全国2017年10月自考语言与文化00838试题和答案解析

2017年10月全国自考（文学概论）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 多项选择题 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题 5. 论述题单项选择题1．在文学理论史上，强调“世界”与“作品”的关系的学说是【】A．独立说B．再现说C．实用说D．客观说正确答案：B解析：再现说在文学四要素中强调“世界”与“作品”的对应关系，认为作品是对世界的模仿或再现。

在西方，最古老的“模仿说”也就是再现说。

2．提出“寓教于乐”的是【】A．贺拉斯B．柏拉图C．苏格拉底D．亚里士多德正确答案：A解析：古罗马时期贺拉斯在《诗艺》中提出“寓教于乐”的观点，开西方实用说的先河。

3．李清照的名句“花自飘零水自流。

一种相思，两处闲愁”使用的辞格是【】A．借代B．对偶C．反讽D．借喻正确答案：D4．在庄子“言意”说的基础上，进一步提出了言、象、意三层面说的是【】A．扬雄B．王弼C．刘大樾D．姚鼐正确答案：B5．文学形象与非文学形象的区别在于，文学形象具有【】A．哲学属性B．科学属性C．观念属性D．审美属性正确答案：D解析：文学形象必须是灌注了作家审美感情的，既揭示生活意蕴，又具有审美价值的形象。

因此是否具有审美属性，便成了文学形象与非文学形象的分水岭。

6．朱熹的《泛舟》(“昨夜江边春水生，艨艟巨舰一毛轻。

向来枉费推移力，此日中流自在行”)，集中体现了文学象征意象的【】A．哲理性B．意象性C．荒诞性D．求解性正确答案：A7．故事中的事件就是人物的行为及其【】A．原因B．细节C．动机D．后果正确答案：D解析：一个事件就是一个叙述单位，事件可大可小，但都必须要与人物行为有关。

事件就是故事中人物的行为及其后果。

8．文本中表明叙述者存在的根据是【】A．故事情节B．人物描写C．叙述标记D．叙述声音正确答案：D解析：叙述声音是指那种能体现叙述者的叙述动作的口气或情感态度。

它是表明叙述者存在的根据。

9．亚里士多德在《诗学》中认为，叙事艺术的第一个要素是【】A．情节B．性格C．主题D．修辞正确答案：A10．首次对“审美情感”做出阐释的是【】A．柏拉图B．黑格尔C．克莱夫·贝尔D．鲁道夫·阿恩海姆正确答案：C解析：黑格尔曾经提出过“审美的情感”这一范畴，可惜语焉不详。

