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最新10月全国自学考试语言与文化试题及答案解析

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全国2018年10月自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and thefour alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1. “A Chauvinist pig” refers to a person who believes that women are ______.( )A. prone to tearsB. sociableC. frailD. inferior2. A hot, freshly cooked sausage sandwiched in a split roll of bread is called ______.( )A. hamburgerB. sandwichC. hot dogD. pudding3. Language is ______.( )A. the product of the human brainB. rule governedC. independent of cultureD. the result of social institutions4. Language is used for communication in that communication is the ____ function of language.( )A. primaryB. peripheralC. mediumD. personal5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?( )A. English is a language with explicit grammar and Chinese is a language with implicit grammar.B. Compared with Chinese, English has more grammatical morphemes that are used more frequently in either speech or writing.C. Chinese has no grammatical morphemes.D. Grammatical explicitness and consistency are required in English.6. English is the language which ______.( )A. demonstrates more hypotactic relations than Chinese doesB. demonstrates more paratactic relations than Chinese doesC. demonstrates only hypotactic relationsD. only relies on conjunctions for sentence construction7. ____ can be used as a title for an English woman whose marital status is unknown or is not indicated.( )A. Mrs.B. Ms.C. MissD. Madam8. “To kick the bucket” means“to _____ ” ( )A. dieB. workC. playD. study9. “Marry in May, repent always.” is related to ______.( )A. geographyB. ChristianityC. individualismD. Greco-Roman civilization10. “A Cleopatra” is an allusion from______.( )A. mythologyB. religionC. literatureD. sports11. A simile is a direct _____ between two or more unlike thing s, normally introduced by “like” or “as”.( )A. meaningB. comparisonC. linkD. way12. Terms of colours can be used either literally to refer to different colours or metaphorically to convey their ______ meanings.( )A. directB. impliedC. associativeD. comparative13. ______ are pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions used to mask harsh, rude or infamous truths.( )A. Terms of humilityB. HonourificsC. Similes and metaphorsD. Euphemisms14. Honourifics are used to show respect to one’s interlocutors and persons mentioned in conversations, while ______ are used to show the speaker’s modesty.( )A. honourificsB. complimentsC. terms of humilityD. euphemisms15. The term “text” refers to any piece of spoken or writte n language, which expresses a(n) ______ meaning.( )A. completeB. incompleteC. regularD. irregular16. A: Do you mind my smoking here ?( )B: This is non-smoking area.There is ______between the above two sentences.A. logicB. lexicalC. cohesionD. coherence17. Which of the following words is a coinage, which is often used in the advertisements or brand names?( )A. homelyB. packageC. smoothnessD. home office18. The Chinese meaning of “Mars” is ______ .( )A. 水星B. 金星C. 火星D.木星19. What does punctuality mean to Americans and Englishmen?( )A. in timeB. on time if not a little beforeC. a couple of minutes lateD. half an hour late20. ______ communication is communication without words.( )A. ActionB. GesturesC. VerbalD. NonverbalII. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. Affective meaning is communicated when ______ are expressed directly or indirectly in language.( )A. communicative valuesB. attitudesC. feelingsD. referential meanings22. Many English words refer to the historical aspects of English culture, such as ______.( ) A. reformation B. lynchC. cocktailD. scalp23. Which of the following statements is right?( )A. Hypotactic language is unambiguous and paratactic language is ambiguous.B. Hypotactic language like English relies on conjunctions for sentence construction.C. Paratactic language like Chinese never relies on conjunctions for sentence construction.D. Hypotactic and paratactic relations can be found in both English and Chinese.24. “ ______ ”is an appropriate reply to an expression of gratitude.( )A. Don’t mention itB. Don’t say thatC. It’s my pleasureD. It’s my duty25. ______ is an allusion from a historical event.( )A. NewcastleB. MarathonC. WaterlooD. Paris26. In English, green is usually associated with ______.( )A. jealousyB. lacking experienceC. authoritative permissionD. profit27. In English, we can use such euphemisms as ______ for “die”.( )A. “go”B. “depart”C. “go to a better world”D. “go the way of all flesh”28. The logical relationships between adjoining sentences can be classified into ______. ( )A. additiveB. adversativeC. causalD. temporal29. A news report normally consists of ______.( )A. a headlineB. a leadC. a subtitleD. a story30. Thumbing one’s nose is used to show one’s ______.( )A. defianceB. greeting othersC. arousing other’s interestD. contemptIII. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)31. Language is the carrier and ______ of culture.32. Each culture develops a particular way of ______ favoured by a particular population.33. The prefix “super-” and suffices “-logy”, “-ics” are all from______.34. ______ is used to talk about a person or event that attracts a lot of notice and is the subject of much talk for a short time but is soon forgotten.35. If the person calling is a stranger and does not tell who he or she is, English speakers normally ask“ ______ ”36. Which of the following words in the sentence “There are too many facts here for me to digest them all”is a metaphor?______37. In English a developing country is used to refer to a poor country. Here a developing country is a______.38. A: Are you from China?B: Yes, I am.The sentences in the above dialogue are connected by both grammatical and lexical means, so we say that they exhibit ______.39. In American English, the letters “er” in the word “clerk” are pronounced as______.40. “ ______ ”is signified by moving several times the hand whose forefinger touches one’s own cheek.IV. Answer the following questions briefly.(12%)41. Could you say something about the language features of English advertising?42. How is nonverbal communication related to culture?43. What does abstract thinking refer to?44. How would you explain the fact that “greenhouse”and its equivalent in Chinese “温室”are formed differently?V. Translation.(18%)45．趁热打铁。

