1. This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments, and deserves special
consideration.
这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中，因此值得专门考虑一下。 (时态)
2. If we had known the properties of the material, we should have made full use of it.
要是当时了解这种材料的特性的话，我们就会充分利用它了。 (虚拟语气)
3. Let P represent the energy which a machine transforms into useful work, and T the total
input work, the efficiency of the engine can be expressed as P/T.
假设 P 表示机器已经变成有用功的能量， T 表示总输入功，那么，发电机的效率可以表示为 P/T。
4. Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.
应当注意机器的工作温度。 (被动语态)
5. The solar wind grossly distorts the earth's magnetic field, dragging it out to a long tail.
太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化，将它向外拉牵，扯出一条长尾。
6. Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.
电视通过无线电波发射和接受各种活动物体的图像。 (名词化结构)
7. An understanding of the essential character of scientific investigation is best acquired
from the study of a representative particular science.
要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。
8. Apart from the international agencies controlled by the U.N., many scientific and
technological organizations, both governmental and privately owned, are pooling their resources and incorporating themselves into supra-national bodies; a good example is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, with over 20 member-countries throughout the world.
除去联合国直属的国际机构之外，许多科技组织不论是政府的还是私营的，都在将它们的资源汇集起来并将自己合并成超国家的组织。由世界上 20 多个国家参加的经济合作与发展组织就是一个范例。
9. The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste on
which during the heat of the day the sun blazed down with relentless fury, but where during the long night the cold is so intense that it far surpasses anything ever experienced on the earth.
月球完全是一个毫无生气的世界，是一片多山的不毛之地。在酷热的白昼，太阳向它倾泻着无情的烈焰，而漫长的严寒却远远不是我们在地球上所能体验到的。 (多长句和逻辑关联词)
10. Computing machines are essentially machines for recording numbers , operating with
numbers, and giving the result in numerical form.
计算机本质上是一种记录数字、运算数字并给出数字结果的机器。 (介词的广泛使用)
11. The ON condition makes the data equipment ready to the communication equipment to
b e connected to the communication channel.
数据(存储)设备在接通状态时通过通道与通信设备连接。
12. Then the surgeon cut him open and took out the appendix and stitched him up again.
医生切开他的腹部，割除了阑尾，又把他腹部缝好。
13. Design is a series of operations involved in taking a product from a conceptual stage to a
f o rm that meets both company goals and customer expectations.
设计是一系列的操作，包含该产品从构思阶段到同时满足公司目标和客户期望的结构样式。
14. After the spring has been close to its solid height , the compressive force is removed.
弹簧被压缩到接近并紧高度之后就没有压力了。
15. To get an idea of electrical pressure , let us consider a simple analogy.
为了得出电压的概念，让我们考虑一个简单的类似情况。
16. This laser beam covers a very narrow range of frequencies.
这种激光束的频率范围很窄。
17. The shadow cast by an object is long or short according as the sun is high up in the
heaven or near the horizon.
物体投影的长短取决于太阳是高挂天空还是靠近地平线。
18. Earthquakes seem less easy to be controlled by man than weather.
人类要控制地震似乎比控制天气更难。 (语序调整法)
19. These waves, which are commonly called radio waves, travel with the velocity of light.
这些电波一般以光的速度进行传播，它们通常被称为无线电波。
20. To picture the stress state, select the original a reference system at the center of the
contact area with x parallel to the cylindrical axes, y perpendicular to the plane formed by the two cylinder axes, and z in the plane of the contact force.
为描述应力状态，选择参考坐标系，原点选在接触面的中心， x 轴平行于圆柱体的轴线， y 轴垂直圆柱体轴线所形成的平面， z 轴处于接触力所在的平面。 (重组法) 21. This article aims at discussing new developments in component material and techniques.
本文的目的在于讨论元件材料和元件技术的新发展。 (动词转换为名词)
22. These products tend to react with soap and detergents and produce soap scum.
这些产品往往会跟肥皂和洗涤剂发生反应，进而产生肥皂浮渣。(动词转换为副词) 23. The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor
productivity.
使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。 (名词转换为动词)
24. This experiment is an absolute necessity in determining the best processing route.
对确定最佳工艺流程而言，这次实验是绝对必要的。 (名词转换为形容词)
25. Both of the substances are not soluble in water.
这两种物质都不溶于水。 (形容词转换为动词)
26. This metal is less hard than that one.
这种金属的硬度比那种差。 (形容词转换为名词)
27. The capacity to move information quickly and inexpensively is due to entirely new uses
of communications.
快速廉价的信息传递是由于通讯设备彻底更新的原因。 (副词转换为形容词)
28. It is demonstrated that dust is extremely hazardous.
已经证实，粉尘具有极大的危害。 (副词转换为形容词)
29. Chlorine is very active chemically.
氯的化学性能很活跃。 (副词转换为名词)
30. After careful investigation they found the design behind.
经过仔细研究后，他们发现这个设计落后了。 (副词转换为动词)
31. The best conductor has the least resistance and the poorest has the greatest.
最好的导体电阻最小，最差的导体电阻最大。 (增加省略的名词)
32. The bond between mathematics and the life sciences has been strengthened by the
emergence of a whole group of applied mathematics specialties, such as biometrics，psychometrics, and econometrics.
