科技英语原文及简单翻译
How ASIMO Works
Introduction to How ASIMO Works
Want a robot to cook your dinner, do your homework, clean your house, or get your groceries? Robots already do a lot of the jobs that we humans don't want to do, can't do, or simply can't do as well as our robotic counterparts.
Honda engineers have been busy creating the ASIMO robot for more than 20 years. In this article, we'll find out what makes ASIMO the most advanced humanoid robot to date.
The Honda Motor Company developed ASIMO, which stands for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility, and is the most advanced humanoid robot in the world. According to the ASIMO Web site, ASIMO is the first humanoid robot in the world that can walk independently and climb stairs.
Rather than building a robot that would be another toy, Honda wanted to create a robot that would be a helper for people -- a robot to help around the house, help the elderly, or help someone confined to a wheelchair or bed. ASIMO is 4 feet 3 inches (1.3 meters) high, This allows ASIMO to do the jobs it was created to do without being too big and menacing.
ASIMO's Motion: Walk Like a Human
Honda researchers began by studying the legs of insects, mammals, and the motion of a mountain climber with prosthetic legs to better understand the physiology and all of the things that take place when we walk -- particularly in the joints. For example, the fact that we shift our weight using our bodies and especially our arms in
order to balance was very important in getting ASIMO's walking mechanism right. The fact that we have toes that help with our balance was also taken into
consideration: ASIMO actually has soft projections on its feet that play a similar role to the one our toes play when we walk. This soft material also absorbs impact on the joints, just as our soft tissues do when we walk.
ASIMO has hip, knee, and foot joints. Robots have joints that researchers refer to as \degrees of freedom.\A single degree of freedom allows movement either right and left or up and down. ASIMO has 34 degrees of freedom spread over different points of its body in order to allow it to move freely. There are three degrees of freedom in ASIMO's neck, seven on each arm and six on each leg. The number of degrees of
freedom necessary for ASIMO's legs was decided by measuring human joint movement while walking on flat ground, climbing stairs and running.
ASIMO also has a speed sensor and a gyroscope sensor mounted on its body. They perform the tasks of:
? ?
sensing the position of ASIMO's body and the speed at which it is moving relaying adjustments for balance to the central computer These sensors work similarly to our inner ears in the way they maintain balance and orientation.
ASIMO also has floor surface sensors in its feet and six ultrasonic sensors in its midsection. These sensors enhance ASIMO's ability to interact with its environment by detecting objects around ASIMO and comparing gathered information with maps of the area stored in ASIMO's memory.
To accomplish the job our muscles and skin do in sensing muscle power, pressure and joint angles, ASIMO has both joint-angle sensors and a six-axis force sensor.
Unless you know a lot about robotics, you may not fully grasp the incredible milestone it is that ASIMO walks as we do. The most significant part of ASIMO's walk is the turning capabilities. Rather than having to stop and shuffle, stop and shuffle, and stop and shuffle into a new direction, ASIMO leans and smoothly turns just like a human. ASIMO can also self-adjust its steps in case it stumbles, is pushed, or otherwise encounters something that alters normal walking.
In order to accomplish this, ASIMO's engineers had to find a way to work with the inertial forces created when walking. For example, the earth's gravity creates a force, as does the speed at which you walk. Those two forces are called the \inertial force.\ground, called the \posture has to work to make it happen. This is called the \zero moment point\(ZMP). To control ASIMO's posture, engineers worked on three areas of control:
? ?
Floor reaction control means that the soles of the feet absorb floor unevenness while still maintaining a firm stance.
Target ZMP control means that when ASIMO can't stand firmly and its body begins to fall forward, it maintains position by moving its upper body in the direction opposite the impending fall. At the same time, it speeds up its walking to quickly counterbalance the fall.
?
Foot-planting location control kicks in when the target ZMP control has been activated. It adjusts the length of the step to regain the right relationship between the position and speed of the body and the length of the step.
ASIMO's Motion: Smooth Moves
ASIMO can sense falling movements and react to them quickly; but ASIMO's engineers wanted more. They wanted the robot to have a smooth gait as well as do something that other robots can't do -- turn without stopping.
