浙江自考语言与文化试卷及答案解析.doc

浙江省2018年4月自考语言与文化试题课程代码：10058I.Multiple-choice(30%)Directions: Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.1. The relation between language, thought and culture is that ______.A. the three aspects interact, each influencing and shaping the other twoB. culture most influences the other twoC. language most dominates the other twoD. thought most influences the other two2. In English, “sdylh”is not a possible word and “green made he”is not an acceptable sentence. It proves that language is ______.A. arbitraryB. systematicC. symbolicD. vocal3. Body language normally includes ______.A. gesturesB. gestures, facial expression, distance held between interlocutorsC. facial expressionD. distance held between interlocutors4. The word “woman”can be defined conceptually as an adult female who is biped and has a womb. The other features such as “gregarious”, “subject to instinct”, “long hair wearing”are its ______ meaning.A. conceptualB. affectiveC. connotativeD. collocative5. In the U. S.A., the fourth Thursday in November, set apart for recalling the goodness of God, is called ______.A. Boxing DayB. ThanksgivingC. EasterD. St. Valentine’s Day6. A bun or bread roll containing fried or grilled steak is called______.A. hot dogB. puddingC. hamburgerD. sandwich7. “Attain”, “acquire”, and “obtain”came from ______.A. FrenchB. English originC. Old NorseD. Latin8. In English ______ are derivational morphemes.A. all the prefixesB. all the suffixesC. those phrases that represent the grammatical categoriesD. those word endings represented the grammatical categories9. If a student wants to express his gratitude for professor’s help, he can say ______.A.I am so sorry I am wasting your timeB.I hope I didn’t disturb youC. Don’t you mind I disturb you?D. Thank you so much. I really appreciate your help10. In English speaking countries you usually introduce ______, not the other way around.A. a man to a womanB. a woman to a womanC. an old man to a young womanD. an old woman to a young man11. When you want to compliment the new coat John wears you can say ______.A. “That’s a very nice coat．It must be very expensive”B.“You look much more beautiful in this coat”C.“How much did you pay for this coat?”D.“You look lovely in this coat，who bought it for you?”12. “A working party was set up to look into the problem”. Here “look into”means ______.A. to settleB. to deal withC. to investigateD. to face13. “To keep one’s nose to the grindstone”is the same meaning with ______.A. to continue working hardB. to do something very carefullyC. to look for something smallD. to feel very tired14. “Milk and water”means ______.A. something drinkableB. something that is inoffensive but feebleC. something in complete harmonyD. complete understanding between friends15. The proverb “each cross hath its own inscription”is related to ______.A. the history of EnglandB. individualismC. ChristianityD. Bible16. A woman of breathtaking beauty can be referred to as a ______.A. JulietB. CinderellaC. CleopatraD. Miss Right17. “To kick off”derived from ______.A. baseballB. soccerC. boxingD. card games18. “A Pandora’s box”derived from the box sent by the Gods to Pandora refers to a present or something______.A. which brings happiness but looks uglyB. which seems valuable but brings misfortuneC. which can create anything its owner wantsD. which a bride traditionally gives to a bridegroom19. “______”illustrates the metaphor that ideas are food.A. That is a budding theoryB. Let me put in my two cent’s worthC. There are too many facts here for me to digest them allD. He ran out of ideas20. “Blue blood”means ______.A. humble lineageB. courageous personalityC. timid lineageD. aristocratic lineage21. Which of the following colors is associated with jealousy?A. whiteB. greenC. grayD. blue22. “Sanitation engineers”is an euphemism, referring to ______.A. dustmenB. plumbersC. medical workerD. electricians working in a hospital23. “I’d love to join in. Only I don’t know how to play”demonstrates ______ relation between the two sentences.A. a causalB. a temporalC. an additiveD. an adversative24. English speakers think highly of originality and novelty. As a result, we can find many ______ in English advertising.A. hyperbolesB. homophonesC. punsD. coinages25. The word in American English for “lift”is ______.A. cellB. elevatorC. jailD. bucket26. Which of the following belongs to the American English dialect?A. flatB. autumnC. timetableD. drugstore27. The British English equivalent for “私立学校”is ______.A. public schoolB. council schoolC. private schoolD. grade school28. The distance zone ranging from 8 feet to the limits of one’s vision and hearing is referred to as the ______zone.A. intimateB. casual-personalC. socio-consultativeD. public29. “Stamping one’s foot”signifies ______ in English body language.A. frustrationB. impatienceC. remorseD. irritation30. In English speaking countries smell of ______ is thought to be undesirable.A. perspirationB. creamsC. powdersD. lotionsII.Gap-filling(15%)Directions: Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.1. Federal legislature of the U. S. A. is ______.2. ______ refers to a theatrical act in which a woman removes her clothes in front of the audience.3. A sweet dish typically composed of fruit and flour and fat, boiled or steamed，or of fruit baked with pastry is called ______.4. The English equivalent for “隐形眼镜”is ______.5. ______ is the grammatical morpheme for plurality in Chinese.6. ______ relations refer to constructions whose components are linked in meaning through juxtaposition and punctuation and not through the use of conjunctions.7. “The man ran away when he saw the dog”is an example showing ______ relation.8. ______ refers to paradise, derived from the garden in which Adam and Eve lived.9. “Hancock”signifies ______.10. “Cognitive psychology is still in its infancy”illustrates the metaphor that ideas are ______.11. A white night is simply a ______ night.12. “Chairperson”and “humankind”are too words coined in English to avoid ______.13. ______ is used as an euphemism for “surprise attacks”.14. The word “chowder”is borrowed from ______.15. The word in American English for“pail”is ______.III.Translation (20%)A: Translate the following into Chinese1. Niagara Falls2. a big fish in a small pond3. to kick the bucket4. to be in a family way5. deductive argumentationB: Translate the following into English6. 您有何高见？7. 聪明人不吃眼前亏8.《水浒传》9. 首相10. 寿终正寝IV. Discuss the following topics.(35%)1. What are the topics that are considered by English speakers too personal to talk about?2. What differences are there in eye behaviors between English and Chinese nonverbal communication systems?3. Discuss the word “privacy”and its equivalent in Chinese “隐私”to see the related individualism in bothcultures?。