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全国自学考试试题语言与文化试卷

全国自学考试试题语言与文化试卷

全国高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. (20%)1. Language is_________. （）A. the product of the human brainB. rule governedC. independent of cultureD. the result of social institutions2.Culture is a social phenomenon because it is a _________ product of human societies.（）A. technical B. cooperativeC. newD. language3.A_________is a small open space symbolically enclosed with very low walls and adjoining a building.（）A. semi houseB. balconyC. plotD. yard4.English is often referred to as a _________ language because it uses frequently connectives to indicate the relation between linguistic elements. （）A. paratacticB. hypotacticC. branchingD. linear5.Decide which of the following words is the word with an inflectional morpheme.（）A. completeB. behaviorC. playedD. membership6.When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say_________.（）A. “Thank you very much. How much is it?”B. “Where did you get it? This is really what I want.”C. “It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much.”D. “It’s very nice.”7.Which expression is NOT appropriate for you to use after you receive an apology? （）1A. It’s O.K.B. It’s all right.C. Not at all.D. Never mind.8. A: Is Jenny co .ruing to the party?B: Yes, she is.The sentences in the above dialogue are connected by both grammatical and lexical means, so we say that they exhibit_________. （）A. cohesionB. coherenceC. coexistenceD. cooperation9.Most of the cultural interpretations of the difference between English and Chinese at the textual level are_________.（）A. conclusions rather than tentative assumptionsB,. tentative assumptions rather than conclusionsC. either tentative assumptions or conclusionsD. neither tentative assumptions nor conclusions10. In American English, the equivalent word for“公寓”is_________.（）A. departmentB. flatC. apartmentD. basement11.7 days without 7-up make one weak.In this advertisement, one can find the tactful use of _________.（）A. homophonesB. figure of speechC. repetitionD. several adjectives12. Nodding means “agreement”to Chinese and most Europeans. But in the Eskimo gesturalsystem, head nodding means“_________”. （）A. yesB. angerC. pleasureD. no13. _________is a construction, expression, etc., having a meaning different from the literal oneor not according to the usual patterns of the language.（）A. “To pull one’s leg”B. “To keep a straight face”C. “To make a cat laugh”D. “To ride one’s high horse”14. The proverb “Homer sometimes nods”is related to_________.2（）A. Christianity B. Greco-Roman civilizationC. individualismD. insular culture15. In English culture _________ connote wisdom.A. miceB. chickensC. owlsD. mules16. _________is the symbol of fear, cowardice or timidity.（）A. A white slaveB. A white elephantC. A white hopeD. A white feather17. _________shows a biased attitude towards certain ethnic groups.A. Racist languageB. Religious languageC. Sexist languageD. Metaphorical language18. The thematic model emphasizes three culture elements: _________.（）A. traits, values and world viewsB. personal behaviours, thinking patterns and valuesC. norms, customs and circumstancesD. time, space and dimension19. _________are pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions used to mask harsh, rude or infamous truths.A. HonourificsB. Terms of humilityC. EuphemismsD. Taboos20. For example, a boy told his mother in a whispering voice that it was not he who broke thevase but did not dare to look at his mother in her eyes. How could one interpret his verbal and nonverbal messages? （）A. Complementing.B. Contradicting.C. RepeatingD. Regulating.