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汉译英赏析

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外贸英语汉译英赏析

(1)我们希望指出,这里市场竞争激烈,要想成功地销售出去,你方报价须具有吸引力,否则将有困难.

共有五个分句,各自语法地位大不相同.汉语是一种流水句,分句间可以由逗号相连;但英语讲究形式上的相互照应,不同语法功能的从句必须反映在句型和关联词上.这是汉译英中比较重大的一条.也就是说,汉语可以用四个逗号隔出五个分句,但英语不可以,而是要用关联词,从字面形式上体现出其内在关系.

例如, 可以认为, " 指出"的原因在于"竞争",当然也可以表现为"竞争"的逻辑结论是"指出",这样这个句子至少有两种英译形式.

1)We would like to point out that because of the harsh / fierce competition in

our market your quotation must be attractive to the buyers at our end before we

could sell successfully your products here.

2) Fierce competition in the local market here means that, it seems obvious to us,

it would be difficult for us to promote successfully the sale of your products

if your quotation is not attractive to our end-users here.

如果五个句子综合考虑,可以变换角度译为:

We would like to point out that your quotation has to be attractive to the

buyers

here, otherwise it would be difficult for us to sell your products in this compe

titive market.

市场竞争激烈: fierce / harsh / competitive market

(2)如果你方的价格做得开的话,我们相信能成大生意.

像"价格做得开"和"能成大生意",这类熟语,与别的信函中可能出现的专业性比较强的术语一

样,在商务英语中都可以做适当的淡化处理. 也就是说,无论汉语原文是专业色彩较浓的,还是

相对口语化的,用于信函往来的译文都可以使用一般化的句型和词汇,只要说清楚事情就行,不必追求风格上的一致.

a.If your prices are in line, we trust important business can materialize.

b,If your prices are attractive, we believe we can make big business.

英文站点:Financing Local Roads Construction:Small Markets Make Big

Business.

/economics_research/reports_studies/finance_local_roads

/financing_road_construction.htm

U.S. Firms Make Big Business With Iraq.

3)很高兴收到你方8月25日询价,根据你方要求,今寄上有插图的目录和明细价目单.

两个逗号,三个分句,两个完整的意思.四种处理译法:

a.处理为一大一小两个简单句

We were very pleased to receive your inquiry of August 25 and enclose our

illustrated catalogue and the detailed price-list as you asked.

b,处理为两个句子.

第一句告知来信收到表示感谢,

We are very pleased to receive your inquiry of August 25.

We were very pleased to have received your inquiry of August 25.

第二句根据特定要求采取寄上目录和价单的行动.(汉语原文中省略了主语,英译文中必须有主

语,译文的主语可以是"我"或"我们"或"我公司",这样译文可以是以下的任何一个或其他变体:

I am pleased to enclose our illustrated catalogue and the price-list for your

reference.

We are pleased to enclose our illustrated catalogue and the price-list for

your

reference.

For your information we are sending you a copy of our illustrated catalogue

and

price-list.

We have enclosed our illustrated catalogue and a copy of the detailed

price-list for

you.

Our illustrated catalogue and price-list are enclosed for your reference.

Enclosed for your information are our illustrated catalogue and the detailed

price-list as you asked.

C,把对方"you"作为译文的主语,这种着眼符合国际信函中比较受重视的you attitude,值得

提倡.这样需要改变谓语用语,也就是由"寄"改为"收".

Enclosed please find our illustrated catalogue and the detailed price-list as

you

asked.

You will find in the attachment our illustrated catalogue and the detailed

price-list

you asked for.

Would you please check and find our illustrated catalogue and the detailed

price-list enclosed.

D,译文主语为"目录".以物为主语在英语中远比汉语中用的多.

The illustrated catalogue and the detailed price-list you asked for have been

enclosed.

Two copies of our illustrated catalogue and price-list , which you asked for,

have

been enclosed for your information.

(4) 根据你方要求

可译为: in accordance with your request 或 as per your requirement

但不宜译为: according to your demand.

前两种译法是对的,但显得有些公事公办容易产生距离感,因此不如译为:

as you asked / as required / as requested 达意即可.

(5) 我方可保证收到订单后两周内交货.

解析: 如果"交货"定义很明确,而且与客户的贸易条款已商量妥当,可译为:

We guarantee to deliver the goods within fourteen days of receipt of your

oder.