全国2021年10月高等教育白学考试诺言与文化试题课程代码：00838I . Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and put the answer in the brackets. (20%)1. In educational settings "depend on others to do his/her work" is often preferred to "".A. fail to do one 's homeworkB. fail to do one 's schoolwork wellC. cheat in examsD. cheat in class2. A "file clerk " is often said euphemistically to be a(n) "".A. information directorB. research consultantC. office executiveD. assistant manager3. I wonder whether Nick isn 't better off, after all. ——they do look after him, don 't they?A. I meanB. In other wordsC. ActuallyD. Incidentally4. The next morning she was glad and proud that she had not yielded to a scare.he was most strangely and obviously better.A. ThoughB. At this pointC. ForD. So5. "2000 年7 月25 日上午10 点" can be translated into.A. At 10 o 'clock of the morning of 25 July of 2000B. At 10 o 'clock on the morning of 25 July, 2000C. At 10 o 'clock, the morning of 25 July, 2000D. At 10 o 'clock in the morning of 25 July, 20006. Which of the following names is associated with Christianity?A. EdgarB. JosephC. AlexanderD. Iris7. When you introduce Mary Smith to John Jones, you may say _____ .A. "John Jones, this is Mary Smith 〞B. " Mr. Jones, may I introduce Mrs. Smith?"C. " Mary Smith, this is John Jones "D. "Mary Smith, this is Mr. Jones"to mind one's p's and q's""to keep one's nose clearf" is inappropriate as a reply to an apology.A. It's O. K.B. It's all right.C. Not at all.D. Never mind. 9. It is suggested that Chinese people are good at holistic A. writing B. speaking C. thinking D. doing 10. The thematic model emphasizes three culture elements: A. traits, values and world views B. personal behaviours, thinking patterns and values C. norms, customs and circumstances D. time, space and dimension11. The Chinese equivalent for "high school" is A.中等学校 B.高等学校 C.技术学校 D.职业学校 12. In English culture, "old" is associated with all the following except A. useless B. traditional C. senile D. skilled 13. The phrasal verb "look into " corresponds in meaning to the single word A. expect B. investigate C. despise D. watch 14. "To be very careful and correct in one's behaviour" is synonymous to A. “Mr. Right"B. « I _____ _________ ___________ ________ ______keep one s own company15."To make a cat laugh" meansA. to be tragicB. to be comicC. to be proudD. to be serious 16. In English culture "white" connotes A. innocence B. death C. cruelty D. reaction 17. The English equivalent for "害了红眼病" is A. a white hope B. grey-headed C. pinkeye D. green-eyed18. Uranus is the Roman god of A. heavens and father of SaturnC. D.B. the sea, son of Saturn and brother of JupiterC. agriculture and father of JupiterD. the sky and the king of the gods19. American English and English are two varieties of the English language and they areof equal status.A. CanadianB. AustralianC. New Zealandic EnglishD. British20. Stamping one's foot signifies in English body language.A. angerB. strengthC. remorseD. impatiencen . Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement and put the answer(s) in the brackets. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. "" is more offensive than "damn" or "damn it〞.A. HellB. God damn youC. Damn youD. Jesus Christ22. He was the popular candidate. _______ he will be elected.A. So thatB. As suchC. ConsequentlyD. Accordingly23. In the following statements,is true.A. English has gone through the stage of explicit grammar, while Chinese has.B. Modern European languages are grammatical simpler and demonstrate less grammatical explicitly than classical European language.C. English and Chinese are at different developmental stages.D. English and Chinese are at same developmental stages.24. When John Smith picks up the phone, he may say.A. Hello. This is John speaking.B. Hello.C. Who's calling, please?D. Good morning. John Smith here.25. When English speakers respond to thanks, they normally say.A. "Don't mention it "B. Tt's my pleasure"C. "Not at all"D. "No. It's my duty"26. The idiomatic expression "to put one's foot in one's mouth" means.A. to just make itB. to say something embarrassingC. to have an angry attitudeD. to say something wrong or unsuitable27. "A blue fit " is close in meaning to.A. annoyanceB. happinessC. satisfactionD. irritation28. In English culture,are positive in meaning.A. ambitiousB. self-made manC. do-gooderD. aggressive29. In Chinese newspapers are not reported so frequently as in English newspapers.A. political achievementsB. cultural achievementsC. crimesD. disasters30. Touching or bodily contact is more common among in English speaking countries.A. malesB. the oldC. femalesD. the youngin . Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (12%)31. "To fresh up" can be used by a female as an euphemism for.32. In an English letter of request there are three parts: the purpose for which the letter is written, the supporting information and a _______ .33. It is hard for to understand why "走狗" is a pejorative term in Chinese.34. Each culture develops a particular way of favoured by a particular population.35. English uses frequently inflectional morphemes to indicate the relations between linguistic elements.36. " Good-bye" is the contracted form of and therefore carries a religious connotation.37. " Good night" is usually as an expression of.38. The English proverbial expression corresponds to "对牛弹琴" in Chinese.39. The English expression corresponds to "胆小如鼠" in Chinese.40. The branch of learning that studies how we perceive, structure, reacts to, and interpret messages of time is referred to as.41. American English differs from British English mainly in pronunciation and ______ .42. The phrase in British English for "私立学校" is.IV . Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)43. What are some examples in Australian English illustrating racist language?44. How do English speakers respond to compliments?45. What is large c culture?46. How would you explain the fact that "greenhouse" and its equivalent in Chinese "温室" are formed differently?47. Which idiomatic expression in English corresponds to "捧腹大笑" in Chinese?48. What is the word for " hard liquor" in British English?V . Translation. (16%)49. 您有何高见？50. Most surprise attacks against the enemy have now become pre-emptive strikes.51. I'm sorry, Mr. Jones is occupied right now. Would you like to leave a message, please?52. Hello. This is Mary speaking. Who is calling?53. He that increases knowledge increases sorrow.54. 巧妇难为了无米之炊.55. Cookie, fat-cakes and chowder are words referring to food.56. 竹在中国文化中是谦虚、刚直不阿、顽强不屈的象征.VI. Define the following terms. (10%)57. sexist language58. individualism59. Seven Facets model60. Sexism61. illustratorW . Discuss the following topics. (20%)62. What are allusions? And how do they reflect culture?63. Please explain the five categories of gestures.。

全国2012年10月自学考试语言与文化试题(总分100,考试时间150分钟)课程代码：00838请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试题卷上。

I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives **pletes the statement and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20%)1. Anthropological culture refers to ______.A. culture in its broad senseB. culture in its narrow senseC. large C cultureD. academic culture2. Which of the following is NOT an example of **ponents of small c culture?A. Houses and foods.B. Political organizations.C. Gestures and facial expressions.D. World views.3. ______ meaning is **municative value an expression has in addition to the purely conceptual meaning.A. SocialB. ConnotativeC. AffectiveD. Reflected4. “Domicile”, “residence” and “home” are synonyms, but they are different so far as their ______meanings are concerned.A. conceptualB. reflectedC. socialD. thematic5. Which of the following is NOT a grammatical morpheme?A. -sB. -lyC. -estD. -ed6. a)He came to Shanghai in the fall of 2008.他2008年秋天来到上海。

⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯优选自学考料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯全国 2021 年 1 月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码： 00838Ⅰ .Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1．“ Negro〞 ,once a euphemism for “ _______〞 , is now an offensive racist term. 〔〕A ． a black manB ． niggerC． an African D ． black boy2． The expression that can be used as the euphemism for “ gardener〞 is “ _______〞 .〔〕A ． landscape architectB ． garden designerC． beautician D ． botanist3． I may be back tonight; I’ m not sure. _______,just make yourself〔at home. 〕A ． HoweverB ． Despite thisC． Either way D ． Still4． He showed no pleasure at hearing the news. _______ he looked even gloomier. 〔〕A ． AlternativelyB ． I meanC． In addition D ． Instead5．“他住在美国马萨诸塞州剑桥神德街 2 号〞 can be translated into _______.〔〕A ． He lives at Divinity Avenue 2, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.B ． He lives at Divinity Avenue 2 in Cambridge of Massachusetts, U.S.A.C． He lives at 2 Divinity Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.D ． He lives in U.S.A, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Divinity Avenue 2.6． _______ is a weapon name.〔〕A ． BrendaB ． ArthurC． Rhoda D ． Timothy7． When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say_______. 〔〕A ．“ It ’ s very nice〞B ．“ Where did you get it? This is really what I want〞C．“ It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much 〞D ．“ How much is it? Thank you very much 〞18． _______can be said as a reply to thanks.〔〕A ．“ You’ retoo polite. 〞B ．“ It ’ s my pleasure〞.C．“ It ’ s my duty〞. D ．“ No. 〞9． To be sexy is to possess a _______ in English culture. 〔〕A ． vicious characterB ． narrow minded featureC． loose sex morality D ． positive human quality10．“ Propaganda〞 connotes _______, so it is a pejorative term in English. 〔〕A ． giving publicity to somethingB ． exchanging useful knowledgeC． spreading biased information D ． motivating people to do something11．The Chinese equivalent for “ stop watch 〞 is “跑表〞 ,which reveals that the Chinese people lay stress on _______.〔〕A ． the way in which it is usedB ． the purpose for which it is usedC． the mechanic qualityD ． the appearance by which people can recognize12．The English equivalent for“温室〞is“ greenhouse〞,which reveals that the English speakers emphasize its _______.〔〕A ． capacityB ． physical characteristicC． function D ． effectiveness13． The proverb “one falls into Scylla in seeking to avoid Charybdis 〞 is related to _______. 〔〕A ． ChristianityB ． the BibleC． Greco-Roman civilization D ． geography14．“ A child who roams the street 〞 can be referred to as _______.〔〕A ． a Sherlock HolmesB ． an Uncle TomC． a Don Juan D ． an Oliver Twist15．“ The Garden of Eden〞 is an allusion derived from_______. 〔〕A ． literatureB ． mythologyC． religion D ． history16．“ We’ ve generated a lot of ideas this week〞 illustrates the metaphor that _______. 〔〕A ． ideas are foodB ． ideas are plantC． ideas are products D ． ideas are commodities17．“ Brown paper 〞 corresponds to _______.〔〕A ．奥秘文件B ．棕色纸2C．揭示社会黑暗的报纸 D ．牛皮纸18． Many legal terms in English are from _______ and French. 〔〕A ． GreekB ． LatinC． Indian D ． Romania19． To avoid ambiguity, _______ are seldom used in English documents. 〔〕A ． personal pronounsB ． loan wordsC． long sentences D ． learned words20． Beckoning another person to come is an example of _______.〔〕A ． accentingB ． complementingC． regulating D ． substitutionⅡ .Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be morethan one correct answer.(10%)21．Even “ the black people 〞 is regarded as degrading word, for“ black〞 has bad connotations.“_______ 〞 is the case in point. 〔〕A ． Black flagB ． Black coalC． Black foot D ． Black head22． It has been claimed that the flowery style of Chinese descriptive writing is related to _______the Chinese people are good at.〔〕A ． artistic thinkingB ． deductive reasoningC． intuitive thinking D ． dialectical reasoning23． Which of the following statements may be true?〔〕A ． Branching and linear sentence patterns result from thinking patterns.B ． Branching sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.C． Linear sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.D ． Branching and linear sentence patterns can be related to emotional factors.24． Joyce Merrill Valdes is your colleague who is married. You can call her _______.〔〕A ． JoyceB ． MerrillC． Valdes D ． Mrs. Valdes25．“ To pull somebody’〞s legmeans _______.〔〕A ． to tease somebodyB ． to let somebody lag behindC． to deceive somebody temporarily D ． to prevent somebody from advancing26．“ To ride one ’ s high horse〞means _______.〔〕3()全国自考语言与文化试题及剖析⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯优选自学考料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯A ． to be gladB ． to be haughtyC． to be arrogant D ． to be confident27． Many English words refer to the historical aspects of English culture, such as _______. 〔〕A ． reformationB ． lynchC． cocktail D ． scalp28． In English culture, “ red〞 can be associated with _______. 〔〕A ． celebrationsB ． embarrassment or shynessC． anger or excitement D ． jealousy29．“ Santa Clause〞 comes from _______. 〔〕A ． GermanB ． FrenchC． Dutch D ． Indian30． Chewing one ’ s finger nails signifies〔.〕A ． emotional stressB ． impatienceC． irritation D ． worryⅢ.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31.“ Human resource development 〞 is the euphemism for “ _________.〞32.The connective“ so〞in“ If they see that you’ re blue, they’ ll look down upon you. So why should I bother〞to caindicates a(n) _________ relation.33.A ball game played by pitchers, batters, catchers and fielders is _________.34.Morphemes can be classified into two categories: inflectional and _________ morphemes.35.The Chinese meaning of the English name Alexander is _________.36.John Bull is _________ personified.37.“ Self-made man〞,in American English at least, is a _________ term.38.The English proverbial equivalent for“谋事在人，成事在天〞is “ _________.〞39.Weak though he looked, he was as brave as a _________,as all the playground bullies came to learn.40.Cultures that allow people to interact at a great distance are referred to as _________ cultures.41.In general English speakers touch significantly less frequently than speakers of _________ languages do in everydayconversation.42.The word in American English for“教职员〞is“ _________.〞Ⅳ.Answer the following questions briefly.(12%)43.What does“ a red letter day〞 mean in English culture?“ a marriage of convenience〞 covey the same meaning as “送上门的婚姻〞？45.What do English speakers do when they receive gifts?46.What is the American equivalent for the British word“ maize〞?47.What is the English equivalent for“隐形眼镜〞？4()全国自考语言与文化试题及剖析⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯优选自学考料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯48.Give examples to show the differences in what can be advertised between English and Chinese culture.Ⅴ.Translation.(16%)49.久仰大名。