生物统计学、心理测验学、计量经济学等一大批应用数学专业学科的出现，大大加强了数学和生命科学之间的联系。 (增加概括性的名词)
33. Deflation has now reached unprecedented level.
通货紧缩已经发展到了空前严重的地步。 (增加形容词)
34. Carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon oxides.
碳与氧化合后便构成各种碳氧化合物。 (增加关联词)
35. A new kind of computer —small, cheap, fine —is attracting increasing attention.
一种新型的计算机越来越引起人们的注意—这种计算机体积小巧、价格低廉、性能优越。 (增加具有修饰作用的名词)
36. The resistance of a given section of an electric circuit is equal to the ratio of its voltage to
the current through this section of the circuit.
电路某一段的电阻等于其电压与流过该段电路的电流之比。 (定冠词的省译) 37. Since copper possesses good conductivity, it is widely used in electrical engineering.
由于铜具有良好的导电性，所以被广泛应用于电气工程。
38. Hydrogen is the lightest element with an atomic weight of 1.008.
氢是最轻的元素，原子量是 1.008 。(省译某些介词搭配中的介词)
39. Therefore the transformer can be used to step up or step down alternating voltage.
因此，变压器可以用来升降压。
40. Ductility of a metal is usually much less when hot than when cold.
热状态的金属韧性一般要比冷状态的金属低得多。
41. When an electric current flows through a wire, the wire will get hot.
当电流通过电线时，电线就热了。 (动词的省译)
42. It is essential that the mechanic or technician understand well the characteristics of
battery circuits and cells.
技术人员很好地了解电池的电路特性以及连接电池的适当方法是必不可少的。 (修辞性省译)
43. X-ray have the same nature as visible light, but their wavelength is much less.
X 射线与可见光的性质相同，但 X 射线的波长要短得多。 (代词的重译)
44. Gas, oil, and electric furnaces are most widely used in industry.
工业上广泛应用的是煤气炉、油炉和电炉。 (多枝共干结构中共有成份的重译) 45. As substitutes for natural gemstones, ruby and blue sapphire are the most favored colors.
作为天然宝石的替代品，红宝石和蓝宝石的颜色非常漂亮，因此深受人们的欢迎。
(分译副词)
46. A few of the pictures are worth mentioning both for their technical excellence and
interesting content.
有些照片技术高超、内容有趣，值得一提。 (分译介词短语)
47. Being very small, this force may be neglected.
这个力很小，所以可以忽略不计。 (分译分词短语)
48. Analysis of a damaged material usually requires intuitive judgment followed by real-time
testing.
我们在分析破损材料时，通常需要先做直观判断，再做时间检验。 (分译名词化结构)
49. Plastics is made from water which is a natural resource inexhaustible and available
everywhere, coal which can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost, and lime which can be obtained from the calcinations of limestone widely present in nature.
塑料是由水、煤和石灰组成的。水是取之不尽的到处可以获得的天然资源；煤是用自动化和机械化手段开采的，成本较低；石灰是由煅烧自然界中广泛存在的石灰石得来的。 (长句的翻译)
50. Generally speaking, the typical metal conducts electricity and heat. It shows lustrous
surface, usually with white, or so-called metallic luster. It is ductile and malleable.
一般来说，典型的金属能导热导电，表面有光泽，具有延展性和可锻性。 (英语单句的合译)
51. The Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL), which is funded by the
Department of Transport, estimated this figure after monitoring the routes that a selection of drivers decided to follow between given places.
这个估计数字是由运输部资助的运输与道路研究实验室对一些指定的司机在指定地点之间所决定的行车路线进行检测后得出的。
52. This type of“early discovery”of lung cancer followed by surgical cure, which currently
seems to be the most effective form of therapy, is often bubbled by diverse biologic behaviors in the rate and direction of the growth of cancer.
人们希望期发现”肺癌，随后进行外科治疗，因为外科治疗可能是效果最好的办法。然而，由于肺癌生长速度和生长方向等生物学特征有很大差异，早期发现的希望往往落空。 (英语减少分句的复句合译)
53. “EST Reading and Translation ”is the only reference book available here on the subject.
《科技英语阅读与翻译》是这里惟一能找到的有关该题目的参考书。
54. The Industrial Revolution started in England at the second half of the 18th century.
工业革命 18 世纪后半叶，在英国开始。
55. Beijing has designated three hospitals with experience treating SARS patient to receive
swine flu patients.
北京政府已经指定三家有治疗 SARS 病人经验的医院来接收猪流感病人。 (缩略语的零翻译)
56. Power can be transmitted over a long distance.
电力可以远距离输送。 (根据学科领域或专业确定词义，同一词在同一专业领域中也会有不同的词义)
57. Insulators can also conduct electricity to some extent, though they give a high resistance
to an electric current.