浙江省2018年4月自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：10058Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which one of the four alternatives best completes the statement (20%).1. The medium of verbal interaction is _____. ( )A. thoughtB. languageC. cultureD. communication2. Such interjections as “aha”, “my God”, “oh”, “dear”are chiefly used to convey _____ meaning. ( )A. affectiveB. reflectedC. socialD. conceptual3. The Chinese name “党生”is related to _____. ( )A. the date of birthB. the place of birthC. historical eventsD. natural phenomena4. The Chinese counterpart for “Busman’s holiday”is _____. ( )A. 公共汽车驾驶员的假日B. 公共汽车乘务员的假日C. 消磨于与日常工作类似之活动的假日D. 公交车日5. English and Chinese advertising differ in what can be advertised. In English _____ cannot be advertised. ( )A. sexual serviceB. domestic serviceC. medicinesD. cigarettes6. “I’m full”is signified in English culture by _____. ( )A. moving quickly his open hand, palm down, across his throatB. a raised open hand, palm forwardC. one or both open hands lightly patting one’s own stomachD. an open hand, palm down, raised to one’s throat17. Cowboy can represent the _____ aspects of culture. ( )A. geographicalB. politicalC. ChristianD. historical8. When you received a gift from your friend on your birthday, normally your response is _____.( )A. “It’s very beautiful, but I already have one.”B. “You may give it to Jane. She will love it.”C. “It’s so nice, I love it. Thank you.”D. “No, thank you. For it costs you too much.”9. “to kick the bucket”is often associated with _____. ( )A. to get into a temperB. to dieC. to have bad luckD. to go to bed10. “That idea went out of style years ago”illustrates the metaphor that ideas are _____.( ) A. people B. productsC. commoditiesD. fashion11. “Show no surprise or concern about something unusual that happens”is synonymous to _____. ( )A. cast your eye overB. keep an eye out forC. turn a blind eyeD. not to bat an eyelid12. “White room”corresponds to _____. ( )A. 白色的房间B. 病房C. 空房D. 绝尘室13. A Don Quixote represents _____. ( )A. a captivating man known as a great lover or seducer of womenB. an idealistic and impractical personC. a meek person who submits to indignities and sufferings without any thought of act ofrebellingD. a handsome young man, passionate, dashing, who has a way with woman14. “The weather cleared just as the party approached the summit. Until then they had seen2nothing of the panorama around them.”demonstrates _____ relation between the two sentences. ( )A. a temporalB. a causalC. an adversativeD. an additive15. “She drives me out of my mind”is a metaphorical expression about love is _____.( ) A. a physical force B. madnessC. magicD. patient16. It has been claimed that English texts develop _____. ( )A. in a spiral wayB. in a linear fashionC. in a flowery styleD. in a way of much uses of hyperboles17. “A black day”is a day _____. ( )A. when something sad or disastrous happensB. when something remarkable and usually pleasurable happensC. when something should be rememberedD. when there is no moon or sun18. The word in American English for “staff”is _____. ( )A. stuffB. facultyC. teacherD. employee19. _____ relations refer to constructions whose components are linked in meaning through juxtaposition and punctuation/intonation and not through the use of conjunctions. ( ) A. logical B. hypotacticC. paratacticD. hypocritical20. The distance zone ranging from touching to 18 inches is referred to as the _____ zone.( ) A. intimate B. casual-personalC. socio-consultativeD. publicⅡ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)31. Culture is a _____ phenomenon. ( )A. systematicB. socialC. nationalD. historical2. _____ are facilities where people get served without having to leave their cars. ( )A. Drive insB. MotelsC. HotelsD. Diners3. Possible answers to the question “Have they never invited you home?”could be _____.( ) A. Yes, they have never. B. No, they have never.C. Yes, they have.D. No, they have.4. Michael Stone is a professor, so it is quite common for his students to call him _____.( ) A. Michael B. Professor StoneC. Michael StoneD. Professor Michael5. In English culture “pink”can be associated with _____. ( )A. something bestB. something unpleasantC. womenD. dismal6. Words pejorative in meaning in English but positive or neutral in Chinese are _____.( ) A. propaganda B. dragonC. comradeD. peasant7. V ocatives normally include _____, epithets, etc. ( )A. greetingsB. standard appellativesC. terms for occupationsD. names8. “To throw in the sponge”_____. ( )A. derives from baseballB. means “abandon a struggle or contest”C. derives from boxingD. means “acknowledge defeat”9. When people are introduced to others, they often say to each other, “_____”. ( )A. How are you?B. How do you do?C. How have you been?D. Nice to meet / know you.410. If someone says, “What a big house you’ve got”, the complimented might respond, “_____”.( )A. Thank you. It’s quite big.B. Thank you, I was lucky to be able to get it.C. Thank you, but I think it’s not as big as yours.D. Oh, you really think so?Ⅲ. Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (24%)1. ___________ is a collection of religious books comprising the Old Testament and New Testament.2. The British English equivalent for “check”is ___________.3. English pronouns are marked for four cases: ___________, objective, genitive determinative and genitive independent.4. “保持一身清白”corresponds to “___________”in English.5. ___________ is a book with the telephone numbers of different shops, restaurants, business, organizations, etc.6. “Homer sometimes nods.”can be translated into “___________”in Chinese.7. In its broad sense culture is the attributes of man, and it is also called “large C culture”or “___________ culture”.8. The English equivalent for “黄道吉日”is ___________.9. Beautician is an euphemism, referring to ___________.10. It is generally accepted that at the sentential level ___________ relations are observed far more frequently in English than in Chinese.11. The Chinese equivalent for “Wester”is ___________.12. Through the study of psychological time, three psychological orientations have emerged: the past, ___________, and future.Ⅳ. Translation (16%)A. Translate the following into Chinese. (8%)1. Niagara Falls2. Rats desert a sinking ship.53. totem4. Excuse me, would you tell me the way to the nearest post-office?B. Translate the following into English. (8%)1. 敬请光临2. 趁热打铁3. 五月结婚，悔恨终身4. 红白事Ⅴ. Define the following terms. (10%)1. language2. the present-oriented society3. similes and metaphors4. taboos5. text structuresⅥ. Discuss the following topics. (20%)1. Are “please”in English and “请”in Chinese used in the same way in communication? If they are not, what differences can you find between them?2. What cross-cultural contrast can you find between English and Chinese when naming their children?6。

浙江省2018年10月自学考试语言学概论试题课程代码：10044一、单项选择题(本大题共26小题，每小题1分，共26分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.按“四呼”来给汉语音节中的韵母归类，uan属于( )A.开口呼B.齐齿C.合口呼D.撮口呼2.音素［h］和［f］和的差别是由__________的差别形成的。

( )A.音高B.音重C.音长D.音质3.辅音［f］是( )A.塞音B.擦音C.塞擦音D.边音4．元音［u］具有下列发音特征中( )A.不圆唇元音B.圆唇高元音C.低元音D.前元音5．汉语普通话系统中没有下列发音部位( )A.双唇B.小舌C.唇齿D.舌面前6．英语可以直接用数词修饰名词，汉语数词修饰名词一般要加上一个( )A.量词B.数词C.名词D.代词7.下列各组词中全部属于复合词的一组是( )1A.大学、阿姨B.学习、老虎C.劳动、孟子D.道路、盖儿8.下列各组词中，全部属于单纯词的一组是( )A.花儿、妯娌B.逶迤、菩萨C.袈裟、老虎D.茉莉、木头9.下列各组复合词中属于偏正式的一组是( )A.汉语、雪白、害虫B.司机、丢脸、缺德C.抓紧、改善、纠正D.胆怯、性急、口吃10.“优良”和“优秀”这对近义词的差别主要体现在词义的__________不同。

( )A.范围大小B.强调重点C.程度D.感情色彩11.下列反义词中属于绝对反义词的一组是( )A.有限——无限B.复杂——简单C.困难——容易D.亏本——赢利12.英语动词walk后面加上ed，这种变化属于语法范畴中的__________变化。

( )A.体B.时C.格D.态13.与“组织策划”结构相同的组合是( )A.阳光充足B.调查研究C.已经开始D.在家休息14.下列句子没多义的是( )A.我喜欢打蛋B.我倒了一杯水C.炮架在山上D.在火车上写字15.句子的__________是根据句子的用途和语气分出来的句子类型。

浙江省2018年4月自学考试语言与文化试卷课程代码：10058Ⅰ. Multiple choice (24%)Directions: Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.1. The relationship between language and culture is that ________.( )A. the former determines the latterB. the latter determines the formerC. the two are parallelD. the two interact2. While “handsome woman”and “pretty woman”are both acceptable, they suggest different kinds of attractiveness because of the ________ associations of these two objectives.( ) A. collocative B. affectiveC. connotativeD. thematic3. A young man or young woman who rejects authority, existing institutions and conventional attitudes towards morality, style of dress is called________.( )A. hippieB. knightC. koalaD. poke4. A fortified place occupied only by army or a fortified trading post is called ________.( )A. castleB. fortC. lynchD. terrapin5. Pork, mutton and beef are loan words from ________. ( )A. FrenchB. LatinC. IndianD. English6.English is often referred to as a ________ language because it relies heavily on conjunctions to indicate the relationship between linguistic units. ( )A. paratacticB. branchingC. hypotacticD. linear7. Religious name “John”means ________ in Chinese. ( )A. 上帝是神圣的B. 约翰1C. 上帝的朋友D. 上帝是仁慈的8. “Giles”means ________ in Chinese.( )A. 剑B. 盾C. 剑之王D. 贾尔斯9.In English speaking countries you usually introduce ________, not the other way round.( )A. a woman to a manB. a man to a womanC. an old man to a young womanD. an old woman to a young man10.English speakers usually give small gifts to ________ on his or her birthday.( )A. a new acquaintanceB. a good friendC. a public servantD. a casual friend11.If you look up to someone, you ________ them.( )A. likeB. rebukeC. admireD. disagree12.“To keep one’s nose to the grindstone”is the same meaning with ________.( )A. to continue working hardB. to do something very carefullyC. to look for something smallD. to feel very tired13.“Show no surprise or concern about something unusual that happens”is synonymous to ________.( )A. cast your eye overB. keep an eye out forC. turn a blind eyeD. not to bat an eyelid14.“To keep one’s own company”means ________.( )A. not mixed with others in a friendly or social wayB. to be independentC. to be selfishD. to be egocentric15.“A Damocles sword”refers to ________.( )A. forthcoming dangerB. a beautiful ornamentC. a sword that can bring its owner happiness2D. a sword that can bring its owner disaster16.“I just can’t swallow that claim”illustrates the metaphor that ________.( )A. ideas are peopleB. ideas are foodC. ideas are productsD. ideas are commodities17. “Their marriage is on its last legs”illustrate the metaphor about ________.( )A. love is madnessB. love is a patientC. love is magicD. love is a physical force18. “A green Christmas”refers to ________.( )A. a Christmas with vigor and energyB. a Christmas full of jealousy and envyC. a Christmas without snowD. a Christmas with fruit and vegetables19. “A black mood”refers to ________.( )A. a person always in a good temperB. a fit of depression, bad temper usually temporary, though perhaps recurringC. a person always in a bad temper is due to failD. a dying person who has always a bad temper20. “Blue book”is ________.( )A. a book with a blue coverB. a book with names of well-known persons, especially government officialsC. an important bookD. a book only for children21. “Involuntarily leisured”is a euphemistic expression for ________.( )A. sickB. retiredC. unemployedD. handicapped22.“I was not informed. Otherwise I should have taken some action.”demonstrates ________ relation between the two sentences.( )A. an additiveB. a temporalC. an adversativeD. a causal23.The American English equivalent for “私立学校”is ________.( )3A. public schoolB. council schoolC. private schoolD. grade school24. It has been claimed that ________ are probably the most significant areas of the body for nonverbal communication.( )A. gesturesB. posturesC. facial expressions and eye behaviorsD. body languagesⅡ. Gap-filling (10%)Directions: Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.1.“Language is vocal”means that speech is the primary medium of language while writing is ________.2.The English equivalent for “铁石心肠”is ________.3. The festival celebrated on February 14 is called ________.4. ________ relations refer to constructions whose components are linked in meaning through juxtaposition and punctuation and not through the use of conjunctions.5.The English equivalent for “趁热打铁”is ________.6.One can tell from the sentence “she is missing the boat”that she is ________.7. ________ refers to paradise, derived from the garden in which Adam and Eve fist lived.8.The ________ is a symbol of fear, cowardice or timidity.9.Slender is an euphemism, referring to ________.10.“I didn’t know that you were interested in politics. Neither did I.”demonstrates a(n) ________ relation between the two sentences.Ⅲ. Define the following terms (20%)1.Idiom2.Honorifics3.Deductive argumentation4.Primary territoryⅣ. Translation (16%)1.White Smith2.April Fool’s Day43.To pull somebody’s leg4.The marriage of true minds5.昙花一现6.前车之覆，后车之鉴7.黄道吉日8.苦役Ⅴ. Discuss the following topics (30%)1.What differences do you know between English and Chinese when it comes to ways of addressing strangers?2.Can you explain the reasons why there are more honorifics in Chinese than in English?3.What are “five clocks”? In what situation they should be used?5。

