中南大学英汉语翻译技巧复习资料20120522

Unit11.Every life has its roses and thorns.人生总是有苦有乐, 甘苦参半。

(人生的道路既铺满鲜花, 又充满荆棘.)2.I’ll have Lisa where I want her.我要丽莎去哪里她就得去哪里3.He carried his age astonishingly well.他一点儿都不显老，面容年轻得令人惊讶。

4.She’d never again believe anything in trousers.她再也不愿相信任何男人了.5.He was a dead shot.However,he met his Waterloo this time.他是一个神枪手，可这一次却遭到惨败。

/ 他遭遇了滑铁卢。

6.Nixon was pleased by the distinction,but not overwhelmed.尼克松对受到的破格礼遇非常高兴，但并没有受宠若惊。

7.Yet China was a land of constant surprise and shifting impression.而中国是一片令人惊讶、日新月异的土地。

8.After the failure of his last novel,his reputation stands on slippery ground. 、他上一篇小说写砸了, 他的名声从此岌岌可危.9.Mrs.Sawyer looked radiant,too,and for the first time gobbled up her dinner likea little pig.索耶太太也容光焕发，第一次大口大口吃饭，活像一只小猪。

10.He walked at the head of the funeral procession,and every now and then wipedhis crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时有哪个一条大手绢抹去他那鳄鱼的眼泪。

2012年中南大学翻译硕士211真题翻译硕士（MTI）备考系列2012年中南大学翻译硕士211真题考试科目代码及名称：211 翻译硕士英语注意：1、所有答案(含选择题、填空题、判断题、作图题等)一律答在专用答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地点一律不给分。

