatest archaeological finds of mankind in the 20th century. The site was accidentally discovered by a farmer in the 1920s. The ruins are located in the city ofGuanghan, about 60 kilometers fromChengduand are believed to be the relics of theShuKingdom.4. What can we learn from the text?A. Totally there are 500 treasures unearthed.B. Six new sacrificial pits are under repair.C. The unearthed treasures date from 3000 years ago.D. There are six sacrificial pits at Sanxingdui.5. What does the discovery of the relics of silk products mean?A. Chinese civilization was widely influential.B.AncientShuKingdomwas also the home of silk.C. Chinese silk has a much longer history than known.D.ShuKingdombelonged toChinasince ancient times.6. What was the main function of the sacrificial pits?A. To celebrate festivals.B. To store valuable items.C. To bury important figures.D. To hold sacrifice ceremonies.7. Who first discovered the Sanxingdui Ruins?A. A farmer.B. Lei YuC. Tang Fei.D. Archaeologists.CFor years video games have been criticised for making people more antisocial, overweight or depressed. Bui now researchers are finding that video games can actually change us for the better and improve both our body and mind.Games can help to develop physical skills. Pre-school children who played interactive games have beenshown to have improved motor skills, for example they can kick, catch and throw a ball better than children who don’t play video games. A study found that those who played video games were 27 percent faster and made 37 percent fewer errors than those who didn't.Games also benefit a variety of brain functions, including decision-making. People who play action-based games make decisions 25 percent faster than others, according to one study. It was also found that the best gamers can make choices and act on them up to six times a second, four times faster than most people. In another study by researchers from the University of Rochester in New York, experienced gamers were shown to be able to pay attention to more than six things at once without getting confused, compared with the four that most people can normally keep in mind.There is also evidence that gaming can help with psychological problems. At the University of Auckland in New Zealand, researchers asked 94 young people diagnosed with depression to play a 3D fantasy game called SPARX and in many cases, the game reduced symptoms of depression more than conventional treatment.8. In what way playing video games benefits very young children?A. Muscle control.B. Social interaction.C. Decision-making.D. The ability to focus.9. Which type of video game improves the decision-making speed?A. Interactive games.B. Action-based games.C. 3D fantasy games.D. Violent games.10. What is the authors attitude to video games?A. Indifferent.B. Objective.C. Worried.D. Critical.11. What is the text mainly about?A. The effects of different types of video games.B. The negative effects of playing video games.C. The beneficial effects of playing video games.D. The effects of games on people's behavior.DAfter almost an entire year of not going shopping and vacationing, you find the numbers reflected by your bank account meet your heart's desire.Now the most important question comes, what to do with the earnings? Should you fulfill dreams of the present, invest in preserving the future or perhaps keep saving it for a rainy day?Our elders always try to teach us the value of money and its moral weakness. One may be on a winning streak（连续成功）now，but it will not always be so. One will have days when there will be no sunshine but onlyrain. and their luck will hide behind those thick grey clouds. Save for those rainy days,they say.Do not spend too much,live within a budget,refrain fromcredit no matter how small and save for the future.Since the very first time we earn our own money from a summer job or earning our first salary, the lessons start. In fact, the pocket money that we receive when we are children begins the process of learning how to best manage one's money.People often think like this-one day when I have enough money, I will travel the world. Then, once we do earn enough money, tomorrow's plans start shadowing our present ones. However, is it wise to keep living for that future? Will we still enjoy or even be able to backpack in -our 50s? How will we ever enjoy our present if we are constantly living for the future?Good questions, aren't they? 1 say travel but don' t let yourself run dry, treat yourself to some luxuries but also keep enough for your necessities, and enjoy your present but with a plan for the foreseeable future.Life is for the living. so live it sensibly.12. Why do elders teach us to save money?A. Because there are more rainy days in life.B. Because no one can win streak.C. Because good days may end.D. Because money can't buy everything.13. What does the underlined phrase "“refrain from" mean in Paragraph 3?A. select fromB. hold backC. rely onD. prefer to14. What can we infer from the passage?A. We should enjoy ourselves at the right time.B. We should wait to travel until we have enough money.C. We should live for the future no matter what.D. We should enjoy ourselves to the fullest when we have money.15. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Money is something but not everything.B. One should save for rainy days.C. Live in the moment before you live for the future.D. Live the present wisely for your life.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021届漳州市第三中学高三语文第一次联考试卷及答案解析一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。