浙江省2018年1月自考语言学概论试题课程代码：10044一、判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）判断下列各题，正确的在题后括号内打“√”，错的打“×”。

1.语言学直到19世纪才成为一门科学，在这之前的语言研究只能称之为“语文学”。

( )2.语言既是一种物质实体，又是一种社会现象。

( )3.语言获得主要是通过有意识的教或学的形式，即所谓直觉习惯和模仿强化等来完成的。

( )4.词的内部语素与语素的组合形式不完全等同于句法结构的形式，即词的构造具有某些特殊类型。

( )5.一般说，前缀在构词中除了改变词的抽象意义外，也往往改变词的词类。

( )6.大脑的语言功能完全是通过后天的学习、训练获得的。

( )7.一部分思维活动完全可以摆脱语言独立进行。

( )8.作为来源语的母语对作为目标语的外语会产生影响，这就叫做“语言迁移”。

( )9.目前汉字输入就已经可以采用语音合成技术。

( )10.文字改革必须要注意解决书面语的历史继承性问题，否则就会割断历史文化传统，引起多数人的反对。

( )二、单项选择题(本大题共14小题，每小题1分，共14分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.关于语言研究，下列说法中不正确的是( )Ａ.语言的研究可以着重于语言的“本体”，重点研究语音、语法、语汇、语义等系统内部的结构规律Ｂ.语言的研究指的就是对于语言和人脑思维之间关系的研究Ｃ.语言的研究可以从不同的角度，采用不同的方式来进行Ｄ.由于研究的范围、目的、方法等等的不同，会形成各种不同的语言学派2.下列说法正确的是( )A.语言符号具有任意性，因此不同的语言符号之间都是独立存在、互不联系的Ｂ.语言是一个系统，这个系统具有相对的封闭性，很少受到外界各种因素的影响C.语素是可以自由运用的最小的语言单位D.无论从语音学还是从语义学的角度来看，语素都是最小的不可再分的单位3.关于语言的组合关系，下列说法中不正确的一项是( )A.组合关系又称句段关系，其实质就是同义词或近义词的组合与替换问题Ｂ.我们通常所说的“词类”，指的就是一种在组合关系中具有相同语法功能的类C.语言单位的组合，只能采取线性的序列形式D.在语链中，在同一位置上出现的语言单位处在共同的组合关系之中，具有共同的句法功能4.普通语言学指的是( )A.语言学研究中的初级阶段B.语言学研究的低级对象C.对人类语言进行一般性研究的科学D.对某一门语言进行普遍而适用的研究的学问5.下列各组辅音中，发音部位相同的一组是( )A.［p］［f］B.［p］［m］C.［t］［p］D.［k］［m］6.下列关于韵律特征的表述中，不正确的一项是( )A.韵律特征指的是语音中除音质特征之外的音高、音长和音强方面的变化。

浙江省2018年7月自考语言与文化试题课程代码：10058请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. Multiple Choice(45%)Directions: Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.1. Language is ______ in that there is no logical relationship between words and the objects these words are used to refer to.A. arbitraryB. symbolicC. vocalD.systematic2. In English“culture" is a loan word from ______.A. DutchB. FrenchC. SpanishD. Latin3. The medium of verbal interaction is ______.A. thoughtB. languageC. cultureD. communication4. The chief Christian feast on the first Sunday after the full noon that comes after the spring equinox is called ______.A. EasterB. St. Valentine’s DayC. Thanksgiving DayD. Boxing Day5. Connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning and collocative can be brought together under the heading ______ meaning.A. thematicB. associativeC. peripheralD. conceptual6. Such interjections as “aha”, “my God”, “oh”, “dear”are chiefly used to convey ______ meaning.A. collocativeB. affectiveC. thematicD. connotative7. In English culture young, middle-aged and old often correspond to ______.A. 18,40,60B. 18,30,50C. 18,35,55D. 18,45,658. Which of the following is considered an appropriate form of address in English culture?A. Director SmithB. Mayor BushC. Teacher JonesD. Manager Li9. “Goodbye”is derived from the expression______.A. “Good luck for you”B. “God bless you”C. “God be with you”D. “Looking forward to seeing you again”10. ______ can be said as a reply to thanks.A. It’s my dutyB. It’s my jobC. Nothing for thatD. You’re welcome11. When an English speaker picks up the phone，normally he would say ______.A. Hello，this is Mary speaking. Who is calling?B. Will you please tell me who you are?C. Will you please tell me whom you would like to speak to?D. Who are you?12. Which of the following reflects social amenities in English-speaking countries?A. Walk slowly, please.B. It’s my duty to help you.C. No. No. That’s not true.D. You’ve got a hard job.13. English idiom “look about”corresponds in meaning to ______ from French.A. seekB. despiseC. thinkD. examine14. When an Englishman says “I was only pulling your leg”he means: ______.A. I was only warning youB. I was only trying to prevent you from making progressC. I was only jokingD. I was only asking you for help15. “To make one’s flesh creep”means ______.A. to show no alarmB. to make surpriseC. to cause one to feel fearD. to make one uncomfortable16. A person who submits to indignities and sufferings without any thought or act of rebelling can be referred to as ______.A. a HamletB. a ShylockC. an Uncle TomD. a Frankenstein17. “To throw in the sponge”derived from______.A. card gamesB. boxingC. baseballD. football18. “I’m insane about her”illustrates the metaphor that ______.A. love is magicB. love is a patientC. love is madnessD. love is war19. “That idea won’t sell”illustrates the metaphor that ______.A. ideas are productsB. ideas are commoditiesC. ideas are moneyD. ideas are resources20. “A white Christmas”refers to ______.A. snow at Christmas timeB. purity at Christmas timeC. innocence at Christmas timeD. nothing done at Christmas time21. “Red rag”conveys roughly the same meaning as “waving a red flag”which means ______.A. doing something that could stop othersB. doing something that could cause other people’s attentionC. doing something that celebrate an event of happinessD. doing something that could cause quick anger in other people22. “Involuntarily leisured”is a euphemistic expression for ______.A. sickB. retiredC. unemployedD. handicapped23. “Chink”and “洋鬼子”are clear cases of ______.A. swear wordsB. sexist languageC. terms of humilityD. verbal taboos24. Deductive argumentation has been related to ______.A. the linear thinking patternB. the branching thinking patternC. deductive reasoningD. direct sentence25. Which style of oral English might be used for conducting most business matters?A. frozenB. formalC. consultativeD. casual26. The word in British English for “faculty”is ______.A. departmentB. stuffC. teacherD. staff27. Which of the following belongs to the British English dialect?A. flatB. candyC. scheduleD. drugstore28. ______ can be viewed as occurring whenever an individual communicates without the use of sounds.A. Nonverbal communicationsB. Facial expressionsC. GesturesD. Postures29. “Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger”signifies ______ in English culture.A. sadnessB. good luckC. respectsD. secrecy30. “I’m full”is signified in English culture by ______.A. an open hand, palm down, raised to one’s throatB. one or both open hands lightly patting one’s own stomachC. a raised open hand, palm forwardD. moving quickly his open hand, palm down, across his throatII. Gap Filling(15%)Directions: Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.1. Margaret Thatcher is a former leader of ______ Party in Great Britain.2. Words such as old，peasant，comrade，do-gooder and propaganda are ______ in meaning in English but positive or neutral in Chinese.3. Dog for male, female and young respectively is ______.4. The English equivalent for“跑表”is ______.5. “Rest room”corresponds to ______ in Chinese.6. The word endings such as “-s”, “-ed”“-ing”and “-er”are called ______.7. The English equivalent for “人不犯我，我不犯人”is ______.8. Holistic thinking interacts with Chinese，thus the ______ sentence pattern can be observed in Chinese.9. The proverb “rats deserts a sinking ship”is related to ______.10. “A Judas”alludes to a ______.11. ______ is something useless, seldom used, or too costly to be worth maintaining.12. The euphemistic expression “to be in a family way”means______.13. The British English equivalent for “ticket office”is ______.14. “Plough”is spelled in American English as ______.15. ______ created the victory gesture.Ⅲ. Translation (20%)A: Translate the following into Chinese1. a black sheep2. Man proposes, God disposes3. to put one’s foot in one’s mouth4. Continental Congress5. the marriage of true mindsB: Translate the following into English6. 捧腹大笑7. 一见钟情8. 英联邦国家9. 智者千虑，必有一失10. 敬请指正Ⅳ. Discuss the following topics. (20%)1. Can you explain the reasons why there are more honorifics in Chinese than in English?2. List several proverbs to discuss individualism in English culture.3. Why is it said that English is a language with explicit grammar and Chinese a language with implicit grammar? Discuss this linguistic contrast in relation to English and Chinese cultures.。