绝缘体虽然电阻很大，抑制电流流通，但在某种程度上也是可以导电的。
58. This computer is specialized in processing the statistics collected during the market
survey.
这台电脑专门负责处理在市场调查中收集的数据。
59. The liquid carries the current through cell between the two plates.
液体使电流通过电池，由一块极板流向另一块极板。
60. This current which flows first in one direction and then in the other is called an
alternation current.
这种流向改变的电流成为交流电。 (动词的词义引申)
61. Here we have a potential difference, and yet not current.
在这种情况下，有电位差而没有电流。
62. These machines have been used extensively and very successfully for some years
especially in the USA.
这些机械近年来尤其是在美国应用得非常广泛和成功。
63. Adverse to iron, mercury is in a liquid state at ordinary temperature.
水银与铁不同，在常温下是液态。
64. The computer can read in and out information in less than a second.
这台计算机能在不到一秒钟的时间里输入和输出数据。
65. I can’t concentrate on my work with so many machines making so much nois e.
由于机器噪音太大，我的精力难以集中在工作上。
66. Xrays have the same nature as visible light, but their wavelength is much less.
X 射线与可见光的性质相同，但 X 射线的波长要短得多。
67. Matter has certain features or properties that enable us to recognize it easily.
物质具有一定的特征，因此我们能很容易地识别它。
68. Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller units known as“subatomic
particles. ”
原子虽小，却仍由叫做“亚原子粒子”的更小单位组成。
69. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions.
两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。
70. Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled.
几乎所有的物质都热胀冷缩。
71. Sound is carried by air, and without air there can be no sound.
声音靠空气传播，因此没有空气也就没有声音。 (连词的省略)
72. IPC is more reliable than common computer.
工控机的可靠性比普通计算机要高。 (形容词转移为名词)
73. The electricity crisis can be solved as long as low-cost power is available.
只要能获得低成本的电力，电力紧张问题就会解决。 (形容词转译为动词)
74. The dielectric material is not perfect , so a small leakage current will flow through it.
电容电介材料是不完全绝缘的，因而会有少量的泄露电流流出。 (形容词前増译名词)
75. The electrons to move freely play an important role in the formation of electric current.
自由运动的电子在电流形成中起着重要的作用。 ( 容词 +不定式短语”结构可译
为汉语的“的”字结构)
76. Many problems, both technological and financial, need to be solved.
许多问题需要解决，既包括技术问题又包括财政问题。 (形容词并列结构)
77. Such recent terms as chemical physics and biophysics are indicative of the widening
application of the principles of physics, even in the studies of living organisms.
像化学物理学和生物物理学这类新术语，就是物理原理被推广应用的明证，表明其应用范围甚至已扩展到生物机理的研究中。 (作表语的形容词)
78. Traditionally, our society has trained men to be comfortable with competition and
uncomfortable with intimacy.
社会培养男性的传统模式使得他们能够从容的面对竞争，面对亲情却无所适从。79. The reserve voltage gain can usually be neglected.
反向电压增益通常可以忽略不计。 (被动语态副词直译)
80. The expansion of metal on heating must be taken into consideration before a long metal
bridge is built.
要建造金属大桥，就必须考虑金属的热膨胀特性。 (增补法)
81. The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means of a
generator or dynamo.
利用发电机能把机械能再转变成电能。
82. While small generators frequently have revolving armatures，large machines usually have
stationary armatures and revolving fields.
小型发电机常采用旋转电枢，而大型发电机常采用静止电枢，旋转磁场。
83. Modern industry needs considerable quantities of this metal， either in the form of iron or
in the form of steel.
现代工业对这种金属的需求量很大，无论是铁的形式还是钢的形式。
84. If you treble the distance between an object and the earth ， the gravitational attraction
gets nine times weaker.
如果一个物体与地球之间的距离增加两倍，则它收到地球的引力会减小到原来的1/9。
85. In 1943 the British developed a new type of radar set which used a much shorter
wavelength.
1943 年，英国人发明了一种波长短得多的新型雷达。
86. Knowing the properties of the material， we can make full use of it.
知道这种材料的特性后，我们就能充分利用它了。
87. Being stable in air at ordinary temperature , mercury combines with oxygen if heated.
即使常温下水银在空气中是稳定的，但给他加热它就会与氧结合。
88. In fact , materials as used in transistors do not exist in nature but are man-made.
实际上，晶体管中所用的材料是人造的，在自然界中并不存在。
89. Physical chemistry applies the methods of physics to the study of chemical systems.
物理化学是物理学的研究方法应用于研究化学规律。
90. For about the last 200 years , the structural theory has been developed by scientists ,
mathematicians and engineers , with the very practical object of providing a reliable basis for the design of structures by calculation.
近 200 年来，科学家、数学家和工程师们发展了结构理论，其目的在于通过计算给结构物的设计工作提供可靠的基础。
91. It will become possible, with the aid of electronic computer, to produce goods by teams
of machines that transfer materials from one to another.
