By the time 用法详解
?by the time意为“到……时候（为止）”，是一个介词短语，在句中经常起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。它的主要用法如下：
? 1. 如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。例如：By the time he returned home，the rain had stopped.
?By the time I got to the station，the train had already gone。
? 2. 如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时/或现在完成时（表示将来），那么主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时，表示“截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成”。
By the time you get back，I shall have finished the work.
?By the time I graduate next year, I will have lived here for 5 years.
?By the time of next term , we will have learned 3000 words.
? 3. 如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，（主句是be的系表形式或者是表示像know, find, believe等表示认知的持续性动词，则往往用一般时态，不用完成时态。）此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when。例如：
?He was out of breath by the time he reached the top.
By the time the bus came，so many people were waiting that it was a free fight to get on it.
公共汽车来的时候，等车的人很多，成了一场挤车的混战。
?By the time he went abroad, he was fourteen.出国那年他14岁。
?By the time the war was over , death and suffering were to be seen everywhere.
?在战争结束的时候，到处可见死亡和饥饿。这里没有“死亡和饥饿”已经完成的意思，只是描述当时这个时间点的状况。所以用过去时。
?巩固练习：
? 1. （2005天津卷）By the time Jane gets home，her aunt _____for London to attend a meeting.
A. will leave
B. leaves
? C. will have left D. left
? 2. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ___ cold.(2012四川卷)
? A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting
? 3. （2009北京卷）When I talked with my grandma on the phone，she sounded weak，but by the time we _____ up，her voice had been full of life.
A. were hanging
B. had hung
? C. hung D. would hang
? 4. ―Did you see Xiao Li at the party？
―No，_____by the time I arrived.
A. she’d left
B. she’s left
? C. she was left D. she must leave
5. By the time I saw the angry expression on his face，I_____ what I had to face.
A. knew
B. have known
? C. would know D. had known
6.（2008四川卷）The telephone_____，but by the time I got indoors，it stopped.
A. had rung
B. was ringing
C. rings
D. has rung
?7.（2008山东卷）By the time he realizes he _____into a trap，it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.
A. walks
B. walked
C. has walked
D. had walked
情态动词用法总结如下表
学法提炼
If they _________ to do this work, he might do it some other way.
A. were
B. should
C. will
D. can
2. I was told yesterday that the company _________ me to Rome next week for a business conference.
A. should have sent
B. were going to send
C. should be sending
D. should send
3. Let’s take a walk, ________?
A. will we
B. don't we
C. do we
D. shall
we
4. He was a good swimmer so he _________ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.
A. could
B. might
C. should
D. was able to
5. I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he ________ see me.
A. can
B. may
C. might
D. could
6. ---- _________ this book be yours? ---- No, it ________ not be mine. It ________ be his.
A. Can, must, may
B. May, might, must
C. Can, may, must
D. Must, can, may
7. ---- "We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday.”
---- “He _________ it.”
A. mustn't attend
B. can't have attended
C. would have not attended
D. needed have attended
8. They _________ the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.
A. can have missed
B. may have missed
C. can have lost
D. may have lost
9. Since the ground is white, it _________ last night.
A. had snowed
B. must have snowed
C. must be snowing
D. must have been snowing
10. You must be fifty, ________?
A. mustn't you
B. needn't you
C. aren't you
D. mayn't you
11. You must have seen him off yesterday, _________?
A. haven't you
B. didn't you
C. mustn't you
D. needn't you
12. ---- That must be a mistake.
---- No .it _________ be.
A. can't
B. isn't able to
C. can
D. was able to
13. He had known the matter before you told him, so you _________ have told it to him.
A. mustn't
B. can't
C. needn't
D. shouldn't
14. How ________ so?
A. dare you to say
B. dare you say
C. do you dare say
D. dare to say
15. You are their teacher. You _________ care of them.
A. should to take
B. might to take
C. ought to take
D. need to take
16. She is studying medical science now but she _________ a lawyer.
A. used to be
B. would be
C. were
Y ou return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can't
B. mustn't
C. needn't
D. may
not
2. I wish I________ to the moon one day.
A. can fly
B. an able to fly
C. could fly
D. was
able to fly
3. If my lawyer _______ here last Saturday, he _______ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented
B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent
D. were; would have prevented
4. If it________ for the snow, we _______ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed
B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed
D. had not been; could climb
5. Without electricity human life ______ quite difficult today.
A. is
B. will be
C. would have been
D.
would be
6. Jenny _______ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must
B. should
C. need
D.
would
7. W e _______ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied
B. might study
C. should have studied
D. would study
8. —Could I borrow your
dictionary?