2、作图题可以在原试题图上作答，然后将“图”撕下来贴在答题纸上相应位置。

3、考试时限：3小时：总分：100 分。

Ⅰ. Vocabulary and grammar(30’)Multiple choiceDirections：Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence，Mark your answers on theanswer sheet.1. In developing counties people are ________ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.A. breakingB. fillingC. poutingD. hurrying2. Mark often attempts to escape ________ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A. having been finedB. to be finedC. to have been finedD. being fined3. This hotel $60 for a single room with both.A. claimsB. demandsC. pricesD. charges4. Liquids are like solids ________ they have a definite volume.A. in thatB. with thatC. for thatD. at that5. The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money couldA. stand up toB. make up forC. come up withD. put up with6. The survival of civilization as we know it is ________ threat.A. withinB. underC. towardsD. upon7. In recent years，much more emphasis has been put ________ developing students’ productive skills.A. ontoB. inC. overD. on8. A season ticket ________ the holder to make as many journeys as he wishes within the stated period of time.A. entitlesB. grantsC. presentsD. promises9. Petrol is refined from the ________ oil we take out of the ground.A. crudeB. freshC. rudeD. original10. This article ________ more attention to the problem of cultural interferences in foreign language teaching and learning.A. cares forB. applies forC. allows forD. calls for11. The crossed mandibles enable the birds to exert a powerful biting force at the bill tips，which is critical for maneuvering them between the scales and spreading the scales apart. Next，the crossbill snakes its long tongue into the ________ and draws out the seed.A. openingB. flowerC. mouthD. tree12. Using the combined action of the bill and tongue，the birds cracks open and ________ the woody seed covering and swallows the nutritious inner kernel.A. eatsB. breaksC. finds OutD. discards13. As a rule, large billed crossbills are better at seeming seeds from large cones while small billed crossbills are more ________ at removing the seeds from small, thin scaled cones.A. hungryB. deftC. tiredD. pleasant14. This bird fins a large, ________ bill, yet most of Newfoundland’s conifers have small cones, the same kind of cones that the slender-billed white-wings rely on.A. robustB. colorfulC. unusualD. sharp15. It was she, a Baltimore printer, who published the first official copies of the Declaration, the first copies that included the names of its signers and therefore ________ the support of all thirteen colonies.A. influencedB. heraldedC. rejectedD. ignored16. The growing custom of regularly ________ from afar the representatives of all kinds of groups, not only for political conventions, but also for commercial, professional, learned, and avocational ones. . . in turn supported the multiplying hotels.A. announcingB. motivatingC. assemblingD. contracting17. In the past, as today, men, women, and children ________ themselves with beads. In some cultures still, certain beads are often worn from birth until death, and then are buried with their owners for the afterlife.A. protectedB. adornedC. purchasedD. enjoyed18. Besides their wear ability, either as jewelry or incorpcrated into articles of ________, beads possess the desirable characteristics of every collectible: they are durable, portable, available in infinite variety, and often valuable in their original cultural context as well as in today’s market.A. ritualB. importanceC. attireD. history19. Beads are miniature bundles of secrets waiting to be revealed: their history, manufacture, cultural context, economic role, and ornamental use are all points of information one hopes to ________ .A. communicateB. transportC. improveD. unravel20. Even the most ________ beads may have traveled great distances and been exposed to many human experiences.A. carvedB. beautifulC. ordinaryD. heavyⅡ. Reading comprehension (40’)Section 1 Multiple choice (20’)Directions: In this section there are two passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passage and then mark your answers on the answer sheet.Passage AStratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there aretwo distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penn), to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making,The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side — don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight—seeing along with their play going. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights)pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the , subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1, 431seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better. ) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices toe much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele, They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a. m.1. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________ .A. the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenueB. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stageC. the two branches of the RSC are not on good termsD. the townsfolk earn little from tourism2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________ .A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separatelyB. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseersC. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoersD. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater3. By saying "Stratford cries poor traditionally" (Line 2, Paragraph 4), the author implies that ________ .A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projectsB. Stratford has long been in financial difficultiesC. the town is not really short of moneyD. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid4. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________ .A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spendingB. the company is financially ill-managedC. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptableD. the theatre attendance is on the rise5. From the text we can conclude that the author ________ .A. is supportive of both sidesB. favors the townsfolk’s viewC. takes a detached attitudeD. is sympathetic to the RSC.Passage BJoy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person’s facial expression can influence that person’s emotional state. Consider Darwin’s words: "Thefree expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions. " Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations)as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal, Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. ’ Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses. )The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow’s feet "wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekman’s observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response—as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.6. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to.A. curiousB. unhappyC. thoughtfulD. uncertain7. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order to ________ .A. differentiate one possible meaning of a particular facial expression from other meanings of itB. support Darwin’s theory of evolutionC. provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understoodD. contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions8. The word concur in the passage is closest in meaning to ________ .A. estimateB. agreeC. expectD. understand9. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people of New Guinea?A. They did not want to be shown photographs.B. They were famous for their story-telling skills.C. They knew very little about Western culture.D. They did not encourage the expression of emotions.10. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?A. They would become less intense.B. They would last longer than usual.C. They would cause problems later.D. They would become more negative.Section 2 Answering questions (20’)Directions: Read the following two passages and then answer/N COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answers on the answer sheet.Questions 1-3Americans are sleeping less to cram in more work and play, a self-defeating cycle that leaves half the work force complaining that drowsiness interferes with their job, researchers said Tuesday.The National Sleep Foundation said adults of all ages get less than the recommended eight hours of sleet, a night, putting themselves at risk of auto accidents and over the longer-term, greater risk of diseases such as high blood pressure and diabetes.The foundation released its "Sleep in America" poll that found a third of adults slept only 6. 5hours a night during the work week. People got more sleep on weekends but still not eight hours.The poll of 1, 154 adults found 45 percent of respondents will sleep less in order to get more work done.Surfing the Internet and watching television are also seen as prime contributors to the lack of sleep. Those activities were blamed by 43 percent for staying up late, with other causes including partner snoring, noise, pain and small children."Sleep is viewed as expendable, " said James Walsh, a vice president of the foundation and executive director of St. Luke’s Hospital Sleep Medicine/Research Center, in Chesterfield, Missouri."The people who stay up to work, they work more, but it’s probably the same people who complain they can’t concentrate the next day, "Walsh said at a press conference.Fifty-one percent said sleepiness on the job interferes with the amount of work they get done and nearly one in five adults reported making occasional or frequent work errors due to drowsiness.National Transportation Safety Board Chairman Jim Hall said sleep problems permeated society. He said operator fatigue had been on the agency’s priority list of safety improvements for over a decade."Human fatigue is one of the most endemic safety issues in our society, " said Hall, who recounted the death of a friend’s son when lie fell asleep at the wheel of his pickup truce Half of the poll’s respondents admitted to driving while drowsy. Among 18 to 29-year-olds, 24 percent reported falling asleep at the wheel at some point during the past year.Naps on the job can restore short-term alertness according to research. One third of those surveyed said they would nap at work if it was allowed.Union Pacific Corp. is letting train crews sleep briefly when idled. Sixteen percent of thosesurveyed said their employers currently endorsed on-the-job naps.Melissa Cullen, a Maryland woman who suffered major injuries and lost her father when a fatigued shiftworker’s car hit their vehicle head-on just before Christmas, said attitudes to drowsy driving had to change."Can anyone tell me why driving while tired is less irresponsible than driving while drunk?" Cullen asked.1. Paraphrase the sentence "Their employers currently endorsed on-the-job naps. "2. Explain in your own words the saying "Human fatigue is one of the most endemic safety issues in our society. "3. What is the major issuse(s) raised in this article?Questions 4-5By the time a child is six or seven she has all the essential avoidances well enough by heart to be trusted with the care of a younger child. And she also develops a number of simple techniques. She learns to weave firm square balls from palm leaves, to make pinwheels of palm leaves or frangipani blossoms, to climb a coconut tree by walking up the trunk on flexible little feet, to break open a coconut with one firm well-directed blow of a knife as long as she is tall, to play a number of group games and sing the songs which go with them, to tidy the house by picking up the litter on the stony floor, to bring water from the sea, to spread out the copra to dry and to help gather it in when rain threatens, to go to a neighboring house and bring back a lighted faggot for the chiefs pipe or thecook-house fire. But in the case of the little girls all these tasks are merely supplementary to the main business of baby-tending. Very small boys also have some care of the younger children, but at eight or nine years of age they are usually relieved of it. Whatever rough edges have not been smoothed off by this responsibility for younger children are worn off by their contact with older boys. For little boys are admitted to interesting and important activities only so long as their behavior is circumspect and helpful. Where small girls are brusquely pushed aside, small boys will be patiently tolerated and they become adept at making themselves useful. The four or five little boys who all wish to assist at the important, business of helping a grown youth lasso reef eels, organize themselves into a highly efficient working team; one boy holds the bait, another holds an extra lasso, others poke eagerly about in holes in the reef looking for prey, while still another tucks the captured eels into his lavalava. The small girls, burdened with heavy babies or the care of little staggerers who are too’ small to adventure on the reef, discouraged by the hostility of the small boys and the scorn of the older ones, have little opportunity for learning the more adventurous forms of work and play. So while the little boys first undergo the chastening effects of baby-tending and then have many opportunities to learn effective cooperation under the supervision of older boys, the girls’ education is less comprehensive. They have a high standard of individual responsibility, but the community provides them with no lessons in cooperation with one another. This is particularly apparent in the activities of young people: the boys organize quickly; the girls waste hours in bickering, innocent of any technique for quick and efficient cooperation.4. What is the primary purpose of the passage with reference to the society under discussion? How can it be achieved?5. What does the author refer by "high standard of individual responsibility"?Ⅲ. Writing (30’)Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic.Translation as a Bridge。

