PART THREE
Economic and social questions
第三部分
经济与社会问题
Chapter XIV
International drug control
第十四章
国际毒品管制
The United Nations continued in 2005 to strengthen international cooperation in countering the world drug problem, mainly through the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). The UN system’s drug control activities focused on carrying out the 1999 Action Plan for the Implementation of the Declaration on the Guiding Principles of Drug Demand Reduction.
2005年，联合国主要通过麻醉药品委员会、国际麻醉品管制局（麻管局）、联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室（禁毒办）这三个部门的工作，继续加强国际合作，应对世界毒品问题。整个联合国系统的毒品管制活动主要集中在实施1999年《关于执行减少毒品需求指导原则宣言的行动计划》。
UNODC coordinated the drug control activities of UN organizations and provided technical expertise to Member States. As the custodian of international conventions to counter the world drug problem, it assisted States in complying with those conventions and supported INCB in monitoring their implementation. States and the international community were assisted in improving data collection and analysis. UNODC also contributed to a strengthened international drug control system through its integrated portfolio of global programmes and regional and country projects. In addition, support was provided for the design and implementation of alternative development programmes and projects in all regions where illicit drugs were cultivated.
联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室（禁毒办）协调联合国各机构的毒品管制活动，并为会员国提供技术援助和知识型专长。禁毒办作为对付世界毒品问题的各项国际公约的保管人，协助各国遵守这些公约的规定，并支持国际麻醉品管制局监督公约的执行情况。协助各国和国际社会改善数据收集和分析工作。禁毒办继续改善可供会员国利用的数据和分析工作，通过其全球方案以及区域和国家项目加强国际毒品管制体系。另外，禁毒办支持在非法作物种植地区设计和实施替代发展方案。
The Commission on Narcotic Drugs—the main UN drug control policymaking body—recommended a number of draft resolutions to the Economic and Social Council and adopted resolutions on the follow-up to the General Assembly’s twentieth (1998) special session on
countering the world drug problem, implementation of the international drug control treaties, demand reduction and the prevention of drug abuse, alternative development, illicit drug trafficking and supply, administrative and budgetary matters and strengthening UN machinery for international drug control. In July, the Council urged Governments to continue to contribute to maintaining a balance between the licit supply of and demand for opiate raw materials for medical and scientific needs, to prevent their illicit production or diversion and to remove barriers to the medical use of opioid analgesics. It encouraged the development, implementation and strengthening of measures for the prevention and suppression of illicit drug trafficking and to promote demand reduction in transit States. The Council called on the international community to support Afghanistan’s counter-narcotics objectives and requested UNODC to ensure that multilateral support was provided. That call was echoed by the Assembly in December. Also in December, the Assembly adopted an omnibus resolution on international cooperation against the world drug problem that addressed data collection and research; community capacity-building; demand reduction; illicit synthetic drugs; control of substances; judicial cooperation; countering money-laundering; and illicit crop eradication and alternative development.
联合国药物管制的主要决策机构——麻醉药品委员会向经社理事会推荐了若干决议草案，还通过了有关联合国大会第二十届特别会议（1998年）后续行动的多项决议，这次特别会议讨论了打击世界毒品问题、执行国际毒品管制条约、减少需求和预防药物滥用、替代发展方案、非法毒品贩运及供应、行政和预算事项、加强联合国机构的国际药品管制。7月，经社理事会敦促各国政府努力保持医学与科学需要的阿片剂原料合法供需之间的平衡，以防止阿片剂原料的非法生产或转移，消除类阿片止痛剂用于医学的屏障。经社会鼓励发展、实施并加强旨在预防和打压非法毒品贩运措施的措施，推动过境国降低毒品需求。经社会呼吁国际社会支持阿富汗打击麻醉品的目标，并要求禁毒办确保提供多边援助。联合国大会12月重申了该呼吁。12月，大会通过了一项关于打击世界毒品问题的国际合作的决议，决议涉及的问题包括：数据收集和研究、社区能力建设、减少需求、非法合成药物、物质管制、司法合作、反洗钱、根除非法作物和替代发展。
INCB reviewed the implementation of alternative development programmes, highlighting best practices and models for increasing their effectiveness. It continued to oversee the implementation of the three major international drug control conventions, analyse the drug situation worldwide and draw the attention of Governments to weaknesses in national control and treaty compliance, making suggestions and recommendations for improvements at the national and international levels.
国际麻醉品管制局对替代发展方案的执行情况进行了审查，强调了提高方案效力的最佳做法和模式。麻管局继续监督三大国际药物管制公约的执行情况，分析世界毒品形势，提醒各国政府注意国家管制和条约遵守方面的薄弱环节，在国家和国际层面上提出了改进的意见和建议。
Chapter XV
Statistics
第十五章
统计
The United Nations continued its statistical work programme in 2005, mainly through the activities of the Statistical Commission and the United Nations Statistics Division. In March, the Statistical Commission recommended to the Economic and Social Council the adoption of a draft resolution launching the 2010 World Population and Housing Census Programme; the Council adopted the resolution in July. The Commission also endorsed the 2006-2007 work programme for the Statistics Division, and approved the Commission’s multi-year programme of work for 2005-2008.
2005年，联合国主要通过统计委员会及联合国统计司的活动来继续进行统计工作方案。3月，统计委员会建议经社理事会通过一项关于开展2010年世界人口和住房普查方案的决议草案；7月，经社会通过了此项决议。此外，该委员会通过了统计司2006-2007年的工作方案，并批准了委员会2005-2008年的工作方案。
The Commission reviewed the work of groups of countries and international organizations in various areas of economic, social, demographic and environment statistics and made specific recommendations and suggestions.
