论我国亲属特免权制度的确立 - China-EU School of Law, CUPL
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论文编号： 论我国亲属特免权制度的确立 程绍华
中国政法大学研究生院 二○一一年三月摘 要 1 论我国亲属特免权制度的确立
摘 要 近年来发生的佘祥林、邱兴华和赵作海等案件中发生的逼迫亲属协助抓捕、作证等情节引起笔者关注，结合对现行刑法和刑诉法的分析，笔者认为中国存在亲属特免权缺位的问题。然而，追本溯源，“亲亲相隐”曾经是在我国延续了几千年的优良传统，为何消失殆尽？为什么西方能够成功从亲属容隐制发展成为亲属特免权？为什么要确立亲属特免权制度，其理论基础是什么？当前在我国确立亲属特免权制度有哪些条件？如何构建符合我国国情的亲属特免权制度？在本文中，笔者采用“纵向”、“横向”、“应然”和“实然”四个维度的主体结构展开阐述，力求对这些问题作出自己的回答。 除去“引言”和“结语，本文内容主要有： 第一章 简单概述亲属特免权的内涵之后，从纵向维度考察中西方古代亲属容隐的观念与成文制度，发掘出中西方关于亲属特免权曾经拥有颇为相似的开端，阐述发展路径的不同，总结发展的规律。 第二章 从横向维度比较当今西方两大法系亲属特免权的制度设计，为我国确立亲属特免权制度提供参考和借鉴经验。 第三章 着重从应然维度论述亲属特免权的理论基础，分人权、家庭和谐、私密交流、期待可能性和法理价值分析五个角度展开阐述。 第四章 以实然维度分析我国确立亲属特免权制度的现有条件，包括域外和本土经验、新法规出台和制度动向的分析等。 第五章 提出构建中国亲属特免权制度的框架性建议。
关键词：亲属容隐制 亲属特免权 理论基础 现有条件 构建ABSTRACT
1 ABSTRACT Relatives Privilege refers to the right not to provide testimony and protected information, based on the intimate relationship between the accused and his relatives. In essence, Relatives Privilege is a right to immune from testifying against his relatives, so it can be given up if the witness is willing to do so. However, this privilege dates back to ancient times when family members were bearing obligation to cover the crimes and secrets for each other, both in China and Western world. In recent years, several cases with false judgment or abusing family relationships have been disclosed, such as the Zhao Zuohai case, the She Xianglin case and the Qiu Xinghua case etc., which draw my attention when I think of the concept of relatives privilege. Researching the present PRC laws, especially the Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law, there are no rules about relatives’ privilege against the witnesses’ obligation to testify, but conferring statutory obligation of witness to anyone who knows the case fact without exemption. By historical and comparative law research, this thesis aims to demonstrate that there are both necessity and feasibility for China to establish the system of relatives’ privilege. Some advice on how to establish such a system that tailored to China’s national situation will also be discussed in the end.
KEY WORDS: Relatives; Privilege; Theoretical base; Conditions 目 录
1 目 录 引 言 ................................................................................................................................ 1 第一章 纵向维度：中国与西方古代亲属容隐制度的历史发展 ................................ 3 一、亲属特免权制度概述 ....................................................................................... 3 二、中国古代亲属容隐制 ....................................................................................... 4 （一）先秦“父子相隐”的观念 ........................................................................ 4 （二）成文法上的“亲亲相隐”制度 ................................................................ 4 三、西方古代亲属容隐制 ....................................................................................... 5 （一）古希腊“子为父隐”的宗教伦理观 ........................................................ 5 （二）罗马法上的容隐规定 ................................................................................ 5
第二章 横向维度：两大法系现代亲属特免权制度比较 ............................................ 7 一、大陆法系亲属特免权制度 ............................................................................... 7 二、英美法系亲属特免权制度 ............................................................................... 9 三、两大法系亲属特免权制度的共同之处 ......................................................... 10 四、两大法系亲属特免权制度的不同之处 .......................................................... 11
第三章 应然维度：亲属特免权的理论基础与价值分析 .......................................... 14 一、基本人权 ......................................................................................................... 14 二、家庭和谐论 ..................................................................................................... 15 三、秘密交流论 ..................................................................................................... 16 四、期待可能性 ..................................................................................................... 16 五、法理价值分析 ................................................................................................. 17 （一）从法与道德的角度看应否确立亲属特免权 .......................................... 17 （二）从法律规范的有效性角度看应否确立亲属特免权 .............................. 18 （三）以法的正义标准判断应否确立亲属特免权 .......................................... 19
第四章 实然维度：在中国确立亲属特免权的现有条件 .......................................... 20 一、经验层面 ......................................................................................................... 20 （一）西方亲属特免权产生过程的借鉴意义 .................................................. 20 （二）中国近代对亲属特免权制度的移植实践 .............................................. 20 二、制度层面 ......................................................................................................... 22