目　录2010年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2010年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Test of English for MTI CandidatesPart I Diction(15%)Directions: Choose the ONE word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the underlined part in each of the following. You should write your choices on the Answer Sheet.1．Is vanity one of the seven deadly sins?A. foolishnessB. sanityC. prideD. selfishness【答案】C【解析】句意：虚荣心是七宗罪之一吗？vanity虚荣心。

pride骄傲；自尊心。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

foolishness愚蠢。

sanity明智，头脑清楚。

selfishness自私。

因此，本题的正确答案为C。

2．The child was uncomfortable under the scrutiny of his grandfather.A. examinationB. weightC. gazeD. attention【答案】A【解析】句意：那个小孩在感到不舒服。

题目中划线词scrutiny意为“监视”。

examination考试；检查，在这里引申为“监察”的意思。

weight压力。

gaze盯。

attention关心，注意。

3．Professor Bright likes to ramble during her lectures.A. mumbleB. ruminateC. wonderD. wander【答案】D【解析】句意：布莱特教授喜欢在她的课堂上走来走去。

Unit oneSome Meanings of Authentic Love真爱的几点内涵爱意味着我了解我所爱的人。

我了解对方的诸多方面--不仅仅是美好的一面，而且包括不足之处，矛盾之处以及各种缺点。

爱，指的是关心我所爱的人的幸福。

如果我真关心你，就会关心你的成长，并希望你在一切可能的范围内成全自己。

爱，指的是维护我所爱的人的尊严。

假如我爱你，我就会把你看成一个具有自己的价值观，思想和感情的独立的人，而不会要求你为了我而改变你的个性和屈从于我对你的期待。

爱，指的是对我所爱的人有责任心。

假如我爱你，我会把你看成一个有独立个性的人，对你的多数重要需求作出反应。

爱，指的是我和我所爱的人能从中共同获取成长的力量。

假如我爱你，我就会因我的爱而在不断成长。

你将会激励我更充分地发展我的潜能，而我对你的爱也将进一步完善你的整个人生。

爱，指的是对我所爱的人做出某种承诺。

这种承诺并非指我们之间要完全屈从于对方，也不暗指我们之间的关系一定要永久不变。

它实指我们必须相互依存的决心，不管是在平静和欢乐的日子还是在痛苦、迷茫、挣扎和失望的时候，都不分离。

爱，指的是信任我所爱的人。

假如我爱你，我就会相信你会接受我的关怀和我的爱，也相信你不会故意伤害我。

我相信我们之间的爱有一种天然的互补性。

爱，须能容忍不完美。

在相爱的过程中，肯定会出现厌烦的时候，有我想放弃的时候，有十分紧张的时候，亦有我感到无望的时候。

真爱并不一定会有持久的幸福。

然而，在厄境中我会坚持下去，因为我能记起我们在过去共同拥有的美好时光，也能预见，假如我们对自己的问题给予足够的重视并加以解决，我们会有光明的前景。

爱，是自愿的。

爱只能是无偿地献出，而不是在需要时赊与。

真爱的付出绝对没有任何附加条件，无条件才是它的品质。

爱，是敞开的。

假如我爱你，我会鼓励你向外发展并建立其他人际关系。

鼓励对方去充分发展自己才是两人相爱的真实证明。

爱，指的是渴望得到我所爱的人，而不是因为缺了对方自己就会不完整。

《英汉翻译技巧》（钟书能主编）翻译练习参考答案第1章翻译练习参考答案：1. 翻译下列词组，注意表达出原文词组的真实含义：（1）电线杆（2）洗耳恭听（3）感到害怕（4）令人扫兴的事或人（5）旧瓶装新酒（6）容易干的事、不重要的事情（7）有贵族血统的、出生名门的（8）生手、没经验的人（9）成或败（10）笑里藏刀2. 翻译下列词组，注意译文的“忠实性”：（1）东西保存时间长，终会派上好用场。

（2）得之艰难失之易。

（3）她来自于丹佛市附近的一个名不见经传的小镇。

（4）她买了13个鸡蛋。

（5）你占着那么多东西，而你自己又不想用，不就像狗占马槽吗？（6）他做事很老成。

（7）众所周知，过胖或过瘦肯定都是不健康的。

（8）我不知道他是否是个内奸。

（9）没有工具，人便一事无成；有了工具，人便无所不能。

（10）这两个星期，我一直坐卧不安地等待结果。

3. 翻译下面语篇，注意译文的“忠实性”和“流畅性”：改变了我生命的一封信丹尼斯·史密斯那时，我还不到30岁，在南布朗克斯第82消防支队做消防员，那也许是当时世界上最忙的消防队了。

一个星期天，天气晴和温暖，人们闲暇无事，邻近社区的活动也就比平时更多，消防员的任务也比平时更多。

那一天，我们肯定接到过15次或20次火警电话，最大的火灾发生在一栋废弃楼房背后的一个车库，光棉裹的水管就拖拽了有600英尺长。

在没有出警任务的间隙里，我会赶紧跑到队里办公室去读葛瑞队长的那份周日版《纽约时报》。

时近傍晚，我才终于读到了“书评”栏目。

一读之下，不由得怒火中烧。

有一篇文章居然公开宣称：诺贝尔文学奖得主，爱尔兰文艺复兴运动的领袖——威廉·巴特勒·叶芝超越了其爱尔兰精神，将永远作为一位世界诗人而被人铭记。

而我认为这简直是胡说八道。

对叶芝这份爱尔兰遗产，我十分引以为豪，很少有什么东西能够胜之。

我服兵役时曾从兵营书架上拿起一本叶芝的诗集，从那时起，他就成为了我最喜爱的爱尔兰作家，其次才是希恩·奥凯西和詹姆斯·乔伊斯。

中南大学本科英语翻译测试卷中南大学考试试卷2007--2008学年一学期时间120分钟翻译理论与实践A卷课程64学时4学分考试形式：闭卷专业年级：英语系04—1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8班总分100分，占总评成绩70% 【Give your answers on ANSWER SHEET attached】I. Judging the following translations with “Y” (good) or “N” (not good): 20 %1．中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。

