汉译英(一)分析解析

六年级下册小升初英语专项训练-英汉互译（一）通用版（含答案解析）一、单选题1.No. I am John.A. 是的,我是约翰.B. 不是的.我是约翰.2.Good afternoon, class.A. 下午好,老师.B. 下午好,同学们.3.将标志用语的中文和英语正确匹配.A.禁止游泳B.节约用水C.保持整洁D.禁止停车E.禁止钓鱼（1）SAVE WATER（2）NO SWIMMING（3）NO PARKING（4）KEEP CLEAN（5）No FISHING4.I _______ ill.A. isB. areC. am5.breadA. B. C.二、填空题6.________our：________A. 你的B.你C.我7.将下列短语与汉语翻译匹配.⑴a book ________ A.一个包⑵an apple ________ B.一只猫⑶a box ________ C.一本书⑷a bag ________ D.一个球⑸a cat ________ E.一个盒子⑹a ball ________ F.一个苹果8.将下列中英文匹配.⑴open the book________ A. 球⑵close the window________ B. 坐下⑶birthday________ C. 打开书⑷ball ________ D. 生日⑸Sit down________ E. 关窗9.给下列句子选择恰当的汉语意思.A.我喜欢你的短裙.B.它们是新的吗?C.它是我的生日礼物.D.这是我最爱的裤子.（1）It's my birthday gift.________（2）Are they new?________（3）I like your skirt.________（4）They are my favourite trousers.________10.将下列中英文匹配⑴in class________ A. 午餐盒⑵lunch box________ B. 在上课⑶behind the door________ C. 在那里⑷my pencil________ D. 我的铅笔⑸over there________ E. 在门后11.将下列中英文匹配⑴Wednesday________ A. 星期五⑵Monday________ B. 星期三⑶Saturday________ C. 星期一⑷Sunday________ D. 星期六⑸Friday________ F. 星期天12.desk意思：________________13.train意思：________________14.table意思：________________15.egg意思：________________三、翻译16.It's warm in Beijing today.________17.英汉互译.⑴步行回家____________________________⑵10分钟____________________________⑶一个小时_____________________________⑷have to______________________________18. 单词互译.（1）much ________（2）football ________（3）梨________（4）想要________（5）how much ________puter games20.How beautiful! (汉语)________21. 英汉互译⑵（1）有趣的一天________（2）fly away________（3）have a lovely time________（4）放风筝________（5）in the tree________22.翻译句子（1）他是迈克.____________________________（2）This is Tom._____________________________（3）She is Ann.____________________________23.It's a hot day.____________________________24.Tom has a healthy diet.(翻译成汉语)____________________________25. 英译汉⑴（1）in the park ____________________________ （2）in the water_____________________________ （3）on the train _____________________________ （4）look out of_____________________________（5）at the supermarket____________________________26.the bus stop ____________________________27.英汉互译.⑴骑自行车_____________________________⑵放学后_____________________________⑶每天_______________________________⑷walk to school______________________________28.What about your mother? _____________________________29.Did she learn any foreign languages?____________________________30.What does your father do?____________________________31.You shouldn't eat too many sweets.____________________________32.He hugged them warmly.____________________________33.词汇互译（1）让我检查一下_____________________________（2）感觉热____________________________（3）point at_____________________________（4）outside_____________________________（5）胃痛_____________________________34. 翻译成汉语.（1）I am a pupil.____________________________（2）Stand up.____________________________35.You mustn't play on the road because there are too many car. (翻译成汉语)36. 根据要求填空（1）你多大？