What can I do?
Check these ideas from the World Wildlife Fund for how you can help and have an impact.
Become an activist for your earth! Start by exploring if the "good stuff" is really all that good, in WorldWatch's "Good Stuff?", a behind-the-scenes look at the things we use on a daily basis.
Explore the websites in the "Learn More" blue box on this page.
Gender
https://www.doczj.com/doc/cf17752211.html,/issues/gender
If somebody told you, "You really don't count," what would you think? Is it right to dismiss half the human race?
我能做什么？
点击World Wildlife Fund（世界野生生物基金会）网站获取相关信息，以便确定自己可以做的事。
要积极关注我们的地球。首先浏览WorldWatch's "Good Stuff，它会为我们提供一个全新的角度来看待日常生活中司空见惯的事情本页当中呈蓝色的连接按钮可以帮助你获得有关详情。
性别
https://www.doczj.com/doc/cf17752211.html,/issues/gender
如果有人对你说：“你是个无足轻重的人”，你会是什么心情？所以要把我们人类另一半人为地加以歧视，这样做正确吗？
What is it?
Sexual identity, especially in relation to society or culture; the condition of being female or male.
Gender refers to socially constructed roles and learned behaviors and expectations associated with females and males. When talking about gender, people usually talk about gender inequality—women and girls having fewer opportunities in life simply because they are female. The term gender, however, also refers to boys and men, who are equally defined by the rights and roles "assigned" to them. Giving equal rights and consideration to girls and women should not take the same away from males.
While women worldwide have made great strides to prove they are as smart and capable as men, in many countries they are still not treated as equals. Girls and women aren't given the same rights, opportunities, responsibilities and choices in life that boys and men consider their birthright.
它是什么？
性别身份，尤其是在社会或文化方面；成为男性或女性。
性别是指社会公认的角色、通过学习而获得的行为方式和与不同性别相关的社会期望。当谈到性别时，人们往往会谈及性别歧视-----成年或未成年女性由于性别的原因而受到不公的对待。然而，“性别”这个词同样也涉及到成年或未成年男性，他们则能顺理成章地享有被社会按性别所“赋予”他们的权利。所以，给所有女性的权利和关注应该是和所有的男性一样的才对。
虽然，在世界范围内，女性在证明她们和男性有着同样的聪明才智方面取得了长足的进展，但是仍有许多国家的女性不能被平等地对待。女性在权利、机遇、责任和选择权方面都不能和男性享有同样的对待，而这些方面在男性看来都是理所当然的、是与生俱来的。
Why should I care?
Women represent half of the world's population. This double standard for girls and women hurts everyone in society and has a
negative impact on economic development. Societies in which women have equal rights are wealthier. These countries prosper more, grow faster and have better governance systems, which are important for growth and development.
Conversely, inequalities between women and men tend to be the largest among the poor, according to Engendering Development, a World Bank publication that talks about the importance of gender for development.
为什么这与我相关呢？
女性是世界人口的另一半。对女性的双重标准不仅伤害了世界人民，还严重地阻碍了世界经济的发展。大凡能够实现男女平等的国家都是比较富裕的国家。这些国家的共性就是：社会更繁荣、发展更快速以及治理更合理，而这些恰恰就是繁荣和发展所必备的要素。
相反，那些不能实现男女平等的国家往往都是处于极度贫困之列。这个结果是由世界银行的一份名为《促进发展》Engendering Developmen的杂志通过调查得来的。同时该杂志还指出了性别平等对于社会发展的重要性。
In some Indian villages, men are likely to spend a big portion of their income for personal use (such as smoking, drinking, gambling) while the women devote all of their income to family needs (such as food, medical treatment, school fees and children's clothing), according to an Indian study cited in Voices of the Poor, a collection of interviews of more than 60,000 poor women and men around the world.
根据一项被收录于《贫穷之声》——集合了对世界60000多穷人采访记录——的印度研究报告显示：在印度的一些农村地区，那里的男人们可以把其收入的很大部分用于个人喜好方面（如抽烟、喝酒、以及赌博等）；相比之下，女人们不得不把她们所有的收入拿来贴补家用（比如购买食物、支付医疗费用和孩子学费以及给孩子们添置衣物所需等）。
In Africa, where most people earn a living by working in agriculture, women do at least 70% of farm work. Yet they have very little say in how this income gets spent. And when women aren't allowed to make decisions on how to use financial income to help their families, it becomes more difficult to help poor people climb out of poverty, explains Mark Blackden, gender specialist at the World Bank. The situation becomes even more critical in households headed by women. The lack of access to legal, economic and social
services often leaves them poorer.
在非洲，大多数的人们都是靠务农为生的，而其中至少70%的农活都是女性承担的。即便如此，女性对她们的劳动所得的支配权却是少得可怜。用工作于世界银行的性别专家Mark Blackden的话来说就是：当女性在无权动用其收入来改善家庭经济状况时，这个家庭要想摆脱贫困就难上加难了。而这种情形在主要靠女性收入来维持的家庭就更为严峻了。缺乏法律、经济和社会方面的服务通常使他们陷于更贫困当中。
If countries in South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East had equally schooled boys and girls like East Asian countries did between 1960 and 1992, their income per capita would likely have grown an additional 0.5–0.9% per year, according to World Bank research. In societies that care equally for the well-being of men, women and children, it's easier for poor people to climb out of poverty and improve their standard of living.
根据世界银行的另一份报告显示：在1960年到1992年间，如果一些地处于南亚、非洲和中东地区的国家能够像东亚一些国家实行男女平等的话，每年他们的人均收入至少可以多增长0.5-0.9个百分点。在重视人民福利的国家里，穷人要摆脱贫困和提高生活水平是相对较容易的事。
Lifecycle of inequality
Around the globe, there are females who will spend a lifetime being denied:
Personal Freedom—In some countries, like in Ghana, women are legally their husband's property, while in others, women cannot leave the house or get a job without a man's permission, according to Voices of the Poor.
Education—Fewer girls than boys enroll in or complete primary or secondary schooling, even though research shows investing in girls' education significantly improves a country's economic outlook.
Jobs or Equal Pay—Labor laws and regulations in several developing countries actively discourage women from working. When they get a job, women can expect to earn up to 27% less than men for the same job-regardless of experience and education.