统计委员会审查了国家集团和国际组织在经济、社会、人口和环境统计等多个领域的工作，并给出了具体的建议和意见。
PART FOUR
第四部分
Legal questions
法律问题
Chapter I
第一章
International Court of Justice
国际法院
In 2005, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) delivered three Judgments, made four Orders and had 14 contentious cases pending before it.
2005年，国际法院做出了3项判决，发布了4项命令，及14待决宗诉讼案件。
In a 27 October address to the General Assembly, the ICJ President noted that the disputes resolved by the Court represented a level of activity unprecedented in its history. Faced with a growing caseload, ICJ had made efforts to increase its judicial efficiency, while maintaining the quality of its work. Among other reforms, it had modernized the organization of the Registry, reviewed and adapted its internal working methods, and modified its Rules where necessary. More States were accepting its jurisdiction to resolve their disputes with other nations. The ICJ President also noted that the Secretary-General, in his May report “In Larger Freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all” (see p. 67), had urged States to recognize ICJ’s role in adjudicating t heir disputes and to consider how to further strengthen the Court’s work.
10月27日，国际法院院长在联合国大会上发言时指出国际法院解决争端所表现出来的行动水平在史上前所未有。面对案件的增多，国际法院努力增强司法效率，同时保证工作质量。国际法院进行的改革包括：完成了书记官处组织机构的现代化；省查和调整了其内部工作方法；以及酌情修订了《规则》。越来越多的国家正在接受国际法院的管辖权，以此来解决与其他国家的纠纷。国际法院院长还强调指出，秘书长在其五月《大自由：实现人人共享的发展、安全和人权》的报告中（见67页）敦促各国认可国际法院在判决各国争议方面的作用以及考虑如何继续加强法庭的工作。
Chapter II
第二章
International tribunals and court
国际刑事法庭和法院
In 2005, the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 (ICTY) made significant progress in accomplishing its mandate by 2010. As part of that effort, a pilot e-Court system was implemented in February, integrating all documents into a central electronic database. In March, a Special War Crimes Chamber was established within the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina to receive cases from ICTY and take over cases of lower-level accused not being pursued by the Tribunal. In August, the Security Council amended ICTY Statute to extend the terms of office of some short- term judges, to allow them to finish adjudicating the cases on which they had begun working.
2005年，起诉应对1991年以来前南斯拉夫境内所犯严重违反国际人道主义法行为负责者的国际法庭（前南问题国际刑事法庭）在争取到2010年完成任务方面取得了重大进展，其努力包括2月开展的电子法院系统的试点工作，即把所有文件都放入中央电子数据库。3月，在波黑国家法院内设立特别战争罪审判庭，负责受理审理前南问题国际刑事法庭的案件和法庭不追诉的较低级别的被告人的案件。8月，安理会修订了前南问题国际刑事法庭规约，延长了一些短期法官的任期，以让他们完成他们着手的审案件的判决。
During the year, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 1994 (ICTR) rendered three judgments and commenced three new trials. The Tribunal was on course to completing all trials by 2008. Mean- while, outreach programme activities continued to be a priority for ICTR, with the Information Centre in Rwanda being its focal point. To that end, seminars and workshops on international humanitarian and criminal law were held for Rwandan legal practitioners.
同年，起诉应对1994年1月1日至12月31日期间在卢旺达境内的种族灭绝和其他严重违反国际人道主义法行为负责者和应对这一期间邻国境内种族灭绝和其他这类违法行为负责的卢旺达公民的国际刑事法庭的报告（卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭）作出了3项判决，并开始审理3宗新案件，该法庭于2008年完成目前正在进行的所有审判。同时，外联方案继续是一个优先事项，卢旺达信息中心是其重点。为此目的，为卢旺达法律工作者举办了国际人道主义法和刑法问题讨论会和讲习班。
The International Criminal Court (ICC), in its second year of functioning, began its operational phase, conducting investigation into situations of concern in three countries. In June, the Security Council referred to it the situation in the Darfur region of the Sudan.
国际刑事法院在其运作的第二年开始了运作阶段，对3个国家的受关注局势进行调查。
6月，安理会协助该法庭调查苏丹达尔富尔地区的情况。
Chapter IV
第四章
Law of the sea
海洋法
The United Nations continued in 2005 to promote universal acceptance of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and its two implementing Agreements on the conservation and management of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish and on the privileges and immunities of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.
2005年，联合国继续推进1982年《联合国海洋法公约》及两份关于养护和管理跨界鱼类种群和高度洄游鱼类种群实施协定，使其得到广泛接受。2005年，联合国还协助国际海洋法法庭开展工作。
The three institutions created by the Convention—the International Seabed Authority, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf—held sessions during the year.
《公约》创立的三个机构，即国际海底管理局、国际海洋法法庭和大陆架界限委员会，都在本年度召开了会议。
Part Four: Legal questions
第四部分: 法律问题
I. INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE 1379 第一章国际法院1379
Judicial work of the Court, 1379; Other questions, 1385.
法院司法工作,1379;其他问题，1385。
II. INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS AND COURT 1387 第二章国际刑事法庭和法院1387
INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLA VIA, 1387: The Chambers, 1387; Office of the Prosecutor, 1395; The Registry, 1395; Financing, 1395. INTERNA TIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR RW ANDA, 1397: The Chambers, 1397; Office of the Prosecutor, 1399; The Registry, 1399; Financing, 1399. FUNCTIONING OF THE TRIBUNALS, 1401: Implementation of completion strategy, 1402. INTERNA TIONAL CRIM- INAL COURT, 1402: The Chambers, 1404.