When we walk around corners, we shift our center of gravity into the turn. ASIMO uses a technology called \predictive movement control,\Intelligent Real-Time Flexible Walking Technology or I-Walk, to accomplish that same thing. ASIMO predicts how much it should shift its center of gravity to the inside of the turn and how long that shift should be maintained. Because this technolgy works in real time, ASIMO can do this without stopping between steps, which other robots must do.
Essentially, with every step ASIMO takes, it has to determine its inertia and then predict how its weight needs to be shifted for the next step in order to walk and turn smoothly. It adjusts any of the following factors in order to maintain the right position:
? ? ? ?
the length of its steps its body position its speed
the direction in which it is stepping
While reproducing a human-like walk is an amazing achievement, ASIMO can now run at speeds up to 3.7 miles per hour (6 kilometers per hour). In order to qualify as a true running robot, ASIMO must have both feet off the ground for an instant in each step. ASIMO manages to be airborne for .08 seconds with each step while running. Honda engineers encountered an entirely new set of challenges while trying to give ASIMO the ability to run. They gave ASIMO’s torso a degree of freedom to aid in bending and twisting so that the robot could adjust its posture while airborne. Without this ability, ASIMO
would lose control while airborne, possibly spinning in the air or tripping when landing.
In order to make turns smoothly while running, the engineers enhanced ASIMO's ability to tilt its center of gravity inside turns to maintain balance and counteract
centrifugal force. ASIMO could even anticipate turns and begin to lean into them before starting the turn, much like you would if you were skiing or skating.
ASIMO如何工作介绍如何工作。ASIMO
想要一个机器人做你请我共进晚餐,做你的家庭作业,清洁你的房子,或者让你的东西吗?机器人已经做了大量的工作,我们人类不想做的事情,不能做的事,或无法完成的以及我们的机器人同行。
工程师们一直在忙本田的ASIMO机器人创造了超过20年。在这篇文章中,我们会发现什么使ASIMO相似,最先进的仿人形机器人的日期。
本田汽车公司开发研制,代表先进的介入创新流动,这是最先进的仿人机器人在世界上。根据ASIMO的网站,是第一个ASIMO机器人在这世界上,可以独立行走能力和爬楼梯。而非建立一个机器人是另一个玩具,本田希望创造一个机器人是一个帮助人们――一个机器人去帮助在房屋周围,帮助老年人,或帮助别人被束缚在轮椅上或是睡觉。ASIMO相似,是4英尺3英寸(1.3米)高,这使得ASIMO的工作做它的成立是为了做的,没有被太大威胁。ASIMO的运动:走起路来像人类研究人员通过研究本田开始腿昆虫、哺乳动物,以及一个登山者的运动与假腿能更好地理解生理和所有的事情发生――特别是当我们走在关节。例如,这个事实,我们把我们用我们的身体重量,尤其是我们的军队为了平衡是非常重要的行走机构获得ASIMO的权利。事实上,我们的脚趾那帮助我们平衡也被考虑在内:其实有着柔软的ASIMO 的预测它的脚踢相似的角色与我们的脚趾头打我们步行的时候。这个柔软的材料也吸收影响关节,就如我们软组织做什么时,我们走。
ASIMO相似,有臀部、膝盖和脚关节。机器人的关节研究人员是指为“的自由度。“一个单自由度允许移动或左右或上下运动。ASIMO 相似,有34自由度遍及身体不同的点,以使它能自由移动。有三个自由度的ASIMO的脖子上,七个在胳膊上、六个名字在每条腿上。自由度的数目所需的腿是ASIMO决定人类联合运动测量在平地上散步时,爬楼梯和跑步。
ASIMO相似,也有一个速度传感器、陀螺仪传感器安装在了它的躯体。他们完成任务的: ASIMO?传感的位置的尸体和移动速度针对平衡?传达中央电脑
这些传感器的工作同样我们内在的耳朵在保持平衡和定位。
ASIMO相似,也有地板表面传感器在其英尺六超声波传感器在它的腹部。这些传感器的交互能力提高ASIMO以其周围环境比较,探测到物体ASIMO的地图聚集信息储存在记忆的区域ASIMO。
完成这项工作我们的肌肉和皮肤在传感的肌肉力量、压力和关节角度,既有joint-angle ASIMO传感器和串联力传感器。
除非你知道很多关于机器人,你可能不充分掌握里程碑是ASIMO 走呢。最重要的一部分是车削ASIMO的行走的能力。而不是不得不停下来推诿、停止和洗牌,停下来和洗牌进入一个新的方向,倾斜和顺利转ASIMO就像一个人。它也能自我校正研制步骤以免跌倒,被推,否则碰到一些改变正常走路。
为了实现这一目标,研制的工程师们必须要找到办法工作时形成的惯性力量行走。举例来说,地球的引力造成的力量一样,你走路的速度。那两个力量叫做“总惯性力。“还有产生的力当你的脚与地面连接,叫做“地面反力的特点。“这些力量必须平衡,和姿态工作让它发生。这被称为“零弯矩点”(零力矩点)。