生活中的不平等现象
至今世界上还有一些女性一生都得不到公平的对待：
人身自由——在有些国家比如像加纳等，女性只是丈夫合法的私有财产；另外，根据《贫穷之声》的报道，在有些国家，如果丈夫不允许，妻子是不可以在外面工作的。
受教育权——在入学或完成初等或中等教育方面，女孩子的比例比男孩子小。虽然有相关研究表明：投机于女孩子的教育可以很大程度地改善一个国家的经济前景。
就业或同工同酬方面——有少数几个国家，他们的劳动方面的法律法规主动提倡女性不要从事社会工作。即使女性得到了一份工作，在经验和教育相当的情况下，同样一份工作女性所得到酬劳要比男性少将近27%。
Legal Rights—Limited legal standing impacts females in countless ways-from the inability to borrow money because they can't legally own land to the inability to make decisions regarding how their children are cared for to the inability to decide when and how to be touched. When women are legally and therefore economically dependent upon their spouses or other male relatives, they have very little choice but to accept what is granted them in life. For example, in Ukraine, Latvia and Macedonia, where there are laws against rape, women say they don't bother to report rape because of lack of action by authorities.
Political Representation—Women are underrepresented at all levels of government everywhere in developing countries, despite being capable of representing their people. Without representation, there is very little attention drawn to laws that limit opportunities for girls and women.
合法权利方面——如果女性在法律权利方面受到限制的话，其生活的方方面面都会受到不利的影响。比如说：她们无法以个人名义借
到钱，因为她们不具有合法拥有土地的权利；她们无权决定如何教育子女；甚至都无法决定她们的身体。当女性在法律和经济方面要依赖其配偶或其男性亲属时，她们往往只能逆来顺受。比如说，在乌克兰、立陶宛和马其顿王国，它们国家的法律都明文规定要严惩强奸罪，但是女性在受到性侵犯后都不愿意报案，因为报了案也没有警察认真受理的。
政治代表权——在发展中国家，尽管能够代表女性群体，但是女性的政治代表权在各级政府都得不到充分发挥。如果女性没有代表权，她们在呼吁废除限制女性机遇的法律方面就得不到足够的社会关注。
Breaking barriers proves difficult
Fighting gender discrimination can be difficult because it can go against entrenched local traditions. So, while laws may be revised, people continue to live by deeply held cultural beliefs.
For example, in the 1960s India outlawed the tradition of dowry—where a husband demands that his bride comes with material possessions or he won't take her as wife. But this tradition is so entrenched in local society that most brides still provide dowry. Things are slowly changing. You might have heard in the news of cases where brides are rebelling against this practice and reporting it to the authorities.
打破对女性的藩篱任重道远
由于根生蒂固的老传统、旧思想，要消除性别歧视是很困难的。所以，尽管法律条文一再被修改，但是人们依然抱着老传统行事。
比如，在印度，二十世纪60年代的法律就明文废除高昂嫁妆这一社会习俗——根据习俗，男方向女方索要昂贵的嫁妆，否则男方就不愿娶女方为妻。由于这一习俗在当地根深蒂固、由来已久了，现在大多数的女性在出嫁时依然要带上高昂的嫁妆。不过事情也不是没有任何改变的。通过媒体你或许已经听说过有些女性在结婚时主动不遵从这种习俗的，也有的借助法律的武器坚决同这种现象作斗争。
What is the international community doing?
At the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995, the international community agreed on a Platform for Action to improve the lives of women and girls. The conference participants realized that development and progress aren't possible if half of a country's population is not considered equal.
The World Bank and other organizations working on development have become strong advocates for gender equality in all aspects of life. The Bank has provided about $6.3 billion since 1995 for girls' education and more than two-thirds of its loans for health, nutrition and population have included gender-related objectives. Additional project address legal reforms designed to strengthen women's access to legal rights, especially the right to own land.
国际社会都在做些什么？
1995年在北京举行的第四届世界女性大会上，国际社会一致认同要建立一个行动平台Platform for Action，借助这个平台以图改善女性的生活状况。此次大会的与会国都意识到：如果世界人口的另一半得不到平等地对待，整个世界的经济就不可能得到充分的发展和进步。
世界银行和其他从事世界发展方面的组织坚决倡导：要全面实现男女平等。为此，自1995年以来世界银行提供了约63亿美元的贷款用于发展女孩子们的教育，其中2/3以上的贷款都用于提高健康方面，营养和人口方面还包括一些涉及性别方面的相关事宜。另外还有一项工程旨在加强帮助女性获得合法权利的，尤其是在拥有土地权方面。
The World Bank’s Gender Action Plan (GAP), started in 2007, has bee n working towards advancing women’s economic empowerment throughout the world. As of January 2009, the GAP has allocated $29.3 million toward accomplishing its goal.
The international community has also started to look at issues that boys face. For example, in some Central European, Latin American and Caribbean countries, many boys are dropping out of school, especially secondary school. They often don't see the benefit of staying in school, and instead prefer to find work, but are often lured by jobs related to various illegal activities.
于2007年启动的《世界银行性别行动方案》World Bank’s Gender Action Plan (GAP)一直致力于推动世界女性的经济拥有权。截止
2009年1月份，《性别行动方案》已经下拨了2930万美元用于实现此次目标。
与此同时，国际社会也同样在关注男孩子们的发展状况。比如在中欧、拉美和加勒比海地区的一些国家，许多男孩子们都已辍学，尤其中学辍学现象更为严重。他们认为上学没有意义，所以索性提前出去工作。但是他们所从事的工作往往都涉及一些违法活动。
What can I do?
If you are a girl or a woman, never stop believing that your voice is valuable and your contribution is needed to improve the world around you. Stay in school and pursue your dreams no matter how hard the road to success may be. If you are a boy or a man, respect women as you respect yourself. Be conscientious of subtle inequalities.
Do you care about this issue passionately in your country and the world? There are a number of organizations working to give women and men the same opportunities in all aspects of society.
Check out these websites to learn more about gender inequality:
?The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) works in 158 nations providing reproductive health and HIV/AIDS education, promoting gender equity, helping to reduce violence against women.
?Women Thrive Worldwide works to advocate international economic policies and human rights that support women worldwide in ending poverty in their lives, communities and nations.
?International Women's Health Coalition works to generate health and population policies, programs, and funding that promote and protect the rights and health of girls and women worldwide, particularly in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and countries in post-socialist transition.
