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情绪表达之负面情绪（独立主格和with复合结构）1.Gone was his bright smile. 他灿烂的笑容消失了。
Gone were the days when he had worn a broad smile.2.Her disappointment was mingled with frustration. 他既失望又沮丧。
Clouds of despair enveloping her disappeared.3.Mind blank / with a sinking heart, she made her way to the bus stop.她头脑一片空白/ 她心情沉重，她走向公交站。
Weighed down by sadness, she dragged herself forward to the bus stop.4.I was on the point of giving up the search when something caught my eye in the bushes.我正要放弃搜索，这时注意到灌木从中有什么东西。
I was combing the bushes with caution when something sparkling arrested me.5.Heart knotted with guilt, he lowered his head and admitted his fault.满怀愧疚，他低下了头承认了自己的过错。
Overwhelmed by a sense of guilt, he ducked his head and acknowledged hie fault.6.I held the hard-earned money tightly, a ripple of excitement surging through me.我紧握着辛苦挣来的钱，心中涌动着兴奋。
2019-2020年高三英语《with复合结构与独立主格结构》标准教案with结构的构成: With/without +n/pron+ (...)1. With/without +n/pron+adj；2. With/without +n/pron+adv；3. With/without +n/pron+prep.p；4. With/without +n/pron+ to do；5. With/without +n/pron+doing/done。
with结构的作用：作状语eg1. She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold. (伴随状语)2. With the meal over, we all went home. (时间状语)3. The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
(伴随状语)4.The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. (伴随状语)5. She fell asleep with the light burning. (伴随状语)6. Without anything left in the cupboard， shewent out to get something to eat. (原因状语)NOTES:With+作定语。
1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.2.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.with结构的特点1. With/without +n/pron+ (...)(语法上) With/without +O+O补(逻辑上) With/without +n/pron(S逻)+adj(V逻)With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.→（He was taken good care of.）She fell asleep with the light burning. →（The light was burning.） With her hair gone，there could be no use for them. →（Her hair was gone.）2. With/without +pron(宾格)+(...)He could not finish it without me to help him.几点说明：1. With结构的位置(1)with 结构在句中作状语，表示时间/条件/原因时一般放在句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开；(2)表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面，不用逗号分开;(3)若with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，一般不用逗号隔开。
独立主格结构和with / without复合结构1.概念:独立主格结构不是一个独立的句子，有逗号，在句中充当状语、可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。
2.结构: 名词/代词+ 非谓语（doing & todo & done 形容词&副词介词短语Taking your age into consideration, y ou’d better not go hiking.Your age taken into consideration, you’d better not go hik ing.(Ⅰ) 名词/代词+分词(过去分词done & 现在分词doing当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。
一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。
1.________________, they left the meeting– room.（问题解决了）（settle）2.____________ , we`ll go there on foot.(时间允许的话)(permit)3.He was lying on the grass, __________________________(他的手交叉在手下) (cross)(Ⅱ)名词/代词+ (being) 形容词1._________________, he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了)2. He entered the house, ___________________（red）(他的鼻子冻得通红)(Ⅲ)名词／代词＋（being) 副词He put on his socks，_____________.（反的一面在外面）(out(Ⅳ)名词／代词＋不定式1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. (2005湖南)A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed2.__________________________ (最后一个人的到来)，our party will start.（arrive）（Ⅴ）名词／代词＋介词短语在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯不用冠词。
独立主格结构用法归纳The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home.Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tom orrow.An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given t omorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were c rossed under his head).A hunter came in, his face red with cold (=and his face was red with cold).We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
英语独立主格结构常见类型独立主格类型1：名词（代词）+现在分词The question settled, we went home.问题解决之后，我们就回家了。
We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting.明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。
The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off.班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。
with独立主格结构是英语的一种重要的句法现象，在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。
多年来也一直是命题的热点、重点，因此应该引起我们的高度重视。