借助电子计算机，利用几组机器把材料从一台机器传送到另一台机器来生产产品将成为现实。 (不定式短语的倒译)
92. When the effect of inductance is such as to cause induced voltage in the same circuit in
which the changing current is flowing, the term self-induction is applied to the phenomenon.
当电感效应在变化的电流流过的同一电路里足以引起感应电压时，我们就用“自感”
这个词来描述这一现象。 (不定式作定语译成主谓关系短语)
93. To allow our silicon crystal to conduct electricity, we must find a way to allow some
electron to move from place within the crystal.
为了让硅晶体导电，我们必须寻找一种方法让一些电子在晶体内移动。 (不定式作目的状语采用顺译法)
94. Short circuits would cause every strong currents to flow.
短路会使得很大的电流流过。
95. The primary concern of electrical engineering is the doing of work by the delivery of
energy.
电工学主要关注的是通过输送能量做功的情况。
96. The last 10 years witnessed the great changes in the development of hydroelectric power
in China.
最近 10 年，中国在水力发电方面取得了重大进展。
97. Various substances differ widely in their conductivity.
各种材料的传导性有很大不同之处。 (谓语转译成宾语)
98. This material is sound-proof.
这种材料具有隔音效果。 (表语转译为宾语)
99. The new equipments provide a relatively small loss of energy.
新设备的耗能较小。
100. In China, the first nuclear power plant was put in operation in Dayawan, Guangdong Province, in 1994.
中国的第一个核电站于 1994 年在广东大亚湾开始运行。
101. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has strong affinity.
铝总是和其他元素结合在一起，最普遍的是和氧结合在一起，因为铝对氧有很强的亲和力。由于这个原因，在自然界中任何地方都找不到游离状态的铝；所以一直到十九世纪人们才知道有铝。 (倒译法)
102. Great efforts will be made to achieve advancement and independent innovation of technology, which will lead to improved safety and cost-efficiency of nuclear power reactors and competitiveness of nuclear power.
我们将更努力实现先进的技术和技术的自我更新，这将提高核反应堆的安全和成本
效益及核电的综合性能。
103. When you use a computer to process information, you must have input, which is the data you will deal with; you must process the data, which is the act of doing something with data according to instructions, and you must have output, which is the result of your processing.
使用计算机处理信息时，必须输入所要处理的数据；同时必须按工作指令处理这些数据；最后，还必须有输出，即处理的结果。 (重组法)
104. There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity.
某些金属具有导电的能力。
105. The amount of deformation is directly proportional to the applied stress provided the force does not exceed a certain limit.
如果外力不超过某一限度的话，那么，形变量与外力成正比。 (条件状语从句的翻译)
106. Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonic, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be.
各种机器零件，不管多脏，也不管形状多么不规则，用超声波处理，都可以清理得干干净净，甚至像新零件一样。 (让步状语从句的翻译)
107. The ozone layer which surrounds the earth shields the planet lest it be subjected to strong ultraviolet radiation.
地球上空的臭氧层起着保护地球，以免其受紫外线强烈辐射。
108. Obviously there was little probability that they would succeed in electrolysis.
很明显，他们在电解方面成功的可能性是极小的。
109. Scientists have already known that under the extreme temperatures, say 260 ℃ , metal presents zero resistance, that is, superconductivity of metal.
科学家们已经了解到，在极端的温度下，比如零下260℃，金属呈零电阻，也就是说，金属具有超导性。
110. The principal objection to arc lighting was its high intensity, making it unsuitable for most indoor applications.
人们反对弧光灯，主要是由于其灯光强度高，因此，不适用于大多数的室内照明。
(译成人称主语句)
111. The airplane is supported by the wings; it is propelled by the power plant; it is guided by its control surfaces.
飞机靠机翼支撑，靠动力装置推进，靠操纵面导向。
112. The deficiency of such observations will be eliminated by the installation of more o ceanbottom seismographs.
安装更多的海底地震仪可以弥补这种观测上的不足。
113. It should be noted that increasing the length of the wire will increase its resistance.
应当注意，增加导线长度会增加其电阻。
114. If something should go wrong, the signal lamp would light up.
万一发生了什么事故，信号灯就会照亮。
115. So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
光的传播如此之快，以致我们难以想象它的速度有多大。
116. Should the current be cut off, coil would return to its original position.
如果切断电流，线圈即恢复原来位置。
117. Set an object in motion, and it will keep on moving because of its inertia.
使物体运动起来，它就会因惯性作用而继续运动。
118. He developed a computer model based on the data accumulated in these studies.
他根据研究中积累的数据研制了一个计算机模型。
119. If broken anywhere, the electric circuit will immediately stop carrying a current.
不论在什么地方切断，电路都会立即停止通电。
120. One China-made 300MW PWR reactor and turbogenerator unit has been installed at Qinshan in Zhejiang province.
一套国产的 30 万压水堆发电机组已安装在浙江省的秦山。
121. Neither refractory materials nor magnetic materials can be used to make the part.
耐火材料和磁性材料都不适合生产这种零件。
122. No grinding must be applied to the work.
这种工件根本不必采用磨削加工。
123. Never touch a switch when your hands are wet.
严禁湿手触摸开关。
124. The engine did not stop because the fuel was finished.
引擎停止运转并非因为燃料耗尽。
125. If a river turns the turbines, it does all the necessary work, and no fuel is needed.
如果河水推动了涡轮机，那就完成了所有必要的工作，不再需要任何燃料了。126. We shall consent to the designing plan under no circumstance.