人们常以“人治”和“法治”相对称，认为西洋是法治的社会，我们是人治的社会。

所谓人治和法治之区别，不在“人”和“法”这两个字上，而在维持秩序时所用的力量和所根据的规范性质。

乡土社会不是人治的杜会，可以说是个“无法”的社会，但“无法”并不影响社会的秩序，因为乡土社会是“礼治”社会。

礼治社会并不是指文质彬彬的社会。

礼也可以杀人，可以很“野蛮”。

譬如我们在旧小说里常读到杀人来祭旗，那是军礼。

礼的内容从现代看去，可能是很残酷的。

但残酷与否并非合礼与否的问题。

礼是社会公认合式的行为规范，合于礼的就是对的，对是合式的意思。

如果单从行为规范来说，与法律无异，法律也是一种行为规范。

礼和法不相同的地方是维持规范的力量。

法律是靠国家权力来推行的，维持礼这种规范的是传统。

传统是社会所累积的经验，不论哪一个社会，绝不会没有传统。

衣食住行种种最基本的事务，我们并不要事事费心思，那是因为我们托祖宗之福，有着可以遵守的成法。

在乡土社会中，传统的重要性比现代社会更甚，那是因为在乡土社会里传统的效力更大。

乡土社会是安土重迁的。

不但人口流动很小，而且人们所取给资源的土地也很少变动。

在这种代代如是的环境里，个人不但可以信任自己的经验，而且同样可以信任若祖若父的经验。

不必知之，只要照办，生活就能得到保障的办法，自然会随之发生一套价值。

依照着做就有福，不依照就会出毛病。

于是人们对于传统有了敬畏之感。

礼并不是靠外在的权力来推行的，而是从教化中养成了个人的敬畏之感，使人服膺；人服礼是主动的。

礼是可以为人所好的，所谓“富而好礼”。

孔子很重视服礼的主动性。

颜渊问仁，子曰：“克己复礼为仁。

一日克己复礼，天下归仁焉。

为仁由己，而由人乎哉？”这显然是和法律不同了，甚至不同于普通所谓道德。

法律是从外限制人的，不守法所得到的罚是由特定的权力加之于个人的。

2020-2021学年漳州市第三中学高三语文下学期期中考试试题及答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的材料，完成下面小题。

材料一养心殿维修保护工程，在故宫古建筑维修保护历史上，可能算不上大事。

仅近年来，故宫博物院就有太和殿、慈宁宫等大体量故宫古建筑维修保护工程竣工;相比较来说，养心殿古建筑规模和体量要小得多。

然而，此次养心殿维修保护在故宫古建筑维修保护历史上，又可以算得上大事，不仅在于养心殿知名度高、影响深远，还在于此次养心殿维修保护被确定为“研究性保护项目”，这在故宫古建筑维修保护历史上是第一次。

面对故宫古建筑维修保护所出现的传统营造技艺传承后继无人、高质量材料不能正常使用、维修保护过程中记录与研究缺失等一系列问题，故宫博物院创新古建筑保护机制。

以养心殿研究性保护项目等作为示范项目，建立专家咨询机制，对文物现状及维修保护进行全过程科学记录。

冲破古建筑工程招投标制度的制约，探索工匠招募制度，实现全过程人才培养，建立起故宫博物院古建筑保护传承队伍，为古建筑维修保护提供了经典案例，为文化遗产保护探索了可行之路。