浙江省2018年10月自学考试语言学概论试题课程代码：10044一、判断题(判断下列各题，正确的在题后括号内打“√”，错的打“×”。

每小题1分，共10分)1. 语言符号的主要特点是任意性和线条性。

( )2. 元音和辅音的最重要的区别是有无气流呼出。

( )3. 成语和惯用语的结构限制比较严格，组成成分既不能变动也不能拆开。

( )4. 语法规则既然是一种直觉知识和约定习惯，所以语法规则是不会改变的，如古代汉语和现代汉语的语法完全一样。

( )5. good/better/best这种形容词级的变化用的是屈折手段。

( )6. “忽然”和“突然”一样都是形容词。

( )7. “精良—粗劣”、“严寒—炎热”是绝对反义词。

( )8. 所有的自源文字都既有意符，又有音符。

( )9. 文字演变的一般趋势是线条化和简化。

( )10. 语言成分的借用最常见最突出的是词语的借用。

( )二、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。

每小题2分，共20分)1. 普通语言学从理论上讲是研究( )A. 个别民族语言的特殊规律B. 人类各种语言一般的共同规律C. 汉语普通话的发展规律D. 几种民族语言的一般与个别的规律2. 声调决定于( )A. 音高B. 音强C. 音长D. 音质3. 辅音［ｔ］是( )A. 塞音B. 擦音C. 塞擦音D. 边音4. 舌面后半高圆唇元音是( )A. ［ｙ］B. ［ｅ］C. ［ｕ］D. ［o］5. 英语working中的［-ing］是( )A. 构形语素B. 构词语素C. 词根语素D. 虚词语素6. “理发”是一个( )A. 语素B. 句子C. 词组D. 离合词7. 由语法形式表达的语义叫做( )A. 理性意义B. 非理性意义C. 语法意义D. 词汇意义8. 人们在反映客观现象的同时，还可能表现出对该现象的主观态度，从而在词的理性意义上增加了一层附加色彩，这种色彩是( )A. 感情色彩B. 语体色彩C. 形象色彩D. 音响色彩9. “我吃光了盘子里的菜”这句话中，“光”的语义指向是( )A. 我B. 吃C. 盘子里的菜D. 盘子10. 希腊文是( )A. 音位文字B. 辅音文字C. 音节文字D. 表意文字三、分析题(每小题10分，共20分)1. 指出下列名词中的词根、词缀、词尾。

浙江省2018年7月自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：10058I. Multiple Choice (24%)Directions: Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.1．The first anthropological definition of culture was offered by the British scholar( ) A. Edward B. Tylor B. Howard Lee NostrandC. George MurdockD. Nelson Brooks2．A hot, freshly cooked sausage sandwiched in a split roll of bread is( ) A. Hot dog B. SandwichC. HamburgerD. Pudding3．Facilities where people get served without having to leave their cars is called( ) A. drive-ins B. motelsC. dinersD. hotels4．“Disinterested”corresponds to ( )A. 公正的B. 不感兴趣的C. 讨厌的D. 无聊的5.The first week day after Christmas，a legal holiday in England is called( ) A. Thanksgiving Day B. Boxing DayC. EasterD. Anzac Day6. Deductive argumentation has been related to ( )A. the linear thinking patternB. the branching thinking patternC. paratactic featuresD. direct personality7．“Laura”means ( )in Chinese.A. 月桂B. 劳拉C. 常青藤D. 百合8．“Henry”means ( ) in Chinese.A. 亨利B. 快乐C. 勇敢D. 家庭统治者9．( )can be said as a reply to thanks.A.“ It’s my duty”.B. “It’s my job”.C. “Nothing for that”.D. “You’re welcome”.10．When your English hostess asks you “would you like some more of this dish?”, your answer should be ( ) if you want.A.“Yes, please”.B. “Thank you”.C. “Yes, thank you”.D. “OK”.11．“My knee only hurts when I dance, that’s because I have two left feet”. The last sentence means ( )A. that’s because I have to be independentB. that’s because I have recove red after an illnessC. that’s because I dance swiftlyD. that’s because I am too clumsy12．“To make a cat laugh”is synonymous to ( )A. to be specially ludicrousB. to cause one to feel loathingC. to make a jokeD. to create a wonder13．“To keep one’s nose clean”is the same meaning with ( )A. to keep out of troubleB. to be fond of cleannessC. to separate from othersD. to feel fresh air14．“From whipping post to pillory”is related to( )A. individualismB. English literatureC. the history of EnglandD. Bible15．“Hit and run”derived from( )A. baseballB. footballC. horse racingD. boxing16. “That idea won’t sell” illustrates the metaphor that( )A. ideas are productsB. ideas are commoditiesC. ideas are moneyD. ideas are resources17. “Waving a red flag” means ( )A. doing something that could stop othersB. doing something that could cause other people’s attentionC. doing something that celebrates an event of happinessD. doing something that could cause quick anger in other people18. “A black spot” is a place ( )A. where unpleasant things occur regularly and without chance of improvementB. where everything is decorated in black colorC. where people use to honor something or somebodyD. where people are due to have bad fortune19. The Chinese equivalent for “blue film” is( )A. 伤感电影B. 黄色电影C. 蓝色电影D. 暴力电影20. “Red blooded” corresponds to ( )A. 精力充沛的B. 现行犯的C. 共产党人的D. 红色政权的21. “( ) ” can be got as a reply when you ask an English speaker questions such as “how old are you?”, etc.A. None of your businessB. I’m afraid I can’t tell youC. I’m thirty, thank youD. I’m sorry I don’t remember22．It is often said that Chinese learners of English speak( ) English because they learn it mainly through reading.A. bookishB. excellentC. standardD. common23．In American English “cookie”is a loan word from Dutch, meaning ( ) in Chinese.A. 炊具B. 厨师C. 曲奇饼干D. 厨房24. “Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger” signifies() in English speaking countries.A. good luckB. sadnessC. respectsD. secrecyII. Gap-filling (10%)Directions: Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.1．There are more than four hundred words for camel in Arabic while there is only one word for it in English or Chinese. It reflects such fact that language is strongly influenced and shaped by _______ .2．The Federal legislature of the USA is_______ .3．The word in British English for “corn”is _______ .4．The contrast between grammatical explicitness in English and grammatical implicitness in Chinese may bebrought about by different _______ traditions of English speaking countries and China.5．English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a _______ language.6．_______ refers to a meek person who submits to indignities and sufferings without any thought or act of rebelling.7．The English equivalent for “对牛弹琴”is “_______ ”.8．The English equivalent for “黑货”is “_______ ”.9．“_______”refers to a strike breaker, someone who accepts work in place of strikers.10．The English speakers who expect a text to be developed_______ may find it difficult to follow a spirally developed text.III. Define the following terms (20%)1．Individualism2．Taboos3．Coherence and cohesion4．Public territoryIV. Translation (16%)1．Red hunter2．Orthodox Eastern Church3．A marriage of convenience4．Even reckoning makes long friends.5．智者千虑，必有一失6．红茶7．白手起家的人8．白菜V.Discuss the following topics (30%)1．How do English speakers bid farewell to one another? What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese farewell?2．What are the English euphemisms for “lavatory”?3．How do you understand the statement that English speakers prefer deductive argumentation while Chinese speakers prefer inductive argumentation when producing argumentative texts?。

浙江省2018年1月自学考试语言学概论试题课程代码：10044一、判断题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内打“√”，错的打“╳”。