前南斯拉夫问题国际法庭，1387：分庭，1387；检察官办公室，1395；书记官处，1395；筹资，1395。卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭，1397；分庭，1397；检察官办公室，1399；书记官处，1399；筹资，1399。法庭的运作，1401：完成工作战略的执行，1402。国际刑事法院，1402：分庭，1404。
III. LEGAL ASPECTS OF INTERNA TIONAL POLITICAL RELATIONS 1406第三章国际政治关系的法律方面1406
INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION, 1406: Unilateral acts of States, 1408; Responsibility of international organizations, 1408; Fragmentation of international law, 1409; Shared natural resources, 1409. Expulsion of aliens, 1409; Effects of armed conflicts on treaties, 1410. INTERNATIONAL STA TE RELATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW, 1410: Jurisdictional immunities of States and their property, 1410; International terrorism, 1410; Safety and security of United Nations and associated personnel, 1419. DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS , 1421: Protection of diplomatic and consular missions and representatives, 1421. TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS, 1422: Reservations to treaties, 1422; Treaties involving international organizations, 1422; Registration and publication of treaties by the United Nations, 1422.
国际法委员会，1406：单边国家法案，1408；国际组织的责任，1408；国际法分法，1409；共享的自然资源，1409。驱逐外国人，1409；武装冲突条约的影响, 1410。国际国家关系与国际法，1410：国家及其财产的管辖豁免，1410；国际恐怖主义，1410；联合国及相关人事的安全和保障，1419。外交关系，1421：对外交和领事团和代表的保护，1421。条约和协议，1422：有关国际组织的条约，1422；由联合国登记出版的条约，1422。
IV. LAW OF THE SEA 1424 第四章海洋法1424
UN CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA, 1424: Institutions created by the Convention, 1433; Other developments related to the Convention, 1435; Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, 1444.
《联合国海洋法公约》，1424：由《公约》创立的机构，1433；与《公约》有关的其他发展，1435；海洋事务和海洋法司，1444。
V. OTHER LEGAL QUESTIONS 1445 第五章其他法律问题1445
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW, 1445: Strengthening the role of the United Nations, 1445; UN Programme for the teaching and study of international law, 1449; Observer status for the Hague Conference on Private International Law, 1451; Host country relations, 1451. INTERNA TIONAL LAW, 1454: International bioethics law, 1454. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW, 1455: International trade law, 1456.
国际组织和国际法，1455：加强联合国的作用，1455；联合国关于教导和学习国际法律的项目，1449；关于国际私法海牙会议上观察员地位，1451；东道国关系，1451。国际法，1454：国际生态伦理法，1454。国际经济法，1455：国际贸易法，1456。
Part Five: Institutional, administrative and budgetary questions
第五部分体制、行政和预算问题
I. STRENGTHENING AND RESTRUCTURING 1467
OF THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM
第一章加强和重组联合国系统1467
PROGRAMME OF REFORM, 1467: General aspects, 1467; Agenda for change, 1468; Implementation of the Millennium Declaration, 1468; Managerial reform and oversight, 1470. INTERGOVERNMENTAL MACHINERY, 1478.
改革方案，1467：一般性问题，1467；关于改变的议程，1468；《千年宣言》的实施，1468；管理改革和监督，1470。政府间机制，1478。
II. UNITED NATIONS FINANCING AND PROGRAMMING 1482 第二章联合国筹资和方案拟定1482
FINANCIAL SITUA TION, 1482: Budget for 2004-2005, 1483; Programme budget outline for 2006-2007, 1489. CONTRIBUTIONS, 1498: Assessments, 1498. ACCOUNTS AND AUDITING, 1502: Review of UN administrative and financial functioning, 1503. PROGRAMME PLANNING, 1503: Programme performance, 1504.
财务状况，1482：2004-2005年预算，1483；2006-2007年方案预算大纲。会费，1498：分派摊款，1498。账户和审计，1502：联合国行政和财政业务审查，1503。方案规划，1503：方案执行情况，1504。
III. UNITED NATIONS STAFF 1505
第三章联合国人事事项1505
CONDITIONS OF SERVICE, 1505: International Civil Service Commission, 1505; Remuneration issues, 1505; Other remuneration issues, 1508. OTHER STAFF MATTERS, 1512: Managerial efficiency and strengthening accountability, 1512; Personnel policies, 1514; UN Joint Staff Pension Fund, 1527; Travel-related matters, 1528; Administration of justice, 1528.
服务条件，1505：国际民事服务委员会，1505；c酬劳事项，1505；其他酬劳事项，1508。其他人事事项，1512：管理效率和加强责任，1512；人事政策，1514；联合国合办工作人员养恤基金，1527；旅行和先关事宜，1528；内部司法，1528。
IV. INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE MA TTERS 1536 第四章体制及行政问题1536
INSTITUTIONAL MACHINERY, 1536: General Assembly, 1536; Security Council, 1539; Economic and Social Council, 1539. COORDINATION, MONITORING AND COOPERATION, 1540: Institutional mechanisms, 1540; Other coordination matters, 1541. THE UN AND OTHER
ORGANIZATIONS, 1542: Observer status, 1542; Participation in UN work, 1543. CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS, 1545: Committee on Conferences, 1545. UN INFORMA TION SYSTEMS, 1550. OTHER MA TTERS, 1551: Common services, 1551; UN premises and property, 1552; Security, 1556.