我能做些什么？
不管你是男孩或是女孩，都要坚信你的努力是有价值的、是在为建设更美好的世界作出贡献。不管前进道路有多么艰辛，都要坚持在校完成学业、敢于为实现自己的梦想去奋斗。不管你是成年或是未成年男性，始终要像尊重自己那样去尊重你的异性。要敢于与任何形式的不平等作斗争。
对你的国家和其他地区类似的事情，你是以同样的心情关注吗？其实，在我们身边有许多组织都致力于促进男女在社会各方面机遇同等。
注意查看以下这些网址以便更好地了解有关致力于消除性别歧视的努力：
联合国人口基金会United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)：该组织在世界上158个国家都设有办事机构，主要活动有：提供有关生殖健康和抗艾滋病方面的教育宣传、促进性别平等以及帮助减少对女性的暴力侵害。
全世界妇女联合会Women Thrive Worldwide：该组织主要致力于倡导国际社会在经济和人权方面给予世界女性以帮助，帮助女性在消除其家庭、社区和国家贫困方面做出贡献。
国际女性健康联盟International Women's Health Coalition：该组织主要致力于帮助制定有关人口和医疗方面的政策、资助那些为了提高和保护女性在人权和健康方面的活动，尤其是帮助非洲、亚洲、拉丁美洲以及一些冷战后从社会主义国家转型的国家的女性们。
Globalization
https://www.doczj.com/doc/cf17752211.html,/issues/globalization
As economies and societies integrate, our world grows smaller.
全球化
https://www.doczj.com/doc/cf17752211.html,/issues/globalization
随着世界全球化进程的加快，我们的地球变得越来越少了。
What is it?
The growing integration of economies and societies around the world.
Globalization is an inevitable phenomenon in human history that's been bringing the world closer through the exchange of goods and products, information, knowledge and culture. But over the last few decades, the pace of this global integration has become much faster and more dramatic because of unprecedented advancements in technology, communications, science, transport and industry.
While globalization is a catalyst for and a consequence of human progress, it is also a messy process that requires adjustment and creates significant challenges and problems. This rapid pace of change can be unsettling and most societies want to control or manage it.
它是什么？
世界政治和经济的融合同一
全球化是人类社会发展的必然趋势。全球化过程中，随着世界范围内商品交换、信息共享以及文化交流的日益频繁，地球变得越来越小了。特别是在过去短短几十年间，由于科技、通讯和运输业的飞速发展，继而使全球化进程的速度也是史无前例的迅猛。
虽然全球化是人类社会发展的必然结果、也是人类进步的催化剂，但同时该进程又是极其复杂的，它需要被调整；它在创造巨大机遇的同时又带来了许多问题。虽然这个快速的变革会引起动荡，但大多数国家都在想方设法驾驭它。
Why should I care?
Globalization has sparked one of the most highly charged debates of the past decade.
When people criticize the effects of globalization, they generally refer to economic integration. Economic integration occurs when countries lower barriers such as import tariffs and open their economies up to investment and trade with the rest of the world. These critics complain that inequalities in the current global trading system hurt developing countries at the expense of developed countries.
Supporters of globalization say countries—like China, India, Uganda and Vietnam—that have opened up to the world economy have significantly reduced poverty.
Critics argue that the process has exploited people in developing countries, caused massive disruptions and produced few benefits.
But for all countries to be able to reap the benefits of globalization, the international community must continue working to reduce distortions in international trade (cutting agricultural subsidies and trade barriers) that favor developed countries and to create a more fair system.
为什么这又关系到我呢？
在刚过去的10年里，全球化已成为人们最热烈争论的话题。
当人们在指责全球化不利影响时，他们通常就是指全球经济融合的现象。当国与国之间相互降低壁垒，比如降低关税、开放市场、招商引资以及扩大贸易时，全球经济就呈现融合的趋势。针对全球化的批评主要涉及目前全球贸易体系中出现的不平等现象。这种不平等现象在伤害发展中国家的同时也让发达国家付出代价的。
然而，对全球化持支持态度的人认为像中国、印度、乌干达和越南等国家由于实行开放政策，他们国家在减少贫穷方面已经取得了极大的成功。
批评界人士认为全球化剥削了发展中国家的人们，造成了巨大的贫富差距，所以说：全球化是弊大于利。
但是为了世界各国都能分享全球化带来的好处，国际社会必须继续努力减少在国际贸易中出现的只对发达国家有利的扭曲现象（减少对农业的补贴和消除贸易壁垒），从而打造一个更加公平的贸易体系。
Some countries have profited from globalization.
?China: Reform led to the largest poverty reduction in history. Between 1990 and 2005, poverty rates in the country fell from 60% to 16%, leaving 475 million fewer people in poverty.
?India: Cut its poverty rate in half in the past two decades.
?Uganda: Poverty fell 40% during the 1990s and school enrollments doubled.
?Vietnam: Surveys of the country's poorest households show 98% of people improved their living conditions in the 1990s. The government conducted a household survey at the beginning of reforms and went back 6 years later to the same households and found impressive reductions in poverty. People had more food to eat and children were attending secondary school. Trade liberalization was one factor among many that contributed to Vietnam's success. The country cut poverty in half in a decade.
Economic integration raised the prices for the products of poor farmers—rice, fish, cashews—and also created large numbers of factory jobs in footwear and garments, jobs that paid a lot more than existing opportunities in Vietnam.
从全球化中获益的国家
中国——改革开放使其在减贫方面获得历史上空前的成果。在1990年至2005年间，其贫困人口占该国总人口的比例从60%一下子降到16%，使得4.75亿人摆脱了贫困。
印度——在过去的20年里，该国贫困人口锐减了50%。
乌干达——在二十世纪90年代其贫困人口减少40%，儿童入学率翻了一番。
越南——通过对该国最贫困的家庭调查显示：98%的贫困人口在上世纪90年代改善了生活水平。该国政府在改革之初对一些家庭做了调查，时隔6年后再对之前的家庭重新调查，其结果显示他们在很大程度上其贫困程度得以降低。人们可以获得更多的食物，能够上中学的孩子的比例也提高了。能够使越南获得成功的因素之一就是实行贸易自由化。越南在10年间使其贫困人口减少了一半。经济全球化使得当地农产品（如稻谷、鱼类产品以及腰果等）的价格有了提高，同时在制鞋和服装业方面创造了大量的就业机会，而这些新的就业岗位都比其传统的行业收入更高。
But others have not
?Many countries in Africa have failed to share in the gains of globalization. Their exports have remained confined to a narrow range of primary commodities.
?Some experts suggest poor policies and infrastructure, weak institutions and corrupt governance have marginalized some countries.
?Other experts believe that geographical and climatic disadvantage have locked some countries out of global growth. For example, land-locked countries may find it hard to compete in global manufacturing and service markets.