—Yes, of course you ________ .
A. might
B. will
C. can
D.
should
9. —If he ________ , he ________ that food.
— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take
B. had been warned; would not have
taken
C. would be warned; had not taken
D. would have been warned; had not
taken
10. I told Sally how to get here, but in fact, I _______ her, for she had been here a short time before.
A. needn't tell
B. didn't need to tell
C. needn't have told
D. didn't need to have told
感官动词和使役动词 默认分类2010-05-28 23:14:26 阅读46 评论0 字号：大中小订阅 使役动词，比如let make have就是3个比较重要的 have sb to do 没有这个用法的 只有have sb doing.听凭某人做某事 have sb do 让某人做某事 have sth done 让某事被完成（就是让别人做） 另外： 使役动词 1.使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词,主要有make(使,令), let(让), help(帮助), have(叫)等。 2.使役动词后接受词,再接原形不定词作受词补语。 He made me laugh. 他使我发笑。 I let him go. 我让他走开。 I helped him repair the car. 我帮他修理汽车。 Please have him come here. 请叫他到这里来。 3.使役动词还可以接过去分词作受词补语。 I have my hair cut every month. 我每个月理发。 4.使役动词的被动语态的受词补语用不定词,不用原形不定词。 (主)He made me laugh. 他使我笑了。 (被)I was made to laugh by him. 我被他逗笑了。 使役动词有以下用法： a. have somebody do sth让某人去做某事 ??i had him arrange for a car. b. have somebody doing sth.让某人持续做某事。 ??he had us laughing all through lunch. 注意：用于否定名时，表示“允许” i won't have you running around in the house. 我不允许你在家里到处乱跑。 ******** 小议“使役动词”的用法 1. have sb do 让某人干某事 e.g:What would you have me do? have sb/sth doing 让某人或某事处于某种状态，听任 e.g: I won't have women working in our company. The two cheats had the light burning all night long. have sth done 让别人干某事，遭受到 e.g:you 'd better have your teeth pulled out. He had his pocket picked. notes: "done"这个动作不是主语发出来的。 2.make sb do sth 让某人干某事 e.g:They made me repeat the story. What makes the grass grow?
一．time的短语 from time to time 有时 on time 准时, in time 及时; all the time 始终,一直; at the same time 同时， ahead of time提前 at no time 绝不 some time一段时间 sometime“在某一时候”。可用来指过去或将来 sometimes (at times, from time to time) “有时，不时” at a time （a time） at one time （once）
at times ( sometimes) in no time （immediately）立刻,马上; have a good/nice time (enjoy oneself) “过的愉快 for the time being “暂时” Many a time/many times 多次 take one’s time从容 kill time消磨时间 【活学活用】选出与画线部分意思相同或相近的选项 1. Jim comes to visit us from time to time. That’s always the happiest time A.on time B. sometime C. at times D. some times
2．At no time _____study though _____ great progress. A. should we give up; we have made B. shouldn’t we give up; we have made C. we should give up; we have made D. we shouldn’t give up; have we made 3.---When shall we visit the Science Museum?” ---_________ next week.” A.Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Sometimes 答案：1. C2.A 3A 二．time相关从属连词高考常考点 1. every time / each time每次 Every time I call on him, he is out.