每小题1分，共10分)1.语言是民族的重要标志也是最可靠的标志。

( )2.语音本质上是一种社会现象。

( )3.音强变化在许多语言中有区别意义的作用。

( )4.舌面元音的音质差别是由口腔的不同形状决定的。

( )5.根据词的音节数量，汉语的词一般分成单纯词和合成词。

( )6.所有的语法规则都是互相联系着共同起作用的。

( )7.语言诸要素语音、语汇、语法中，语音发展变化最快。

( )8.语调是任何一种语言都有的语法手段。

( )9.“觉得不舒服”和“睡得不舒服”结构相同。

( )10.已知的所有自源文字都是意音文字、词语文字。

( )二、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。

每小题2分，共26分)1.普通话音节zhi中的元音i是( )。

A.舌面前元音B.舌面后元音C.舌尖前元音D.舌尖后元音2.辅音［s］和［x］的区别是( )。

A.送气与否B.清音和浊音C.擦音和塞擦音D.发音部位不同3.［k］是( )。

A.塞音B.擦音C.鼻音D.塞擦音4.前低不圆唇元音是( )。

A.［e］B.［u］C.［a］D.［o］5.造成现代汉语词的音形关系复杂的原因有( )。

A.语音偶合B.历史音变C.词义分化D.以上都是6.语法规则的“递归性”是指( )。

A.相同的规则可以在一个结构里重复使用B.语法规则可以相互推导和解释C.语法规则的变化过程十分缓慢D.对语言成分和结构进行类的概括7.汉语普通话中“啊”的音变属于语流音变中的( )。

A.同化B.异化C.脱落D.加音8.汉字“末”属于下列哪一种造字法( )。

A.象形B.指事C.会意D.形声9.我国解放前的“洋泾浜语”是语言的( )。

A.借用B.双语现象C.转用D.混合10.下列属于意译词的是( )。

浙江省2018年7月高等教育自学考试汉语基础试题课程代码：00416一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。

每小题1分，共12分)1.下列韵母中属后半高圆唇元音的是( )A. oB. eC. êD. u2.下列韵母相同的一组是( )A. ni liB. shi siC. wen renD. you hou3.对下列句子中加点的词的词性判断正确的一项是( )a、账不能这样算法．．。

b、干这种违法．．的勾当害人害己。

c、要取缔非法．．的交易。

A. abc都是名词B. a是名词，b是动词，c是形容词C. a是名词，bc是形容词D. ab是动词，c是形容词4.对下列句子句型判断正确的一项是( )a、无论谁，都得遵纪守法。

b、由于骄傲，他在前进道路上落后了。

c、教学秘书放下电话立即去学校开会。

A.ab是复句，c是主谓句，连谓句B.a是主谓句，动词谓语句，b是复句，c是主谓句，连谓句C.a是主谓句，动词谓语句，b是主谓句，形容词谓语句，c是主谓句，兼语句D.abc都是陈述句5.“深”的本义是( )A.深奥、精微B.深入、精到C.水积厚D.颜色浓6.下列各组汉字不是古今字的一组是( )A.知智B.兑悦C.反返D.说悦7.下列各组汉字中全是形声字的一组是( )A.莫芥藻草B.抬拉扛抵C.杨柏林杲D.江河湖涉8.徐中舒主编的《汉语大字典》是古今兼收的大型字典，共收字( )A.1万多B.3万3千多C.4万多D.5万6千左右9.下列句子中加点的词是( )a、吾见申叔，夫子所谓生．死而肉．骨也。

b、牛山之木尝美矣，以其郊．于大国也，斧斤伐之，可以为美乎?A.a动词的意动用法、名词的意动用法，b名词的使动用法B.a动词的意动用法、名词的意动用法，b名词用于一般动词C.a动词的使动用法、名词的使动用法，b名词用于一般动词D.a动词的使动用法、名词的意动用法，b名词的普通用法10.多义词包括的几个意义中，有一个意义是基本的、最常用的，称为( )A.基本义B.本义C.原始义D.词汇义11.“忘记”这个词中，只有“忘”具有表义作用，“记”的意义已经消失。

浙江省2018 年 4 月自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：10058I . Multiple choice (23%)Directions: Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.1. The medium of verbal interaction is( )A. thought.B. language.C. culture.D. communication.2. “Politician ” and “statesman ” are mainly distinguished by their _n_g_._(___ mean)iA. connotativeB. conceptualC. socialD. reflected3. “Busybody” corresponds to ________ in Chinese. ( )A. 大忙人B. 爱管闲事的人C. 重要人物D. 勤快人4. “ Domicile, residence, home and _____ ” are synonymous to each other, that is, conceptually they refer to the same thing in the real world. ( )A. abodeB. livingC. familyD. household5. Connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning and collocative meaning can bebrought together under the heading _______ meaning.( )A. thematicB. associativeC. peripheralD. conceptual6．Which of the following statements is false?( )A. English is a language governed by strict rules and regulations.B. English speakers enjoy more freedom when speaking or writing in English than Chinese people.C. English grammatical markers are obligatory items.D. English has more explicit grammatical markers that are used obligatorily than Chinese.7. Religious name Chr“istopher ” means ______ in Chinese. ( )A. 基督信徒B. 基督的仆人C. 克里斯多弗D. 基督的礼物8. “ Oscar ” means ___ ___inChinese. )A. 奥斯卡B. 天赐之盾C. 天赐之矛D. 天赐之剑9. “ Good-bye ” is derived from the expression ( )A. Good luck for you.B. God bless you.C. God be with you.D. Looking forward to seeing you again.10. When offering another person to be the first in going through a door getting in a car, the normal expression is ( )A. After you.B. You go first, please.C. Would you like to go first?D. Can you go first, please?11．“ To kick the bucket ” is often associated with ( )A. to get into a temper.B. to die.C. to have bad luck.D. to be impeded.12．“ Put your foot in your mouth ” means( )A. shut up your mouth.B. you know everything about yourself.C. you cause embarrassment by saying something.D. what you say are nonsense.13．“ To ride one 's high horse” means( )A. to be energetic.B. to be haughty.C. to be buoyant.D. to be optimistic.14．“ To know something like the palm of one ' s hand” means ( )A. to understand the nature of something and be competent in the performance of them.B. to understand everything without any questions.C. to understand only something easy.D. to be thoroughly familiar with the nature and details of something.15．“ A Pandora' s box” , derived from the box sent by the Gods to Pandora, refers to a present or something( )A. which brings happiness looks ugly.B. which seems valuable but brings misfortune.C. which can create anything its owner wants.D. which a bride traditionally gives to a bridegroom.16.“All this paper has in it are raw facts, half-baked ideas, and warmed-over commodities ” illustrates the metaphor that( )A. ideas are food.B. ideas are commodities.C. ideas are products.D. ideas are fashions.17. “ I could feel the electricity between us ” is a metaphorical expressio) n about (A. love is a physical force.B. love is madness.C. love is magic.D. love is a patient.18. “A white Christmas ” refers to( )A. snow at Christmas time.B. purity at Christmas time.C. innocence at Christmas time.D. nothing done at Christmas time.19. “A black sheep ” refers to( )A. that member (of a family or other groups) who is thought to be a disgrace to other members.B. that member (of a family or other groups) who is thought to bring bad fortune to other members.C. that member (of a family or other groups) who is thought to bring victory to other members.D. that member (of a family or other groups) who is thought to bring money to other members. 20. “Blue blood ” means( ) A. humble lineage. B. courageous personality.C. timid personality.21．“I'd love to join in. Only I donD. aristocratic lineage.'t know how to play. ” demonstrates ________ relation between the twosentences.( )A. a causalB. a temporalC. an adversativeD. an additive22．The word in American English for “pyjamas” is“ pajamas” , meaning _____ in Chinese.( )A. 侏儒B. 金字塔C. 睡衣D. 预感23. Verbal language requires the use of only one sensory modality: hearing, whereas nonverbal communication requires at least three other sensory modalities: seeing, touching and( )A. smiling.B. smelling.C. talking.n . Gap-filling (10%)D. gesturing.Directions: Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. 1. The fact that no logical connection is found between “ tablean”d the object which it refers to proves that language is . 2．______ r efers to skimming across water on skis while being towed by a motorboat.3. The word in American English for “fall ” is _________________ .4．The word endings such as“ -s” ,“-ed” ,“ -ing ” and“ -er” are called __ morphemes.5．______ r elations refer to constructions whose components are linked through the use of conjunctions.6．“ Falling in love with somebody on the first occasion of seeing ” refers to an English idiom “ _____ ” .7．_______ refers to a captivating man known as a great lover or seducer of women.8．A _____ is a lie that does no harm and is merely more convenient or polite than telling the truth.9．______ i s an euphemism for “ ugly ” .10．At the textual level, _____ relations are observed more frequently in English than in Chinese.III. Define the following terms (20%)1．Idiom2．Honorifics3．Coherence and cohesion4．Nonverbal communicationIV. Translation (16%)1．Puritan2．To split one's sides with laughter3．Blue alert4．Man proposes, God disposes.5．乔迁喜宴6．蝼蚁之穴能溃千里之堤。