ASIMO的姿态控制,工程师工作三个方面来控制:
反应控制意味着?地板脚底吸收层在仍然保持不坚定的立场。
?目标意味着当ASIMO零力矩点控制不能坚决和它的身体开始向前摔倒,这样使它维持其上肢位置移动的方向相反的即将到来的秋
天。同时,加快其行走快速平衡跌倒。
?foot-planting定位控制拳打脚踢,在当目标的零力矩点控制一直是激活。它的长度调整步骤之间的关系恢复对身体的位置和速度和长度的一步。ASIMO的运动:平滑移动
1.To find the area of a square or oblong,you merely multiply its length by its width. 将长乘以宽就可以得到这个长方形的面积。 2.This suggests that matter can be converted into energy. 这就是说物质可以转化为能量，能量也可以转化为物质。 3.Quantum chemistry is still in its infancy. 量子化学仍处于发展初期。 4.Even the protective environment is no insurance against death from lack of oxygen. 即使有防护措施，也不能保证不发生因缺氧而死亡的情况。 5.In any amchine, input work equals output work plus work done against friction. 任何机器的输入功都等于输出功加上客服摩擦所做的功。 6.Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 地震通常比火山爆发更具有杀伤力。 7.Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. 应慢慢加热以避免出现局部过热现象。 8.How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. 燃料燃烧的速度取决于它与氧气或空气的混合程度。 9.Gene mutation is of great importance in breeding new varieties. 在新品种培育方面，基因突变是非常重要的。 10.Peptides can act directly on the brain to change aspects of mental activity. 肽能够直接作用于大脑，改变各种脑力活动。 11.The language allows a concise expression of arithmetic and logic processes. 这种语言能简要地表达算术和逻辑过程。 12.E-Chemmerce, now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical,platic and energy e-commerce. 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 13.These images tend to exaggerate the robet’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 14.Since some materials are not demaged easily as others,the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 15.A lot of counties have set up paver stations,chemical fertilizer plants and a hundred and one other factories. 许多县已建立了发电站，化肥厂以及许多别的工厂。 16.The periodic table contains more than one hundred chemical elements belonging to eight families. 元素周期表由属于8个族的100多个化学元素组成。 17.An increase in the oxygen content of coal by 1% reduces the calorific value by some 1.7% . 煤的含氧量每增加1%，其热值则下降约1.7%。 18.Putting two and two together, he came to the conclusion that mechanical energy is different from electrical energy. 他根据事实推断出一个结论：机械能不同于电能。
Unit 1大规模研究发现：地球的“健康”每况愈下 有史以来对地球进行的最大规模的科学分析结果表明，地球上的许多生态系统都达不到标准。 由联合国主持的《千年生态系统评估综合报告》指出，由于不可持续的使用，地球上将近三分之二的用来维持生命的生态系统（包括干净的水源、纯净的空气以及稳定的气候）正遭受破坏。 以上大部分的破坏都是人类在过去的半个世纪里造成的。据报告分析，随着人类对食物、淡水、木材、纤维以及燃料等资源的需求日趋激增，环境发生了极大的变化，引发了诸如滥伐森林、化学污染等问题。因此，该报告的作者警告说，照此下去，本已岌岌可危的生态环境将会在21世纪的上半叶进一步恶化。 这项历史性的研究由来自世界95个国家的政府部门以及民间组织的1,300多位科学家共同完成。四年来，他们考察了地球上许多生物的生长环境、物种以及将他们联系起来的生态体系。联合国环境规划署对该报告进行了编辑整理并于昨天在中国北京公布了研究结果。 在公布该报告的新闻发布会上，联合国秘书长科菲·安南指出：“只有了解环境及其运作过程，我们才能制定出必要的措施加以保护它。”他还说，“只有珍惜所有宝贵的自然资源和人类资源，我们才有希望去建设一个可持续发展的未来。” 对社会经济的影响 该报告对自然界的大部分生物多样性持悲观态度，地球上可能有10%—30%的哺乳动物，鸟类以及两栖动物濒临灭绝。 这次大规模生态调查是根据安南的《千年发展目标》展开的，该发展目标是由联合国发起的，旨在2015年之前大幅减少饥饿与极度贫困等社会经济问题。 总部位于内罗毕的联合国环境规划署执行主席克劳斯·托普弗说：“从某些方面来说，《千年生态系统评估综合报告》让我们首次认识到生态系统服务功能的经济价值，并使我们对尊重和保护地球生命维护系统有了新的见解。” 目前由于人类社会对地球环境的开发利用，食物供应不断增加，然而增长的速度仍然太慢，难以完成联合国制定的在2015年之前消除全球一半饥饿人口的目标。 报告还说，过度使用生态系统的负面影响还包括渔业的衰退，含有大量沉积物的河口周围近海“死亡区”的出现，水质的变化以及不可预测的区域性气候等。 此外，森林的滥伐和其他生态系统的巨大改变也加剧了诸如疟疾、霍乱等疾病的传播，并使已有传染病分化出新的类别。