连词 连词是用来连接词与词、词组与词组、句子与句子，表示某种逻辑关系的虚词。连词可以表并列、承接、转折、因果、选择、假设、比较、让步、递进、条件、目的等关系。一般说来，连词有很多是由副词、介词发展而来的；很多副词、介词又是由动词发展而来。所以动词、介词、连词需要区别。 和 =跟、=与、=及、=同<方>。表示并列关系、联合关系。 车上装的是机器和材料。他的胳膊和大腿都受伤了。工人和农民都是国家的主人。工业与农业。批评与自我批评。我同你一起去。图书、仪器、标本及其他。（注意：用“及”连接的成分多在词义上有主次之分，主要成分放在“及”的前面） 以及 连接并列的词或词组（“以及”前面往往是主要的）：院子里种着大丽花、矢车菊、夹竹桃以及其他的花木。 既=既然 既来之，则安之。既然他不愿意，那就算了吧。既然知道做错了，就应该赶紧纠正。你既然一定要去，我也不便阻拦。既要做，就一定要做好。既然这样，还不去做？用在上半句话里，下半句话里往往用副词就、也、还跟他呼应，表示先提出前提，而后加以推论。 既然。。。就。。。既然。。。也。。。既然。。。还。。。 继而=既而 先是惊叹，既而大家一起欢呼起来。人们先是一惊，继而哄堂大笑。先是一个人领唱，继而全体跟着一起唱。表示紧随在某一情况或动作之后。 而 1、连接动词、形容词、词组、分句。 （1）连接语意相承的成分。伟大而艰巨的任务。战而胜之，取而代之，我们正从事一个伟大的事业，而伟大的事业必须有最广泛的群众的参加和支持。 （2）连接肯定和否定相互补充的成分：此种花香浓而不烈，清而不淡。马克思主义叫我们看问题不要从抽象的定义出发，而要从客观存在的事实出发。有转折的意思。 （3）连接语意相反的成分，表转折：如果能集中生产而不集中，就会影响改进技术、提高生产。 （4）连接事理上前后相因的成分：因困难而畏惧而退却而消极的人，不会有任何成就。 2、有“到”的意思。一而再，再而三。由秋而冬。由南而北。 3、把表示时间、方式、目的、原因、依据等的成分连接到动词上面。匆匆而过、挺身而出、为正义而战、因公而死、视情况而定、三十而立。 而且 表示更进一步，前面往往有“不但、不仅”跟它呼应：性情温和而且心地善良。他不仅会开汽车，而且会修汽车。不但战胜了各种灾害，而且获得了丰收。 因而=因此 表示结果。下游河床狭窄，因而河水容易泛滥。 因为 常跟所以连用，表示因果关系。因为今天事情多，所以没去成。 何况 用反问的语气表示更进一层的意思。这么多事情一个人一天做完是困难的，何况他又是新手。他在生人面前都不习惯讲话，何况要到大庭广众之中呢？（even）
初中阶段主要句型的用法 1. It's time to (for) .... 表“时间到了；该干…的时间了”之意。 It's time to go home. It's time for school. 注意：to的后面接动词短语，而for的后面接名词。 2. It's bad (good) for ... 表示“对…有害（有益）的”含义。 Please don't smoke. It's bad for your health. Please take more exercise. It's good for your health. 3. be late for (school) 是“上学（迟到）”之意。for后面还可以接meeting或class。He was late for school this morning. Don't be late for class, please. 4. had better do / not do sth. 表示“最好做/不做某事”之意。 You had better put on the coat when you go out. It's cold outside. We had better stop to have a rest. 注意：用had better时，后面一定要直接跟动词原形，决不能加to do sth. 否定一定用在第二个动词之前，是动词不定式的否定式。 5. be (feel) afraid of ... 表示“恐怕”，“害怕…”之意。 He is afraid of snakes. Mary feels afraid of going out alone. 6. enjoy doing sth. 是“喜欢（爱好）做某事”之意，doing是动名词作动词enjoy 的宾语。enjoy有欣赏之意。 Are you enjoy living in Beijing? Do you enjoy listening to music? 7. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来做某事 It's time for class. Stop talking, please. When she saw me, she stopped to talk with me. 8. Let (make) sb. do 让（使）某人做某事。 Let's go to school. Father made his son clean the room again. 注意：当make sb. do sth. 用于被动语态时，第二个动词前面就一定要加to 了。如： His son was made to clean the room again. he was made to work twelve hours a day in the past. 9. like to do / like doing sth. 是“喜欢做某事”之意。 like to do sth. 是表示比较具体的喜欢做某事；like doing sth. 是表示宠统的喜欢做某事。如： I like to swim in the swimming pool. 我喜欢在游泳池中游泳。（喜欢的具体的地方游泳） I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳（只讲喜欢这项运动） 10. ask (tell) sb. to do. (not to do) sth. 请（让）某人（不）做某事 Jim asked his mother to help him with his lessons. When did you tell him not to shout loudly?