体制机制，1536：联合国大会，1539；安全理事会，1539；经济及社会理事会，1539。协调、监督与合作，1540：体制机制，1540；其他协调事项，1541。联合国和其他组织，1542：组织观察员地位，1542；参与联合国工作，1543。会议，1545：会议委员会，1545.联合国信息系统，1550。其他问题，1551：公共服务，1551；联合国地址和财产，1552，安全，1556。
李长栓《非文学翻译理论与实践》第2版翻译示例汇总 第16章原文错误的识别与翻译方法 16.1发现原文错误 1.At the beginning of1997macroeconomic indicators showed a decline in industrial output,retail trade and exports.All this led to the drop in GDP in that year by one-fifth of its value in1998(-19.3%).Thus,the FRY entered the last year of the20th century as one of the poorest countries in Europe. 【译文】1999年初，宏观经济指数表明，工业产出、零售和出口呈下降趋势，导致1999年国内总产值比1998年下降五分之一(负19.3%)，因此，南斯拉夫联盟共和国进入20世纪最后一年时，成为欧洲最贫困的国家。 【解析】原文说1997年GDP比1998年下降五分之一，又说1997年是20世纪最后一年，这显然不符合逻辑。最合理的猜测(也是唯一的可能)是作者笔误，把1999误为1997。经与审校协商，译文直接改正，没有报请有关部门更正原文。审校认为，这样改正是没有疑问，再者报告来自南斯拉夫国内，联合国文件控制部门的人也无法作出决定，再联系南斯拉夫国内十分麻烦，说不定是南斯拉夫翻译的错。 2.7bore62mm AK rifles 【译文】“口径为7.62mm的AK式步枪” 【解析】查字典发现bore与枪械有关的意思有“枪膛”、“口径”。那么，原文直译则为“7枪膛/口径62毫米步枪”,好像说不通。怀疑原文有问题。用关键词查Google发现这样的
联合国国际货物销售合同公约 （权威翻译） 编 辑 前 可 删 除 此 页 合同特点：内容简洁轮廓清晰（花费了太多时间） 收取一点点费用请不要介意
《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》 第一部分 第一章适用范围 第一条 （1）本公约适用于营业地在不同国家的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合同：（a）如果这些国家是缔约国；或 （b）如果国际私法规则导致适用某一缔约国的法律。 （2）当事人营业地在不同国家的事实，如果从合同或从订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时，当事人之间的任何交易或当事人透露的情报均看不出，应不予考虑。 （3）在确定本公约的适用时，当事人的国籍和当事人或合同的民事或商业性质，应不予考虑。 第二条 本公约不适用于以下的销售： （a）购供私人、家人或家庭使用的货物的销售，除非卖方在订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时不知道而且没有理由知道这些货物是购供任何这种使用； （b）经由拍卖的销售； （c）根据法律执行令状或其它令状的销售； （d）公债、股票、投资证券、流通票据或货币的销售； （e）船舶、船只、气垫船或飞机的销售； （f）电力的销售。 第三条 （1）供应尚待制造或生产的货物的合同应视为销售合同，除非订购货物的当事人保证供应这种制造或生产所需的大部分重要材料。 （2）本公约不适用于供应货物一方的绝大部分义务在于供应劳力或其它服务的合同。 第四条 本公约只适用于销售合同的订立和卖方和买方因此种合同而产生的权利和义务。特别是，本公约除非另有明文规定，与以下事项无关： （a）合同的效力，或其任何条款的效力，或任何惯例的效力； （b）合同对所售货物所有权可能产生的影响。 第五条 本公约不适用于卖方对于货物对任何人所造成的死亡或伤害的责任。 第六条
合同法律文件翻译用词特点之一———用词正规 傅伟良 (北京第二外国语学院英语系 北京 100024) 摘 要:本文就合同法律文件用词特征,着重探讨法律文件正规性问题。文中列举若干中英文原文条款的翻译实例,论述法律术语及专业词汇怎样在汉译英时起到译文与原文功能对等的效应。 关键词:法律术语 语内译 专业词汇 合同法律文件的翻译要求严谨,而翻译中的用词准确是达到这一要求的重要一步。无论是汉语还是英语在合同法律用语上都自成一格,有鲜明的用词特点。汉译英时须将译入语的用词定位于正规、精确、鲜明,使译文具有法律文件的严谨性、准确性、权威性。本文就合同法律文件翻译的用词正规问题谈两点看法。 一、正确运用法律术语 不论是汉语合同还是英语合同都有自己的法律术语。合同法律文件的汉译英就是要在充分理解原语(汉语)的法律术语的基础上,正确选择、使用译入语的法律术语。为保证译入语能精确地表达原语的含意,研究英语的法律术语、法律英语的用词特点就显得十分重要。 一部分法律英语的的专门术语常常以here-, there-,where-作前缀与另一个词构成一个正式法律词汇,如:hereafter,hereby,herein,hereinafter, hereinbefore,hereof,hereto,hereunder,hereupon, herewith,thereafter,thereby,therefrom,therein,there2 after,thereinbefore,thereon,thereof,thereupon,there2 with;whereas,whereby,wherein,whereon,etc.下面列举几个实例来解释汉译英时使用这些词的意义及用法: 例1:“合同生效后,当事人就质量、价款或者报酬、履行地点等内容没有约定或者约定不明确的,可以协议补充;......”(《中华人民共和国合同法》第61条)。 翻译此条款时,应从语内译入手,因该条款暗含一个条件句:“如果合同生效后,当事人就......约定不明确的,”其主句是“可以协议补充;......”因此可以译为: I f,after the contract made by and between the par2 ties becomes effective,there is no agreement therein on the terms and provisions regarding quality,price or remu2 neration and place of performance,etc.or such agree2 ment is unclear,the parties may,through consultation, agree upon supplementary terms and provisions; 译文there is no agreement后面用了therein,为agreement下了明确的界说,指agreement in the cont2 ract,因therein表示in that;in that particular context; in that respect之意,在此它指上文所指的范围。其它场合亦如此,比如“合同(中)的.......,工程(中)的......”时,就可以用此词,如“修补工程中的缺陷”可以译为the remedying of any defects therein,(therein指“in the W orks”),“用于工程中的材料或机械设备”可译为materials or plant for incor2 poration therein(therein指“in the W orks”)。 例2:“.......对方有异议的,可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构确认解除合同的效力。 法律、行政法规规定解除合同应当办理批准、登记等手续的,依照其规定。”(《中华人民共和国合同法》第96条) 英译文:......I f the other party disagrees there2 with,the party in question may request the people’s court or an arbitration institution to confirm rescission of the ef2 fectiveness of the contract. Where the laws or administrative regulations specify that the rescission of a contract shall g o through the for2 malities of approval and registration,the provisions there2 of shall be com plied with. 译文在the other party disagrees之后用了there2 with,表示“与此”、“与之”之意,即disagrees with 08