(摘编自单霁翔《留住传统建筑的精髓》)材料二4月15日傍晚，位于法国首都的巴黎圣母院发生大火，造成巴黎圣母院塔尖倒塌，建筑损毁严重。

这对我们来说也是一个警讯。

我国是文物大国，与西方建筑以石结构为主不同，我国古代建筑多以木结构为主，留下的木质结构文物不胜枚举，毁于火灾的文物不在少数。

近年来，就有世界文化遗产武当山古建筑群的遇真宫主殿、云南香格里拉独克宗古城遭大火荼毒。

权威统计显示，2009年至2014年年初，全国文物古建筑发生火灾1300余起，生活用火不慎引发火灾居首位，占总数近40%，电气原因占总数20%，其他原因依次为放火、玩火、吸烟、雷击。

这组数据让人悲哀，也说明我们在防火上还有较大改进空间。

在唏嘘中吸取教训，在喟叹中反求诸己，把我们的古建筑保护得更好，绝不蹈其覆辙，这应是我们的底线责任。

2020-2021学年漳州市第三中学高三英语模拟试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANAME: JohnFAVORITE SPORT: Basketball FAVORITE SNACK: PizzaHOBBY: Photography PET: Beagle named MaxFUNNIEST MOMENT: “On Max's birthday, we sang the ‘Happy Birthday’ song to him and he got a big treat. A month later, my family sang ‘Happy Birthday’ to me. Max got so excited because he remembered the song. He whined(嘀咕) when he didn't get a treat, so we gave him one.”NAME: SarahFAVORITE SPORT: Track and field FAVORITE SNACK: GranolaHOBBY: Guitar PET: Cat named LuluFUNNIEST MOMENT: “One day in my kindergarten, I opened my snack bag and found a tennis ball and a sock! My little brother had played his first practical joke. Thanks, Bryan!”NAME: PaulFAVORITE SPORT: Baseball FAVORITE SNACK: Apple with peanut butterHOBBY: Making comics PET: Tropical fishFUNIEST MOMENT: “In a school play, I was supposed to say the line ‘Stop right there, cowboy!’ Devin was playing the cowboy, and 1 said, ‘Stop right there, Devin!’ It was supposed to be a serious part of the play, but Devin cracked up. Then everybody else laughed, too, including me.”NAME: ScottFAVORITE SPORT: Soccer FAVORITE SNACK: BananasHOBBY: Drawing dinosaursPET: Hermit crab named HermieFUNNIEST MOMENT: “One night, we were camping in a state park. I heard a loud thumping(砰砰作响) outside the tent. I was sure that it was a bear! I used my flashlight to look around the campsite(野营地) and saw a little toad hopping away, going thump, thump, thump!”1.Whom will you get in touch with if you also like taking photos?A.Scott.B.Sarah.C.John.D.Paul.2.Where did Sarah find the tennis ball and the sock?A.At her friend's birthday party.B.In her kindergarten.C.In her school.D.In a state park.3.Outside the tent, what thumped that night?A.A bear.B.A cat.C.A fish.D.A toad.BWhat is the secret of happiness? A new study finds that happiness comes from exercise. People who exercise actively bring themselves happiness equal to earning an extra $25,000 ayear.Instead of recording extra hours at work in hopes of getting a raise, maybe you should hit the gym instead, as it could make you just as happy as that extra money. An interesting new study, published in the Lancet, found that people who are physically active have a greater sense of well—being than those who are inactive-and that active individuals feel as good as inactive people who earn $ 25,000 more per year.Researchers from Oxford and Yale Universities used data gathered from more than 1.2milion Americans. They were asked, “How many times have you felt mentally unwell in the past30 days. for example, due to stress, depression, or emotional problems?” Participants were also asked about their exercise habits and were able to choose from 75 diverse physical activities, including doing housework and childcare, running, weightlifting, and cycling. The researchers found that people who exercise regularly feel bad for an average of 35 days per year, while inactive people feel bad for an additional 18 days.All exercise types were associated with a lower mental health burden. Social physical activities（that is to say, team sports such as football, basketball, etc）had an even more positive effect, which can best help people relax mind.It is possible for some to get too much exercise. From Business Insider'sreport on the study. “The mental health of those participants who exercised for longer than three hours a day suffered more than that of those who weren't particularly physically active.” The ideal amount seems to be three to five training sessions per week. lasting 30 to 60 minutes each.But the conclusion should be that any amount helps, so don't stress about hitting that perfect balance: “All exercise types were associated with a lower mental health burden than not exercising.”4. The question asked in Paragraph one is meant to ______.A. introduce the researchersB. tell the secretC. draw a conclusionD. lead to the topic5. Which exercise below can help us relax mind most effectively?A. RunningB. Walking alone.C. Playing footballD. Keeping fit in the gym.6. According to the passage, the following are true EXCEPT that ______.A. people who exercise actively may feel bad for about 35 days per year.B. The more exercise you take, the higher mental health burden you will get.C. overdoing exercising will do harm to people's mental health.D. doing exercise is better than not doing it.7. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Exercise can bring as much pleasure as an income rise.B. The secret of happiness has nothing to do with wealth.C. Choosing the right form of exercise is of vital importance.D. The key to keep young is to exercise regularly.CA lot of us lose life’s tough battles by starting a frontal attack—when a touch of humor might well enable us to win．