感官动词 1.see, hear, listen to, watch, notice等词，后接宾语，再接省略to的动词不定式或ing形式。前者表全过程，后者表正在进行。句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。 注释:省略to的动词不定式--to do是动词不定式，省略了to,剩下do，其形式和动词原形是一样的，但说法不同。 see sb do sth 看到某人做了某事 see sb doing sth 看到某人在做某事 hear sb do sth 听到某人做了某事 hear sb doing sth 听到某人在做某事 以此类推... I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. (我入睡时有人正敲门,强调当时正在敲门) I heard someone knock at the door three times. (听到有人敲门的全过程) I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school. (此处有频率词often) （了解）若以上词用于被动语态，须将省略的to还原： see sb do sth----sb be seen to do sth hear sb do sth----sb be seen to do sth 以此类推... We saw him go into the restaurant. → He was seen to go into the restaurant. I hear the boy cry every day. → The boy is heard to cry every day. 2.感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel可当系动词，后接形容词。 He looks angry. His explanation sounds reasonable. The cakes smell nice.
and的用法及含义 And是英语中一个普通的连词，然而and并非只作并列连词用，它还具有一些不太常见的表达方式和意义，应根据上下文的特殊环境，作出判断才能准确理解其用法和意思。 1．and作并列连词，译为“和、并且”等，当连接三个以上的并列成分时，它放在最后一个成分之前，其余用逗号分开，例如： He bought a book and a pen．他买了一本书和一支笔。 Solid，liquid and gas are the three states of matter．固态、液态和气态是物质的三种状态。 2．名词+and+名词，若这种结构表示一个概念时，and+名词相当于介词with+名词，译为“附带、兼”的意思，例如： Noodle and egg is a kind of delicious food．（and egg=with egg）鸡蛋面是一种美味食物。 Whose is this watch and chain？（and chain＝with chain）这块带表链的手表是谁的？ 3．名词复数+and+同一名词的复数，强调连续或众多的含义。例如： There are photos and photos．照片一张接着一张。 They saw film hours and hours last week．上星期他们一小时接一小时地看电影。 4．形容词+and+形容词，这种结构形似并列，实际并非并列结构。例如： This roon is nice and warm（＝nicely warm）． The coffee is nice and hot（=thoroughly hot）． 5．用and连接动词的用法：and+动词作目的状语。动词go（come，stop等）＋and+动词，此时，and+动词相当于in order to+动词，例如： ①I'll go and bring back your boots，（go and bring back=go in order to bringback）我去把你的靴子拿来。 ②and+动词，起现在分词的作用，表示方式或伴随情况。例如： He sat and waited．（and waited=waiting）他坐着等。 ③and+同一动词表示动作长时间地“继续”或“重复”，例如：
期末复习提纲（十） Un it 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left. 重点词组与句型： 1. take a shower 2.get in the shower 3.get up 4.get outside 5.get to school 6.1 eave sth.+ 地点 7.get back to sp. 8.start teach ing 9.wake up late 10.be late for 11.go off 12.wait for https://www.doczj.com/doc/638901846.html,e out 14.have some breakfast 15.run off 16.get there 17.on time https://www.doczj.com/doc/638901846.html,e by 19.give sb. a ride 20.bri ng sth. to sp. 21.break dow n 22.show up 23. get dressed 24.stay up all night 25. invite sb. to do sth. / invite sb. to sp. 26. by the time 27.happa n to sb. 28. a costume party 29.thousa nds of 30.h un dreds of * (31.flee from sp. 32. April Fool ' s DOyB.stop doing sth. 34.as …as one can 35. fool sb. 36.ask sb. to do sth. 37.both…and 38.an hour later 39. get married 40.play a joke on sb) 40. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotte n in the shower. 41. By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom. 42. By the time she went outside, the bus had already gone. 43. By the time she got to class, the teacher had already started teach ing. 44. Whe n she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home. 45. By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung. 46. My alarm clock didn ' t go off. 47.1 took a quick shower, and had some breakfast, and the n ran off to the bus stop. * (48.Have you ever forgotte n to bring your homework to school? 49.Wells was so convincing that hun dreds of people believed the story. 50.She was thrilled, because she wan ted to get married. 语法： 过去完成时。 练习： 一、根据句子意思和所给首字母提示，用适当单词完成句子。 1. Bad luck. I missed the early bus because I o ______ this morni ng. 2. Perhaps he ' ll dress himself up as a clown in the c _________ party. 3. You must be e ________ a fter swimmi ng for along time. Come and have a rest.