2018年10月高等教育自学考试《语言与文化》试题课程代码：00838I. Each of the statements is followed by four alternatives. Read following incomplete each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. (20%)1. Without the emergence of man would remain what he was one or two million years ago.A.cultureB. speechC. languageD. thinking2. When we say that language is , we mean that the language is rule governed.A.systematicB. arbitraryC. vocalD. symbolic3. The relationship between a word and an object in the real world to which the word refers isthe meaning of the word.A. connotativeB. socialC. affectiveD. conceptual4. If an entry in a dictionary consists of two or more words, it will be treated as aA. phraseB. clauseC. compoundD. sentence5. The following Chinese sentences are implicit passive sentences EXCEPTA．花晒着太阳了。

2017年10月高等教育自学考试《现代汉语》真题(总分100, 考试时间150分钟)一、单项选择题：本大题共 20 小题，每小题 1 分，共 20 分。

在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。

1. 汉语没有丰富的形态变化，属于（）。

A 屈折语B 黏着语C 孤立语D 混合语答案:CC：孤立语：没有丰富的形态变化。

A：屈折语：句子中某些词本身有丰富的形态变化。

如"德语" B：黏着语：句子中某些词的形态变化表现为在词的前后附有词缀。

如"日语"。

D：混合语：在一定社会条件下形成的两种或多种语言的混合体。

2. 决定语音与其他声音之不同的属性是（）。

A 社会性质B 生理性质C 物理性质D 个体性质答案:A语音作为语言必不可少的要素之一，必须表达一定的意义，什么样的语音表达什么样的意义，是使用该语言的全体社会成员约定俗成的。

因此语音具有物理、生理、社会三方面的性质，其中社会属性是语音的本质属性。

3. 下列各词，两个音节声母不同的是（）。

A 意义B 字纸C 历来D 扭捏答案:BA："意义"为零声母；C："历来"声母均为"L"；D:"扭捏"声母均为"n"；B： "字"声母为"z"，"纸"声母为"zh"4. 下列各词，两个音节都属于撮口呼韵母的是（）。