六、more and more：for rewards worse punishment isdetected unpublished note byaccident inspections victims ofhavingtostay revealed dishonest unlike commit charged demands result hesitate confidential 七、almost as soon：intermediate physically printed isolated anybut pursuing in duplicated remote on experimental christened goals whose impaired removal through transferred resources afford 八、the design of ma：synthesis comparable essential applications substance thermal electrical industrially polishing concrete defined scratch scale proposed objective value obtained known under on 九、Audiences shud：narrowly normal shrinking entertained size barrier thin tools smaller merge compounds machines issues codes portable samples simple means cloned transplantation 十、The t/Space CXV：reduces winged exterior tile developed consists range thick seams through outer sufficiently reentries periodically replaced landed shield employed inaddition via 1.To tru improve the energy efficiency of non-stop computing systems such as switches ,routers,and computers running algorithmic-intensive operations,systems and chip manufacturers need a way to reduce clock speed by a favor of two,and decrease power by a factor of four or more.要真的提高不间断计算系统的能量，像交换机，路由器，和进行强计算的计算机，系统和芯片制造商需要将时钟速度降低二分之一，将能量减少到四分之一或者更多。 2.Since the time of the emission of this radiation,the universe has increased in size by a factor of 1000,so the temperature of the photons has decreased by the same factor.从这个放射物的辐射的时代开始，宇宙的组织增加1000倍，因此光子的温度以相同的倍数减少。 3.When the hot plasma of early universe emitted the radiation we now see,it was receding from our location at about 50times the speed of light.当我梦看到早期宇宙的热等离子体散发辐射的时候，它正以50光年的速度离我们而去。 4.The Uranus is 14 times as large as the mass of the Earth.天王星的质量是地球的14倍。 5.This reaction gives three times as much hydrogen as the reaction of steam with coal.这种反应产生的氢比蒸汽与 木炭反应多2倍。 6.Diamond tools are generally operated at speeds twice those of carbon-steel.金刚石工具通常以2倍于碳钢尺度 而做。 7.In case of electronic scanning the beam-width is broader by factor of two.电子扫描时多数宽度增加了一倍。 8.The output of steel in 1980 was 19times over that in 1970.1980年的钢产量是1970年的20倍。 9.Business may not put much stock in recycling, but when it comes to computing power, researcher’s work in creating the first high-quality reversible computing power supply may be the key to unlocking the power of tomorrow’s computing platforms. 业界可能对回收能量方面没有太大信心，但是谈到计算能力，研究人员从事的创造第一高质量的可逆计算能力的提供可能是开发未来计算平台能力的关键。 10.Reversible computers, or adiabatic systems, recycle their energy to give off extremely little heat, enabling computing power to continue power where existing technology would falter. 可逆计算机即绝热系统，它能够将能量回收，因此只产生很少的热量，使计算能力在现有计算技术无能为力的情况下继续提升. 11.To stave off these problems, researchers have been investigating alternative computing techniques.Quantum computing,has garnered significant publicty. 为了避免这些问题，研究人员一直在研究可替代的计算方法。量子计算已经引起了广泛的关注。 12.Much of the energy needed to make that change is given off in the form of a spark in the case of static energy,or heat in the case of circuitry. 发生这一转变所需的能量在静电情况下表现为瞬间放电，在电路情况下表现为释放热量. 13.The universal chip, dubbed Flattop, is estimated to be several thousand times more energy-efficient than comparable irreversible circuits.However,the chips were proof-of-concept designs and haven’t yet been optimized.It wouldn’t be more efficient for practical applications.称作Flattop（芯片界的航空母舰）的通用芯片的能量效率预计比类似的不可逆电路要高几千倍。然而，芯片的设计停留在概念阶段，仍没有优化。实际应用中不会更高效。