在任何情况下，我们都不会同意这个设计方案。
127. These basic concepts must be kept in mind in our discussion.
我们讨论问题时，不能忘记这些基本点。
128. The scientists made a solemn pledge at the conference, saying，“we’ll forever live up to what our Party and the people expect of us.”
科学家们在会上庄严地保证说：“我们绝不辜负党和人民对我们的期望。”129. There was something wrong with the meter before we finished the experiment.
我们还没做完实验，这台仪表就坏了。
130. The performance of the machine is short of the requirements.
机器的性能没有达到要求。
131. The task was anything but easy.
这项任务根本不容易。
132. All metals do not conduct electricity equally well.
并非所有金属的导电性都能同样好。
133. Both the instruments are not precision ones.
这两件东西不都是精密仪器。
134. Everything is not straightened out.
并非每一个问题都弄清楚了。
135. Digital oscilloscopes cannot be often used in our experiments.
数字示波器不常用在我们的实验中。
136. Friction is not always useless, in certain cases it becomes a helpful necessity.
摩擦并不总是无用的，在某些情况下它是有益的、必需的。
137. There is no rule that has no exception.
任何规则都不会没有例外。
138. Without computer ,we could not finish these complicated jobs so easily.
要是没有计算机，我们就不可能如此轻而易举地完成这些复杂工作。
139. There is no denying the truth.
真理是不能否认的。
140. It is impossible for heat to be converted into a certain kind of energy without something lost.
一点不损耗就把热能转换成某种能量是不可能的。
141. Nothing is unnecessary.
没有什么是不必要的。
142. He must have completed his design.
他的设计不可能还没完成。
143. But that we did the experiment, we could not have got the correct result.
不做这个实验，我们就不能得到正确的结果。
144. Rarely do metals occur in nature in a pure form by themselves.
在自然界，金属很少以纯金属的形式单独存在。
145. The installed capacity in this power plant hardly changes at all.
这个电厂的装机容量几乎没有什么变化。
146. Very little error is introduced if the magnetic branch is transferred to the primary terminals.
将励磁支路转移至输入端几乎产生不了多大误差。
147. Global deforestation and the use of fossil fuels accelerate the trend of global warming.
全球的毁林以及矿物燃料的使用加剧了全球变暖的趋势。
148. Deforestation 含有否定含义，翻译时译作“毁林”。
Only recently Canadian researchers, probing the pickled brain of Albert Einstein, found that he had an unusually large inferior parietal.
最近，几位加拿大学者对泡在盐水里的爱因斯坦的大脑研究了一番，他们发现这位科学家有一个大得出奇的下顶叶。
149. Blackouts are now history in Sichuan, thanks to a crash program of construction of power grids.
由于搞了一个应急电网建设项目，四川经常停电的历史已经一去不复返了。
150. How imperfect the rules and regulations are!
这些规章制度多不完善！
1.To find the area of a square or oblong,you merely multiply its length by its width. 将长乘以宽就可以得到这个长方形的面积。 2.This suggests that matter can be converted into energy. 这就是说物质可以转化为能量，能量也可以转化为物质。 3.Quantum chemistry is still in its infancy. 量子化学仍处于发展初期。 4.Even the protective environment is no insurance against death from lack of oxygen. 即使有防护措施，也不能保证不发生因缺氧而死亡的情况。 5.In any amchine, input work equals output work plus work done against friction. 任何机器的输入功都等于输出功加上客服摩擦所做的功。 6.Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 地震通常比火山爆发更具有杀伤力。 7.Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. 应慢慢加热以避免出现局部过热现象。 8.How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. 燃料燃烧的速度取决于它与氧气或空气的混合程度。 9.Gene mutation is of great importance in breeding new varieties. 在新品种培育方面，基因突变是非常重要的。 10.Peptides can act directly on the brain to change aspects of mental activity. 肽能够直接作用于大脑，改变各种脑力活动。 11.The language allows a concise expression of arithmetic and logic processes. 这种语言能简要地表达算术和逻辑过程。 12.E-Chemmerce, now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical,platic and energy e-commerce. 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 13.These images tend to exaggerate the robet’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 14.Since some materials are not demaged easily as others,the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 15.A lot of counties have set up paver stations,chemical fertilizer plants and a hundred and one other factories. 许多县已建立了发电站，化肥厂以及许多别的工厂。 16.The periodic table contains more than one hundred chemical elements belonging to eight families. 元素周期表由属于8个族的100多个化学元素组成。 17.An increase in the oxygen content of coal by 1% reduces the calorific value by some 1.7% . 煤的含氧量每增加1%，其热值则下降约1.7%。 18.Putting two and two together, he came to the conclusion that mechanical energy is different from electrical energy. 他根据事实推断出一个结论：机械能不同于电能。
科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can ex plain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译） 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译） The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译） 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译） 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon. 植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译） 太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译） 医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced. 这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译） 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译）