但如果"交货"定义不明,贸易条款尚未商量妥当时,建议不要落实译为deliver the

goods, 可

以采用effect shipment 为好, 为了淡化或者中和汉语原文中的"可保证",而不把话说死,以

免被动,可译为:

We would try to effect shipment in fourteen days of the receipt of your order.

因此,在商贸信函中,汉英表达不必要求句法与词上的一一对应,关键是把事情说清楚,更有效地

为促成贸易而服务.

(6) 寄上 / 邮寄 / 附寄 / 随信附上 / 随函附上一份

这些汉语说法,可以译为下列方式之一. 与其他公文套语一样,这里的关键不是"字字对应"的

翻译, 而是具体"语境"下的"语义等值"

enclose ( v ) Enclosed is a copy of ...

We enclose a copy of ... Enclosed please find a copy of...

(7) 日期表达

汉语,英国英语,美国英语有些区别,各自有相对固定的格式. 下列为国际商务信函中比较通行

的正确表达方式.请注意词序,词间空格,基数词和序数词及逗号的应用:

18 August, 2004 August 18, 2004

18th August 2004 Tuesday, August 18, 2004

在比较正式的商务信函中,虽然有些外国客户也采用下列其中之一,但以下七种表述都不对,不

好,不准确:

5/4/05; 3-26/03; 4/7/2005; 11-6-04; 8.8.2004; Sep.14,2003; Dec.12/04

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英译汉佳作欣赏

英译汉佳作欣赏

英译汉：佳译赏析 巧选主语成妙译 （1） 原文】饱经沧桑的20世纪仅剩下几个春秋，人类即将跨入充满希望的21世纪。

【译文】In a few years’ time, mankind will bid farewell to the 20th century, a century full of vicissitudes, and enter into the 21st century, a century full of hopes.

【赏析】1995年，联合国举办纪念成立50周年庆祝活动，江主席出席并发表演说。原文是该篇演说的第一句，是地道的汉语。翻译此

句时，一般译者往往会亦步亦趋地将原文译为两个分句，分别以“饱经沧桑的20世纪”和“人类”作主语。但高明的译者吃透了原文的精神，

选择mankind为主语统领全句，以准确而地道的英语译出，确实是一则难得的佳译，值得翻译爱好者认真体会。

英译汉：佳译赏析之“肚里的墨水 ”（2）

【原文】Their family had more money, more horses, more slaves than any one else in the Country, but the boys had less grammar than most of their poor Cracker neighbors.

【译文】他们家里的钱比人家多，马比人家多，奴隶比人家多，都要算全区第一，所缺少的只是他哥儿俩肚里的墨水，少得也是首屈一

指的。

【赏析】原文选自Gone With the Wind。译文忠实且流畅，算得上好译文，特别值得一提的是译者对grammar的处理，如果照搬字

典自然难于翻译，但译者吃透了原句精神，译为“肚里的墨水”，真是再妥帖不过了。

英译汉：佳译赏析之“思前想后 ”（3）

【原文】And in these meditations he fell asleep.

英译汉赏析3How to Grow Old

英译汉赏析3How to Grow Old

How to Grow Old

In spite of the title, this article will really be on

how not to grow old, which, at my time of life,

is a much more important subject. My first

advice would be to choose your ancestors

carefully. Although both my parents died

young, I have done well in this respect as

regards my other ancestors. My maternal

grandfather, it is true, was cut off in the flower

of his youth at the age of sixty-seven, but my

other three grandparents all lived to be over

eighty. Of remoter ancestors I can only discover

one who did not live to a great age, and he died

of a disease which is now rare, namely, having

his head cut off. A great-grandmother of mine,

who was a friend of Gibbon, lived to the age of

ninety-two, and to her last day remained a

terror to all her descendants. My maternal

grandmother, after having nine children who

赏析霍克思汉译英《红楼梦》好了歌与好了歌注

赏析霍克思汉译英《红楼梦》好了歌与好了歌注

赏析霍克思汉译英《红楼梦》好了歌与好了歌注

摘要：《红楼梦》是中国古典小说发展的顶峰。《好了歌》和《好了歌注》可以说是其诗词曲赋的代表作。本文就霍译版的《红楼梦》中的《好了歌》和《好了歌注》进行了一些赏析。

