2023年 名校版高考英语阅读理解精读内测版含答案

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案An artificial intelligence can decode（解码）words and sentences from brain activity with surprising—though still limited—accuracy. Using only a few seconds of brain activity data, the AI guesses what a person has heard. It lists the correct answer in its top 10 possibilities up to 73 percent of the time, researchers found in a study.Developed at the parent company of Facebook, Meta, the AI could eventually be used to help thousands of people around the world unable to communicate through speech,typing or gestures, researchers report August 25 at .Most existing technologies to help such patients communicate require risky brain surgeries to implant electrodes. This new approach“could provide a practical path to help patients without the use of invasive methods,”says neuroscience Jeean-Remi King, a Meta AI researcher in Paris.King and his colleagues trained a computational tool to detect words and sentences on 56,000 hours of speechrecordings from 53 languages. "The tool, also known as a language model, learned how to recognize specific features of language. With the help of a computational method, the team tried to decode what participants had heard using just three seconds of brain activity data from each person. The team instructed the AI to match the speech sounds from the story recordings to patterns of brain activity that the AI computed as corresponding to what people were hearing. It then made predictions about what the person might have been hearing during that short time,given more than 1,000 possibilities. The correct answer was in the,AI's top 10 guesses up to 73 percent of the time, the researchers found.The new study is “decoding of speech perception, not production,”King notes. Though speech production is the ultimate goal,for now,“we’re quite a long way away.”32. What is the main idea of paragraph1?A.The principle of human brain activity.B.The limitation of human brain activity.C. The definition of the artificial intelligence.D. The new function of the artificial intelligence.33. Whom might the AI be beneficial toA.People unable to hear.B.People who can’t move around.C.People who are unconscious.D.People unable to communicate normally.34. What is the purpose of paragraph4A. To analyze the features of the study.B. To state the significance of the study.C. To introduce the process of the study.D. To present the achievement of the study.35. What can we infer about the Al from the passage?A. It performs well in the speech production.B. Its accuracy is far from the research's satisfaction.C. It will help patients avoid dangerous brain surgeries.D. Its language learning ability is beyond expectation.Scientists estimate that more than 95 percent of Earth's oceans have never been observed, which means we have seen less of our planet's ocean than we have the far side of the moon or the surface of Mars. The high cost of powering an underwater camera for a long time, by tying it to a research boat or sending a ship to recharge its batteries, is a steep challenge preventing widespread undersea exploration.MIT researchers have taken a major step to overcome this problem by developing a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that is about 100,000 times more than other undersea cameras. The device takes color photos, even in dark underwater environments, and transmits image data wireless through the water.The autonomous camera is powered by sound.It transforms mechanical energy from sound waves traveling through water into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications equipment. After capturing and encoding（编码）image data，the camera also uses sound waves to transmit data to a receiver that reconstructs the image.Because it doesn't need a power source, the camera could run for weeks on end before retrieval, enabling scientists to search remote parts of the ocean for new species. It could also be used to capture images of ocean pollution or monitor the health and growth of fish raised in aquaculture farms.“One of the most exciting applications of this camera for me personally is in the context of climate monitoring. We are building climate models, but we are missing data from over 95 percent of the ocean. This technology could help us build more accurate climate models and better understand how climate change impacts the underwater world,”says Fadel Adib, associate professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.28. What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us?A. The introduction of new batteries.B. The emphasis on scientists' leading work.C. The advertisement for underwater cameras.D. The difficulty of widespread undersea exploration.29.How is the camera poweredA. It is charged by batteries.B. It uses sound waves to transmit data.C.It changes sound waves into water energy.D.It changes mechanical energy into electrical energy.30. What does the underlined word“retrieval”mean in paragraph4?A. Being fetched.B.Being destroyed.C.Being out of control.D.Being reconstructed.31. What can we learn about the MIT researchers' camera?A. It affects climate change efficiently.B.It will be widely used in some fields.C.It will help know more about Mars' climate.D. It monitors the health and growth of new species.