A 需求B 温度C 学院D 鱼嘴答案:C撮口呼：有韵头ü的，或韵腹是ü的韵母。

A："需"为撮口呼，"求"为齐齿呼；B： "温""度"均为合口呼，D："鱼"为撮口呼，"嘴"合口呼。

5. 下列音节，调值为 51 的是（）。

全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ．Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives．Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement．(20%)1．Venus is the Roman god of ．( )A．beauty and love B．agricultureC．the departed spirits D．the sea2．The expression “to kick the bucket” means ．( )A．to be angry B．to go awayC．to die D．to get out3．Oscar is a ．( )A．religious name B．flower nameC．name of authority D．weapon name4．In English culture “green” connotes ．( )A．longevity B．prosperityC．immaturity D．sincerity5．The phrasal verb “look towards” corresponds in meaning to the single word: ( )A．inspect B．examineC．seek D．anticipate6．The English-speaking people use the word “chicken” metaphorically to refer to ．( ) A．a small creature B．a cowardC．a fool D．a hero7．Camellia is a ．( )A．religious name B．flower nameC．weapon name D．name of authority8．A game played on horseback by two teams of players on a ground is called ．( ) A．hockey B．poloC．rugby D．golf9．A sweet dish typically composed of fruit baked with pastry is called ．( )A．hamburger B．sandwichC．hot dog D．pudding10．The nonverbal messages that are consistent with accompanying verbal messages, but add to or strengthen or clarify the verbal message serve the function of ．( )A．regulating B．repeatingC．complementing D．accenting11．The word coined in 1971 to refer to either a male or a female who presides over a meeting or an organization is “”．( )A．chair-sitter B．chairpersonC．president D．pressman12．The racist word for persons of Italian of Spanish birth or descent is “_______”．( )A．Dagos B．KikesC．Japs D．Polacks13．Textual connectives are used to link ______．（）A．words and phrases in a sentence B．clauses in a sentenceC．sentences and paragraphs D．different texts14．贵府is equivalent to in English．（）A．your honorable home B．your homeC．your valuable house D．your house 15．Language, culture, and thought , each influencing and shaping the other two．（）A．alternate B．changeC．interact D．substitute16．“Chewing one’s finger nails”signifies ．（）A．contempt B．guiltyC．happiness D．worry17．The relationship between language and culture is that ．（）A．language and culture interact B．culture determines languageC．language determines culture D．language and culture are parallel18．The distance zone ranging from 18 inches to about four feet is referred to as the ______zone．（）A．intimate B．publicC．casual-personal D．socio-consultative19．Which of the following sentences demonstrates hypotactic relation?（）A．Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast．B．I think he is right．C．I told him exactly when I would leave for Paris．D．He bought tea, coffee, eggs, milk, etc．20．The difference found in answers to negative questions between English and Chinese demonstrates that _______．（）A．English speakers are direct and Chinese speakers are indirectB．English speakers are individualistic and Chinese speakers are politeC．English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic languageD．Chinese speakers are strongly influenced by the environment, the way in which the question is formed, while English speakers are notⅡ．Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives．Read eachstatement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement．There might be more than one correct answer．(10%) 21．“To be all thumbs” is synonymous to “________”．（）A．to be proud B．to be clumsyC．to be good at doing something D．to be bad at doing something22．“黑面包” can be translated into “________”．（）A．black bread B．blue breadC．brown bread D．red bread23．“_________” is an euphemism for “lavatory”．（）A．Bathroom B．Comfort roomC．Convenient room D．Powder room24．When people are introduced, ________．（）A．they always shake handsB．they normally shake hands in formal or business situationsC．they do not always shake handsD．men shake hands more often than women25．In English speaking countries, ________ are frequently advertised．（）A．sexual service B．domestic serviceC．medicines D．cigarette26．Body language includes such meaning representing devices as（）A．facial expressions B．gesturesC．dress D．artifacts27．Which one is right in the following statements? （）A．Hypotactic language is unambiguous and paratactic language is ambiguous．B．Hypotactic language like English relies on conjunctions for sentence construction．C．Paratactic language like Chinese never relies on conjunctions for sentence construction．D．Hypotactic and paratactic relations can be found in both English and Chinese．28．Conceptual meaning refers to __________ content．（）A．cognitive B．stylisticC．associative D．logical29．In a flowery Chinese descriptive text one can find quite a number of ________．（）A．adjectives and adverbs B．hyperbolesC．four-character expressions D．similes and metaphors30．Culture in its technical sense is _________．（）A．human specific B．a social phenomenonC．a national phenomenon D．a historical phenomenonⅢ．Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression．(12%)31．The word in American English for “电梯” is _______________．32．In informal situations English speakers tend to address others by using their ________ names．33．Conceptual meaning is the ____________ a word conveys．34．It is often said that English is a language with _______________ grammar and Chinese a language with ___________ grammar．35．The English equivalent idiom for “开某人玩笑” or “捉弄某人” is ______________．36．If he’d thought I would sit there meek as a ___________ while he abused my family, he must have got a real surprise．37．But this is an odd thing, though he’s impulsive, he’s as stubborn as a _____________．38．When we talk about international affairs, “___________” may be used as the euphemism for a “military action”．39．It has been claimed that the linear development of English texts is caused by the ________ thinking style preferred by English speakers．40．The connective “further” in “My client says he does not know this witness．Further, he denies even having seen her or spoken to her．” indicates a(n) relation between sentences．41．Language is vocal, which means that speech is the of language．42．Of the five categories of gestures are perhaps the most important one because they are intentional behaviours with widely agreed meanings in a society．Ⅳ．Answer the following questions briefly．(12%)43．What is the major contrast between English and Chinese letters of request?44．What is the British equivalent for the American word “schedule”?45．What does the expression “a white elephant” mean?46．What is a future-oriented society?47．Which aspect of English culture does the proverb “an Englishman’s house is his castle”reflect?48．Why are branching sentence patterns preferred in English?Ⅴ．Translation．(16%)49．Would you like some more of this fish?50．Wine ended him．51．Besides football, the most popular games in the United States are baseball and basketball．52．Old-fashioned notions have no place in today’s society．53．The theory of relativity gave birth to an enormous number of ideas in physics．54．敬请光临。