Consider the case of a young friend of mine，who hita traffic jam on his way to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum about beinglate on the job．Although there was a good reason for Sam’s a being late—serious illness at home—he decided that this by-now-familiar excuse wouldn’t work any longer．His supervisor was probably already pacing up and down preparing a dismissal speech．Yes，the boss was．Sam entered the office at 9：35．The place was as quiet as a locker room；everyone was hard at work．Sam’s supervisor came up to him．Suddenly，Sam forced a grin and stretched out his hand．“How do you do！” he said．“I’m Sam Maynard．I’m applying for a job，which，I understand，became available just 35 minutes ago．Does the early bird get the worm？”The room exploded in laughter．The supervisor“clamped off”a smile and walked back to his office．Sam Maynard had saved his job—with the only tool that could win，a laugh．Humor is a most effective，yet frequently neglected，means of handling the difficult situations in our lives．It can be used for patching up differences，apologizing，saying “no”，criticizing，getting the other fellow to do whatyou want without his losingface．For some jobs，it’s the only tool that can succeed．It is a way to discuss subjects so sensitive that serious dialog may start a quarrel．For example，many believe that comedians on television are doing more today for racial and religious tolerancethan people in any other forum．8. Why was Sam late for his job？A. Because he was ill．B. Because he got up late．C. Because he was caught in a traffic jam．D. He was busy applying for a new job．9. The main idea of this passage is ________．A. Sam Maynard saved his job with humorB. humor is important in our livesC. early bird gets the wormD. humor can solve racial discriminations10. The phrase “clamped off” in Paragraph 3 means ________．A tried to hold back B. tried to setC. chargedD. gave out11. Which of the following statements can we infer from the passage？A. Many lose life’s battles for they are lacking in a sense of humor．B. It wasn’t the first time that Sam came late for his work．C. Sam was supposed to come to his office at 8：30．D. Humor is the most effective way of solving problems．DEach year, the women of Olney and Liberal compete in an unusual footrace. Dressed in aprons (围裙) and headscarves, they wait at both towns’starting lines. Each woman holds a frying pan with one pancake inside. At the signal, the women flip (轻抛) pancakes and they’re off!This “pancake racing” tradition is said to have started on Shrove Tuesday, 1445, in Olney. Shrove Tuesday is the day beforethe Christian season of Lent (大斋戒) begins. During Lent, many people decide to give up sugary or fatty foods.Legend says that in 1445, an Olney woman was making pancakes to use up some of her sugar and cooking fats before Lent. She lost track of time and suddenly heard the church bells ring, signaling the beginning of theShrove Tuesday service. Realizing that she was going to be late for church, she raced out the door still wearing her apron and headscarf and holding her frying pan with a pancake in it. In the following years, the woman’s neighbors imitated her dash to church, and pancake racing was born.The rules are simple. Racers must wear the traditional headscarf and apron. They must flip their pancakes twice - once before starting and once after crossing the finish line. After the race, there are Shrove Tuesday church services. Then Liberal and Olney connect through a video call to compare race times and declare a winner.In both towns, the races have grown into larger festivals. Olney’s festival is an all-day event starting with a big pancake breakfast. Liberal’s festival lasts four days and includes a parade, a talent show, and contests that feature eating and flipping pancakes. Although the women’s race is still the main event, both towns now hold additional races for boys and girls of all ages.12. How did pancake racing start?A. A woman in Olney created it.B. Women made pancakes before Lent.C. A woman dashed to church with a pancake.D. People followed the suit of an interesting incident.13. What should racers obey during the race?A. They can wear fashionable headscarves and aprons.B. They must flip their pancakes once in the race.C. They must flip their pancakes at the beginning of the race.D. They can flip their pancakes in the middle of the race.14. What can we learn about the race from the last paragraph?A. People can show their talent in Olney festival.B. People can enjoy a one-day holiday in Liberal.C. The race is not only intended for women now.D. People can have a big pancake breakfast in both towns.15. What is the text mainly about?A. The origin of pancake racing.B. The history of pancake racing.C. The development of pancake racing.D. The introduction to pancake racing.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年漳州市第三中学高三生物下学期期中考试试题及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 棉铃虫是严重危害棉花的一种害虫。