但是在全球化过程中也未能分享其成果的国家
大多数非洲国家都未能分享全球化带来的好处。他们的出口产品范围依然很窄，局限于初级产品。
有些专家认为：不力的政策、薄弱的基础设施、无能的政府机构再加上腐败的管理措施已经把一些国家排斥在世界经济发展的外围了。而另一些专家却认为是人口和气候的不利因素才是导致这些国家被排斥在世界经济发展的大门之外的因素。比如说：那些被陆地包围的国家就很难在全球制造业和服务行业中争得一席之地。
Over the last few years, there have been protests about the effects of globalization in the United States and Europe. But in a lot of developing countries there is very strong support for different aspects of integration—especially trade and direct investment, according to a recent survey conducted by The Pew Center. In sub-Saharan Africa, 75% of households thought it was a good thing that multinational corporations were investing in their countries.
近年来，在美国和欧洲也有些人起来抗议全球化带来的不利影响。但是许多国家在很多方面依然坚信全球化会带来更多好处，尤其是在贸易和直接投资方面，这项结论是The Pew Center在最近的一项调查中得出的。在撒哈拉以南的非洲地区，有75%的家庭认为跨国公司在他们那儿投资是件好事。
What is the international community doing?
Some economists have described globalization as a fast train for which the countries need to "build a platform" to get on. This platform is really about creating a foundation to make sure the country functions well. It includes property rights and rule of law, basic education and health for the people, and reliable infrastructure (such as ports, roads, and customs administration).
International organizations, such as the World Bank, bilateral aid agencies and nongovernmental organizations, work with developing countries to establish this foundation to help them prepare for global integration.
When governments don't provide this foundation and basic services, poor people can't take advantage of the opportunities that globalization offers and are left behind.
It is equally important that the government governs well. If a country's government is corrupt and incompetent, outside agencies really won't be able to make a difference.
国际社会正在做些什么？
有些经济学家把全球化比作是一列高速列车，世界各国都需要沿着列车前进的轨道旁“建立站台”以便能搭上这列高速火车。而这个站台必须要打好根基以便在列车到来时正常发挥其功能。这个根基则包括人们能享有财产权、获得基本的教育和医疗服务、要能够依法治国和要有可靠的基础设施（如港口、道路和海关管理等）。
许多国际组织如世界银行、双边援助机构和非政府组织等都在努力帮助发展中国家打下坚实的基础以便迎接全球化的挑战。
当一国政府无法提供这样的基础和基本服务设施时，那么该国处于贫困中人们就无法利用全球化带来的契机，他们就要被远远的甩在后面。
与此同时，政府的管理得当与否在能否抓住全球化的机遇方面也同样是至关重要的。如果一国政府腐败无能，那么再多的外部援助也是不起作用的。
What can I do?
Learn about the world and current events.
If you live in a developed country:
If you live in a developing country:
?Stay in school—study and learn.
?Volunteer to help those in need.
?Encourage other kids and young people to stay in school and to volunteer.
?Learn how much money your government receives in development assistance and take action to ensure government funds are properly spent.
我能做些什么？
了解世界和当前时事。
担任志愿者。浏览联合国志愿者网站或者理想主义者网站UN V olunteer or Idealist以便获得与志愿者相关的信息，主动参与促进世界可持续发展的志愿者活动。
如果你是身在发达国家，你可以从以下方面努力：
找到你们国家的志愿者服务组织。
或者通过联合国志愿者网站或者理想主义者网站UN V olunteer or Idealist能够获得相关信息。
浏览Take Action resources page.中附加的信息。
如果你能知道你们国家准备在双边援助方面愿意拿出多少钱的话，你可以设法说服你们政府再多拿出一些。浏览不同国家政府发展援助计划，可以获得相关信息。
如果你是身在发展中国家，你可以从以下方面努力：
坚持在学校完成学业。
主动帮助身边需要帮助的人。
鼓励你的同龄人继续在学校学习并积极参与志愿者活动。
通过查看你所在的国家在发展援助方面所获得的援助款数，你可以设法起到监督作用，确保政府把钱用到实处。
李长栓《非文学翻译理论与实践》第2版翻译示例汇总 第16章原文错误的识别与翻译方法 16.1发现原文错误 1.At the beginning of1997macroeconomic indicators showed a decline in industrial output,retail trade and exports.All this led to the drop in GDP in that year by one-fifth of its value in1998(-19.3%).Thus,the FRY entered the last year of the20th century as one of the poorest countries in Europe. 【译文】1999年初，宏观经济指数表明，工业产出、零售和出口呈下降趋势，导致1999年国内总产值比1998年下降五分之一(负19.3%)，因此，南斯拉夫联盟共和国进入20世纪最后一年时，成为欧洲最贫困的国家。 【解析】原文说1997年GDP比1998年下降五分之一，又说1997年是20世纪最后一年，这显然不符合逻辑。最合理的猜测(也是唯一的可能)是作者笔误，把1999误为1997。经与审校协商，译文直接改正，没有报请有关部门更正原文。审校认为，这样改正是没有疑问，再者报告来自南斯拉夫国内，联合国文件控制部门的人也无法作出决定，再联系南斯拉夫国内十分麻烦，说不定是南斯拉夫翻译的错。 2.7bore62mm AK rifles 【译文】“口径为7.62mm的AK式步枪” 【解析】查字典发现bore与枪械有关的意思有“枪膛”、“口径”。那么，原文直译则为“7枪膛/口径62毫米步枪”,好像说不通。怀疑原文有问题。用关键词查Google发现这样的
联合国国际货物销售合同公约 （权威翻译） 编 辑 前 可 删 除 此 页 合同特点：内容简洁轮廓清晰（花费了太多时间） 收取一点点费用请不要介意
《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》 第一部分 第一章适用范围 第一条 （1）本公约适用于营业地在不同国家的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合同：（a）如果这些国家是缔约国；或 （b）如果国际私法规则导致适用某一缔约国的法律。 （2）当事人营业地在不同国家的事实，如果从合同或从订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时，当事人之间的任何交易或当事人透露的情报均看不出，应不予考虑。 （3）在确定本公约的适用时，当事人的国籍和当事人或合同的民事或商业性质，应不予考虑。 第二条 本公约不适用于以下的销售： （a）购供私人、家人或家庭使用的货物的销售，除非卖方在订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时不知道而且没有理由知道这些货物是购供任何这种使用； （b）经由拍卖的销售； （c）根据法律执行令状或其它令状的销售； （d）公债、股票、投资证券、流通票据或货币的销售； （e）船舶、船只、气垫船或飞机的销售； （f）电力的销售。 第三条 （1）供应尚待制造或生产的货物的合同应视为销售合同，除非订购货物的当事人保证供应这种制造或生产所需的大部分重要材料。 （2）本公约不适用于供应货物一方的绝大部分义务在于供应劳力或其它服务的合同。 第四条 本公约只适用于销售合同的订立和卖方和买方因此种合同而产生的权利和义务。特别是，本公约除非另有明文规定，与以下事项无关： （a）合同的效力，或其任何条款的效力，或任何惯例的效力； （b）合同对所售货物所有权可能产生的影响。 第五条 本公约不适用于卖方对于货物对任何人所造成的死亡或伤害的责任。 第六条