译文：On two points China can be account. First, it upholds principle and second, it keeps its words.2. 青城山地质地貌独特，植被茂密，气候适宜，林木葱翠，层峦叠嶂，曲径逶迤，古观藏趣。

译文. Endowed with special geological landforms and a mild climate, Qingcheng Mountain enjoys exuberant vegetations and forests through which the paths wind, as well as the ancient temples dispersing in ranges of mountains.3. 一个人在原企业的优秀业绩可以为他今后求职提供“敲门砖”。

译文：An employee’s previous outstandi ng performance isa very important stepping stone to his or her job hunting.4. My table manners are atrocious----in this respect I’ve slipped back hundreds of years in fact, I have no manners whatsoever. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up---in other words, whichever is easiest.译文：我的吃相实在不雅，这方面一下就倒退了几百年，实在是一点规矩也没有。

2012年中南大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．UNESCO正确答案：联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization)2．APEC正确答案：亚太经合组织(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)3．UPU正确答案：万国邮政联盟(Universal Postal Union)4．ASEAN正确答案：东南亚国家联盟(Association of South east Asian Nations)5．WIPO正确答案：世界知识产权组织(World Intellectual Property Organization)6．UNCF正确答案：联合国儿童基金(United Nations Children’s Fund)7．OPEC正确答案：石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)8．GNP正确答案：国民生产总值(Gross National Product)9．NGO正确答案：非政府组织(Non—Governmental Organization) 10．quantitative easing monetary policy正确答案：量化宽松货币政策11．securities margin trading正确答案：证券信用交易12．disaster preparedness正确答案：防灾准备13．credit risk正确答案：信用风险14．structural and imported inflation正确答案：结构性、输入性物价上涨15．haphazard investment正确答案：盲目投资汉译英16．朝阳产业正确答案：emerging industry17．风险防范机制正确答案：risk prevention mechanism18．最低生活保障制度正确答案：minimum living standard security system 19．千人计划正确答案：Thousand Talents Program20．生态移民正确答案：ecological immigration21．物联网正确答案：Internet of things22．节能减排正确答案：energy conservation and emission reduction 23．探月工程正确答案：China’s Lunar Exploration Project24．胶囊公寓正确答案：capsule apartment25．阶梯计价正确答案：differential pricing26．农产品流通体系正确答案：circulation system of agricultural product 27．载人航天正确答案：manned space flight28．放宽市场准入正确答案：ease market access29．保税区正确答案：bonded area30．文明联盟正确答案：Alliance of Civilizations英汉互译英译汉31．It is becoming clear that a whole range of phenomena are transmitted through networks of friends in ways that are not entirely understood: happiness and depression, obesity, drinking and smoking habits, ill-health, the inclination to turn out and vote in elections, a taste for certain music or food, a preference for online privacy, even the tendency to attempt or think about suicide. They ripple through networks “like pebbles thrown into a pond,” says Nicholas Christakis, a medical sociologist at Harvard Medical School in Boston, who has pioneered much of the new work.At first sight, the idea that we can catch the moods, habits and state of health not only of those a-round us, but also those we do not even know seems alarming. It implies that rather than being in charge of where we are going in life, we are little more than back-seat drivers, since most social influence operates at a subconscious level. But we need not be alarmed, says Duncan Watts, a sociologist at Columbia University, New York. “Social influence is mostly a good thing. We should embrace the fact that we’re inherently social creatures and that much of who we are and what we do is determined by forces that are outside the little circle we draw around ourselves. “ What’s more, by being aware of the effects of social contagion we may be able to find ways to counter it, or use it to our benefit. “ There’s no doubt people can have some control over their networks and that this in turn can affect their lives,” says Christakis.To get an idea of what is going on, take Christakis’findings on the spread of happiness, which were published last month. His team looked at a network of several thousand friends, relatives, neighbors and work colleagues. They found that happy people tend to be clustered together, not because they naturally orientate towards each other, but because of the way happiness spreads through social contact over time, regardless of people’s conscious choice of friends.正确答案：人们越来越清晰地认识到，一系列现象以令人捉摸不透的方式在社交圈内出现：快乐和忧郁、肥胖症、饮酒和抽烟的习惯、不健康的身体状况、参加竞选投票的倾向、对某种音乐或食物的喜好、对网上隐私的偏好，甚至尝试或考虑自杀的倾向都是可以传染的。