众所周知，with 引导的独立主格结构非常活跃，虽然它在句子中只作状语，但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。
现将with引导的独立主格结构加以小结。
一、句法结构【结构一】with ＋名词(代词)＋介词短语【例句】He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand. 他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。
The old man stood there, with his back against the wall. 那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。
Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。
【结构二】with ＋名词(代词)＋形容词【例句】He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open. 他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery. 这人抬起头来，眼里充满了好奇。
He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold. 他站在那儿瑟瑟发抖，脸都冻红了。
【结构三】with ＋名词(代词)＋副词【例句】With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. 产量上升了60%, 公司又是一个好年景。
The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on. 这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。
With 的复合宾语结构及分词的独立主格结构with 的复合宾语结构是高考的一个重点；分词的独立主格结构不是句子，因为没有实际的主语和谓语，该结构放在句首或句尾。
两者的语法功能和结构是相同的。
即两者在句中作状语，独立主格结构前加with 就构成了with的复合宾语结构。
㈠with 的复合宾语结构1.With+名词或代词+v-ingWith the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. <伴随状语>=While____________________________________________________.With Peter working in Birmingham and Lucy travelling most of the week, the house seems pretty empty. <原因状语>=Because _________________________________________________.With time going on, our life is becoming more beautiful. <时间状语>= As______________________________________________________.※with后名词或代词与后面动词存在逻辑上主谓关系，即主动关系。
2. With+名词或代词+v-edWith the decision made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.=After ___________________________________________________.With the job finished, we went home straight away.=Because___________________________________________________.With more time given, I’ll explain this item in detail.=If _______________________________________________________.※with后名词或代词与后面动词存在逻辑上动宾关系，即被动关系。
1 独立主格（一）：独立主格结构的构成：名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词(代词)+形容词；名词(代词)+副词；名词(代词)+不定式；名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
（二）独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例：The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.工作完成后，我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆2 With的复合结构作独立主格表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语举例: He stood there, his hand raised.= He stood there, with his hand raise.典型例题The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
中考英语《句型结构》知识点：With的复合结构作独立主格在句子中，With可以引导复合结构作为独立主格来描述动作进行的方式、原因、伴随状态等情况。
下面是一些常见的使用With复合结构作独立主格的句型结构：1. With + 名词短语：用于描述动作进行的方式或条件。
例如：- With a smile, he greeted everyone in the room. （带着微笑，他向房间里的每个人问好。
）- With a lot of practice, you will improve your English. （通过大量的练习，你会提高英语水平。
）2. With + 动词的ing形式：用于描述动作进行时的伴随状态或条件。
例如：- With the baby crying, it was hard to concentrate. （宝宝在哭，很难集中注意力。
）- With the team working together, they completed the project on time. （团队一起努力，他们按时完成了项目。
）3. With + 副词/介词短语/从句：用于描述动作进行的原因或条件。
例如：- With the weather being so hot, we decided to go swimming. （由于天气太热，我们决定去游泳。
）- With the price of gas rising, many people are using public transportation. （由于汽油价格上涨，很多人使用公共交通工具。
）需要注意的是，With的复合结构作独立主格时，常与主谓语动词形成非限制性定语从句的关系，可以省略关系代词或并列连词(如that, which, and)。
希望以上内容对你有所帮助！。
with的独立主格结构With的独立主格结构（with的复合结构或介词结构）是英语句子中常见的一种语法结构，用来表示其中一种条件、伴随状态、方式等。
该结构由介词with引导，后面接名词短语、代词或动名词短语作宾语，宾语与句子的主语分开放置，构成独立的主格结构。
下面将详细介绍该结构的用法和示例。
1.表示伴随状态：With的独立主格结构可以用来表示其中一种伴随状态，即在主语动作进行的同时，还有其他状态、条件或伴随动作存在。
例如：- With a smile on her face, she greeted the guests at the door.（她面带微笑地迎接客人在门口。
）在她迎接客人的同时，她面带微笑。
- With his hands trembling, he signed his name on the documents.（他颤抖着的手，在文件上签了名。
）在他签字的时候，他的手在颤抖。
2.表示条件或原因：With的独立主格结构也可以表示其中一种条件或原因，即主语动作的发生与其中一种条件或原因有关。
例如：因为他付出了很大的努力，所以他及时完成了这个项目。
- With the support of his family, he overcame all the challenges.（在家人的支持下，他克服了所有的困难。
）因为有家人的支持，所以他克服了所有的困难。
3.表示方式或手段：With的独立主格结构还可以表示其中一种方式或手段，即主语动作的实施方式或借助其中一种手段。
例如：- With a brush in his hand, he painted the beautiful scenery on the canvas.（手里拿着画笔，他在画布上画了美丽的风景。
）他手里拿着画笔，用它画了美丽的风景。
- With a clear voice, she sang the song in front of a large audience.（她用清晰的声音，在大观众面前演唱了这首歌。
1．With引导的独立主格结构：with+n./pron.+现在分词（过去分词、介词短语、不定式、形容词等）：其中的名词/代词就是该独立结构的主语。
而当with+n./pron.+现在分词（过去分词）时，with可省略。
这种结构一般表示伴随状态。
如She was knitting, with the television on.