1. Automation in this true sense is brought to full fruition only through a thorough exploitation of its three major elements, communication, computation, and control----the three “Cs”．自动化按其确切的意义，只有全面运用通信、计算和控制三个主要组成部分（“三C" )才能完全实现。 2. In the case of the blast-furnace, the computer would need to be supplied with information about the raw material which goes into the furnace, the temperatures at which the furnace works, and the best way of dealing with the various ingredients.就高炉来说，需要给计算机提供装人高炉的原料的信息、高炉工作温度的信息和处理各种各样配料的最好方法等方面的资料。 3. The operation of this part of the steel plant is a complex and highly skilled operation, requiring a great deal of knowledge, a great deal of integrated information and rapid decision-making, to make sure the furnace operates efficiently in relation to the next stage in the process.钢厂的高炉操作是一项复杂而要求技术熟练的作业，需要大量的知识和大量的综合信息，并迅速地做出判定选择，以便确保高炉工艺流程中的下一阶段的有效工作。 4. All the time，information，and the actions taken by the computer as a result，are also fed upwards to what we might call general manager computers，or perhaps I ought to say，in order to prevent misunderstanding, computers to assist the general managers，to help them to decide what variations，if any，in routine or organization would be involved in order to operate the various departments in a more efficient manner，in line with general managerial policy.信息数据和计算机据此所进行的运算，也总是往上面送到称为总管理计算机的机构中去（或许我应该说，为了防止误解，总管理计算机就是对管理人员起辅助作用的计算机），帮助他们决定在例行工作中或组织机构中进行什么样的变化（如果有的话），以便更有效地管理各个部门，使之与总的经营政策协调一致。 5. One welcome result would be that committee meetings and conferences could be made much briefer and much more business-like—and in many instance abolished altogether.一个受欢迎的结果将可能是使委员会会议和大会讨论更加简洁和条理清晰，更加实事求是和有效率。而且在许多情况下，完全不需要开会。 Unit2 1. Nissan unveiled a new production city car—the Pixo—and a battery-electric concept car highlighting Nissan’s focus on electric drive for the future, the NuVu.尼桑推出了一种新产品—城市汽车Pixo和一款电力驱动的概念车—NuVu预示了尼桑未来的重点会放在电力驱动车
mobile and cellular radio移动和细胞广播 in comparison to the relative stability and modest technical developments which are occurring in long haul wideband microwave communication systems there is rapid development and expanding deployment of new mobile personal communication system. These rang from wide coverage area pagers,for simple data message transmission,which employ common standards and hence achieve contiguous coverage over large geographical areas,such as all the major urban centres and transport routes in Europe,Asia or the continental USA.This chapter discusses the special channel characteristics of mobile systems and examines the typical cellular clusters adopted to achieve continuous communication with the mobile user.It then highlights the important properties of current,and emerging,TDMA and code division multiple access(CDMA), mobile digital cellular communication systems. Private mobile radio Terrestrial mobile radio works best at around 250 MHz as lower frequencies than this suffer from noise and interference while higher frequencies experience multipath propagation from buildings,etc,section 15.2.In practice modest frequency bands are allocated between 60MHz and 2GHz. Private mobile radio(PMR) is the system which is used by taxi companies,county councils,health authorities,ambulance services,fire services,the utility industries,etc,for mobile communications. PMR has three spectral at VHF,one just below the 88 to 108 MHz FM broadcast band and one just above this band with another allocation at approximately 170MHz.There are also two allocations at UHF around 450MHz. all these spectral allocations provide a total of just over 1000 radio channels with the channels placed at 12KHz channel spacings or centre frequency offsets. Within the 12khz wide channal the analogue modulation in PMR typically allows 7khz of bandwidth for the signal transmission.when further allowance is made for the frequency drift in the oscillators of these systems a peak deviation of only 2 to 3 khz is available for the speech traffic. Traffic is normally impressed on these systems by amplitude modulation or frequency modulation and again the receiver is of the ubiquitous superheterodyne design,Figure 1.4. A double conversion receiver with two separate local oscillator stages is usually required to achieve the required gain and rejection of adjacent channel signals. One of the problems with PMR receiver is that they are requiredto detect very small signals,typically—120dBm at the antenna output,corresponding to 0.2 uV,and,after demodulating this signal,produce ann output with perhaps 1W of audio equipment, the first IF is normally at10.7MHz and the second IF is very orten at 455KHz . unfortunately,with just over 1000 available channels for the whole of the UK and between 20000and30000issued licences for these systems,it is inevitable that the average busuness user will have to share the allocated channel with other companies in their same geographical area. There are various modes of operation for mobile radio communications networks, the simplest of which is singal frequency simplex. In simplex communication, traffic is broadcast, or one way. PMR uses half duplex(see later Table 15.3) where, at the end of each transmission period, there is a handover of the single channel to the user previously receiving, in order to permit them to reply over the same channel. This is efficient in that it requires only one frequency allocation for the communication link but it has the disadvantage that all units can