联合国 The United Nations was born out of the ashes of World War II and the failures of its predecessor, the League of Nations. At a conference in San Francisco in 1945, the organization’s charter was drawn up, seeking to foster a more peaceful world and promote and develop human rights. President Harry Truman told delegates there were many who doubted they could succeed because of their differences. But these differences were all forgotten in one unshakable unity of determination to find a way to end war. That October, the United Nations was officially established after 29 of its first 50 member states ratified the charter. Today, there are 193 member states. Michael Doyle, a former advisor to Secretary-General Kofi Annan, says the organization got off to a rocky start. During the Cold War, the split between the Soviet Union and the U.S. created an institution that was at loggerheads with itself. It could only work in the margins in peacekeeping, and those particular conflicts where the U.S. and Soviets wanted to take it off their own rivalry and let it work on the side. U.N. peacekeeping was born during this period. Growing from a couple thousand “blue helmets” addressing the Suez Crisis in 1956, to more than 100,000 soldiers and police today, peacekeepers protect civilians and aid workers in some of the world’s most dangerous trouble spots. un.jpg The U.N. also delivers humanitarian assistance to victims of war and disasters, and tries to prevent and resolve conflicts. More recently, it has taken on climate change and eradicating extreme poverty. The world is changing and the U.N. has to change and adapt with it. We cannot be static. Eight men have led the U.N. since 1945. Next year, a new secretary-general will be elected. Many say it is time for a woman. There also are calls for organizational reform, particularly in the Security Council, where five countries hold veto power.
企业的社会责任：一种趋势和运动， 但社会责任是什么，是为了什么？1 企业社会责任（CSR ）已成为一个全球趋势，涉及企业，国家，国际组织和民间社会组织。但这远远不能清楚CSR的主张，有什么真正的趋势，是从哪里开始，在哪里发展，谁是项目的主要行动者。如果把它作为一种社会运动，我们必须要问：什么运动和谁执行？讨论有助于我们反思形成的趋势和如何管理某些特点来迅速和广泛地在全球各地进行扩展，并增加了以下体制变革,特别是对变化中国家之间、企业法人和民间社会组织关系之间的界限的作用。 企业社会责任的趋势在三个方面：作为一个管理框架，新的要求，地方企业;作为动员企业行为，以协助国家的发展援助;和作为管理趋势。每一个这些画像表明，中心的某些行为，关系，驾驭团队和利益。我的例子表明，没有人对这些意见似乎比别人更准确，而是，活动包括规范的不同利益、作用因素、起源和轨迹。这些多重身份的趋势可以部分描述其成功以及它的争论，脆弱性和流动性。 许多公司现在有具体的计划和小节在其网站上处理企业社会责任。在过去，软条例和指导网络，国际公认的规则一直是一种重要机制，作用在公司、国家和国家间组织的需求，例如，发布指导方针和条例的公司。在这背景下，国际组织仍然是重要的行动者，他们正在寻求与跨国公司进行对话，而不是试图通过国家控制企业社会责任。各国际组织不是对企业的社会责任监管机构;而他们却是监管和自我约束的倡议之间的经纪人的最合适人选。对社会负责行为和监测这些行为的需求越来越多地以国家以外的这些组织为渠道，并强调赞成高比例的自律。因此，我们看到了软法律(Morth, 2004)的出现，或者是Knill 和Lehmkuhl (2002) 所说的“被规管的自律”，和Moran (2002)所归纳的“精细”或“非正式”规章。我更喜欢“软法律”和“软规章”的说法，因为他们并不总是非正式的。软规章常常包括正式报告和统筹程序。还有，从统筹和行政的观点来看，那些规章和精细还是相去甚远的。社会责任的措施和规章在公司和他们的利益相关者之间的对话中发展。 联合国全球契约是发展中的软规章框架的中心。它是自愿的，没有法律约束力的制裁。适用于没有遵守规章并被笼统制定的企业。它为理解条例提供许多余地，从而以适合它们自身情况和期待的某种方式，实现将规章转化为行动的改变。该倡议是建立在菜单上的书面原则基础上的国际宣言和协定的成员契约遵循。然而，契约本身并不是一个法律框架。此倡议依赖于承诺，信誉和能见度遵守，而不是对不符合原则的企业发出明确的制裁。全球契约从全球影响力和道德权威的联合国和增列角色创建社区发出的原则，增长其信誉。软规则，换言之，是嵌套在更广泛的监管范围（Jacobsson和萨赫林-安德森，2006年），更说明了一个事实，即目前还不清楚，结合这些条例以及在何种程度上可以预料，从而遵守或将保持疲软。
联合国文稿读译--砖块积累练习： 1. On this day, WHO joins others in celebrating women’s achievements. These achievements are inspiring, and they can inspire change. In health development, as in many other areas, women are agents of change. They are the driving force that creates better lives for families, communities and, increasingly, the countries they have been elected to govern. As I have learned from my discussions with parliaments in several countries, women are increasingly winning top leadership roles, in rich and poor countries alike, and this helps shape entire societies in broadly beneficial ways. Every time a women excels in a high-profile position, her achievement lifts the social status of women everywhere. To inspire change, all women need to be free to achieve their full potential. This means freedom from all forms of discrimination, freedom to pursue all opportunities, including education, freedom to earn and spend their own income, and freedom to follow the career paths they decide they want. The health sector can do much to free women by ensuring they have