关键词：《好了歌》 《好了歌注》 赏析 霍克思

正文：

《红楼梦》被公认为中国古典小说的顶峰，是一部中国传统文化的百科全书。它的语言艺术达到了一个极高极美的境界，而它所蕴涵的历史、文化、宗教和哲学更是博大深奥。如何把这样一部古典文学名著翻译给有着不同价值观念、文化传统和宗教信仰的西方读者，无疑给译者出了一道巨大的难题。英国著名汉学家大卫•霍克思(David Hawkes)面对语言文化差异，将文本原作者的视界与本人在不同历史文化背景中形成的视界融合在一起，达到了一种全新的视界，使原作获得了再生。于是，“一部作品得以跨越时空，在译者特定的时空中得到认可，获得生命的延伸，起关键、中介作用的是译者的文化意识、文化差异和主观能动性”。 [1] 霍克思成功地将《红楼梦》译介给了西方读者，有效地进行了中西文化交流。他认为研究汉语不仅仅是研究一门外语，而是研究另一种文化，另一个世界。

《红楼梦》第一回跛足道人所唱的《好了歌》云：“世人都晓神仙好，唯有功名忘不了!古今将相在何方?荒冢一堆草没了!世人都晓神仙好，只有金银忘不了，终朝只恨聚无多，及到多时眼闭了!世人都晓神仙好，只有娇妻忘不了，君生日日说恩情，君死又随人去了!世人都晓神仙好，只有儿孙忘不了，痴心父母古来多，孝顺儿孙谁见了!”

甄士隐听了《好了歌》后颇有感悟，并为之作注，曰：“陋室空堂，当年笏满床；衰草枯杨，曾为歌舞场．蜘丝儿结满雕梁，绿纱今又在蓬窗上。说甚么脂正浓。粉正香，如何两鬓又成霜?昨日黄土陇头埋白骨，今宵红绡帐里卧鸳鸯。金满箱，银满箱，转眼乞丐人皆谤；正叹他人命不长，那知自己归来丧?训有方，保不定日后作强梁；择膏梁，谁承望流落在烟花巷!因嫌纱帽小，致使锁枷扛。昨怜破袄寒，今嫌紫蟒长。乱烘烘你方唱罢我登场，反认他乡是故乡。甚荒唐，到头来都是为他人作嫁衣裳。”

名篇名译(英译汉)

名篇名译(英译汉)

- 1 - 名篇名译001

1.

原文：It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.

译文：世事皆利弊并存。

赏析：原句结构比较特殊（"It is … that …"），理解起来有点困难。“对谁都没有好处的风才是坏风”，也就是说大多数情况下风对人都是有好处、有坏处，在引申一步就是成了上面的译句。林佩耵在《中英对译技巧》一书中（第68页）还给了几个相同结构的英文句子。翻译的前提是理解。有人指出。市面上见到的翻译作品，有好多都带有因理解不正确而产生的低级错误，“信”都谈不上还妄谈什么“达”和“雅”！初学翻译的朋友，在理解原文上当不遗余力。

2.

原文：Their language was almost unrestrained by any motive of prudence.

译文：他们几乎爱讲什么就讲什么，全然不考虑什么谨慎不谨慎。

赏析：如果硬译，译文势必成了“他们的言论几乎不受任何深思熟虑的动机的约束”。译者本其译，化其滞，将原句一拆为二，充分运用相关翻译技巧，译文忠实、通顺。

3.

原文：Get a livelihood,and then practise virtue.

译文：先谋生而后修身。（钱钟书译）

赏析：原句是祈使句，译句也传达出了训导的意味。用“谋生”来译“Get a livelihood"，用“修身”来译“practise virtue",可谓精当。巧的是，原句七个词，译句也是七个汉字。

4.

原文：I enjoy the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin and the cool support of water.

译文：我喜爱那洁净的暖风吹拂在我的皮肤上使我陶然欲醉，也喜爱那清亮的流水把我的身体托浮在水面。（章振邦译）

赏析："voluptuousness"不会"clean",是"breeze""clean","support"不会"cool", 是"water""cool"，这种“甲乙两项相关联，就把原属于形容甲的修饰语移属于乙”的修饰手法叫“移就”（transferred epithet）（《英语修辞赏析》，第145页）。在翻译带有移就修辞手法的英语句子时，有时需要按照汉语习惯将属于甲的修饰语还给甲，章振邦先生在这个译例里就做了这种处理。除此之外，译者还进行了结构上的调整，将原句拆译为两个排比句，加强了译句的表现力。译句的选词也极为考究，整个译句读来音韵流动。