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案cultSewing can be fun and creative.But have you ever thought that a sewing machine can also mean the world to many people around the globe that use it as their main source of income?When Margaret Jankowski discovered this，she decided to found The Sewing Machine Project，an organization that collects donated used machines and redistributes them in remote places like Sri Lanka，Guatemala，Guam，and Kosovo.It also aims to help those in Detroit and New Orleans.In 2004，when a tsunami(海啸) hit Sri Lanka，Margaret was deeply touched by the story of a particular woman.After the village she lived in was destroyed by the natural disaster，she lost everything，including her sewing machine，her approach to future earnings.This story made Margaret decide to collect used sewing machines and send them to Sri Lanka.After attending a local news program where she presented her idea，she started receiving scores of sewing machines.The Sewing Machine Project covers a basic yet necessary need of many impoverished people around the world.For them，sewing can be a tool for survival.Whether in a factory or at home，a sewing machine can be the door to brighter financial opportunities.A sewing machine can also enable many to preserve their cultural identity.After Hurricane Katrina occurredin 2005，a community of New Orleans that wears skillfully-made suits for their own traditional festival lost many of their sewing machines.Since then，the non-profit organization has distributed hundreds of machines among the creators of the costumes，helping them maintain their tradition as well as their income.4．Why does the author raise the question in the first paragraph?A．To call up readers’memories.B．To lead up to the project.C．To stress the role of sewing.D．To introduce sewing machines.5．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A．Destruction of the 2004 tsunami.B．The experience of Margaret in 2004.C．The story of a woman in Sri Lanka.D．Inspiration for the project.6．What does the underlined word “impoverished”in paragraph 4 mean?A．Disabled.B．Exhausted.C．Poor.D．Pessimistic.7．Why is the community in New Orleans mentioned in the end?A．To highlight its cultural identity.B．To prove the importance of keeping traditions.C．To explain the project’s achievement.D．To show the project’s contribution to traditions.There have been numerous attempts to create an all-plastic bike. But most have never passed through the prototype stage (原始阶段). Igus, a Germany-based manufacturer ofhigh-performance plastics, and Dutch start-up MTRL aim to change that with the igus:bike —the world’s first urban bike crafted almost entirely from recycled plastic.Igus CEO Frank Blaséfirst got the idea while vacationing on a Florida beach in 2009. A conversation with some employees from a rental company made him aware of the challenges of maintaining beach bicycles. The continuous exposure to sand, wind and salt water caused the bikes to rust rapidly. Many had to be replaced in only three months.The igus:bike, unveiled at a German trade show, is maintainable and rust-free. It can be left outdoors in all weathers and does not require lubricant oil (润滑油) to reduce friction between parts. Since it does not attract sand, dust or dirt, the bike can be cleaned with a garden hose (水管) in seconds.“As all components are made of plastic, no part of the bike rusts, even the gears —bicycle gears made of plastic were unthinkable for a long time,”Blasésays.The igus:bike will also help combat the world’s plastic pollution. The company says a single adult bike gives new life to about 16 kilograms of single-use plastic that would otherwise choke our landfills or waterways.Currently, 90 percent of the igus:bike is made using recycled plastic. This includes the bicycle’s frame, bearings, pedals and wheel rims. Igus and MTRL believe future versions will be made entirely from recycled plastic.“From ocean plastics to motion plastics —the igus:bike concept has what it takes to become a high-tech ecological product,”says MTRL co-founder Benjamin Alderse Baas.The plastic bikes are expected to come onto the market in early 2023. An adult model, made entirely from recycled plastic, will cost about E1400. A slightly cheaper version made using new plastic and an electric bike are also in the works. Igus also plans on sharing its technology with other bicycle manufacturers.4. What makes Igus CEO Frank Blase seek to create the igus:bike?A. His holidaying in Florida last year.B. The conversation between him and some bicyclers.C. The trouble of keeping beach bicycles in good condition.D. The prolonged exposure of bikes on the beach.5. What can we learn about the igus:bike from the text?A. It will certainly sell well.B. It needs to be more portable.C. It can be used everywhere and freely.D. It is rust less and cleans easily.6. What is the text mainly about?A. A bike made from recycled plastics.B. How to make rust-free bikes.C. An excellent bicycle manufacturer.D. How to maintain beach bikes.7. What can be inferred about the future plastic bikes?A. They will be cheaper and lighter.B. They will be more high-tech ecological.C. They will be crafted from only recycled plastics.D. They will be used widely all over the world.