合同法律文件翻译用词特点之一———用词正规 傅伟良 (北京第二外国语学院英语系 北京 100024) 摘 要:本文就合同法律文件用词特征,着重探讨法律文件正规性问题。文中列举若干中英文原文条款的翻译实例,论述法律术语及专业词汇怎样在汉译英时起到译文与原文功能对等的效应。 关键词:法律术语 语内译 专业词汇 合同法律文件的翻译要求严谨,而翻译中的用词准确是达到这一要求的重要一步。无论是汉语还是英语在合同法律用语上都自成一格,有鲜明的用词特点。汉译英时须将译入语的用词定位于正规、精确、鲜明,使译文具有法律文件的严谨性、准确性、权威性。本文就合同法律文件翻译的用词正规问题谈两点看法。 一、正确运用法律术语 不论是汉语合同还是英语合同都有自己的法律术语。合同法律文件的汉译英就是要在充分理解原语(汉语)的法律术语的基础上,正确选择、使用译入语的法律术语。为保证译入语能精确地表达原语的含意,研究英语的法律术语、法律英语的用词特点就显得十分重要。 一部分法律英语的的专门术语常常以here-, there-,where-作前缀与另一个词构成一个正式法律词汇,如:hereafter,hereby,herein,hereinafter, hereinbefore,hereof,hereto,hereunder,hereupon, herewith,thereafter,thereby,therefrom,therein,there2 after,thereinbefore,thereon,thereof,thereupon,there2 with;whereas,whereby,wherein,whereon,etc.下面列举几个实例来解释汉译英时使用这些词的意义及用法: 例1:“合同生效后,当事人就质量、价款或者报酬、履行地点等内容没有约定或者约定不明确的,可以协议补充;......”(《中华人民共和国合同法》第61条)。 翻译此条款时,应从语内译入手,因该条款暗含一个条件句:“如果合同生效后,当事人就......约定不明确的,”其主句是“可以协议补充;......”因此可以译为: I f,after the contract made by and between the par2 ties becomes effective,there is no agreement therein on the terms and provisions regarding quality,price or remu2 neration and place of performance,etc.or such agree2 ment is unclear,the parties may,through consultation, agree upon supplementary terms and provisions; 译文there is no agreement后面用了therein,为agreement下了明确的界说,指agreement in the cont2 ract,因therein表示in that;in that particular context; in that respect之意,在此它指上文所指的范围。其它场合亦如此,比如“合同(中)的.......,工程(中)的......”时,就可以用此词,如“修补工程中的缺陷”可以译为the remedying of any defects therein,(therein指“in the W orks”),“用于工程中的材料或机械设备”可译为materials or plant for incor2 poration therein(therein指“in the W orks”)。 例2:“.......对方有异议的,可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构确认解除合同的效力。 法律、行政法规规定解除合同应当办理批准、登记等手续的,依照其规定。”(《中华人民共和国合同法》第96条) 英译文:......I f the other party disagrees there2 with,the party in question may request the people’s court or an arbitration institution to confirm rescission of the ef2 fectiveness of the contract. Where the laws or administrative regulations specify that the rescission of a contract shall g o through the for2 malities of approval and registration,the provisions there2 of shall be com plied with. 译文在the other party disagrees之后用了there2 with,表示“与此”、“与之”之意,即disagrees with 08
联合国 The United Nations was born out of the ashes of World War II and the failures of its predecessor, the League of Nations. At a conference in San Francisco in 1945, the organization’s charter was drawn up, seeking to foster a more peaceful world and promote and develop human rights. President Harry Truman told delegates there were many who doubted they could succeed because of their differences. But these differences were all forgotten in one unshakable unity of determination to find a way to end war. That October, the United Nations was officially established after 29 of its first 50 member states ratified the charter. Today, there are 193 member states. Michael Doyle, a former advisor to Secretary-General Kofi Annan, says the organization got off to a rocky start. During the Cold War, the split between the Soviet Union and the U.S. created an institution that was at loggerheads with itself. It could only work in the margins in peacekeeping, and those particular conflicts where the U.S. and Soviets wanted to take it off their own rivalry and let it work on the side. U.N. peacekeeping was born during this period. Growing from a couple thousand “blue helmets” addressing the Suez Crisis in 1956, to more than 100,000 soldiers and police today, peacekeepers protect civilians and aid workers in some of the world’s most dangerous trouble spots. un.jpg The U.N. also delivers humanitarian assistance to victims of war and disasters, and tries to prevent and resolve conflicts. More recently, it has taken on climate change and eradicating extreme poverty. The world is changing and the U.N. has to change and adapt with it. We cannot be static. Eight men have led the U.N. since 1945. Next year, a new secretary-general will be elected. Many say it is time for a woman. There also are calls for organizational reform, particularly in the Security Council, where five countries hold veto power.