Ⅱ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. Some of the important properties in a language are_________. （）3A. a set of symbolsB. human specificC. vocalD. unsystematic22. “Handsome”means nice looking and can be used together with the followingwords_________.（）A. villageB. vesselC. typewriterD. overcoat23. Inductive argumentation has been related to_________.（）A. the linear thinking patternB. the branching thinking patternC. inductive reasoningD. indirect personality24. When people are introduced, _________.（）A. they always shake handsB. they normally shake hands in formal or business situationsC. they do not always shake handsD. men shake hands more often than women25. The logical relationships between adjoining sentences can be classified into_________.（）A. additive B. adversativeC. causalD. temporal26. The word “hero”can be pronounced as_________.（）A. ['her∂v]B. ['hi:r∂v]C. ['hir∂v]D. ['hi∂r∂v]27. Silence may send the nonverbal messages of_________.（）A. displeasureB. pleasureC. indifferenceD. irritation28. _________means to be clumsy.（）A. “To put one’s foot in one’s mouth”B. “To be all thumbs”C. “To have a chip on one’s shoulder”D. “To have two left feet”29. _________have the metaphorical meaning of timidity.（）4A. BeaversB. LambsC. MiceD. Chickens30. _________is a euphemistic synonym of “poor ”.A. DeprivedB. NeedyC. UnderprivilegedD. DisadvantagedIII. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(20%)31. Language is vocal, which means that speech is the ___________________of language.32. Each language represents a unique system of meaning in ___________________ ways.33. “2006年8月12日下午3点”can be translated into___________________.34. John Bull is ___________________ personified.35. It has been claimed that English texts develop in a ___________________ fashion, whileChinese ones develop in a spiral way.36. A national language may have several regional___________________.37. Though Chinese speakers tend to say “犟牛”to mean stubborn, English speakers would say “as stubborn as a___________________”in similar situations.38. The English expression equivalent to “敝校”is___________________.39. If a person stretches out his forefinger and the middle finger apart, he means______________.40 The English idiom equivalent to“鹤立鸡群”or“羊群里的骆驼”is“___________________”. IV. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)41 What is the English equivalent for “挂钟”?42. What are the four types of common English names?43. What does a white slave refer to?44. What is the typical text structure of letters of request in English? And how does it differ fromthat of Chinese letters?V. Translation. (18%)45．不动声色46．久仰大名47. My hands are as cold as ice．48. Wine and judgment matures with age.49. The Chinese people prefer the order in which the modifier appears before the head because5they are indirect. For the same reason, the subordinate clause precedes the main clause in Chinese.50. In China when people visit a friend and have dinner with his or her family, the host or hostess often says, “These are the best dishes we can supply. Please feel at home and help yourselves”. Vl. Discuss the following topics. (20%)51. What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese telephone calls?52. “Plain looking”, “heavy”, “slender”, “physically handicapped”, and “hard of hearing”are some commonly used euphemisms. How do we use those euphemisms related to human appearance?6。