Arafat ready for unconditional truce 阿拉法特期待无条件停战会谈Protests against war across world反战抗议遍及全球 Time Is Money, Just Figure Out How Much一寸光阴几寸金 Starts with S, Ends with Ex怎一个“性”字了得 Year of the Citi in China?花旗招展之年？ Record SAR admissions to mainland universities香港学生北上升学人数倍Four Killed and Five Hurt in a House Fire房屋起火，五伤四亡 Helping the Homeless to Help Themselves帮助无家可归者自强自立Pioneer colleges face axe. 一些实验学院面临砍削。 Irag gets OK to sell 1 6 billion in oil.伊拉克获准出售16亿美元的石油。Tourism up and violence off , Jamaica says.牙买加称:旅游业务增加,暴力事件减少。Canada to bill Russia加拿大将向俄罗斯索取赔款。 . Farm price marathon opens in Brussels 马拉松式的农产品价格会议在布鲁塞尔开幕。 A window into human trafficking in Texas 德州人口贩卖一揽 Israel to ask US for bombs in the fight against Iran以色列向美国索要炸弹轰炸伊朗 (the) High Court Rejects (the) Mining Plea.—高级法院驳回矿工的请求 2. (A) Cold and (A) Rainy day (is) expected. –预计将有寒冷雨天。 3. China Appoints (its) First Governor in World Bank.—中国任命第一位驻世界银行代表。 4. Tourist (is) Arrested for Espionage Charges.一游客涉嫌间谍活动被捕。
【翻译词汇】21世纪报热词（中英对照） safe haven 安全岛 sting operation “钓鱼”执法 nutritional assistance 粮食援助 pause for a minute’s silence 一分钟静默 uphill reelection campaign 艰难的连任竞选 narrow nationalism 狭隘的民族主义 morality bank 道德银行 tailor-made recruitment 萝卜招聘 Forbidden City Museum robber 故宫大盗 a scrap of paper 一张废纸 Hollywood-caliber 好莱坞水准 nuclear security 核安全 courtesy pledge 文明宣言 red warrant 红色通缉令 co-hiring 合乘 rubber-stamp 不假思索地批准 green job/environmentally friendly job 绿色工作 internal drivers of growth 内生增长 visit Taiwan individually 赴台个人游 second-degree murder 二级谋杀 keep close tabs on 密切关注 necessities of life 民生必需品 unreasonable charges 乱收费 military first 先军思想 serious discipline violations 严重违纪 contaminated capsules/chromium-contaminated capsules/capsules with excessive chromium contamination 毒胶囊 freeloading 吃空饷 turnaround 峰回路转 catch sb. off guard 让人措手不及 lean meat powder 瘦肉精 battleground states 摇摆州 be brought face to face 使当面对质 extort money from sb 敲诈勒索 an attempted plane hijacking 劫机未遂 settlement 和解 carrot and stick 软硬兼施 price cut 价格下调 national rejuvenation 民族复兴 drug ring 贩毒集团 provide some closure 有个了结
Dear Mr. Dujarric, Ladies and gentlemen, Good Morning! It's been two years since we took the project, UN document translation. This project is under the direct leadership of Professor Wang Labao, dean of the School of Foreign Languages, and Professor Wang Hong. Over the past two years, we have translated more than 150,000 words of UN documents and we, as translators, are proud to be able to get closer to UN and to let more people know what UN has done and is doing to make this world a better place for all human beings. However, the translation of UN documents is by no means an easy job. Each time when we translated a document, we put faithfulness, expressiveness, and appropriateness at the center of our attention and we spent a lot of time in revising and polishing our translations. “Good, better, best. Never let it rest. Until your good is better and your better is best.” This is the saying that Prof. Wang Hong always reminded us of. And we are very lucky to have him as our supervisor during the whole process of UN document translation. Cooperation and communication is the key to the success of UN document translation. It's a shared realization among us that this project is a whole and we must work as one. Thus, in the past two years, we made the best use of what we had to establish quick and easy communications and to share related resources. We had numerous heated discussions among us as to how to improve the quality of translation. And we learned quite a lot from our teachers and classmates. Translating UN documents is indeed a valuable experience for us. We see now a much clearer picture of how translation should be done and what responsibilities we should take in our future career. And more importantly, thanks to it, we have a better understanding of what we can do to make this world a better place. This is beautiful! And this will be with us in our future days! Thank you!