2012同等学力全国统一考试英语英译汉技巧A节、英译汉一、翻译步骤第一步快速理解文章大意第二步理解分拆长句第三步、直译切分意群第四步、润色、调序、成文二、翻译基本技巧英译汉所有技巧都建立在对原文准确理解的基础上，最终取决于汉语语言能力，表现为语感。

译文只要准确了，就要在表达方式上符合汉语的习惯，因此不管是增删、反译、还是未在此列出的词性转换等都可以凭借汉语的语感完成。

一切以忠实于原文，汉语通顺为准则。

1、增补法2、删减法3、反译法4、被动主动互换（一）几种常考的比较和否定句式的翻译方法(注意more代表比较级，不一定出现more这个字)1、no more…than翻译成汉语“和……一样不”。

逻辑上是双否定。

He is no more intelligent or diligent than I. 他和我一样既不聪明也不勤奋。

2、not so much...as... 翻译成“与其说……，不如说……”。

They succeeded not so much because of their family background as their own efforts.他们成功与其说是其家庭背景，不如说是自己的努力。

3、nothing more than形式上的比较级，常翻成实际的最高级。

In the morning, he loves nothing better than to have a cup of coffee at breakfast.早晨，他最喜欢早餐的时候喝一杯咖啡。

4. can never/not be too +形容词，翻成越…越…，或无论怎么…都不为过。

One can never be too calm when faced with an emergency.遇到紧急情况时，人越镇静越好。

No woman can be too rich or too thin. （这个变体如何理解？）5. The last，表示全否定。

中南大学考试试卷2005-2006学年一学期时间120分钟翻译理论与实践A卷课程64学时4学分考试形式：闭卷专业年级：英语系03—1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8班总分100分，占总评成绩70%【Give your answers on ANSWER SHEET attached】I. Alternative Choice: 15 %1. There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil. The drill may just miss the oil although it is near.译文A：石油钻探很大程度上要靠运气。

哪怕钻机打到石油边上，也可能找不到石油。

译文B：钻探石油有很大的运气，即使钻机就在附近也有可能错过石油。

2．I have no manners whatsoever. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up---in other words, whichever is easiest.译文A：事实上我没有任何规矩，如果我觉得喜欢，我就用手指吃，或用罐头吃，或站着吃——换句话说，看那种吃法最容易。

译文B：我实在是一点规矩也没有。

只要觉得合适，我可用手抓着吃，直接拿着罐头吃，或是站着吃：反正怎么省事就怎么吃。

3.过去的一年．全国人民团结奋斗，开拓进取，社会主义现代化事业取得重大成就。

译文A：In the past, the Chinese people worked hard with a united and pioneering spirit, achieving great success in the drive for socialist modernization.译文B：In the last year, the Chinese people united and worked hard, pioneered and forged ahead, and made great achievements in the cause of China’s so cialist modernization.4. 直到下半天，寻来寻去寻到山坳里，看见刺柴上挂着他的一只小鞋。

Unit 31. 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。

In his speech he laid special stress on raising the quality of the products.2 采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。

The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products.3社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。

Socialist revolution aims at liberating the produ c tive forces.4 他们一不会做工，二不会种地，三不会打仗。

They do not know a thing about factory work, nor about farm work, nor about military affairs.5 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。

The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking efforts.6在全国文明礼貌月中，所有城市必须搞好卫生，清除混乱和不礼貌现象。

During the National Civic Virtues Month, all the cities must clean up, and banish disarray and discourtesy.7. 现在有一些值得注意的现象，比如以权谋私，化公为私。

对这些事情，当然要批评和法办。

At present there are certain phenomena which warrant our attention. For instance, abusing power for personal gains, and approp r iating public property for personal use. Of course, this sort of thing should be criticized and be su b jected to legal punishment.8 中国人民百年以来不屈不挠，再接再厉的英勇斗争，使得帝国主义至今不能灭亡中国，也永远不能灭亡中国Thanks to the Chinese people’s unrelenting and heroic struggle during the last hundred years, imperialism has not been able to subjugate China, nor will it ever be able to do so.9 对外国的科学，技术，文化，不加分析地一改排斥，和不加分析地一概照搬，都不是马克思主义的态度，都对我们的的事业不利。