这种结构可以在句首，也可以在句尾。
用逗号和主句隔开。
这种情况下，是不需要考虑逻辑主语的，with后面的名词或代词就是逻辑主语。
即使要考虑：with独立主格，充当伴随状语，一般修饰主句主语或者谓语动词
3．作状语：With＋n.，句子：这时，要考虑逻辑主语和主句主语一致。
4．作状语：主语，with＋n，谓语＋宾语：这种情况with修饰主语，没有歧义，OG中的两个都是正确的使用。
5．作状语：主谓宾，with＋n: 这里with修饰宾语。
谨慎使用，因为很容易引起歧义，即with介词短语可以修饰宾语也可以修饰主语，
2．作定语：With紧跟在名词（中心词）后面，作定语修饰，一般没有逗号隔开，作限制性修饰。
（如果有逗号隔开，应该优先考虑With介词短语作状语修饰，如果没有逗号隔开，应该优先考虑With介词短语作定语修饰前面临近的名词（中心词））
限制性非限制性区别：限制性修饰成分（具有某某属性的东东，隐含的意思是：没有此某某属性的就不是这个东东），非限制性修饰成分（某东东，此东东有某某属性）。
6．作定语：主谓宾＋with短语: 此时要注意with修饰可能有歧义，with可能修饰主语或宾语。
"with"的独立主格结构是一种特殊的语法结构，用于表达伴随、条件或方式等关系。
它由介词"with" + 名词或代词构成，作为句子中的独立成分，与主句的主语和谓语动词没有直接的句法关系。
下面是一些常见的使用示例：
伴随关系：
With her parents away, she had to take care of the house.
(在父母不在家的情况下，她不得不照顾房子。
)
With a smile on his face, he greeted everyone at the party.
(脸上带着微笑，他向聚会上的每个人打招呼。
)
条件关系：
With good weather, we can go for a picnic.
(如果天气好的话，我们可以去野餐。
)
With your help, we can finish the project on time.
(有你的帮助，我们可以按时完成这个项目。
)
方式关系：
She completed the task with great enthusiasm.
(她充满热情地完成了任务。
)
He sang the song with a beautiful voice.
(他以悦耳的声音唱了这首歌。
)
需要注意的是，"with"的独立主格结构常常用于正式的写作或口语表达中，以增强句子的表达力和多样性。
在使用时，要注意句子的语法结构和上下文的逻辑关系，确保句子的准确性和连贯性。
7. 常见with+复合宾语有下列几种形式：1）with＋名词／代词＋形容词It is not good manners to speak with your mouth full.满嘴食物去说话是不礼貌的。
2）with＋名词／代词＋副词The city looks more beautiful with all the lights on. 所有的灯亮起来，这座城市看起来更漂亮了。
3）with＋名词／代词＋介词短语The woman with a baby on her back lives downstairs.这个背着婴儿的妇女住在楼下。
4）with＋名词／代词＋不定式，不定式表示主动、将来的动作。
With you to help us, we are sure to finish the work on time. 有你来帮忙，我们会按时完成任务的。
With so much work to do, we can’t kill any time by playing cards.有这么多工作要做，我们没有时间打扑克。
5）with＋名词／代词＋-ing形式，-ing形式表示主动或动作正在进行。
With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village. 由一个男孩带路，他们朝那个村子走去。
6）with＋名词／代词＋过去分词，过去分词表示被动或动作已经完成。
With the problems settled, we all felt very happy.问题解决了，我们都感到很高兴。
7）with＋名词／代词＋名词China is a great country, with its capital Beijing.中国是一个伟大的国家，首都是北京。
第三节“阴魂不散的骨灰极”两大结构之——with结构与独立主格结构为什么说是“阴魂不散”主要是说这两大结构在书面英语中你会经常遇到，经常感到难以理解。
with的独立主格结构用法
with的独立主格结构，在语法中指的是由独立的with引导的一个包含名词或代词的结构，其在句子中起到状语的作用，表示与主句的主语有关的补充信息。
常见的结构为：with + 名词/代词 + 分词。
例如：
With his hands shaking, he signed the contract.（他双手颤抖着，签署了合同。
）
With a smile on her face, she walked into the room.（她面带微笑地走进了房间。
）
With the sun shining brightly, we had a wonderful picnic.（阳光明媚，我们度过了一个美好的野餐。
）
需要注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间需要用逗号分隔开，且其本身是一个完整的句子，不受主句语态和时态的影响。
学习必备 欢迎下载 1、 As is known to all, Montreal is the second largest French-speaking city in the world, ____. A. Paris is the largest B. Paris being the largest C. Paris to be the largest D. Paris be the largest 2、______ nobody else at hand, I had to carry the heavy box to the eighth floor by myself. A. It having B. It has C. There was D. There being 3、_____ no further business, the chairman closed the meeting． A．It was B．It having C．There being D．There was 4、Della had only one dollar and eighty – seven cents Jim, her Husband, a Christmas present. A．to buy B．which to buy C．for him to buy D．with which to buy 5、The students in our school expected ______ more time for reviews and exercises before the College Entrance Examination next year.