最新7月浙江自考语言与文化试题及答案解析浙江省2018年7月自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：10058I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which one of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1. In English, “sdylh”is not a possible word and “green made he”is not an acceptable sentence. It proves that language is ________. ( )A. arbitraryB. systematicC. symbolicD. vocal2. The Chinese equivalent for “Housewarming”is ________. ( )A. 温室效应B. 温暖的房屋C. 乔迁喜宴D. 房屋供暖3. The word in British English for “tire”is ________. ( )A. wheelB. boreC. tyreD. tier4. The English name “Camellia”is related to ________. ( )A. ChristianityB. plantC. weaponD. knowledge5. ________ can represent the geographical aspects of culture. ( )A. KoalaB. CowboyC. QueenD. Hot dog6. If a student wants to express his gratitude for professor’s help, he can say ________. ( )A. “I am so sorry that I am wasting your time.”B. “I hope I didn’t disturb you.”C. “Don’t you mind I disturb you?”D. “Thank you so much. I really appreciate your help.”7. When an Englishman says “I was only pulling your leg”, he means ________. ( )A. I was only trying to prevent you from making progress.B. I was only warning you.C. I was only joking.D. I was only asking you for help.8. The first week day after Christmas, a legal holiday in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa, is called ________. ( )A. Boxing DayB. EasterC. Thanksgiving DayD. St. Valentine’s Day9. “To ride one’s high horse”means ________. ( )A. to be naughtyB. to be energeticC. to be arrogantD. to be optimistic10. “________”illustrates the metaphor that ideas are commodities. ( )A. What he said left a bad taste in my mouth.B. Those ideas died off in the Middle Ages.C. Mathematics has many branches.D. There is always a market for good ideas.11. ________ is a detective or shrewd person who has the uncanny ability to solve any mystery through careful observation, scientific analysis, and logical reasoning. ( )A. RomeoB. ShylockC. Sherlock HolmesD. Napoleon12. It is generally accepted that at the sentential level ________ relations are observed far more frequently in English than in Chinese. ( )A. logicalB. hypotacticC. paratacticD. hypocritical13. “They are uncontrollably attracted to each other”is a metaphorical expression about love is ________. ( )A. a physical forceB. madnessC. magicD. patient14. American and British English are two ________ of the English language. ( )A. formsB. varietiesC. languagesD. speeches15. “He showed no pleasure at hearing the news. Instead he looked even gloomier.”demonstrates ________ relation between the two sentences. ( )A. an adversativeB. a causalC. a temporalD. an additive16. “A white hope”refers to ________. ( )A. a talent person who is thought not likely to bring successB. a talent person who is thought likely to failC. a talent person who is thought likely to bring bad fateD. a talent person who is thought likely to bring success17. “Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger”signifies ________ in English speaking countries. ( )A. secrecyB. sadnessC. respectD. good luck18. “Red handed”corresponds to ________. ( )A. 现行犯的B. 革命党的C. 精力充沛的D. 红色政权的19. ________ style is used for conversations between close friends, colleagues or classmates about topics that are not serious. ( )A. FormalB. ConsultativeC. CasualD. Intimate20. When doctors touch their patients in a physical examination, we call it ________ touch.( ) A. functional-professional B. friendship-warmthC. socio-politeD. love-intimacyII. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)1. In its narrow sense culture is ________. ( )A. the attributes of manB. life way of a populationC. called “academic culture”D. called “anthropological culture”2. Words positive in meaning in English but pejorative or neutral in Chinese are ________.( ) A. aggressive B. self-made manC. individualismD. equalitarianism3. Names include ________, full names, with or without a title. ( )A. titlesB. surnamesC. nicknames or pet namesD. given names4. ________ refers to a person who is too cheap to take hisgirlfriend out so he takes her to his home all the time. ( )A. CouchwarmerB. Ladies’ manC. HippieD. Chauvinist pig5. English pronouns are marked for several cases: ________. ( )A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. genitive determinativeD. genitive independent6. ________ are acceptable forms of address in English. ( )A. Mrs. WhiteB. Mr. JackC. Miss SmithD. Accountant Black7. In English culture “grey”is often associated with ________. ( )A. an old ageB. gloomyC. vigorD. something unpleasant8. “To carry the ball”is an allusion, ________. ( )A. referring to have the main responsibility for getting a task or job doneB. referring to have a very enjoyable timeC. derived from American footballD. derived from rugby9. In English culture the general rule is to introduce ________. ( )A. a man to a womanB. a superior to an inferiorC. the host to the guestD. an individual to a group10. Blue Monday conveys the meaning that ________. ( )A. one is in his sad moodB. one should remember the important dayC. one is in his gloomy moodD. one always has had fortune on that dayIII. Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (24%)1. The leader of the British government is called ________.2. The American English equivalent for “lift”is ________.3. The English equivalent for “做无米之炊”is ________.4. The Chinese equivalent for “cooker”is ________.5. Morphemes can be classified into two categories: inflectional and ________ morphemes.6. It has been claimed that English texts develop ________, while Chinese ones develop in a spiral way.7. “注意言行举止”corresponds to “________”in English.8. All languages have kinship terms and distinguish at least three characteristics in relatives: ________, blood relationship and sex.9. ________ refers to a play in which comic elements are combined with more tragic or absurdly evil ones, with the latter on the whole predominating.10. ________ refers to prejudice or discrimination based on sex, especially, discrimination against women.11. The English equivalent for “杂种狗”is ________.12. Edward Hall suggests that there are three different time systems that might be found in cultures. They are ________, formaland informal time systems.IV. Translation.(16%)A. Translate the following into Chinese. (8%)1. Superior2. Pride goes before a fall.3. high school4. a marriage of convenienceB. Translate the following into English. (8%)1. 拜年2. 北京大学位于中国北京市海淀区颐和园路5号。

浙江省2018年10月自考语言学概论试题课程代码：10044一、判断题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内打“√”，错的打“╳”。