以上就是本文的全部内容。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help lessen the effects of a warmer world. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour. In a paper published in Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a professor in Australia, shows that is already happening. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance beak(喙) size has increased by between 4% and 10%since 1871. Similar trends are seen in species of mice and bats growing bigger ears, tails, legs and wings.All that fits nicely with evolutionary(进化的) theory. “Allen’s rule”, named after Joe Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages(附加物) than those in mild areas. Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body volume, helping it to get rid of additional heal. Fennec foxes, meanwhile,which are native to the Sahara desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.Ryding’s team combined data from different species in different places. Now that they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might interfere with feeding, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.Honestly, studying a broader range of animals will help firm up exactly what is happening. For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. That may change as warming accelerates. Every little bit of avoided future temperature increases results in less warming that would otherwise slay for essentially forever.12. Why do some species grow bigger parts of their body?A. They are following the new trends.B. They have to adapt to warmer climate.C. Scientists need them to do experiments.D. Larger parts tend to help them feed well.13. Where may warm-blooded animals have bigger body parts?A. In mild areas.B. In hot places.C. In the Arctic.D. In deserted regions.14. What do we know about the change in animals from the last two paragraphs?A. It comes at a cost.B. Its cause is definite.C. It happens in the same habitat.D. Its process will end soon.15. What can be a suitable tile for the text?A. Living on a Warming PlanetB. Measures to Remove HeatC. Pioneering Research on AnimalsD. Evolution to Survive HeatAfter a three-year delay, M+，Hong Kong’smuseum dedicated to Chinese visual culture, opened to the public. It contains an astonishing collection of art with works by some celebrities. The former Executive Director, Lars Nittve, sees M+ as equally as New York’s MoMA or the Centre Pompidou in Paris, in terms of depth and cultural importance.M+ wouldn’t have been possible without Swiss businessman and art collector Uli Sigg, who in 2012 donated and sold 1,510 Chinese contemporary works of art to the museum. Michael Schindhelm’s 2016 documentary, The Chinese Lives of Uli Sigg, looked back at Sigg’s life and how he accumulated his collection to preserve contemporary Chinese art for three decades. In interviews of the film, Sigg prefers to viewhimself as “a researcher of China and of Chinese contemporary art who just happened to buy some of the results of his research.”Chinese Lines follows Sigg’s life in time order, starting in 1979, the year that he first went to China as a representative of the Swiss elevator manufacturer. In 1995 Sigg became the Swiss Ambassador to China, which lasted until 1999. He was buying art with an objective eye, one towards preserving culture.Moving into the 21st century, Chinese art reached international attention thanks to Sigg’s efforts. He created the Chinese Contemporary Ant Award, an award that functioned to get artists noticed by important Western artists and galley owner. AI the same time, pieces by Chine artists were gaining more and more global reputations.Following Sigg’s announcement that he will donate a sizable portion of his collection to the soon-to-be-opened M+ museum, Chinese lives ends on a hopeful note for the still-growing art scene in China. The documentary is a good starting point to familiarize oneself with contemporary Chinese art and the man who helped expose it to the world.8. Why does the author mention “MoMA”in paragraph 1?A. To enrich our knowledge.B. To memorize art celebrities.C. To deepen M+ museum’s popularity.D. To indicate M+ museum’s significance.9. Which identity would Uli Sigg most probably agree with?A. A contemporary artist.B. A researcher of Chinese art.C. A collector of contemporary art.D. An ambassador with artistic taste.10. What can we infer from The Chinese Lives of Uli Sigg?A. Sigg offered money to Chinese artists.B. Sigg was the director of the documentary.C. Sigg made great efforts to promote Chinese art.D. Sigg was the Swiss Ambassador to China in 2000.11. What is Uli Sigg like?A. He is strict and ambitious.B. He is caring and creative.C. He is devoted and generous.D. He is hopeful and humorous.