A. there being B. there has C. there had D. there to be 6、He always dreams of a chance for him to go abroad for further study. A．there being B．there to be C．there is D．being 7、Agriculture is the province’s chief source of wealth, wheat one of the biggest farming produces. A．is B．being C．to be D．having been 8、 The European Union has been hit by the debt crisis one time after another, __________ in great panic. A. neither resulting B. either results C. none resulted D. each resulting 9、 With just four years _______, the Brazil Olympic organizers have promised to deliver an equally inspirational ceremony.
A. gone B. to go C. going D. go 10、 The European Union has been hit by the debt crisis one time after another, __________ in great panic.
A. neither resulting B. either results C. none resulted D. each resulting 11、Agriculture is the province’s chief source of wealth, wheat one of the biggest 学习必备 欢迎下载 farming produces. A．is B．being C．to be D．having been 12、 The girl in the photo was smiling sweetly , _____________. A. her long hair flowed in the breeze. B.her long hair was flowing in the breeze. C.her long hair flow in the breeze. D.her long hair flowing in the breeze. 13、— Why are they taking all the equipment away ? —____________ , they are packing up to leave. A. The job was done B. The job has been done C. With the job done D. With the job doing 14、 __________, his plan is better than yours. A. With everything considered B. Having considered everything C. To consider everything D. Being considered everything 15、 It would be a good idea to use a plastic bottle, _____cut off, as a container to grow young plants in. A. of which the top B. the top of it C. the top of which D. the top is 16、 It would be a good idea to use a plastic bottle, ________ cut off, as a container to grow young plants in.
A. with whose top B. the top is C. the top of which D. with its top 17、I found her sad and seated at the corner of the room,__ _ face buried in her hands． A．whose B．her C．whom D．which 18、The murderer was brought in, with his hands _______ behind him. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 19、 All her time _______ research, the scientist has no time for films． A．devoted to do B．is devoted to doing 学习必备 欢迎下载 C．devoting to doing D．devoted to doing 20、 John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _____, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 21、 Seeing her father, the little girl ran to him, her schoolbag ______ behind her. A. flying B. flew C. to fly D. was flying 22、 The boy came running into the lecture hall, ____________. A. his face was dirty and his clothes torn B. his face dirty and his clothes torn C. his face was dirty and his clothes were torn D. his face dirty and his clothes were torn 23、 So far, about 40 houses have fallen down under the weight of the snow, with 22 people _____. A. reported injured B. reported injuring C. reporting injured D. reporting injuring 24、 With just four years _______, the London Olympic organizers have promised to deliver an equally inspirational ceremony.
A. going B. go C. gone D. to go 25、 ________ in a new country, I was scared and feeling pretty anxious. A. For the first time B. I was the first time C. Being the first time D. This being my first time 26、 left before the deadline, it doesn’t seem likely that John will finish the work on time. A. Though such a short time B. Because such a short time C. With such a short time D. As such a short time 27、 With no central government, the island was ruled by kings, _________ a different region of the country.
A. each controlling B. each controlled