绝密★考试结束前全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试题卷上。

I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and blacken your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20%)1. Language is vocal. This statement means that the primary medium of language is _____.A. writingB. speechC. body languageD. native language2. A person who cannot read or write is only an “illiterate”. However, a person who cannot speak is normally regarded as“disabled”. This fa ct shows _____.A. speech existed long before the writing system came into beingB. normal children always learn to speak firstC. speech is more important than writing for people’s daily lifeD. written symbols are designed to represent speech3. “Statesman” and “politician” can both be used to refer to a high gover nment official. “Politician” conveys a derogative meaning while “statesman” does not. In this sense, the two words are mainly distinguished by their _____ meaning.A. conceptualB. connotativeC. socialD. affective4. Which of the following pairs of English expressions and their Chinese equivalents is NOT correct?A. house-warming—房屋供暖B. wall clock—挂钟C. stop watch—跑表D. contact lenses—隐形眼镜5. In which sentence does “it” function on ly as a grammatical subject and not refer to anything?Sentence 1: It is raining.Sentence 2: It is 9:00 o ’clock.Sentence 3: It is very cold.Sentence 4: It is my book.A. Sentence 1,2B. Sentence 3,4C. Sentence 1,2,3D. Sentence 2,3,46. How many morphemes are there in the word “international”?7. You invite your English speaking friend to have dinner in your house. When he compliments that the food is very tasty, your response might be “_____”.A. No, it’s not good at all.B. Thank you. I’m glad you like it.C. You are so nice to say so.D. My cooking is poor.8. “Excuse me” can be used in the following occasions EXCEPT _____.A. when people want to pass in front of othersB. when people want to leave a partyC. when people are a few minutes late for an appointmentD. when people want to excuse themselves from company9. “Red tape” means _____.A. a red cassetteB. the rigid unnecessary official rules and regulationsC. the necessary official rules and regulationsD. a red string10. The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴” canbe“ _____”.A. rats desert a sinking shipB. a small leak will sink a great shipC. he that would sail without danger must never come on the main seaD. let another’s shipwreck be your seamark11. What does the expression “a blue fit” mean in informal English?A. a girl’s dressB. alarmC. unhappy feelingsD. a sad day12. What is the meaning of “a bear” in “He is a bear at fine arts.”?A. a huge guyB. a wealthy manC. good atD. clumsy13. A Chinese shows respect not only to a superior as his interlocutor. He uses honorifics to refer to his superior no matter whether his superior is present or not. For example, an emperor was called _____ when he was referred to in speeches or letters.A. 殿下B. 皇帝C. 陛下D. 圣上14. Euphemisms are also frequently used in education. If a teacher describes a student as “being able to do better workwith help”, he might mean that the student is _____.A. slowB. lazyC. cheating in classD. lying15. The logical relation the sentences below exhibit is _____.－Are your parents coming to the Expo Sites?－Yes, they are.A. coherenceB. cohesionC. connectionD. conduction16. What is the logical relation of the sentences below?“Tickets, please. ” said the conductor. In a moment passengers were holding out their tickets.A. additiveB. adversativeC. causalD. temporal17. Uranium is the god of _____.A. heavens and father of TitansB. the sea, son of Saturn and brother of JupiterC. agriculture and father of JupiterD. the sky and the king of the gods18. In contemporary legal documents _____ are used thinly.A. loan wordsB. adjectivesC. punctuation marksD. long sentences19. Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger signifies_____ in English speaking countries.A. surpriseB. good luckC. victoryD. frustration20. In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors in interpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligationII. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement and blacken your answer(s) on the ANSWER SHEET. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%) 21. Language is not entirely arbitrary. The words which have association with the sounds or the meaning of the compounds are not arbitrary. Which of the following English or Chinese words are NOT created arbitrarily?A. redB. greenhouseC. 钉子D. 叮当22. Affective meaning is communicated when the feelings or attitudes are expressed in language.Which of the following expressions are chiefly used to convey affective meaning?A. My god!B. It’s my book.C. You are a liar.D. You are a student.23. Which of the following words have more than one morpheme?A. beesB. mapC. herD. nicer24. The personal names related to the date of birth are quite popular in China. Which of the following names can reflect such feature?A. 蒋飞扬B.贾元春C. 蔡国庆D.潘长江25. “To ride one’s high horse” means _____.A. to be proudB. to be haughtyC. to be energeticD. to be arrogant26. “Purple” in English culture is often associated with_____.A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something best27. Which of the following is the euphemism of “poor”?A. needyB. underprivilegedC. shabbyD. disadvantaged28. In the normal text sentences are connected _____.A. arbitrarilyB. hypotacticallyC. paratacticallyD. randomly29. Regulators, which help us to interact with other people, include _____.A. head-scratchingB. hand gesturesC. lip-bitingD. head nods30. Human beings have a strong sense of territory and their territories can be classified into the following categories _____.A. privateB. publicC. primaryD. secondary非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