关于科技的英语演讲稿—Technology带翻译(精选多篇) 演讲稿一：科技改变人们的生活 Ladies and gentlemen, good morning! Today, I'd like to talk about how technology has changed people's lives. As we all know, technology has brought about many profound changes in our daily lives. Thanks to the invention of smartphones, we can easily access information, communicate with friends and work remotely, among many other things. Computers and the internet have created new opportunities for businesses and education, and have revolutionized the way we think about work and learning. On the medical front, technology has also had a tremendous impact. For example, medical drones can deliver life-saving supplies to remote areas, and telemedicine allows patients to access medical consultations and treatments from the comfort of their homes. The development of advanced medical technologies, such as robotic surgery and personalized medicine, has also improved diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. In addition, technology is changing the way we interact with the environment. Smart homes, for instance, can reduce energy waste and lower utility bills, and electric cars can greatly reduce air pollution caused by gas-powered vehicles. Overall, technology has greatly impacted our lives in many ways,
科技英语阅读与翻译全文 Humanitarian Aid in Space Space exploration technology will benefit developing countries in a variety of ways. Whether it's information about climate change or communication technologies that give remote areas access to the world outside, space science can come to the aid of vulnerable people in many countries. For the past two decades, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has been sending humanitarian aid dispatched from its space platform. This ambitious project has proved successful, and it’s been praised for its achievements in various aspects. The two strategic areas set forth for JAXA’s humanitarian aid effort are science and education. JAXA’s donations of books and puzzle sets are enabling elementary and junior high school kids in India to study science and math. There are plans to utilize remote sensing data to map out natural resources in Nepalese countryside and expand education related to environmental issues in Vietnam. In addition the agency is sending educational videos to the island nation of Palau to
Space exploration Robots will not only help us on this world. But will also help us explore other worlds. In fact, space exploration is one of the most promising usages for robots. Since these machines are not so susceptible to the elements that could hurt or kill people. Robots can withstand radiation, heat, cold and can function without an atmosphere. Also robots have a much longer life span. So voyages to other solar systems as well as other planets would be possible. Robots could communicate with us and if something went wrong and destroyed, the space vehicle and a machine would be lost, not a human being. 机器人用于空间探索 机器人不仅会在这个星球上帮助我们，而且还将帮助我们探索别的星球。实际上，空间探索就是机器人最有前途的用途之一，知识因为机器人对于机器人会使人伤亡的自然环境和条件不很敏感。机器人能经受得住辐射，耐热又耐寒，而且能在没有大气的环境中的工作。此外，机器人的使用寿命长得多。因此不但可飞往别的行星，而且可飞往别的星系。机器人可跟我们进行通信联络，要是有什么东西除了毛病，而损坏了宇宙飞行器的话，失去的是机器人而不是人。