科技英语的特点与翻译 一、科技英语的特点 科技英语（English for science and technology，EST）指与用于科学和技术交流方面的英语口语和书面语。作为一种重要的英语语体，其特点主要体现在 以下几个方面。 1、词汇方面 大量使用专业词汇、复合词、缩略词及利用前后缀构成的派生词。专业词汇意义专一，用来表示明确的含义。科技词汇多源于希腊语和拉丁语，是因为这两种语言作为英语的重要来源，是世界上成熟最早和最完备的语言中的两种，词汇不再发生词形、词义上的变化，具有稳定性。 2、句子方面 多使用长句和被动语态，大量使用名词化结构（nominalization）和非限定动词。另外，各种成份（如介词短语、形容词及其短语、副词、分词及从句等）作定语并后置，多使用It…that…结构句型、被动结构句型、as结构句型、分词短语结构句型和省略句结构句型等常用句型。名词化结构有利于行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切，也可使所含信息量增大，尤其是科技英语强调存在的事实，而非个别行为。不定式短语、-ing分词短语和-ed分词短语这三种非限定动词形式具有齐备的语法功能，可代替各种从句，这样既可缩短句子，行文简练，结构紧凑， 又比较醒目。 3、形态方面 科技英语在时态运用上有限，多用过去时和现在时。尤其是多用一般现在时，以表述无时间性的科学定义、定理、公式、现象、过程等。另外，科技英语多用逻辑性语法词（logical grammatical operators），如表示原因的如because (of)、due (owing) to、as (a result of)、caused by、for等，表示语气转折的如but、however、nevertheless、otherwise、yet等，表示逻辑顺序的如so、therefore、thus、furthermore、 moreover、in addition to等。 4、文体方面
科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准第1节翻译练习 1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induc tion motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习 2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped co nditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to posse ss weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管 在许多场合替代电子管。我们知道 所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。空间狭窄,旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。第1节翻译练习 3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belongin g to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成 叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’ s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) pro bably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。 直译 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。 意译 The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end prod uct. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。 意译 要使印刷品的质量达到要求 部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。 意译 第4节翻译练习 2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is cause d by dust in the air near the horizon. 植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。 合译 太阳的大小看起来有变化 这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。 分译 医生对血样作了分析 看是不是贫血症。 分译 These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than on e. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being mad e and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced. 这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等 大的直径有1000公里 小的不到1公里。 分译 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件 后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。 分译 第4节翻译练习 3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。 增译 人们发现 自然界里许多元素 都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。 增译 The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltag e and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamen tal laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特 后者是电压的单位 前者是电流的单位。 增译 同性电荷相斥 异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。 省译 第4节翻译练习 4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric c harge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的
10. Translation of EST 科技英语的特点与翻译 科技英语一般是指科技著述、科技论文和报告、实验报告和方案等文字资料的书面英语。科技英语文体通常有如下几个特点。 I. 词汇特点 plot plan 建筑总图 Damping 阻尼 Resistance 力学“阻力” 电学“电阻” Resistance to heat 耐热性 Resistance to wear 耐磨性 Hydroxide 氢氧化物 Ease quantitative easing 量化宽松货币政策 Isotope 同位素 Carrier 邮递员-邮政业 航空母舰–军事 搬运工–运输业 载体–化学 带菌者、媒介物—医药学 底盘—车辆制造 载波–无线电 托架、传导管—机械
2.非专业词汇 科技文体除使用专业词汇和术语外，还大量使用普通词汇，这时，普通词汇词义多样，用法灵活。 Two metal surfaces rubbing together cause friction and heat; but if they are separated by a thin film of oil, the friction and heat are reduced. 两个金属面相擦，就会产生摩擦和热；但如果在它们之间抹上薄薄的一层油，就可以减少摩擦，降低热度。 Whichever the two two-way switches（双路开关）are left, one of the wires is “alive” and the other is dead. 无论两个双路开关合在那一边。两根导线中总有一根是带电的，一根是不带电的。Such a ring of conductors is called an electric circuit. 导体的这样一个环路称为电路。 II. 词法特点 科技英语的一个明显特点是名词化倾向，即广泛使用名词词组，简化句子结构，追求言简意赅的效果。 oil pump 油泵 network information centre 网络信息中心 test -tube baby 试管婴儿 the automation of information management and office automation 信息管理和办公室管理的自动化 room temperature 室温 Power generation 发电 The problem is now under intensive study. 这个问题目前正在广泛研究之中。 Organic matter (有机物) may accumulate on sands because of the shortage of lime（石灰）. 由于缺少石灰，有机物可能积存在砂土上。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接收活动物体的图像。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis (轴) causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜变化。 The slightly porous nature of the surface of oxide film allows it to be colored with either organic or inorganic dyes. 1）It produces a great quantity of oil which can be made into food for human consumption. 这样，就能生产出大量的油，供人们食用。 2）Because it burns brightly, it is used for illumination. 因为它燃烧时非常明亮，也可以用来照明。 III. 大量使用图表、公式。 表示假设前提let, suppose, assume, imagine Let∠ABC be an angel of 90°. Suppose that a ray of light is directed from below the surface in Figure 4.1. Given that … Refer to Find/determine Neglect IV.语法形式上，该文体属于正式文体，所以，句子结构完整，长句多。时态运用以一