国际组织英文名称缩略词旭东翻译硕士考 研资料
国际组织英文名称缩略词 1. IMO International Maritime Organization 国际海事组织 2. IMCO Inter-governmental Maritime Consultative Organization政府间海事协商组织 3. WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization（世界知识产组织） 4. IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development 国际农业发展基金 5. IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency国际原子能机构 6. UN United Nations 联合国 7. UNCF United Nations Children's Fund 联合国儿童基金 8. GNP Gross national product国民生产总值 9. OECD Organization Economic Cooperation Development国际经济合作发展组织 10. ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations东南亚国家联盟 11. CPC Communist Party of China 中国共产党 12. OAU Organization of African Unity非洲统一组织 13. IDA International Development Association国际开发协会 14. ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization国际民航组织 15. UPU Universal Postal Union 万国邮政联盟
1.中国常驻联合国Permanent Representative of the United Nations 2.普林斯顿大学Princeton University 3.很荣幸It’s an honor to / I’m honored to / I’m privileged to 4.耳熟能详 a familiar name; 5.伍德罗·威尔逊Woodrow Wilson 6.爱因斯坦Albert Einstein 7. T.S.艾略特T.S. Eliot 8.杰出人物outstanding people / celebrities 9.周年anniversary 10.紧要关头pivotal moment 11.发挥了关键作用play a crucial role 12.相距万里be far apart 13.服装、日用品garments and daily items 14.增进了解gain a better / enhance understanding of 15.锦上添花make what is good still better
banquet；宴会 the Goodwill Delegation友好代表团 It is such a delight to meet friends coming afar.有朋自远方来不亦说乎 hereby;在此 Hubei Provincial Government;湖北省政府Governor Li李省长 hospitality热情mutual visit互访pave the way开辟道路 in closing最后
“所谓的比别人有天赋只不过是比别人勤奋，比别人对英文更感兴趣而已。” 联合国网：英文版 https://www.doczj.com/doc/f712718524.html,/en/ 和其对应的中文版 https://www.doczj.com/doc/f712718524.html,/zh/（很多考试选材都来自联合国官方重要文件。） 2. 国新办（基本上每场发布会都带交传的，可以学习其他译员的长处。） 3. catti官方论坛（打算考人事部翻译资格证的可以去逛逛，我碰巧过了笔译和口译的2级。） 4. 英文巴士：https://www.doczj.com/doc/f712718524.html,/ 强烈推荐（一个新兴的翻译站点，创办者为第四届优 萌杯竞赛获奖者，偏重文学翻译，汇集了不少背景资料和翻译赛事。） 5. 译言：https://www.doczj.com/doc/f712718524.html,/?from_com（大名鼎鼎，由三名在美国留学的清华毕业生创办，高水平的译者可与之签约。） 6. 林超伦·实战口译（对外经贸大校友，英国外交部首席中文翻译，网站上有在线模拟练习。） 7. 口译网：https://www.doczj.com/doc/f712718524.html,/（国内开办比较早，有一定知名度的口译站，不过，更新比较慢。） 8. 北外高翻院长李长栓教授的博客（有历年北外高翻试题提供哦。） 9. 周蕴仪的博客（李长栓教授的得意门生之一） 10. 双子同声传译工作室（同传译员梁潇方的个人网站，广外高翻毕业，有多年大型国际会议口译经验。） 11. 徐华飞的博客（此人上外毕业，很牛气，考了不少翻译证书，现为同传译员。） 12. 联译网（原来的https://www.doczj.com/doc/f712718524.html,网站。） 13. 北大译坛（北大翻译协会办的。） 14. ECO中文论坛（主要是经济方面的时文翻译，已举办两届比赛。） 15. 口译天下（其创办者 jackyhuang112 用一年时间考上了欧盟口译司，现在新加坡任职。） 16. UN Interpreters (联合国译员网，提供联合国的一些官方文件。） 17. Interpreter Training Resources （一些免费的口笔译技巧。） 18. 传译在线（资料还是比较丰富，但有些需要注册才能获取。） 同声传译姚斌 https://www.doczj.com/doc/f712718524.html,/ 陈建军 https://www.doczj.com/doc/f712718524.html,/professionaltranslator （北外高翻毕业）
经贸文章的翻译 内容分五部分：经贸文章的翻译标准；经贸文章翻译前的准备；翻译经贸报的基本方法；语境和逻辑；以及自己的翻译经验和体会。 一、经贸文章翻译的基本标准。 准确性。 经贸类文章对准确性有很高的要求，即使是细小的技术性错误，也会导致与原意有很大差距，经贸类翻译对准确性的要求很高。如：commercial lending 如果按照字面意思翻译就是“商业贷款”，而在商业习惯用于中却应当为“经常性贷款”，同样，operating expenses也不是“经营支出”而应当翻译成“经常性支出”等，类似的例子还有supporting reforms 配套改革counterpart funds配套资金financial supervision金融监管credit union;合作银行industrial bank;实业银行favorable balance;顺差adverse balance;逆差hard currency;硬通货以及soft currency;软通货等。 翻译经贸文章不可缺少的一个步骤就是审校，这点不必细说，经贸类文章一旦出错，后果可能是无法挽回的。 约定俗成性。 经贸文章中有许多固定称谓不能随意改变，否则容易破坏人们习惯上的理解，甚至造成严重分歧。如Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC)就不能译成“香港上海银行公司”，而应按照习惯译成“汇丰银行”，capital account不应译作“资本账户”，而应译成“资本项目”。以下是几个固定称谓的例子：National City Bank of New York;花旗银行mortgage loan 按揭贷款risks in 6 key areas 六大风险(美国联邦储备委员会所规定的一套标准)cash tree经济林pyramid sales传销withdrawal of currency from circulation货币回笼absorb idle fund吸收游资per capita人均per annum 年均，又如“第一产业”primary industry “第三产业”tertiary industry或service sector（而不是3rd industry）等。另外有些表达形式是适应西方思维习惯而特别确定的，如前几年常说的“亚洲四小龙”，用英语表达则应是“The Asian Four Tigers”或“Four Tigers in Asia”，因为在英语中龙是一