企业的社会责任：一种趋势和运动， 但社会责任是什么，是为了什么？1 企业社会责任（CSR ）已成为一个全球趋势，涉及企业，国家，国际组织和民间社会组织。但这远远不能清楚CSR的主张，有什么真正的趋势，是从哪里开始，在哪里发展，谁是项目的主要行动者。如果把它作为一种社会运动，我们必须要问：什么运动和谁执行？讨论有助于我们反思形成的趋势和如何管理某些特点来迅速和广泛地在全球各地进行扩展，并增加了以下体制变革,特别是对变化中国家之间、企业法人和民间社会组织关系之间的界限的作用。 企业社会责任的趋势在三个方面：作为一个管理框架，新的要求，地方企业;作为动员企业行为，以协助国家的发展援助;和作为管理趋势。每一个这些画像表明，中心的某些行为，关系，驾驭团队和利益。我的例子表明，没有人对这些意见似乎比别人更准确，而是，活动包括规范的不同利益、作用因素、起源和轨迹。这些多重身份的趋势可以部分描述其成功以及它的争论，脆弱性和流动性。 许多公司现在有具体的计划和小节在其网站上处理企业社会责任。在过去，软条例和指导网络，国际公认的规则一直是一种重要机制，作用在公司、国家和国家间组织的需求，例如，发布指导方针和条例的公司。在这背景下，国际组织仍然是重要的行动者，他们正在寻求与跨国公司进行对话，而不是试图通过国家控制企业社会责任。各国际组织不是对企业的社会责任监管机构;而他们却是监管和自我约束的倡议之间的经纪人的最合适人选。对社会负责行为和监测这些行为的需求越来越多地以国家以外的这些组织为渠道，并强调赞成高比例的自律。因此，我们看到了软法律(Morth, 2004)的出现，或者是Knill 和Lehmkuhl (2002) 所说的“被规管的自律”，和Moran (2002)所归纳的“精细”或“非正式”规章。我更喜欢“软法律”和“软规章”的说法，因为他们并不总是非正式的。软规章常常包括正式报告和统筹程序。还有，从统筹和行政的观点来看，那些规章和精细还是相去甚远的。社会责任的措施和规章在公司和他们的利益相关者之间的对话中发展。 联合国全球契约是发展中的软规章框架的中心。它是自愿的，没有法律约束力的制裁。适用于没有遵守规章并被笼统制定的企业。它为理解条例提供许多余地，从而以适合它们自身情况和期待的某种方式，实现将规章转化为行动的改变。该倡议是建立在菜单上的书面原则基础上的国际宣言和协定的成员契约遵循。然而，契约本身并不是一个法律框架。此倡议依赖于承诺，信誉和能见度遵守，而不是对不符合原则的企业发出明确的制裁。全球契约从全球影响力和道德权威的联合国和增列角色创建社区发出的原则，增长其信誉。软规则，换言之，是嵌套在更广泛的监管范围（Jacobsson和萨赫林-安德森，2006年），更说明了一个事实，即目前还不清楚，结合这些条例以及在何种程度上可以预料，从而遵守或将保持疲软。
联合国文稿读译--砖块积累练习： 1. On this day, WHO joins others in celebrating women’s achievements. These achievements are inspiring, and they can inspire change. In health development, as in many other areas, women are agents of change. They are the driving force that creates better lives for families, communities and, increasingly, the countries they have been elected to govern. As I have learned from my discussions with parliaments in several countries, women are increasingly winning top leadership roles, in rich and poor countries alike, and this helps shape entire societies in broadly beneficial ways. Every time a women excels in a high-profile position, her achievement lifts the social status of women everywhere. To inspire change, all women need to be free to achieve their full potential. This means freedom from all forms of discrimination, freedom to pursue all opportunities, including education, freedom to earn and spend their own income, and freedom to follow the career paths they decide they want. The health sector can do much to free women by ensuring they have
Arafat ready for unconditional truce 阿拉法特期待无条件停战会谈Protests against war across world反战抗议遍及全球 Time Is Money, Just Figure Out How Much一寸光阴几寸金 Starts with S, Ends with Ex怎一个“性”字了得 Year of the Citi in China?花旗招展之年？ Record SAR admissions to mainland universities香港学生北上升学人数倍Four Killed and Five Hurt in a House Fire房屋起火，五伤四亡 Helping the Homeless to Help Themselves帮助无家可归者自强自立Pioneer colleges face axe. 一些实验学院面临砍削。 Irag gets OK to sell 1 6 billion in oil.伊拉克获准出售16亿美元的石油。Tourism up and violence off , Jamaica says.牙买加称:旅游业务增加,暴力事件减少。Canada to bill Russia加拿大将向俄罗斯索取赔款。 . Farm price marathon opens in Brussels 马拉松式的农产品价格会议在布鲁塞尔开幕。 A window into human trafficking in Texas 德州人口贩卖一揽 Israel to ask US for bombs in the fight against Iran以色列向美国索要炸弹轰炸伊朗 (the) High Court Rejects (the) Mining Plea.—高级法院驳回矿工的请求 2. (A) Cold and (A) Rainy day (is) expected. –预计将有寒冷雨天。 3. China Appoints (its) First Governor in World Bank.—中国任命第一位驻世界银行代表。 4. Tourist (is) Arrested for Espionage Charges.一游客涉嫌间谍活动被捕。
【翻译词汇】21世纪报热词（中英对照） safe haven 安全岛 sting operation “钓鱼”执法 nutritional assistance 粮食援助 pause for a minute’s silence 一分钟静默 uphill reelection campaign 艰难的连任竞选 narrow nationalism 狭隘的民族主义 morality bank 道德银行 tailor-made recruitment 萝卜招聘 Forbidden City Museum robber 故宫大盗 a scrap of paper 一张废纸 Hollywood-caliber 好莱坞水准 nuclear security 核安全 courtesy pledge 文明宣言 red warrant 红色通缉令 co-hiring 合乘 rubber-stamp 不假思索地批准 green job/environmentally friendly job 绿色工作 internal drivers of growth 内生增长 visit Taiwan individually 赴台个人游 second-degree murder 二级谋杀 keep close tabs on 密切关注 necessities of life 民生必需品 unreasonable charges 乱收费 military first 先军思想 serious discipline violations 严重违纪 contaminated capsules/chromium-contaminated capsules/capsules with excessive chromium contamination 毒胶囊 freeloading 吃空饷 turnaround 峰回路转 catch sb. off guard 让人措手不及 lean meat powder 瘦肉精 battleground states 摇摆州 be brought face to face 使当面对质 extort money from sb 敲诈勒索 an attempted plane hijacking 劫机未遂 settlement 和解 carrot and stick 软硬兼施 price cut 价格下调 national rejuvenation 民族复兴 drug ring 贩毒集团 provide some closure 有个了结
Dear Mr. Dujarric, Ladies and gentlemen, Good Morning! It's been two years since we took the project, UN document translation. This project is under the direct leadership of Professor Wang Labao, dean of the School of Foreign Languages, and Professor Wang Hong. Over the past two years, we have translated more than 150,000 words of UN documents and we, as translators, are proud to be able to get closer to UN and to let more people know what UN has done and is doing to make this world a better place for all human beings. However, the translation of UN documents is by no means an easy job. Each time when we translated a document, we put faithfulness, expressiveness, and appropriateness at the center of our attention and we spent a lot of time in revising and polishing our translations. “Good, better, best. Never let it rest. Until your good is better and your better is best.” This is the saying that Prof. Wang Hong always reminded us of. And we are very lucky to have him as our supervisor during the whole process of UN document translation. Cooperation and communication is the key to the success of UN document translation. It's a shared realization among us that this project is a whole and we must work as one. Thus, in the past two years, we made the best use of what we had to establish quick and easy communications and to share related resources. We had numerous heated discussions among us as to how to improve the quality of translation. And we learned quite a lot from our teachers and classmates. Translating UN documents is indeed a valuable experience for us. We see now a much clearer picture of how translation should be done and what responsibilities we should take in our future career. And more importantly, thanks to it, we have a better understanding of what we can do to make this world a better place. This is beautiful! And this will be with us in our future days! Thank you!