Types of Sustainability The four types of sustainability include human, economic, social, and environmental. All four are required to maintain the entirety of life on Earth. Although interconnected, it is important to note the differences of each in terms of its nature and requirements. Types of Sustainability / Human The very basic need of human sustainability is good reproductive health and safe childbearing. Those that reproduce have the responsibility of caring for their children, giving them access to proper education, and promoting their health and wellness. At some point, the children should have enough skills and knowledge such that they can sustain their own way of life. It is at that point that they become considered as productive human capital as well as individuals that can go through the process of reproduction and rearing. As long as this process is maintained at a rate that all human systems can support, human sustainability should be no cause for concern. Types of Sustainability / Economic In simple terms, economic sustainability is having a set amount of capital for a certain period. Those who consume that capital must also conserve it so that they will continue to enjoy it towards the end of the specified period. This means that we must preserve all our resources as we consume them so that human beings in the future can enjoy them as well. To achieve this, we must regenerate our resources at a rate that is equal to or faster than our consumption. Types of Sustainability / Social Social capital is an important aspect of sustainability because it is through communities and civil societies that humankind can easily and inexpensively work together. Without proper levels of social capital, it can easily deplete and violence as well as mistrust can take over. When that happens, societies and everything else that depends on them will be destroyed. Through proper maintenance of and adherence to laws, rules, and values that societies have developed for the common good, social sustainability can be achieved. Types of Sustainability / Environmental Environmental sustainability is important because it involves natural resources that human beings need for economic or manufactured capital. Materials taken from nature are used for solutions that address human needs. If nature is depleted faster than it can regenerate, human beings will be left without raw materials. Furthermore, environmental sustainability also involves ensuring that waste emissions are at volumes that nature can handle. If not, all humans and other living things on Earth can be harmed to the point of extinction. 可持续性分类 四种可持续性包括人类可持续性，经济可持续性，社会可持续性和环境可持续性。这四种可持续性都应维持地球上生命的完整性。尽管他们相互联系，但观注他们在性质上的细节差异和要求仍是很重要的。人类可持续性 人类可持续性的基本要求是良好的生殖健康和安全分娩。人类有责任
科技英语翻译 中篇 第一章科技英语翻译常用技巧 1.Gases differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the later. 气体和固体的区别在于前者比后者有更大的压缩性。 2.The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity. 使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。 3.The flowing of current first in one direction, and then in another makes an alternating current. 电流先向一个方向流动，然后又向另一个方向流动构成交流电。 4.If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics. 我们如果不知道原子的结构，就不可能研究核子物理学。 5.Both of the substances are not soluble in water. 这两种物质都不溶于水。 6.Whenever one body touches another, heat always passes by the conduction from the warmer to the colder. 当一个物体接触到另一个物体时，热量总是从较热的物体传导到较冷的物体。 7.All of this proves that we must have a profound study of properties of protein. 所有这一切证明，我们必须深入的研究蛋白质的特性。 8.The wide application of electronic computers affects tremendously the development of science and technology. 电子计算机的广泛应用对科学和技术的发展有极大的影响。 9.Gasoline is appreciably volatile. 汽油具有很强的挥发性。 10.The parts must be proportionally correct. 这些零件的比例必须准确无误。 11.In this case the temperature in the furnace is up. 在这种情况下，炉温就升高。 12.Without steel, there would be no modern industry. 如果没有钢铁，就不会有现代工业。 13.The new precision machine tools are good in quality and fine in shape. 新型精密机床质量上乘，样式美观。 14.Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。 15.The bond between mathematics and life sciences has been strengthened by the emergence of a whole group of applied mathematics specialties, such as biometrics, psychometrics, and economics. 生物统计学、心理测验学和计量经济学等一大批应用数学专业学科的出现，大大加强了数学和生命科学之间的联系。 16.The frequency, wave length, and speed of sound are closely related. 频率、波长和声速三方面是密切相关的。 17.The temperature needed for this processing is lower than that needed to melt the metal. 这种加工方法所需的温度要低于熔化该金属的温度。