全国2010年10月自学考试语言与文化试题(总分：100.00，做题时间：150分钟)一、课程代码：00838 (总题数：20，分数：20.00)1. Language is ______ in that it is rule governed. ( )（分数：1.00）A.arbitraryB.vocalC.systematic √D.human解析：2.In its narrow sense “culture” can be defined as ______ of a population. ( )（分数：1.00）A.conceptsB.lifeway √C.behavioural patternsD.social institutions解析：3.______ meaning is communicated when the feelings or attitudes of language users are expressed. ( )（分数：1.00）A.Affective √B.ReflectedC.CollocativeD.Conceptual解析：4.______ is a ship in which a group of British Puritans sailed to America in 1620. ( )（分数：1.00）A.The Revolutionary WarB.Christmas RoseC.CowboyD.The May Flower √解析：5. “He graduated from English Department, Beijing University.” illustrates the fact that English differs from Chinese in ______ .( )（分数：1.00）A.branching sentence pattemsB.paratactic relationsC.word order √D.number and case解析：6.The word “for” in “it must be snowing, for it is so bright outside.” shows that English is a(n) ______ language. ( )（分数：1.00）A.object prominentB.hypotactic √C.SOVD.analytic7.______ are used to address others to draw their attention. ( )（分数：1.00）A.ResponsesB.Vocatives √C.FarewellsD.Introductions解析：8.Which of the following is used when one fails to catch what the speaker has said? ( ) （分数：1.00）A.Excuse me.B.I'm sorry.C.Keep nodding.D.I beg your pardon. √解析：9.______ are implied or indirect references. ( )（分数：1.00）A.Nonverbal signsB.IdiomsC.Allusions √D.Phrasal verbs解析：10.The proverb "God help those who help themselves" is related to ______. ( )（分数：1.00）A.Christianity √B.literary worksC.geographyD.navigation解析：11.______ is a direct comparison between two or more unlike things, normally introduced by "like" or "as". ( )（分数：1.00）A.A metaphorB.A proverbC.A simile √D.An idiom解析：12.“黑面包” can be translated into ( )（分数：1.00）A.brown bread √B.dark breadC.black breadD.red bread解析：13.Honorifics are defined by Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary as a class of grammatical forms used in speaking to or about a social ______. ( )（分数：1.00）A.inferiorB.superior √D.equivalent解析：14. In the United States, the black people are often referred to as ______ in which the colour of their skin that caused them troubles and sufferings is NOT mentioned in English euphemisms. （）（分数：1.00）A.niggersB.negroesC.the blackD.African Americans √解析：15.John does well in school. Furthermore, he takes an active part in the social work. The logical relationship between the above sentences is ______. ( )（分数：1.00）A.additive √B.adversativeC.causalD.temporal解析：16.In English letters, the date is put ______. ( )（分数：1.00）A.at the top right cornerB.below the receiver's addressC.at the upper left corner √D.above the signature解析：17.Venus is the Roman god of ______. ( )（分数：1.00）A.the departed spiritsB.agricultureC.beauty and love √D.the sea解析：18.British English is spoken in ______. ( )（分数：1.00）A.Great BritainB.AustraliaC.New ZealandD.All of the above √解析：19.All the planets in solar system EXCEPT ______ got their names from Greeo-Roman mythology. ( ) （分数：1.00）A.Earth √B.MarsC.JupiterD.Pluto解析：20.The word in British English for “电车” is ______. ( )（分数：1.00）A.motor carB.engineC.tram √D.tube解析：二、II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)(总题数：10，分数：10.00)21. In English culture the general rule is to introduce ______. ( )（分数：1.00）A.a young person to an older one √B.a man to a woman √C.an inferior to a superior √D.the host to the guest解析：22.God, as an interjection, can be used to express ______. ( )（分数：1.00）A.satisfactionB.impatience √C.doubt √D.hesitation解析：23.English has kinship terms and distinguishes some characteristics in relatives, including ______. ( )（分数：1.00）A.blood relationship √B.seniorityC.generation √D.sex √解析：24.An American professor has prepared a letter of recommendation for his student, and his student is expected to say “______”. ( )（分数：1.00）A.Thank you very much √B.I feel so sorry that it has taken you so much timeC.I feel so sorry that it has caused you so much troubleD.I really appreciate your help √解析：25.Which of the following proverbs are related to navigation? ( )（分数：1.00）A.Great men are not always wise.B.An Englishman's house is his castle.C.Many drops of water will sink the ship. √D.The good seaman is known in bad weather. √解析：26. The red colour is usually associated with ______ in both English speaking countries and China. ( )（分数：1.00）A.purityB.envyC.celebrations √D.joyful occasions √解析：27.A Chinese shows respect not only to a superior as his interlocutor. He uses honofifics to refer to his superior ______. ( )（分数：1.00）A.when his superior is present √B.when his superior is not present √C.when his superior knows he is mentionedD.when his superior does not know he is mentioned解析：28.If the sentences in a text are connected by ______ means, we say that they exhibit cohesion. ( )（分数：1.00）A.grammatical √B.phoneticC.lexical √D.meaningless解析：29.In English-speaking countries, ______ are frequently advertised. ( )（分数：1.00）A.medicinesB.domestic service √C.sexual service √D.cigarette解析：30.Which of the following brand names are named after their designers or manufacturers? ( ) （分数：1.00）A.Chanel √B.SalemC.RolexD.Ford √解析：三、HI. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)(总题数：10，分数：20.00)31.People now generally agree that language, culture and thought 1, each influencing and shaping the other two.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：interact）解析：32.The kinship terms "grandfather", "grandmother", "grandson", "granddaughter" and others show that the distinction between 1 and maternal relatives is often ignored in English.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：patemal）解析：33. Relative clauses in English are called 1 when modification and word order are discussed. （分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：postmodifiers）解析：34. In business English, "in the 1" is equivalent to running a business profitably.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：black）解析：35. Usually the person who answers the telephone ends the conversation over the 1 with "Thank you for calling".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：telephone）解析：36.A 1 is a brief familiar maxim of folk wisdom, usually compressed in form, often involving a bold image and frequently a jingle that catches the memory.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：proverb）解析：37.Terms of humility are used to show the speaker's 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：modesty）解析：38.Text refers to any piece of spoken or written language, which expresses a complete 1. （分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：meaning）解析：39.The word in American English for “电梯” is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：elevator）解析：40.In English 1 is often used metaphorically to refer to a formidably fierce, cruel person, especially a woman.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：dragon）解析：四、IV.Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)(总题数：4，分数：12.00)41.Why do we say that culture is a historical phenomenon?（分数：3.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案： )解析：42.How do speakers of English view dogs?（分数：3.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案： )解析：43.What does the short term EST stand for?（分数：3.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案： )解析：44.What is the definition of the word ADVERTISING?（分数：3.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案： )解析：五、V. Translation. (18 %)(总题数：6，分数：18.00)45.Strike while the iron is hot.（分数：3.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案： )解析：46.Please give us your comments.（分数：3.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案： )解析：47.If there is any inappropriacy in my manuscript, please feel free to change it.（分数：3.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案： )解析：48.他壮得像头牛。