最新10月全国自学考试外国文学史试题及答案解析

最新10月全国自学考试外国文学史试题及答案解析

全国2018年10月自学考试外国文学史试题课程代码：00540一、单理选择题(本大题共26小题，每小题1分，共26分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

l.亚里士多德文艺理论的代表作是( )A.《理想国》B.《伊安篇》C.《诗学》D.《诗艺》2.古希腊罗马神话和英雄传说的汇编《变形记》的作者是( )A.奥维德B.维吉尔C.贺拉斯D.阿普列尤斯3.中世纪法国骑士抒情诗中最著名的是( )A.牧歌B.破晓歌C.夜歌D.怨歌4.欧洲中世纪的后期英雄史诗中最具代表性的是( )A.《罗兰之歌》B.《熙德之歌》C.《尼伯龙根之歌》D.《伊戈尔远征记》5.薄伽丘的小说《十日谈》采用的结构形式是( )A.拱形结构B.单线结构C.双线结构D.框形结构6.对话体幻想小说《乌托邦》的作者是( )A.托马斯·莫尔B.罗伯特·格林C.约翰·李利D.马洛7.使法国古典主义悲剧走向成熟的作家是( )A.高乃依B.拉辛C.布瓦洛D.拉封丹8.被称为“德国第一部有政治倾向性的戏剧”是( )A.《强盗》B.《阴谋与爱情》C.《华伦斯坦》D.《浮士德》9.德国浪漫主义文学在发展过程中形成了三个中心，最早的一个是( )A.耶拿派B.海德堡派C.柏林派D.湖畔派10.法国浪漫主义战胜古典主义的标志性事件是( )A.《欧那尼》上演B.《克伦威尔》上演C.《伪君子》上演D.《茶花女》上演11.著名的革命民主主义诗人裴多菲是( )A.波兰人B.罗马尼亚人C.匈牙利人D.保加利亚人l2.代表19世纪英国文学最高成就的作家是( )A.萨克雷B.狄更斯C.盖斯凯尔夫人D.哈代13.巴赫金认为创造了“复调小说”的作家是( )A.拉伯雷B.福楼拜C.大仲马D.陀思妥耶夫斯基14.美国废奴文学的代表作是( )A.《白鲸》B.《汤姆大伯的小屋》C.《汤姆·索亚历险记》D.《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》l5.法国著名的自然主义小说家和理论家是( )A.龚古尔兄弟B.左拉C.都德D.莫泊桑l6.“为中国题材小说作出了开拓性贡献”而获诺贝尔文学奖的美国作家是( ) A.杰克·伦敦 B.马克·吐温C.赛珍珠D.索尔·贝娄17.高尔基早期描写流浪汉生活的代表作是( )A.《伊则吉尔老婆子》B.《少女与死神》C.《切尔卡什》D.《在底层》18.意识流小说《墙上的斑点》的作者是( )A.乔伊斯B.福克纳C.沃尔夫D.普鲁斯特19.“他人就是地狱”出自于萨特的作品，该作品是( )A.《禁闭》B.《苍蝇》C.《恶心》D.《死无葬身之地》20.魔幻现实主义代表作家加西亚·马尔克斯是( )A.墨西哥作家B.危地马拉作家C.古巴作家D.哥伦比亚作家21.《旧约》中《雅歌》主要表现的是( )A.爱情主题B.和平主题C.战争主题D.复仇主题22.印度古代文学史上最杰出的诗人和剧作家是( )A.首陀罗迦B.广博仙人C.迦梨陀娑D.蚁垤仙人23.波斯文学史上被称为“诗歌之父”的是( )A.鲁达基B.菲尔多西C.哈菲兹D.萨迪24.日本近代新思潮派的代表作家是( )A.芥川龙之介B.菊池宽C.志贺直哉D.岛崎藤村25.《先知》的作者纪伯伦是( )A.埃及现代派作家B.白桦派作家C.叙美派作家D.唯美派作家26.获得诺贝尔文学奖的尼日利亚作家是( )A.桑戈尔B.戈迪默C.阿契贝D.索因卡二、多项选择题(本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