第一单元什么是罗素悖论？ 约翰·T·鲍德温，奥利弗·莱斯曼撰胡志国译 罗素悖论是建立在这样的实例基础之上的：想象有一群理发师，他们（给所有，而且）只给不给自己刮胡子的人刮胡子。假设这个集体中有一个理发师，他不给自己刮胡子，那么，按照这个集体的定义，他就必须给自己刮胡子。但这个集体中的任何理发师都不能给自己刮胡子。（否则，他就是在给自己刮胡子的人刮胡子了。） 伯特兰·罗素1901年发现的这个悖论是对他的一位数学同行的打击。十九世纪晚期，戈特洛布·弗雷格试图通过符号逻辑为所有的数学建立一个基础。他在形式表达式（如x=2）和数学特征（如偶数）之间建立了一种对应关系。在他的推导中，人们可以随意使用任何特征为后来的特征定义。 罗素在他1903年出版的《数学原理》中公布了自己的悖论，证明了弗雷格系统存在根本缺陷。在今天看来，这类系统最好通过所谓的集的结构式用集合的概念来描述。例如，对于由数字4、5、6组成的集体，我们可以描述为：x是一个整数的集体，若用字母n表示这些整数，则n大于3小于7。对这一集合的描述，在形式上我们写作x={n: n为整数，3 The Big Bang Since its conception, the theory of the Big Bang has been constantly challenged. These challenges have led those who believe in the theory to search for more concrete evidence which would prove them correct. From the point at which this book leaves off, many have tried to go further and several discoveries have been made that paint a more complete picture of the creation of the universe. Recently, NASA has made some astounding discoveries which lend themselves to the proof of the Big Bang theory. Most importantly, astronomers using the Astro-2 observatory were able to confirm one of the requirements for the foundation of the universe through the Big Bang. In June, 1995, scientists were able to detect primordial helium, such as deuterium, in the far reaches of the universe. These findings are consistent with an important aspect of the Big Bang theory that a mixture of hydrogen and helium was created at the beginning of the universe. In addition, the Hubble telescope, named after the father of Big Bang theory, has provided certain clues as to what elements were present following creation. Astronomers using Hubble have found the element boron in extremely ancient stars. They postulate that its presence could be either a remnant of energetic events at the birth of galaxies or it could indicate that boron is even older, dating back to the Big Bang itself. If the latter is true, scientists will be forced once again to modify their theory for the birth of the universe and events immediately afterward because, according to the present theory, such a heavy and complex atom could not have existed. 宇宙大爆炸 大爆炸理论从诞生以来就不断受到人们的置疑，从而促使那些相信该理论的人去寻找更多的证据，来证明他们是对的。在本书完成时，许多人又做了更进一步的研究，而且的确有了多项发现，使人们更加全面地了解宇宙的起源。 最近美国国家航空航天局就做出了令人惊讶的发现，为证明大爆炸理论提供了证据。其中最重要的发现是，天文学家利用Astro-2天文台证实了宇宙通过大爆炸诞生的必要条件之一。1995年6月，科学家在宇宙深处探测到原生氦（如重氢）的存在。这一发现与大爆炸理论的一个重要方面相符，即在宇宙诞生之初就产生了氢与氦的混合物。 此外，哈勃望远镜（该望远镜以大爆炸理论之父的名字命名）也对解答宇宙形成后出现了哪些元素这一问题提供了某些线索，天文学家通过哈勃望远镜在极为古老的恒星内发现了硼元素。他们推测硼有可能是星系形成时能量爆发的残留物，也可能表明硼比宇宙更古老，可以追溯到大爆炸发生的时候。如果后一种推测成立的话，科学家不得不再次修改有关宇宙形成以及随后发生了什么的理论，因为根据目前的理论，重量如此之大、结构如此复杂的原子当时是不可能存在的。 形合和意合 1.昨天看电影我没有买到好票。 I did not buy good seat for movie last day. 2.这个车间既做来料加工，又做来样加工。 