国际组织英文名称缩略词旭东翻译硕士考 研资料
国际组织英文名称缩略词 1. IMO International Maritime Organization 国际海事组织 2. IMCO Inter-governmental Maritime Consultative Organization政府间海事协商组织 3. WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization（世界知识产组织） 4. IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development 国际农业发展基金 5. IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency国际原子能机构 6. UN United Nations 联合国 7. UNCF United Nations Children's Fund 联合国儿童基金 8. GNP Gross national product国民生产总值 9. OECD Organization Economic Cooperation Development国际经济合作发展组织 10. ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations东南亚国家联盟 11. CPC Communist Party of China 中国共产党 12. OAU Organization of African Unity非洲统一组织 13. IDA International Development Association国际开发协会 14. ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization国际民航组织 15. UPU Universal Postal Union 万国邮政联盟
1.中国常驻联合国Permanent Representative of the United Nations 2.普林斯顿大学Princeton University 3.很荣幸It’s an honor to / I’m honored to / I’m privileged to 4.耳熟能详 a familiar name; 5.伍德罗·威尔逊Woodrow Wilson 6.爱因斯坦Albert Einstein 7. T.S.艾略特T.S. Eliot 8.杰出人物outstanding people / celebrities 9.周年anniversary 10.紧要关头pivotal moment 11.发挥了关键作用play a crucial role 12.相距万里be far apart 13.服装、日用品garments and daily items 14.增进了解gain a better / enhance understanding of 15.锦上添花make what is good still better
banquet；宴会 the Goodwill Delegation友好代表团 It is such a delight to meet friends coming afar.有朋自远方来不亦说乎 hereby;在此 Hubei Provincial Government;湖北省政府Governor Li李省长 hospitality热情mutual visit互访pave the way开辟道路 in closing最后
“所谓的比别人有天赋只不过是比别人勤奋，比别人对英文更感兴趣而已。” 联合国网：英文版 https://www.doczj.com/doc/cf17752211.html,/en/ 和其对应的中文版 https://www.doczj.com/doc/cf17752211.html,/zh/（很多考试选材都来自联合国官方重要文件。） 2. 国新办（基本上每场发布会都带交传的，可以学习其他译员的长处。） 3. catti官方论坛（打算考人事部翻译资格证的可以去逛逛，我碰巧过了笔译和口译的2级。） 4. 英文巴士：https://www.doczj.com/doc/cf17752211.html,/ 强烈推荐（一个新兴的翻译站点，创办者为第四届优 萌杯竞赛获奖者，偏重文学翻译，汇集了不少背景资料和翻译赛事。） 5. 译言：https://www.doczj.com/doc/cf17752211.html,/?from_com（大名鼎鼎，由三名在美国留学的清华毕业生创办，高水平的译者可与之签约。） 6. 林超伦·实战口译（对外经贸大校友，英国外交部首席中文翻译，网站上有在线模拟练习。） 7. 口译网：https://www.doczj.com/doc/cf17752211.html,/（国内开办比较早，有一定知名度的口译站，不过，更新比较慢。） 8. 北外高翻院长李长栓教授的博客（有历年北外高翻试题提供哦。） 9. 周蕴仪的博客（李长栓教授的得意门生之一） 10. 双子同声传译工作室（同传译员梁潇方的个人网站，广外高翻毕业，有多年大型国际会议口译经验。） 11. 徐华飞的博客（此人上外毕业，很牛气，考了不少翻译证书，现为同传译员。） 12. 联译网（原来的https://www.doczj.com/doc/cf17752211.html,网站。） 13. 北大译坛（北大翻译协会办的。） 14. ECO中文论坛（主要是经济方面的时文翻译，已举办两届比赛。） 15. 口译天下（其创办者 jackyhuang112 用一年时间考上了欧盟口译司，现在新加坡任职。） 16. UN Interpreters (联合国译员网，提供联合国的一些官方文件。） 17. Interpreter Training Resources （一些免费的口笔译技巧。） 18. 传译在线（资料还是比较丰富，但有些需要注册才能获取。） 同声传译姚斌 https://www.doczj.com/doc/cf17752211.html,/ 陈建军 https://www.doczj.com/doc/cf17752211.html,/professionaltranslator （北外高翻毕业）
经贸文章的翻译 内容分五部分：经贸文章的翻译标准；经贸文章翻译前的准备；翻译经贸报的基本方法；语境和逻辑；以及自己的翻译经验和体会。 一、经贸文章翻译的基本标准。 准确性。 经贸类文章对准确性有很高的要求，即使是细小的技术性错误，也会导致与原意有很大差距，经贸类翻译对准确性的要求很高。如：commercial lending 如果按照字面意思翻译就是“商业贷款”，而在商业习惯用于中却应当为“经常性贷款”，同样，operating expenses也不是“经营支出”而应当翻译成“经常性支出”等，类似的例子还有supporting reforms 配套改革counterpart funds配套资金financial supervision金融监管credit union;合作银行industrial bank;实业银行favorable balance;顺差adverse balance;逆差hard currency;硬通货以及soft currency;软通货等。 翻译经贸文章不可缺少的一个步骤就是审校，这点不必细说，经贸类文章一旦出错，后果可能是无法挽回的。 约定俗成性。 经贸文章中有许多固定称谓不能随意改变，否则容易破坏人们习惯上的理解，甚至造成严重分歧。如Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC)就不能译成“香港上海银行公司”，而应按照习惯译成“汇丰银行”，capital account不应译作“资本账户”，而应译成“资本项目”。以下是几个固定称谓的例子：National City Bank of New York;花旗银行mortgage loan 按揭贷款risks in 6 key areas 六大风险(美国联邦储备委员会所规定的一套标准)cash tree经济林pyramid sales传销withdrawal of currency from circulation货币回笼absorb idle fund吸收游资per capita人均per annum 年均，又如“第一产业”primary industry “第三产业”tertiary industry或service sector（而不是3rd industry）等。另外有些表达形式是适应西方思维习惯而特别确定的，如前几年常说的“亚洲四小龙”，用英语表达则应是“The Asian Four Tigers”或“Four Tigers in Asia”，因为在英语中龙是一