2023年10月自考00321中国文化概论试题及答案含评分标准

2023年10月自考00321中国文化概论试题及答案含评分标准

“诚”有多种含义，如诚实、诚恳、忠诚等，其核心意义是真实而不虚妄。诚 是作用于人内心的道德规范，要求人们能够保守内心的本真，真实表露自己的心声， 真正做到表里如一。诚的最高境界是“真”。（3 分）与“诚”密切相关的是“信”， “信”也有真实的意思，其有两层含义，一是讲信用，一是信任。两者之间具有因 果关系，只有自己讲信用，别人才会信任你。信来源于诚，诚是信的基础。经过儒 家和其他各家的反复提倡，真诚有信这种道德规范逐渐深入人心，成为中华民族所 普遍尊崇的美德。（3 分） （评分说明：结合上述内容，能谈出自己的正确观点，给 4 分） 48．论述中国物质文化对世界的影响。
中国文化概论试题答案及评分参考 第 1 页（共 3 页）
四、简答题：本大题共 6 小题，每小题 5 分，共 30 分。
41．简述中国古代利用改造自然方面的成就。
（1）土地的开垦。
（2）水利的兴修。
（3）运河的开凿。
（评分说明：每点 2 分，满分 5 分）
42．简述魏晋南北朝时期的文化大势。
（1）北方民族大举内侵引起中原人群的大规模南移，其结果是民族大融合。
（2）对南方大规模的开发，新的经济区出现。
（3）佛教的广泛传播，给固有的中国文化注入了许多新的精神因素，三教鼎力。
（评分说明：每点 2 分，满分 5 分）
43．简述自然环境中的服饰文化标志。
（1）环境标志。
（2）性别标志。
（3）体型标志。
（4）年龄标志。
（评分说明：答对任意一点给 2 分，其余每点给 1 分，满分 5 分）
中国文化概论试题答案及评分参考 第 3 页（共 3 页）
绝密★启用前
2023 年 10 月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 中国文化概论试题答案及评分参考
2020年10月全国高等教育自学考试汉语言文学专业《写作(一)》真题及答案

2020年10月全国高等教育自学考试汉语言文学专业《写作(一)》真题及答案

2020年10月全国高等教育自学考试汉语言文学专业《写作（一）》真题及答案1.单项选择题（江南博哥）不同的文类和文体有不同的言说方式与表达特点，这是指( )A. 素材B. 主题C. 结构D. 语体正确答案：D参考解析：写作中语言表达最基本的标准是得体。

因为不同的文类和文体有不同的言说方式与表达特点，这便是通常所说的语体。

根据不同的写作目的，我们可以把语体分为文艺语体、科技语体、政论语体与事务语体。

2.单项选择题写作活动中，由于某种偶然机缘的触发而突然产生思维豁然开朗的顿悟现象是指( )A. 演绎逻辑B. 抽象思维C. 灵感思维D. 目的思维正确答案：C参考解析：灵感恩维是指研究和写作活动中，由于某种偶然机缘的触发，而突然产生的思维豁然开朗的顿悟现象。

它如同灵光闪现，倏然而来、飘然而去．并不为作者的理智所控制，却能为某些本来百思不解的问题找到正确的答案或解决的路径，或者给作者带来突发奇想的巧妙文思。

3.单项选择题“积土成山，风雨兴焉；积水成渊，蛟龙生焉”，是指写作活动中要勤于（）A. 素材积累B. 艺术观察C. 运思谋篇D. 社会调查正确答案：A参考解析：“积土成山，风雨兴焉；积水成渊，蛟龙生焉”说的是积累的重要性。

厚积才能薄发，有了丰厚的素材积累，才能写出有分量的作品。

因此，写作活动中要勤于素材积累。

4.单项选择题通过网络空间发放调查问卷以获得相关数据的调查方式是( )A. 统计调查B. 网络调查C. 问卷调查D. 重点调查正确答案：B参考解析：统计调查是指收集各种统计资料以获得精确的数据。

问卷调查是以卷面的形式提出所要调查的问题进行询问调查。

重点调查是在一定范围里选取重点样本为对象进行调查。

网络调查是通过网络空间发放调查问卷，以获得相关数据。

5.单项选择题以下不属于写作动机特性的是( )A. 复杂性B. 主体性C. 综合性D. 社会性正确答案：C参考解析：写作动机的特性包括复杂性、主体性和社会性。