This workshop processes raw material on client’s demand and processes according to investor’s sample as well. 3.她在中国留学服务中心工作。 She works at Chinese service center for Scholarly Exchange. 4.烤烟，苹果，羊毛和甘薯是延安的四大农产品，年产量3.12亿元，占农业总产值的52.5%。 Cured tobacco, apples, wool and sweet potatoes are the four main agricultural products in Yan’an, their output values at 312 million yuan RMB, according for 5.2% of its total agricultural output values. 5.可以预言，钛材在飞机或各种飞行器上的应用将会与日俱增，并且在其他工业中的应用也会扩大。 It can be prophesied that titanium materials will be used increasing in aerospace and in other industries. 6.If rise of blood pressure occurs with some other disease, it is called secondary hypertension. 某种与其他疾病伴发的高血压，称为继发性高血压 7.Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book. 本节内容如有更改，均见本书末附录。 8.一种微生物能够破坏另一种微生物，这种现象最早是巴斯德发现的，他指出这可以用到医疗上去。 That a microganism is capable of destroying one of anther species was first discovered by Pasteur, who pointed out that can be used to the therapeutic use. 英汉句子中心的差异 1.他们培育出的细胞看上去像胚胎干细胞，这的确令人惊讶。 It’s truly amazing that they can produce cells that look like embryoric stem cells. 2.1968年12月阿波罗8号宇宙飞船上那些想家的宇航员们在太空拍下了整个地球的彩照，此后在1970年4月很快就出现了第一个地球日，这绝非是历史的偶然。 It’s no accident of history that the first Earth Day in April 1970 came so soon after the color photograghs of the whole earth from space were made by homesick astronauts on the Apollo 8 mission to the moon December 1968. 3.你们已经取得了进步，对此我毫不怀疑。 There has been no doubt in my mind of the progress which you have achieved. 4.由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快的重新实现访问，这使我感到特别高兴。 I was all the more delighted when as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 5.由于现代世界的发展和近年来在单门学科狭窄前沿上的研究进展，出现一些极其复杂的难题，单凭一两人的力量是无法对它们进行透彻研究的。 One cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world and by recent development in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. 6.这种小型热带鱼由于具有自行修复受损和患病的眼部细胞的独特能力，长期以来一直为科学家所关注。The tiny tropical fish has long interested scientists because of its unique ability to repair damaged and diseased cells in their own eyes. 7.不努力就不会成功。 One can never succeed without making great efforts. 科技英语阅读1-8单元译文： Unit 1 罗素悖论的提出是基于这样的一个事例：设想有这样一群理发师，他们只给不给自己理发的人理发。假设其中一个理发师符合上述的条件，不给自己理发；然而按照要求，他必须要给自己理发。但是在这个集合中没有人会给自己理发。（如果这样的话，这个理发师必定是给别人理发还要给自己理发） 1901年，伯特兰·罗素悖论的发现打击了他其中的一个数学家同事。在19世纪后期，弗雷格尝试发展一个基本原理以便数学上能使用符号逻辑。他确立了形式表达式（如：x =2）和数学特性（如偶数）之间的联系。按照弗雷格理论的发展，我们能自由的用一个特性去定义更多更深远的特性。 1903年，发表在《数学原理》上的罗素悖论从根本上揭示了弗雷格这种集合系统的局限性。就现在而言，这种类型的集合系统能很好的用俗称集的结构式来描述。例如，我们可以用x代表整数，通过n 来表示并且n大于3小于7，来表示4，5,6这样一个集合。这种集合的书写形势就是：x={n：n是整数，3 击。尽管这样，他还不能解决这个问题,并且上世纪有很多的尝试，去解决这个问题（但没有成功）。 罗素自己对这个悖论的回答促进了类型理论的形成。他解释说，悖论的问题在于我们混淆了数集和数集的集合。所以，罗素介绍了对象的分级系统：数、数集、数集的集合等等。这个系统为形式化数学的形成奠定了基础，至今它还应用于哲学研究和计算机科学分支。 策梅洛对于罗素悖论的解决方法用新的公理：对于任意公式A（x）和任意集合b，都会有一个集合满足y={x：x既在b中又满足A（x）}取代了以前的公理：对于任意公式A（x），都会有一个集合满足y={x：x满足A（x）}。 究竟是什么样的努力使数学逻辑基础得以发展？现在数学家认识到这个领域可以用所谓的策梅洛-弗兰克尔集合论来定义。形式化的语言包含符号，例如e表示“其中一个数”，=表示等于，□代表集合中没有任何元素。那么可以写下一个公式B（x）：如果如果y e x，而y 是空集。在集的结构式中我们可以这样书写：y={x：x=□}，或者更简单y={□}。罗素悖论就成这样：y={x：x不在x中}，那么y是否在y中？ Unit2 暗能量是用来命名一种未能给出解释的,与万有引力的作用相反，以一种极快的速度将各个星系拉开的力量。 暗能量与反重力有些相似。