联合国的语言和翻译 联合国官方正式使用的语言只有6种，按英文字母顺序为阿拉伯语、汉语、英语、法语、俄语、西班牙语。6种语言同等有效，代表们发言时可以任意选用其中一种。秘书处日常使用的工作语言，则有英语和法语两种，实际上英语使用更广泛。 《联合国编辑手册》指出，英语档应以英式用法和牛津拼写为准，汉字应以简体中文为准。繁体中文在1971年中国代表权发生转移后（从中华民国到中华人民共和国）就已被取代。 凡是联合国的正式会议，代表们的发言都要在现场用阿、汉、英、法、俄、西6种语言“同声传译”。正式文件，包括重要发言，都要用6种文字印出，因而每次正式会议都必须安排6种语言的翻译，不得有任何疏漏。 为了完成繁重的翻译任务，联合国秘书处有一支庞大的翻译队伍，由会议事务部管辖。口译和笔译分开，两者加起来有470多人，分别由该部下属的口译与会议司和翻译司负责。 “联大”会堂和各个会议厅都配有同声传译。每个语种，都有一个称之为“箱子”的同声传译工作室。6种语言共有6个“箱子”。开会时，每个“箱子”里通常坐着3位译员，每位译员头上都戴有耳机倾听发言，轮流对着话筒翻译。会场内，每个座位上都装有6种同声传译机，代表们可以按旋纽选择自己想听的语言。 联合国秘书长 职责权限 联合国秘书长既是外交官又是代言人，既是公务员又是执行官，《联合国宪章》规定，联合国秘书长履行行政官的职务，以及安理会、联合国大会、经济社会理事会和其他联合国组织“所托付之其他职务”。宪章还规定秘书长有权力“将其所认为可能威胁国际和平及安全之任何事件，提请安全理事会注意”。这些纲领性的原则即明确规定了本职位的权力，又给予其极大的采取行动的自由。如果秘书长不关心成员国的利益，他就不称职。但是他必须要维护联合国的价值观念和道德权威，一言一行都要从和平的角度出发，为此甚至可以不惜经常得罪上述成员国。 秘书长要参加联合国各机构的会议，同世界领袖、政府官员和其他人员举行会谈，奔赴世界各地，使成员国的人们能清楚的了解联合国日程上值得国际关注的众多事情。每年，秘书长都要作联合国工作报告，评价联合国的工作，指出以后的工作重点。联合国秘书长同时又是行政协调委员会的主席。该委员会由联合国基金会、署及其他专门部门组成，每两年举行一次会议，在联合国体系面临的全部重要事宜和管理事务上谋求进一步的协调与合作。 联合国秘书长的最重要作用之一就是发挥他的“积极职能”，本着独立、公正、诚信的原则，公开或私下里采取措施，防止国际争端的产生、激化和传播。 每任秘书长在其任期中间都会根据当时的时代形势确定自己的工作重点。根据《联合国宪章》，联合国秘书长经安理会推荐由联合国大会任命。 历任联合国秘书长 （“n.”表示第n任） 0.格拉德温·杰布（英国） 于1945年至1946年在联合国初创阶段担任过代理秘书长。 1.特里格夫·赖伊（挪威，欧洲）1946年2月至1952年11月10日在任 （1896.7.16—1968.12.30在世） 1946年2月1日当选为联合国首任秘书长。1951年连任，后因支持联合国对朝鲜战争进行军事干涉，被迫于1952年11月10日辞去联合国秘书长职务。 2.达格·哈马舍尔德（瑞典，欧洲）1953年4月10日至1961年9月18日在任 （1905.7.29—1961.9.18在世）
联合国会议口译词汇 ABCC= Advisory Board on Compensation Claims 索偿事项咨询委员会Abolition of posts 员额裁撤 Absorb 匀支 absorption factor 承担系数 Accommodation units 办公室安排股 Account for 点清；查明 Accountability Panel 问责制专门小组 accounting conventions 会计惯例 Accounts Division 帐务司 accrual 应计制；权责发生制 ACPAQ = advisory committee on post adjustment questions 工作地
点差价调整数问题咨委会(调整数咨委会) Active missions 现有特派团 Additional estimates 追加概算 Administration of justice 司法行政 Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the UN PKO’s 联合国维持和平行动经费筹措的行政和预算问题 Administrative business processes 行政事务程序 advocacy 倡导 Age profile of the staff 年龄分布状况 Alignment of the NCE and G-P Exam 协调 Apportion 分摊 approving officer 核签人
Archiving 归档 Arrears 积欠会费 ASG for central support services 丹羽敏之 Associate expert 协理专家 Audit certificate 审计证书 Audited financial statement 审定财务报表 Auditor, visiting 巡回审计员 Award of contracts 订立; 决标 Back-office consolidation in the Common Services area 巩固共同事务领域办公室后台工作 Backstopping of PKO’s
潘基文连任联合国秘书长就职演说（中英对照） 美国当地时间2011年6月21日（北京时间6月22日），联合国大会通过决议，正式任命潘基文为下一任联合国秘书长，潘基文在宣誓仪式后，发表就职演说，以下为演说的全文，中文由口译网会员翻译： 联合国秘书长潘基文左手放在《联合国宪章》原件之上，举起右手庄严宣誓：“我，潘基文，庄严宣誓以绝对的忠诚、谨慎和良知，履行赋予我作为联合国秘书长的职责，唯以联合国的利益来履行这些职责并规范我的行为，在履行我的职责时不寻求或接受任何政府或本组织之外其他权力机构的指示。” UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's Remarks to the General Assembly After Being Elected for a Second Term New York, 21 June 2011 潘基文在获选连任联合国秘书长大会上的就职演说 2011年6月21日纽约，联合国大会 President of the General Assembly, Presidents of the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and the Trusteeship Council, Foreign Minister of the Republic of Korea, Vice Presidents of the General Assembly, Representatives of the Five Regional Groups, Permanent Representative of the United States, Excellencies, Distinguished guests, Ladies and gentlemen, 联合国大会主席， 安理会、经济及社会理事会、托管理事会各位主席，