联合国的语言和翻译 联合国官方正式使用的语言只有6种，按英文字母顺序为阿拉伯语、汉语、英语、法语、俄语、西班牙语。6种语言同等有效，代表们发言时可以任意选用其中一种。秘书处日常使用的工作语言，则有英语和法语两种，实际上英语使用更广泛。 《联合国编辑手册》指出，英语档应以英式用法和牛津拼写为准，汉字应以简体中文为准。繁体中文在1971年中国代表权发生转移后（从中华民国到中华人民共和国）就已被取代。 凡是联合国的正式会议，代表们的发言都要在现场用阿、汉、英、法、俄、西6种语言“同声传译”。正式文件，包括重要发言，都要用6种文字印出，因而每次正式会议都必须安排6种语言的翻译，不得有任何疏漏。 为了完成繁重的翻译任务，联合国秘书处有一支庞大的翻译队伍，由会议事务部管辖。口译和笔译分开，两者加起来有470多人，分别由该部下属的口译与会议司和翻译司负责。 “联大”会堂和各个会议厅都配有同声传译。每个语种，都有一个称之为“箱子”的同声传译工作室。6种语言共有6个“箱子”。开会时，每个“箱子”里通常坐着3位译员，每位译员头上都戴有耳机倾听发言，轮流对着话筒翻译。会场内，每个座位上都装有6种同声传译机，代表们可以按旋纽选择自己想听的语言。 联合国秘书长 职责权限 联合国秘书长既是外交官又是代言人，既是公务员又是执行官，《联合国宪章》规定，联合国秘书长履行行政官的职务，以及安理会、联合国大会、经济社会理事会和其他联合国组织“所托付之其他职务”。宪章还规定秘书长有权力“将其所认为可能威胁国际和平及安全之任何事件，提请安全理事会注意”。这些纲领性的原则即明确规定了本职位的权力，又给予其极大的采取行动的自由。如果秘书长不关心成员国的利益，他就不称职。但是他必须要维护联合国的价值观念和道德权威，一言一行都要从和平的角度出发，为此甚至可以不惜经常得罪上述成员国。 秘书长要参加联合国各机构的会议，同世界领袖、政府官员和其他人员举行会谈，奔赴世界各地，使成员国的人们能清楚的了解联合国日程上值得国际关注的众多事情。每年，秘书长都要作联合国工作报告，评价联合国的工作，指出以后的工作重点。联合国秘书长同时又是行政协调委员会的主席。该委员会由联合国基金会、署及其他专门部门组成，每两年举行一次会议，在联合国体系面临的全部重要事宜和管理事务上谋求进一步的协调与合作。 联合国秘书长的最重要作用之一就是发挥他的“积极职能”，本着独立、公正、诚信的原则，公开或私下里采取措施，防止国际争端的产生、激化和传播。 每任秘书长在其任期中间都会根据当时的时代形势确定自己的工作重点。根据《联合国宪章》，联合国秘书长经安理会推荐由联合国大会任命。 历任联合国秘书长 （“n.”表示第n任） 0.格拉德温·杰布（英国） 于1945年至1946年在联合国初创阶段担任过代理秘书长。 1.特里格夫·赖伊（挪威，欧洲）1946年2月至1952年11月10日在任 （1896.7.16—1968.12.30在世） 1946年2月1日当选为联合国首任秘书长。1951年连任，后因支持联合国对朝鲜战争进行军事干涉，被迫于1952年11月10日辞去联合国秘书长职务。 2.达格·哈马舍尔德（瑞典，欧洲）1953年4月10日至1961年9月18日在任 （1905.7.29—1961.9.18在世）
联合国会议口译词汇 ABCC= Advisory Board on Compensation Claims 索偿事项咨询委员会Abolition of posts 员额裁撤 Absorb 匀支 absorption factor 承担系数 Accommodation units 办公室安排股 Account for 点清；查明 Accountability Panel 问责制专门小组 accounting conventions 会计惯例 Accounts Division 帐务司 accrual 应计制；权责发生制 ACPAQ = advisory committee on post adjustment questions 工作地
点差价调整数问题咨委会(调整数咨委会) Active missions 现有特派团 Additional estimates 追加概算 Administration of justice 司法行政 Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the UN PKO’s 联合国维持和平行动经费筹措的行政和预算问题 Administrative business processes 行政事务程序 advocacy 倡导 Age profile of the staff 年龄分布状况 Alignment of the NCE and G-P Exam 协调 Apportion 分摊 approving officer 核签人
Archiving 归档 Arrears 积欠会费 ASG for central support services 丹羽敏之 Associate expert 协理专家 Audit certificate 审计证书 Audited financial statement 审定财务报表 Auditor, visiting 巡回审计员 Award of contracts 订立; 决标 Back-office consolidation in the Common Services area 巩固共同事务领域办公室后台工作 Backstopping of PKO’s
潘基文连任联合国秘书长就职演说（中英对照） 美国当地时间2011年6月21日（北京时间6月22日），联合国大会通过决议，正式任命潘基文为下一任联合国秘书长，潘基文在宣誓仪式后，发表就职演说，以下为演说的全文，中文由口译网会员翻译： 联合国秘书长潘基文左手放在《联合国宪章》原件之上，举起右手庄严宣誓：“我，潘基文，庄严宣誓以绝对的忠诚、谨慎和良知，履行赋予我作为联合国秘书长的职责，唯以联合国的利益来履行这些职责并规范我的行为，在履行我的职责时不寻求或接受任何政府或本组织之外其他权力机构的指示。” UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's Remarks to the General Assembly After Being Elected for a Second Term New York, 21 June 2011 潘基文在获选连任联合国秘书长大会上的就职演说 2011年6月21日纽约，联合国大会 President of the General Assembly, Presidents of the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and the Trusteeship Council, Foreign Minister of the Republic of Korea, Vice Presidents of the General Assembly, Representatives of the Five Regional Groups, Permanent Representative of the United States, Excellencies, Distinguished guests, Ladies and gentlemen, 联合国大会主席， 安理会、经济及社会理事会、托管理事会各位主席，