万有引力在局部的水平上把事物聚集到 The Fastest Science Machine In The World 全球最快计算机 Oak Ridge National Labs has deployed what should be the world's fastest supercomputer when the world's petaflops are tabulated next month, and it is dedicated to open science. 橡树岭国家实验室已经部署了目前世界上最快的超级计算机来用于科学开发，这台超级计算机即将在下个月被列入世界千万亿次级计算机。 By Clay DillowPosted 10.30.2012 at 11:00 am3 Comments Meet TitanNVIDIA 邂逅TitanNVIDIA With the release of the next TOP500 ranking of the world’s fastest supercomputers just weeks away, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has this week officially deployed Titan, a 20-petaflop machine. 在下一届世界上最快的超级计算机TOP500排名即将出炉之际，ORNL本周正式宣布部署Titan——20亿万次列级计算机。 Titan is expected to edge out Sequoia, another Department of Energy machine housed at Lawrence Livermore National Labs, putting the U.S. confidently back atop the supercomputing pyramid (Sequoia is expected to hold the number-two spot) after spending the last few years often chasing China and Japan. ORNL希望通过Titan来挤掉Sequoia——位于劳伦斯·利弗莫尔国家实验室的超级计算机，帮助美国超越中国和日本自信重回世界超级计算机之巅。 But beyond bragging rights, Titan is something more. It will hands-down be the fastest open science machine in the world, granting time to scientists in industry, academia, and government labs around the country who need huge computing capabilities to make sense of complex data sets in six core areas: climate change, astrophysics, materials science, biofuels, combustion, and nuclear energy systems. 但是Titan不仅仅只是在耀武扬威。它将着手为全国工业、政府、学术实验室的需要处理气候变化、天体物理学，材料科学，生物燃料，燃烧和核能系统等六大核心领域的复杂数据的科学家提供强大的计算能力以节约时间。 And critically, it incorporates graphics processing units (GPUs) alongside the conventional central processing unit (CPU) cores normally deployed in supercomputers of this kind. This Unit 1 Environment Earth’s Health in Sharp Decline, Massive Study Finds 大规模研究发现：地球的“健康”每况愈下 The report card has arrived from the largest ever scientific Earth analysis, and many of the planet’s ecosystems are simply not making the grade. 有史以来对地球进行的最大规模的科学分析结果表明，地球上的许多生态系统都达不到标准。 The UN-backed Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report found that nearly two-thirds of Earth’s life-supporting ecosystems, including clean water, pure air, and stable climate, are being degraded by unsustainable use. 由联合国主持的《千年生态系统评估综合报告》指出，由于不可持续的使用，地球上将近三分之二的用来维持生命的生态系统（包括干净的水源、纯净的空气以及稳定的气候）正遭受破坏。 Human has caused much of this damage during the past half century. Soaring demand for food, fresh water, timber, fiber and fuel have led to dramatic environmental changes, from deforestation to chemical pollution, the report says. The already grim situation may worsen dramatically during the first half of the 21st century, the report’s authors warn. 以上大部分的破坏都是人类在过去的半个世纪里造成的。据报告分析，随着人类对食物、淡水、木材、纤维以及燃料等资源的需求日趋激增，环境发生了极大的变化，引发了诸如滥伐森林、化学污染等问题。因此，该报告的作者警告说，照此下去，本已岌岌可危的生态环境将会在21世纪的上半叶进一步恶化。 Over 1,300 governmental and private-sector contributors from 95 countries collaborated to create the landmark study. For four years they examined the plant’s many habitats and species and the systems that bind them together. The United Nations Environment科技英语翻译第一篇
科技英语翻译
科技英语阅读课文翻译UNIT1-8
科技英语文章翻译
科技英语阅读原文及翻译(李健版,单元1-7)
相关主题
文本预览