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案Some scientists have traced the increase in earthquakes, especially in areas not known for the presence of fault lines or past seismic (地震的) activity, to human actions. The idea of humans causing earthquakes may seem strange at first. After all, you can run around your backyard and jump up and down as you want, and the ground isn’t going to start shaking. However, scientists have identified a variety of large scale human activities that can result in earthquakes.Scientists have confirmed over 700 places where human activities have caused earthquakes over the last century. While many human-related earthquakes are mild and don’t cause much damage, some of them can be serious and dangerous. In fact, scientists believe human activity has caused earthquakes with magnitudes as high as 7.9 on the Richter scale.Scientists believe most human-related earthquakes are the result of mining. As companies drill deeper and deeper below Earth’s surface to get natural resources, holes left behind can cause instability that leads to collapses that cause earthquakes.Another human activity leading to earthquakes is fracking (水力压裂) for oil and gas, including the high pressure waste water processing that usually goes with fracking. In this process, water, sand and chemicals are pressed underground under high pressure to break rocks to release natural resources.Building large dams can also cause earthquakes. For example, about 80, 000 people died in China in 2008 as a result of a7.9-magnitude earthquake caused by 320 million tons of water that had been collected in the Zipingpu Reservoir after a large dam was built over a known fault line.These aren’t the only human activities that can result in earthquakes, though. Scientists point out that earthquakes can also be caused by other human activities, such as construction of skyscrapers and nuclear explosions.12. What does the underlined part “fault lines”in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.Regions with active human actions.B. Places associated with natural balance.C. Zones where natural resources are rich.D. Areas where earthquakes tend to happen.13. What do mining and oil producing have in common?A. They break the balance of nature.B. They destroy the stability of rocks.C. They use high pressure to get resources.D. They do much damage to Earth’s surface.14. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?A. The 2008 earthquake is the worst in history.B. Construction of dams should be stopped.C. Tons of water must cause earthquakes.D. The location of a dam matters much.15. What does the text mainly tell us?A. Nature punishes humans by means of earthquakes.B. Progress has been made on earthquake research.C. Humans are to blame for some earthquakes.D. Earthquakes are no longer nature-made.The poisonous domic(藻) acid affected Alfred Hitchcock’s “The Birds”after hundreds of them absorbed the poison in the summer of 1961 and lost their minds.The sick birds likely consumed poisonous acid via small fish.It also tends to collect in shellfish.And，according to a study published Tuesday，it may become more common as oceans warm，threatening birds and humans alike.Researchers have studied the rate of poisonous acid over the past 20 years in the Pacific Northwest，and found it strongly related to water temperatures that are warmer than normal.For now，warmer waters typically come from events like EL Nino and a decadeslong climate cycle called “Pacific decadal oscillation”，the study found.It isn’t yet clear how climate change，which also warms the oceans，might affect the rate of the poison.“When water’s unusually warm off our coast，it’s because the circulation patterns in the atmosphere have changed，bringing warm water from elsewhere—and this is happening at the same time that we also see highpoisonous acid in shellfish，”Morgaine McKibben，the study’s lead author said.The poison is produced during warm domic blooms，and gets passed up the food chain by animals that eat it.Sea lions，dolphins and humans are at risk.While some animals can eventually clean themselves of the poison，the threat can last a long time after the warm water decreases.Animals poisoned by poisonous acid tend to become weak，and experience death.Symptoms in humans include headache，confusion，loss of shortterm memory，weakness and unconsciousness.It isn’t just a health risk.An Oregon State University statement notes that officials have to shut down shellfish harvests when poisonous acid levels are high，causing economic harm.Since health officials first regarded poison acid as a health threat in 1987，Pacific Northwest shellfish harvests have beenstopped in 2005,2017，and 2018.The West Coast crab(蟹)industry took an estimated $100 million hit in 2017 alone.8．Why did the birds lose their minds in the summer of 1961?A．They maybe had a bad memory.B．They maybe ate poisonous fish.C．They maybe collected the shellfish.D．They maybe drank warm water.9．What is the connection between the rate of poisonous acid and water temperatures?A．When atmosphere has changed，it warms off the coast.B．When circulation comes，the oceans get warmer.C．When climate has changed，the oceans get colder.D．When water becomes warmer，high poisonous acid appears.10．What result will poisonous acid cause to humans?A．Making humans conscious.B．Making humans dead.C．Making humans temporarily lose memory.D．Making humans suffer heart attack.11．What’s the best title of this passage?A．High Poisonous Acid Appears in the AnimalsB．The West Coast Crab Industry Suffer Great Loss C．Climate Change Warms the Oceans in the World D．Warmer Oceans Increase Likelihood of Poisonous Shellfish。