英语中感官动词的用法 一、感官动词 1、感官动词(及物动词)有：see/notice/look at/watch/observe/listen to/hear/feel(Vt)/taste(Vt)/smell(Vt) 2、连缀动词(含感官不及物动词) be/get/become/feel/look/sound/smell/taste/keep/stay/seem/ appear/grow/turn/prove/remain/go/run 二、具体用法： 1、see, hear, smell, taste, feel,这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为"看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……"。除look之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。 例如：These flowers smell very sweet.这些花闻起来很香。 The tomatoes feel very soft.这些西红柿摸起来很软。 2、这些动词后面也可接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。 例如：Her idea sounds like fun.她的主意听起来很有趣。 3、这五个感官动词也可作实义动词,除look(当"看起来……"讲时)只能作不及物动词外,其余四个既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词,此时作为实义动词讲时其主语一般为人。 例如:She smelt the meat.她闻了闻那块肉。 I felt in my pocket for cigarettes.我用手在口袋里摸香烟。 4、taste, smell作不及物动词时,可用于"t aste / smell + of +名词"结构,意为"有……味道/气味"。 例如:The air in the room smells of earth.房间里的空气有股泥土味。 5、它们(sound除外)可以直接作名词,与have或take构成短语。 例如：May I have a taste of the mooncakes?我可以尝一口这月饼吗？taste有品位、味道的意思。 例如：I don’t like the taste of the garlic.我不喜欢大蒜的味道。 She dresses in poor taste.她穿着没有品位。 look有外观，特色的意思，例：The place has a European look.此地具有欧洲特色。 feel有感觉，感受的意思，watch有手表，观察的意思。例：My watch is expensive.我的手表很贵。 6、其中look, sound, feel还能构成"look / sound / feel + as if +从句"结构，意为"看起来/听起来/感觉好像……"。 例如：It looks as if our class is going to win.看来我们班好像要获胜了。 7、感官动词+do与+doing的区别： see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性。 I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"
1.感官动词用法之一：see, hear, listen to, watch, notice等词，后接宾语，再接动词原形或ing形式。前者表全过程，后者表正在进行。句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。 I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. (我入睡时有人正敲门) I heard someone knock at the door three times. (听的是全过程) I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school.(此处有频率词often) 若以上词用于被动语态，后面原有动词原形改为带to不定式： We saw him go into the restaurant. →He was seen to go into the restaurant. I hear the boy cry every day. →The boy is heard to cry every day. 2.感官动词用法之二：look, sound, smell, taste, feel可当系动词，后接形容词： He looks angry. It sounds good. The flowers smell beautiful. The sweets taste sweet. The silk feels soft. I felt tired. They all looked tired. 这些动词都不用于被动语态。如：The sweets are tasted sweet.是个病句。注意：如果加介词like,则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词：
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总结： 1. for the first time 介词短语，作状语， 时态灵活。 2. the first time 用作连词，引导状语从句。 3. It’s the first time that sb have / has done.从句用 完成时态。 第一种用法：for the first time 介词短语，作状语，时态灵 活，例句。 1. I drank beer for the first time. （一般过去时） 2. We met for the first time. 3. He told a lie for the first time. 4.The two girl students talked for the first time at the beginning of the term． 5. People who go to a formal Western dinner party for the first time may be surprised by table manners in Western culture. （一般现在时） 6. I'm in Shanghai for the first time. 7. He is singing in public for the first time. (现在进行时) 1
8. For the first time I am looking in your eyes. 9. For the first time I'm seeing who you are. 10. Joe is an American who has come to Britain for the first time. (现 在完成时) 11. As if he has discovered something for the first time. 第二种用法：the first time 用作连词，引导状语从句，例句。 1. The first time he told a lie, he felt quite nervous. 2. I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. 3. The first time I drank beer, I fell in love with it. 4. The first time I met her, she left a deep impression on me. 5. I knew we would be good friends the first time I met him． 第三种用法：It’s the first time that sb have / has done sth. 例句。 1.It’s the first time that he has been in Shanghai. 2.It’s the first time that he has cheated in the exam. 3.It’s the first time that we have met such kind of people. 2
初中英语语法的八种时态的具体用法： 一般现在时表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。 ①一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意) ②表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) ③表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车) ④在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) ⑤一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。 ⑥一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.