每小题1分，共10分)1.语言符号的任意性指人们可任意采用不同的语言表达意思。

( )2.人类发出的声音就是语音。

( )3.超音段音位也叫非音质音位，包括调位、重位和时位。

( )4.与语音中的音位和音素相似，语汇中也有语素和语素变体的情况。

( )5.语法规则是独立的规则，它和语音、语汇规则不发生联系，是截然分开的。

( )6.词的轻重音只在印欧语系中起作用，汉语中没有这种语法手段。

( )7.三种划分词类的标准中，最适合汉语的是意义标准。

( )8.既然词义是对一定对象的概括反映，那么这种反映当然越精确越好，因此词义只需要具有精确性。

( )9.词义既可以反映物质世界中的对象，也可以反映精神世界中的对象。

( )10.日文的假名是一种音素(音位)文字。

( )二、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。

每小题2分，共20分)1.人类最重要的交际工具是( )。

A.文字B.语音C.语言D.表情等非语言手段2.辅音［ts］是( )。

A.塞音B.擦音C.边音D.塞擦音3.舌面前半高不圆唇元音是( )。

A.［a］B.［e］C.［y］D.［o］4.英语by是( )。

A.词根语素B.虚词语素C.构词语素D.构形语素5.“苜蓿”的“苜”是一个( )。

A.词B.词组C.语素D.音节6.下列词组中属于动补词组的是( )。

A.刚离开B.饿得发呆C.觉得很饿D.他很聪明7.下面几个词语具有书面语体色彩的是( )。

A.脑袋B.搁C.歇D.休憩8.“老王被客客气气地请进了会议室”这句话中，“客客气气地”语义指向是( )。

A.老王B.请C.会议室D.请进了会议室9.阿拉伯文字是( )。

A.辅音文字B.音节文字C.表意文字D.意音文字10.文字起源于( )。

A.图画和契刻B.结绳C.系珠D.契木三、分析题(每小题10分，共20分)1.分析下列合成词的组合关系。

浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838第一部分选择题I.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement (20%).1.The medium of verbal interaction is ( ).A. languageB. thoughtC. cultureD. knowledge2.( )is the first week day after Christmas, a legal holiday in English, Wales, Northern Ireland,New Zealand, Australia and South Africa.A. Thanksgiving DayB. Boxing DayC. St. Valentine's DayD. Anzac Day3.“( )”is the general introduction rule in English culture.A. To introduce the older to the youngerB. To introduce the host to the guestC. To introduce the inferior to the superiorD. To introduce a woman to a man4.( )is a very wise man, the king of the Hebrews around the tenth century B.C. and was well-known for his wisdom.A. A SolomonB. The old AdamC. A JudasD. Jesus5.The Bible was originally written in ( ).A. LatinB. EnglishC. HebrewD. Arabic6.“He ran out of ideas”illustrates the metaphor that “( )”.A. Ideas are commoditiesB. Ideas are moneyC. Ideas are fashionD. Ideas are resources7.( )becomes an “underachiever”in English euphemisms related to education.A. A “slow student”B. The student who “cheats in class”C. The student, who lie or stealD. A “lazy student”8.( )refers to drawing a general conclusion from a number of known facts.A. DeductionB. InductionC. DirectnessD. Indirectness9.“The weather cleared just as the party approached the summit. Until then they had seen nothingof the panorama around them”demonstrates ( ) relation between the two sentences.A. an additiveB. an adversativeC. a casualD. a temporal10.The proverb “Each cross hath its own inscription”is related to( ).A. the history of EnglandB. individualismC. ChristianityD. Bible11.The distance zone ranging from 8 feet to the limits of one's vision and hearing is referred to as the ( ) zone.A. intimateB. casual-personalC. socio-consultativeD. public12.“Crossing one's forefinger and middle finger”signifies ( ) in English speaking countries.A. good luckB. SadnessC. respectsD. secrecy13.In American English “Totem”is a loan word from ( ), meaning “图腾”in Chinese.A. DutchB. Indian languageC. GermanD. French14.The word in American English for “pyjamas”is “pajamas”, meaning ( ) in Chinese.A.侏儒B.金字塔C.睡衣D.预感15.“( )”can be an example to illustrate the feature floor by way of staircase.A. Would you mind going upstairs right away, please?B. Time you all go upstairs, now.C. Visitors should go up the stairs at once.D. Visitors should make their way at once to the upper floor by way of staircase.16.In business English “in the black”means( )A. running a business with no moneyB. running a business with bad fortuneC. running a business profitablyD. running a business at a loss17.“She drives me out of my mind”illustrates the metaphor about ( ).A. love is madnessB. love is warC. love is magicD. love is a patient18.In English individualistic culture, one should not bother Englishmen without a good reason andmaking appointment beforehand seems to be important. It is best reflected by an English proverb ( ).A.an Englishman's house is his castleB. as welcome as a stormC. do not wear out your welcomeD. outstay one's welcome19.“To know something like the palm of one's hand”means( ).A. to understand the nature of something and be competent in the performance of themB. to understand everything without any questionC. to understand only something easyD. to be thoroughly familiar with the nature and details of something20.“Alexander”means ( ) in Chinese.A. 勇敢B. 人类的保护者C. 亚力山大D. 统帅II.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer (10%)21.The relationships between language and thought are ( ).A.Thought is communicated in languageB. Language represents thoughtC. Language is influenced and shaped by thoughtD. Without language, thought can't be communicated22.When English speakers part they usually say: “( )”.A. So longB. Stay here pleaseC. Walk well, pleaseD. See you later23.In the following proverbs, ( ) are related to Greco－Roman civilizationA. Marry in May, repent alwaysB. From his foot, you may know HerculesC. Each cross hath its own inscriptionD. One falls into Scylla in seeking to avoid Charybdis24.People's ( ) are topics that are considered by English speakers too personal to talk about.A. ageB. punctuationC. political and religious beliefsD. marriage25.In Chinese culture, ( ) are often used as brand names.A. personal names of historical figuresB. plant namesC. flower namesD. place names26.In English ( ) are derivational morphemesA. all the prefixesB. all the suffixesC. those suffixes that don't represent the grammatical categoriesD. those word endings represented the grammatical categories27.In English culture “young”is often associated with ( ).A. flexibleB. VigorousC. creativeD. inexperienced28.In English culture people often ( ).A. put the more important information before the less oneB. put the less important information before the more oneC. put the more specific information before the less oneD. put the less specific information before the more one29.( ) illustrate(s) the metaphor that love is physical force.A. They are attracted to each otherB. His whole life revolves around herC. The atmosphere around him is always changedD. There is incredible energy in their relationship30.In black and white means ( )A. something in writingB. something in printC. something absolutely wrong or rightD. something very distinctive第二部分非选择题III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (12%)31. is the supreme legislative body of the U.K. It comprises the sovereign, the House ofLords and the House of Commons.32.Branching sentence patterns are preferred in English, while are preferred inChinese.33. “A white room”means “”in Chinese.34.“Nike”, which is in Greek mythology, is a brand name of a kind of sports shoes.35.The euphemisms for the word “”are “needy”, “underprivileged”and “disadvantaged”.36. “Surprise attacks”against an enemy have now become as an euphemism.37.The English equivalent for “对学生进行填鸭式教育”is .38. “Knowledge is power”is from the great British thinker .39.It's quite common for English speaking friends to pay respectively for what they have had in a restaurant. There is an English proverb related to it .40.The subjunctive is typically represented by “should”and a verb in its form.41.The direct English speaker prefers the word order in which the head precedes the or the main clause precedes the subordinate clause.42.The word in American English for “booking office”is .IV.Answer the following questions briefly.(12%)43. What are the differences between “similes”and “metaphors”?44. How do English speakers respond to thanks?45. Where is the prefix “micro”from?46. And what is racist language? Can you cite some examples?47. What is “Chauvinism”about?48. What is the general rule for introduction in English culture?V.Translation (16%)49. Besides football, the most popular games in the United States are baseball and basketball.50. He breathed his last and was buried in the churchyard.51.That idea went out of style years ago.52. That young man is a bear at mathematics.53. Even reckoning makes long friends.54. 请赐教。

浙江省2018年7月高等教育自学考试现代汉语试题课程代码：00535一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。

每小题1分，共20分)1. 推广普通话的重点在于( )A. 语法B. 词汇C. 修辞D. 语音2. 按照方言分区，四川成都话属于( )方言。

A. 北方B. 吴C. 湘D. 粤3. 音节“jiē”与“gē”中的“ｅ”是( )A. 同一个音素B. 不同的音素C. 同一个音位D. 同一个元音4. 下列辅音中都是浊辅音的是( )A. b、pB. m、gC. r、ngD. zh、j5. 下列韵母中都是二合复韵母的是( )A. jiù、màiB. hào、lúnC. xuě、jiàD. gui、zhōu6. 下列词语中，“一”音变为阳平的是( )A. 一本、一块B. 一手、一张C. 一天、一切D. 一道、一杠7. 在语音的属性中，( )是其本质属性。

A. 物理属性B. 生理属性C. 地理属性D. 社会属性8. 普通话音节结构中，下面( )成分是不可缺少的。

A. 韵腹B. 辅音声母C. 韵头D. 韵尾9. 下列语言单位中，( )是短语。

A. 电脑B. 大纲C. 键盘D. 大河10. 下面四句话中，( )中加线的词最能体现词义的模糊性。

A. 你明天早上再来吧。

B. 别逗他了，他都要哭了。

C. 小王很不高兴。

D. 天快要亮了。

11. 下列词语中，不属于同音词的一组是( )A. 上午、晌午B. 别(说)、别(校徽)C. 礼貌、礼帽D. 加法、家法12. 短语“关心的是他母亲”歧义的原因是( )A. 词的多义B. 结构层次不同C. 结构关系不同D. 语义关系不同13. 从功能特征上看，“小丽的聪明”属于( )短语。

A. 主谓B. 动词性C. 偏正D. 名词性14. 下列词语重叠后行为或属性程度一定会有所加强的是( )A. 尝试B. 说C. 雪白D. 大15. 下列句子中含有插说语的是( )句。

浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. Each of the following statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement andthe four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. (20%)1. The medium of verbal interaction is ______.A. thoughtB. languageC. cultureD. communication2. A. The relationship between language and culture is that ______.A. the former determines the latterB. the latter determines the formerC. the two are parallelD. the two interact3. “Politician”and “statesman”are mainly distinguished by their ______ meaning.A. connotativeB. conceptualC. socialD. reflected4. “Busybody corresponds”to ______ in Chinese.A. 大忙人B. 爱管闲事的人C. 重要人物D. 勤快人5. In the following sentences, that ______ is true.A. the branching pattern dominates in EnglishB. the branching pattern dominates in ChineseC. holistic thinking interacts with EnglishD. analytic thinking interacts with Chinese6. If a student wants to express his gratitude for professor's help, he can say ______.A. “I am so sorry I am wasting your time”B. “I hope I didn't disturb you”C. “Don't you mind I disturb you?”D. “Thank you so much. I really appreciate your help”7. “Elizabeth”means ______ in Chinese.A. 天使B. 上帝的礼物C. 上帝的祭品D. 伊丽莎白8. “Put your foot in your mouth”means ______.A. shut up your mouthB. you know everything about yourselfC. you cause embarrassment by saying something1D. what you say are nonsense.9. “To show confidence in one's worth, good character and ability”best matches “______”.A. to ride one's high horseB. to go about with one's head in the airC. to keep one's nose cleanD. to hold one's head high10. The proverb “each cross hath its own inscription”is related to ______.A. the history of EnglandB. individualismC. ChristianityD. Bible11. “A white hope”refers to a talent person who is thought ______.A. not likely to bring successB. likely to failC. likely to bring bad fateD. likely to bring success12. “Red handed”corresponds to ______.A. 现行犯的B. 革命党的C. 共产党人的D. 精力充沛的13. “The purple”in English speaking countries is associated with ______.A. a beautiful colorB. a lucky colorC. royal or noble rankD. low rank or status14. “______”is a euphemism for “fat”.A. StrongB. HeavyC. SturdyD. Clumsy15. “Blackguard”is used to refer to a(n) ______.A. African AmericanB. guard black in colorC. scoundrelD. silly man16. An underachiever is a euphemism for a ______ student.A. lazyB. poorC. slowD. disable17. Casual style is completely spontaneous with hardly any restraint, for example，______.A. Would you mind going upstairs right away, pleaseB. Time you all went upstairs, nowC. Visitors should go up the stairs at onceD. Up you go, chaps18. The British English equivalent to “公立学校”is ______.A. public schoolB. council schoolC. private schoolD. grade school19. It has been claimed that ______ are probably the most significant areas of the body fornonverbal communication.A. gesturesB. posturesC. facial expressions and eye behaviorsD. body languages220. “Chewing one's finger nails”signifies ______.A. emotional stressB. argumentC. impatienceD. frustrationII. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. In English culture “old”is often associated with ______.A. traditionalB. senileC. matureD. useless22. Words positive in meaning in English but pejorative or neutral in Chinese are ______.A. aggressiveB. self made manC. individualismD. equalitarianism or egalitarianism23. In English culture people often ______.A. put the more important information before the less oneB. put the less important information before the more oneC. put the more specific information before the less oneD. put the less specific information before the more one24. “______”can be functioned as an apology in English speaking countries.A. I beg your pardonB. I'm sorryC. Excuse meD. I'm terribly sorry25. “To pull somebody's leg”______.A. means to say something in a joking wayB. means to prevent somebody from advancingC. is equivalent to “开某人的玩笑”in ChineseD. is equivalent to “扯某人后腿”in Chinese26. Roman god of agriculture refers to ______.A. MayB. MarchC. SaturdayD. January27. That ______ illustrates the metaphor that life is a gambling game.A. the odds are against meB. he is a real loserC. I'm charmed by herD. she is besieged by suitors28. The English equivalent for “黄色电影”is ______.A. yellow filmsB. obscene filmsC. blue filmsD. sexy films29. An undertaker is now often referred to as a ______.A. funeral directorB. mortician3C. baby-sitterD. body-care30. “______”can be termed as honorifics.A. Would you mind my closing the doorB. To make valuable commentsC. Your ExcellencyD. Your HonorableIII. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (12%)31. Language is the ______ and container of cultural information.32. The leader of the British government is called ______.33. The Chinese equivalent for “lover”is ______.34. The word in American English for “purse”is ______.35. Holistic thinking interacts with Chinese, thus the ______ sentence pattern can be observed inChinese.36. God in English often corresponds to “______”in Chinese.37. “To know something like the palm of one's hand”corresponds to ”______”in Chinese.38. ______ is a lie that does no harm and is merely more convenient or polite than telling the truth.39. “易如反掌”is equivalent to “______”in English.40. ______ is a euphemism for “crippled”.41. The English equivalent for拙作is ______.42. Staring or gaping, in Chinese culture, shows one's curiosity while in English culture, isconsidered impolite and ______.IV. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)43. What is Emancipation Proclamation?44. What is the difference between “spiritual”and “精神”in relation to their connotativemeaning?45. Which idiom is in opposition to “marriage of convenience”in a sense?46. What does “Yellow Pages”refer to?47. What is the English equivalent for “拜读了大作”?48. What is proxemics?V. Translation. (16%, 2 for each)49. —你英语讲得很好。

