精品文档
1. (2005 天津卷) By the time Jane gets home , her aunt ______ for London to attend
a meeti ng.
A. will leave
B. leaves
C. will have left
D. left
[解析]答案为C o从gets home可知Jane还未回到家,等到 Jane在将来的某个时
间回到家以前,她的aunt将已经赴伦敦参加一个会议去了,故用将来完成时。
2. ( 2008 四川卷)The telephone ___ ,but by the time I got in doors ,it stopped.
A. had rung
B. was ringing
C. rings
D. has rung
[解析]答案为B o进门之前电话铃一直在响,但当我进门的时候,它停止了。but 前面分句的动作是先发生的,而且延续的时间较长,故用was ringing 。
3. (2008 山东卷) By the time he realizes he ______ i nto a trap , it 'l be too late for him to do any thi ng about it.
A. walks
B. walked
C. has walked
D. had walked
[解析]答案为C o主句用了一般将来时,根据时态一致原则排除B和D o根据句意
截止到他意识到的时候,他已经走进了一个陷阱”可知,空档最好填现在完成时。
4. (2009 北京卷) When I talked with mygrandma on the phone, she sounded weak,
but by the time we ___ up , her voice had bee n full of life.
A. were hanging
B. had hung
C. hung
D. would hang
[解析]答案为C o当我与祖母通电话时,她听起来很虚弱,但是当我们挂断电话的
时候,她的声音已经充满活力。by the time 后的主句用了过去完成时,因此空档处最好
用一般过去时。
5. (2011 辽宁卷) By the time Jack returned homefrom England , his son _______ from college.
A. graduated
B. has graduated
C. had bee n
D. had graduated
[解析]答案为Dt截止到Jack从英国返家,他的儿子已经大学毕业了。回家用了
一般过去时,大学毕业发生在过去的过去,故用过去完成时。
by the time 意为到..... 时候(为止)”是一个介词短语,在句中经常起连词作用,
引导时间状语从句。它的主要用法如下:
1. 如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时,那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时,
表示截止到从句动作发生时,主句动作已经完成,即过去的过去”例如:
By the time he was fourteen years old , Einstein had learned advaneed mathematics all by himself. 到14岁的时候,爱因斯坦就已经自学完了高等数学。
By the time he returned home , the rain had stopped. 等他回至U家时,雨已经停了。
2. 如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时(表示将来),那么主句中的谓语动词常为将来
完成时,表示截止到将来某一时间为止,主句动作将已经完成”例如:
By the time John finishes his homework, his classmates shall have left to play football. 到约翰做完作业时,她的同学将已离开去伦踢足球了。
By the time you get back , I shall have fi nished the work. 到你回来时,我将
已经把活做完了。
3. 如果主句动作不强调已经完成,只是说明过去某个时候的状况,此时主句不用完成
时,而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态,此时by the time 相当于when。例如:He was out of breath by the time he reached the top. 登上顶端时,他气喘吁吁。
By the time the bus came, so many people were waiting that it was a free fight 公共汽车来的时候,等车的人很多,成了一场挤车的混战。
to get on it.