全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838第一部分选择题（共30分）I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read eachstatement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1.A cold dish of raw vegetables with a dressing is called _____.A. hamburgerB. sandwichC. saladD. pudding2.All languages have _____ terms and distinguish at least three characteristics in relatives.A. generationB. subtleC. complicatedD. kinship3.English speakers are direct people who tend to _____.A. locate peripheral meaning before central meaningB. locate central meaning before central meaningC. locate the modified after the modifierD. think holistically4.In English all the prefixes are _____ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. grammaticalC. derivationalD. implicit5.Which of the following statements is not true?A. English speakers have a relatively small range of possibilities to select from when naming theirnewly born babies.B. English surnames are more distinctive than given names.C. English given names are more distinctive than surnames.D. Names include given names, surnames, full names and nicknames or pet names.6.If an English speaker refuses the compliment which merely comes out of politeness, he may say _____.A.“Do you really think so?”B.“Oh, I wish it could be true.”C.“Oh, you are too polite.”D.“No, I don’t think so.”7.“To make a cat laugh”means _____.A. to be comicB. to be tragicC. to be proudD. to be serious8.The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴”can be “_____”.A. Rats desert a sinking shipB.A small leak will sink a great shipC. He that would sail without danger must never come on the main sea1D. Let another’s shipwreck be your seamark9.“Green”connotes _____ in English culture.A. ProsperityB. immaturityC. longevityD. sincerity10.“Brown paper”corresponds to _____.A.棕色纸B.秘密文件C.揭露社会黑暗的报纸D.牛皮纸11.The English equivalent for “空袭紧急警报”is _____.A. blue alertB. white alertC. red alertD. black alert12.“Sanitary engineer”is the euphemistic expression for “_____”.A. garbage collectorB. cleanerC. plumberD. gardener13.“敬请指正”can be treated as the Chinese equivalent of “_____”in English.A. I’d like to have your comments.B. Will you please point out my errors?C. I’d like to have errors correctedD. I’ll gratefully expect your comments.14.When the speaker or writer discusses many things indirectly related to the central idea of thetext and /or to each other he or she develops the text in a(n) _____ fashion.A .linear B. spiralC. inductiveD. deductive15.The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is thepronunciation of _____ in words.A. rB. aC. whD. er16.The first _____ made in 449 B.C. had strong impact on the laws made later in most Europeancountries.A. Roman lawB. Napoleonic CodeC. French lawD. British law17.The distance zone ranging from 4 inches to about 8 feet is referred so as the _____ zone.A. publicB. intimateC. socio-consultativeD. casual-personal18.Raising one’s open hand with palm down to one’s throat means “_____”in English culture.A. Shame on youB. I’m fullC. Kill yourselfD. You’re shorter than I19.In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors ininterpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligation20.The brand name _____ is neutral or positive in meaning in Chinese culture but pejorative inEnglish culture?2A.青岛啤酒B.白象牌电池C.泸洲老窖D.菊花电扇II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21._____ are some important properties of language.A. UnsystematicB. Human specificC. VocalD. A set of symbols22.In the expression “to meet one’s Waterloo”,the word “Waterloo”alludes to _____.A. a great victoryB. an achievementC. a final defeatD. a difficult or obstacle23.The English brand names _____ are coinages.A. TraneB. PlaytexC. PierreD. Cartan24.The word “woman”can be defined conceptually as _____.A. an adult femaleB. prone to tearsC. long hair wearingD. biped25.“Purple”in English culture is often associated with _____.A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something best26._____ are usually taboo topics in conversations between strangers in English culutre.A. Age and incomeB. Love and marriageC. Political and religious beliefsD. Personal opinions about daily affairs27._____ is onomatopoeic words.A. SquealB. MurmurC. RushD. Click28.When you respond to the compliment “You look very nice in this dress”,you should say“_____”.A. Thank you.B. No, I don’t think so at all.C. Do you really think so? I was not sure whether it suits me.D. It’s very kind of you to say so.29._____ serve the function of substitution.A. Saying louder than usual to emphasize a verbal messageB. Pausing before saying something importantC. Waving goodbyeD. Beckoning another person to come30.A “slow”student may be euphemistically referred to as “_____”.A. a mentally retarded student3B. one who is working at his/her own levelC. one who can do better work with helpD. a problem student第二部分非选择题(共70分)III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31.The invisible, portable space that surrounds us is referred to as _____ space.32._____ thinking interacts with English, while holistic thinking interacts with Chinese.33.“Pay one’s debt to nature”is the euphemism for _____.34.The English equivalent of “寒舍”is _____.35.In an English paragraph the sentence representing the central idea is referred to as _____ andoften located at the initial part of the paragraph.36.It is safe to say that Chinese advertising as a whole tends to be more _____ than Englishadvertising.37.Since language represents thought, it is _____ by thought.38.It is generally true that an English word may represent a _____ or associative meaning differentfrom that of its translation equivalent in Chinese.39.The English functional equivalent for “敬请光临”is _____.40.The English proverbial equivalent for “金无足赤，人无完人”is _____.41.The English expression _____ is equivalent to “秃子头上的虱子——明摆着”in China.42._____ refers to a kind of journalism with heavy emphasis on scandals, or resenting ordinarynews in a sensational manner.IV. Answer the following questions briefly:(12%)43.What is the English equivalent for “黑信”?44.What is the British equivalent for the American word “raincoat”?45.What is the major difference between English and Chinese descriptive texts in style?46.Why is it said that English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language?47.How hitchhiking is symbolized in English culture?48.What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese titles in vocatives?V. Translation:(16%)49.He breathed his last during the night.50.Those born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.51.The greatest artist of the first half of this century has long last gone the way of all flesh.52.A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.53.为金钱而侍奉上帝的人会为更多的报酬服侍魔鬼。