感官动词的概念和相关考点 1、什么是感官动词？ 听觉：listen to、hear 视觉：look at、seem、watch 嗅觉：smell 触觉：feel、touch 味觉：taste 2、感官动词如何正确使用？ Tom drove his car away. →I saw him drive away. (全过程) 用法一：somebody did sth + I saw this I saw somebody do something. Tom was waiting for the bus. →I saw Tom waiting for the bus. (看不到全过程) 用法二：somebody was doing sth + I saw this I saw somebody doing something 练习： 一、句子翻译 1. I didn,t hear you come in. 2. I suddenly felt sth touch me on the shoulder. 3. I could hear it raining. 4. Listen to the birds singing. 5. Can you smell sth burning? 6. I found Sue in my room reading my letters. 二、灵活运用 1. I saw Ann waiting for the bus. 2. I saw Dave and Helen playing tenins. 3. I saw Clair having her meal. 三、选择最佳选项 1. Did anybody see the accident (happen/happening)? 2. We listen to the old man (tell/telling) his story from beginning to the end. 3. Listen! Can you hear a baby (cry/crying)? 4.—Why did you turn around suddenly? — I heard someone (call/calling) my name. 5. We watched the two men (open/opening) a window and (climb/climbing) through it into house. 6. When we got there, we found our cat (sleep/sleeping) on the table. 四、感官动词的被动语态 Oh，the milk is tasted strange.
It's time…用法归纳 It's time…句型是中学英语里使用频率较高的句型，其意为“该是……的时候了”。用法灵活多变，也是大家以掌握的句型。现就其有关句式归纳如下： ⑴ It's time for + n.“该是（干）……的时候了。”例： Boys and girl, It's time for class. 同学们，该上课了。 ⑵ It's time + (for sb.) to do sth. .表示“该是（某人）干……的时候了。”例： It's time for you to clean the classroom. 该是你打扫教室的时候了。 It's time to go to school. 该去上学了。 ⑶ It's time + that clause 时，that可省略，time可由high,about修饰，从句中的谓语动词有两种形式，或者用动词的过去式(be用were)；或者用shoud + 动词原形（should不能省略)。此句型为虚拟语气句型，表示“现在某人该做某事了”。含有该事早该去做而未做，现在去做似乎都为时已晚的意思。例： It's time （that）we went to bed. 我们该去睡觉了。 It's high time that the article were published. 发表这篇文章是适时的。 It's time you should do cleaning. 你该去打扫卫生了。 4) It's + the+序数词+ time+ that clause.也表示某人第几次做某事。例： It is my first time that I've even written letters. 这是我第一次用写信。
“之”的意义和用法 在古代汉语中，“之”字可作实词，也可作虚词，在不同的语境里有不同的意义和用法，同学们在备考时应引起重视。 一、“之”作实词 1、“之”作动词 这时，“之”的意思是“到……去”“往”“到”“至”。 例1 奚以之九万里而南为?(《逍遥游》) 例2项伯乃夜驰之沛公军。(《鸿门宴》) 例3辍耕之垄上。(《陈涉世家》) 2、“之”作代词 “之”作动词的情况在古代汉语中不多见，作代词相对常见一些。“之”作代词时，一般用作宾语，代人、事、处所，所代的对象大多出现在上下文中。作代词时，“之”又分为指示代词和人称代词。 (1)“之”作人称代词，可译为“他(们)”“她(们)”“它(们)”，用作宾语。 例4君为我呼入，吾得兄事之。(《鸿门宴》)
例5生乎吾前，其闻道也固先乎吾，吾从而师之。(《师说》) 例6虽有(通“又”)槁暴，不复挺者，鞣使之然也。(《劝学》) 例7是何异于刺人而杀之，曰“非我也，兵也”?(《寡人之于国也》) 例8盖将自其变者而观之，则天地曾不能以一瞬。(《赤壁赋》) 从上面所举的几个例子我们可以发现，“之”作人称代词时，一般用在动词之后。 “之”所代的人称在上下文中不一定有具体交代，要根据语言环境进行判断，灵活翻译，如“人非生而知之者”中的“之”，其上下文都找不到先行词，它是泛指“知”的对象，即知识、道理等，可略而不译，也可根据上下文之意译为“知识”或“道理”。 (2)“之”作指示代词，译为“此”“这”“那里”“这样”“这个”等，此时，“之”可作定语，也可作宾语。 例9以故其后名之曰“褒禅”。(《游褒禅山记》) 例10由山以上五六里，有穴窈然，入之甚寒。(《游褒禅山记》) 例11均之二策，宁许以负秦曲。(《廉颇蔺相如列传》) 例12之二虫又何知!(《逍遥游》)