科研工作者发现了苏云金芽孢杆菌中的毒蛋白基因B和豇豆中的胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因D，均可导致棉铃虫死亡。

现将B和D基因同时导入棉花的一条染色体上获得抗虫棉。

棉花的短果枝由基因A控制，研究者获得了多个基因型为AaBD的短果枝抗虫棉植株，AaBD植株自交得到F1(不考虑减数分裂时的交叉互换）。

下列说法错误的是（）A. 若F1表现型比例为9:3:3:1，则果枝基因和抗虫基因分别位于两对同源染色体上B. 若F1中短果枝抗虫：长果枝不抗虫=3:1，则B、D基因与A基因位于同一条染色体上C. 若F1中短果枝抗虫：短果枝不抗虫：长果枝抗虫=2:1:1，基因型为AaBD的短果枝抗虫棉植株产生配子的基因型为A和aBDD. 若F1中长果枝不抗虫植株比例为1/16，则基因型为AaBD的短果枝抗虫棉植株产生配子的基因型为AB、AD、aB、aD2. 在显微镜下观察到某黑藻细胞中的一个叶绿体位于液泡的右下方，细胞质环流方向为逆时针，如图所示。

相关描述错误的是（）A.实际上叶绿体应位于液泡的左上方，细胞质环流方向仍为逆时针B.该细胞中的无膜细胞器有核糖体和中心体C.液泡内含糖类、无机盐、蛋白质等物质，可以调节植物细胞内的环境D.若滴加适当高浓度的蔗糖溶液浸泡该细胞，其细胞液的吸水能力增强3. 生物体的生命活动离不开蛋白质，蛋白质是生命活动的主要承担者。

下列属于血红蛋白生理功能的是A.运输氧气B.构成细胞膜的主要成分C.携带遗传信息D.催化细胞内的化学反应4. 如图是缩手反射的反射弧结构简图，方框甲、乙代表神经中枢，分析正确的是（）A. 图中e为感受器B. 痛觉感觉中枢位于乙方框处C. 受到刺激，神经纤维d处膜外的电位变化是由正电位变为负电位D. 若正常成年人的M和N受到损伤，其缩手反射不会存在5. ATP被喻为细胞的能量“货币”，用α、β、γ分别表示A TP上三个磷酸基团所处的位置（A-Pα~Pβ~Pγ），下列叙述正确的是（）A. 一分子的ATP彻底水解后生成三个磷酸和一个腺苷，且释放能量B.ATP的γ位磷酸基团脱离时，释放的能量可用于葡萄糖的氧化分解C. 失去γ位的磷酸基团后，剩余部分仍可为生命活动供能D. 失去β、γ位两个磷酸基团后，剩余部分可作为DNA的基本组成单位6. 孟德尔探索分离定律时，运用了假说—演绎法，该方法的基本过程：在观察与分析的基础上提出问题，通过推理和想象提出解决问题的假说，根据假说进行演绎推理，再通过实验证明假说。