浙江省 2018 年 7 月自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码： 10058Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement(20%).1.The relationship between language and culture is that _____.A. language determines cultureB. culture determines languageC. language and culture are parallelD. language and culture interact2.Body language normally includes ______.A.gesturesB.gestures, facial expression, distance held between interlocutorsC.facial expressionD.distance held between interlocutors3.While “handsome woman ” and“pretty woman” are both acceptable, they suggest different kinds of attractiveness because of the ______ associations of these two objectives.A. collocativeB. affectiveC. connotativeD. thematic4.Trinity refers to union in one Godhead of three persons, Father, Son and ______A. PuritanB. GodC. Holy ghostD. Ghost5.A hot, freshly cooked sausage sandwiched in a split roll of bread is.A. hot dogB. sandwichC. hamburgerD. pudding6.Facilities where people get served without having to leave their cars called ______.A. drive-insB. motelsC. dinnersD. hotels7.A game played on horseback by two teams of 3 or 4 players is called ______.A. poloB. hockeyC. golfD. rugby8.Donkeywork conveys the similar meaning in Chinese ______.A. 让驴干的活B.不是驴干的活C.苦役D.笨活9.Deductive argumentation has been related to ______A. the linear thinking patternB. the branching thinking patternC. deductive reasoningD. direct sentence10.“ Lily ” means ______ in Chinese.A. 莉莉B. 百合C.石南花D. 牡丹11.“Edgar” means ______ in Chinese.A. 华美的矛B. 埃德加C.武器之王D. 矛之王12.In English speaking countries you usually introduce ______, not the other way round.A. a woman to a manB. a man to a womanC. an old man to a young womanD. an old woman to an young man13.English speakers usually give small gifts to ______ on his or her birthday.A. a new acquaintanceB. a good friendC. a public servantD. a casual friend14.If you are looking forward to something, you ______.A. expect it to happenB. make some progressC. dislike itD. are afraid of it15.English idiom “ look at ” corresponds in meaning to ______ from Latin.A. inspectB. watchC. respectD. read16.“ My knee only hurts when I dance, that because’s I have two left feet” .The last sentence means ______.A. that ’s because I have to be independentB. that ’s because I have recovered after an illnessC. that’s because I dance swiftlyD. that ’s because I am too clumsy17.“ A big fish in a small pond” means ______.A. 小池塘养大鱼B. 鸡窝里飞出金凤凰C.人小干大事D. 鹤立鸡群18.“ To keep one’s own company ” means ______.A. not mixed with others in a friendly or social wayB. to be independentC. to be selfishD. to be egocentric19.“ Let me put in my two cent ’s worth ” means ______A. let me speakB. let me sleepC. let me readD. let me laugh20.“ A green Christmas ” refers to ______.A. a Christmas with vigor and energyB. a Christmas full of jealousyC. a Christmas without snowD. a Christmas with fruit and vegetablesⅡ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one to four correct answers.(10%)1.Words positive in meaning in English but pejorative or neutral in Chinese are ______.A. aggressiveB. self-made manC. individaualismD. equlitarianism or egalitarianism2.“ Attain ” ,“ acquire” ,and “obtain ” came from ______.A. FrenchB. English originC. Old NorseD. Latin3.There is truth in that ______.A. in Chinese we do have to use explicit formal markers to convey the passive meaning.B. implicit passive sentences are used frequently in Chinese.C. the obligatory explicit grammatical markers are larger in number in English than in ChineseD. the obligatory explicit grammatical markers are used more frequently in English than in Chinese4.It is quite common for students to call their professor ______.A. RobertB. Professor HarrisonC. Robert HarrisonD. Professor Robert5.Normally English people give small gifts to ______ at Christmas.A. good friendsB. their childrenC. casual acquaintancesD. public servants6.“ To knock out ” means ______.A. to make unconsciousB. to finish somethingC. to make inoperativeD. to make useless7.______illustrate(s)the metaphor that life is a gambling game.A. The odds are against meB. He is a real loserC. I ’m charmed by herD. She is besieged by suitors8.The red color is usually associated with ______.A. celebrationsB. communismC. certain emotions such as anger, shynessD. blood shedding9.______is (are) taboo(s)in either English or Chinese.A. Swear wordsB. Profane oathsC. Obscene wordsD. Privacy10.Deductive refers to ______.A. reasoning from the general to the particularB. reasoning from the particular to the generalC. the main thesis preceding the supporting informationD. the supporting information preceding the main thesisⅢ.Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression(12%).1.______is the supreme legislative body of the U.K.2.A dark-leaved evergreen plant whose white or purple flower blossom during winter months is called ______.3.A sweet dish typically composed of fruit and flour and fat, boiled or steamed, or of fruit baked with pastry is called ______.4.Staring,or gazing, in Chinese culture, shows one ’s curiosity while in English culture,is considered impolite and ______.5.The Chinese equivalent for“ Lover” is ______.6.The word in American English for“ mackintosh is ______.7.The word in American English for“ timetable” is ______.8.The word in British English for“firecracker” is ______.9.______means a cattle herder on a ranch, especially, one who works on horseback.10.______relations refer to constructions whose components are linked in meaning through the use of conjunctions.11.The English equivalent for“人不犯我，我不犯人”is ______.12.______refers to paradise, derived from the garden in which Adam and Eve lived.Ⅳ.Answer the following questions briefly.(12%)1.What ’s the difference between “ spiritual ” and “精神” in relation to their connotative meaning?2.How to translate“ busybody” into Chinese?3.What ’s the English equivalent for“趁热打铁” ?4.Can“李处长” be translated to “Director Li ”?5.What is“ Chauvinism” about?6.How would you explain in relation to culture the metaphorical statement“ He’s as timid as a mouse”?7.What does the euphemistic expression “ involuntarily leisured ” mean?8.What are the American English equivalents for“ cellar” and“ pail” ?9.What are the British English equivalents for“one-way ticked” and“ round-trip” ticket?10.From which language is the word“chowder” borrowed? What does it mean in Chinese?11.What does “ a Judas” allude to?12.Who created the victory gesture?Ⅴ .Translation(16%)A: Translate the following into Chinese(8%)1.Don ’twear out your welcome2.Wine and wenches empty men ’s purses3.Not to mince one ’s words4.Man proposes, God disposesB: Translate the following into English(8%)5.黄道吉日6.潘朵拉盒子7.白金8.为避虎穴，落人狼窝Ⅵ .Define the following terms(10%)1.terms of humility2.inductive argumentation3.primary territory4.the Australian timeⅦ .Discuss the following topics.(20%)1.List several proverbs to discuss individualism in English culture.2.What differences are there in eye behaviors between English and Chinese nonverbal communication systems?。