课题：Unit 6（Section A 1a-2c）主备人：吴兰英备课时间：上课时间： 一、明确目标 1. 能够掌握本节课出现的重点短语和句子。 2. 掌握部分不规则动词过去分词的拼写形式及过去完成时的用法。 二、自主学习 （一）新知探寻： 1. 通过预习，同学们能又快又准确写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词吗？ go _______ _______ leave _______ _______ get _______ _______ start _______ _______ ring _______ _______ give_______ _______ come ______ _______ take _______ _______ 2. 请同学们认真预习课文，从课文中找出这些重点短语。 （1）洗澡（淋浴）（2）到…时候为止 （3）起床（4）把…落在家里 （5）到了我起床的时候，我哥哥（弟弟）已经在洗澡（淋浴）了。 ________________________________________________________________ （6）当她到了学校的时候她才意识到我把她的书包落在家里了 ________________________________________________________________ （二）疑难困惑： 三、展示交流 1. 比一比赛一赛：各小组长提问其它小组成员课前准备的短语，看哪个小组完成得最棒！ 2. 1a 认真观察图片看看图片中的人在干什么，然后跟小组内的同学们讨论下你们早晨上学前都干些什么？你喜欢早晨吗？为什么？ 3. 1b 听录音然后把对话内容补充完整。并在小组内共同订正听力的答案。 4. 1c 两人一组根据图画的内容自己完成一组对话。 5. 2a & 2b Listen to the tape and finish 2a and 2b. 6. 小组长带领大家讨论一下听力的答案，并负责解答组内其他同学的疑问。 7. 2c 根据你的理解给2b部分的短文写一个结尾，看谁写的最好。 四、合作探究 小组合作，总结一下过去完成时态的结构、用法和标志词。然后组间交流，教师点拨。 五、达标拓展 （一）根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 我出去的时候公共汽车已经开走了。____ _____ ___I got outside, the bus____ already_______. 2. 她到达学校的时候，意识到把书包落在家里了。 _____ she got to school, she _____ she ____ ______ her backpack at home. 3. 我返回学校的时候，铃已经响了。 By the time I ____ ____ to school, the bell ______ _______. 教学后记：
我们学过了五个与人的感觉有关的动词，它们是look，sound，smel l，taste，feel，我们可称之为“感官”动词。它们的用法有着许多相同点，但也有不同之处，现就此作一小结。 一、这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为“看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……”。除loo k之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。例如：These flowers smell very sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。 The tomatoes feel very soft. 这些西红柿摸起来很软。 The music sounds beautiful. 二、这些动词后面也可接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。例如： Her idea sounds like fun. 她的主意听起来很有趣。 He looks like his father. 三、这五个感官动词也可作实义动词，除look（当“看起来……”讲时）只能作不及物动词外，其余四个既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，其主语通常是人。例如： She smelt the meat. 她闻了闻那块肉。
I felt in my pocket for cigarettes. 我用手在口袋里摸香烟。 He tasted the soup and added some salt. Miss Wang asked us to look at the blackboard. 四、taste，smell作不及物动词时，可用于“taste / smell + of + 名词”结构，意为“有……味道 / 气味”。例如： The air in the room smells of earth. 房间里的空气有股泥土味。 The bread taste of sugar. 五、它们（sound除外）可以直接作名词，与have或take构成短语。例如： May I have a taste of the mooncakes？我可以尝一口这月饼吗？ May I have a look at your photo? 六、其中look，sound，feel还能构成“look / sound / feel + as if +从句”结构，意为“看起来/听起来/ 感觉好像……”。例如：