(英语) ____________________________（2）我八岁(英语) ____________________________（3）six apples (汉语)______________________________（4）Don't be late (汉语) ____________________________（5）close the door (汉语) ____________________________37. 英汉互译⑴（1）看来好像________（2）over there ________（3）多雨的________（4）naughty ducks ________（5）早餐________38.The sun is high in the sky at noon.39.No. It is a pen.________40. 英汉互译.（1）在河边________（2）这么小________（3）go to the party________（4）你的爸爸的手套________ （5）before eating fish________41.Your favourite ... is ...42. 英汉互译.（1）have breakfast________（2）七点十分________（3）go to school ________（4）看电视________（5）eleven fifty-five ________ 43.翻译下列短语（1）a computer game________ （2）特别喜爱的________（3）英语歌________44.写出相应的英语单词.（1）自行车________（2）手表________（3）婴儿________（4）动物园________（5）桌子________（6）你的________45.This is Amy .答案解析部分一、单选题1.【答案】B【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】No不是. I我, am是, John约翰.故选B.【点评】本题考查汉译英,需要平时掌握单词.2.【答案】B【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】Good afternoon意思是: "下午好." class是"同学们", 故答案为: B.【点评】这是考查翻译的题目. 注意翻译的准确性.3.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C（5）E【考点】祈使句和感叹句,英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）根据所给的英语,SAVE节省;挽救,WATER水,句意：节约用水,故答案为B.（2）根据所给的英语,SWIMMING游泳,NO不,禁止,句意：禁止游泳,故答案为A.（3）根据所给的英语,PARKING停车,NO不,句意：禁止停车,故答案为D.（4）根据所给的英语,KEEP禁止,CLEAN清洁,整洁,句意：保持整洁,故答案为C.（5）根据所给的英语,FISHING是钓鱼的意思,NO是不,句意：禁止钓鱼,故答案为E.【点评】首先把英语单词翻译成汉语,然后注意祈使句的结构.4.【答案】C【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】句意：我病了.I后跟am,故答案为C.【点评】考察系动词be,注意其三种形式的用法.5.【答案】B【考点】名词,英译汉,图片匹配【解析】【分析】bread面包,图二是面包,故选B.【点评】考查bre ad面包的识记和结合图片选出正确选项.二、填空题6.【答案】y；A【考点】单词拼写,英译汉【解析】【分析】根据所给提示这是单词your, 意思是: 你的. 故答案为: y; A.【点评】这是考查词汇的题目. 要掌握代词的意思.7.【答案】C；F；E；A；B；D【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）a book一本书,故答案为C.（2）an apple一个苹果,故答案为F.（3）a box 一个盒子,故答案为E.（4）a bag一个书包,故答案为A.（5）a cat一只猫,故答案为B.（6）a ball一个球,故答案为D.【点评】考察英译汉,注意平时多识记翻译.8.【答案】C；E；D；A；B【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）open打开,the book书.与C匹配,故选C.（2）close关闭, the window窗户.与E匹配,故选E.（3）birthday生日.与D匹配,故选D.（4）ball球.与A匹配,故选A.（5）Sit down坐下,固定短语.与B匹配,故选B.【点评】本题是英译汉,考查单词及固定短语的记忆,平时注意多积累.9.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A（4）D [来源:]【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）句意：它是我的生日礼物.故答案为C.（2）句意：它们是新的吗？故答案为B.（3）句意：我喜欢你的裙子.故答案为A.（4）句意：它们是我最喜欢的裤子.故答案为D.【点评】考察英译汉,注意句子要通顺.10.【答案】B；A；E；D；C【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）in class在课上,固定短语.与B匹配,故选B.（2）lunch午饭,box盒子.与A匹配,故选A.（3）behind在--后面, the door门.与E匹配,故选E.（4）my我的, pencil铅笔.与D匹配,故选D.（5）over there在那边,固定短语.与C匹配,故选C.【点评】本题是英译汉,考查固定短语的记忆,平时注意多积累.11.【答案】B；C；D；F；A【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）根据所给的英语单词翻译为：星期三,选项B星期三,可知选项B符合题意,故答案为B.（2）根据所给的英语单词翻译为：星期一,选项C星期一,可知选项C符合题意,故答案为C. （3）根据所给的英语单词翻译为：星期六,选项D星期六,可知选项D符合题意,故答案为D.（4）根据所给的英语单词翻译为：星期天,选项F星期天,可知选项F符合题意,故答案为F. （5）根据所给的英语单词翻译为：星期五,选项A 星期五,可知选项A符合题意,故答案为A.【点评】本题考查了根据所给的英语单词,选出汉语意思的选项,[来源:学|科|网]12.【答案】书桌；【考点】名词,英译汉【解析】【分析】desk的意思是: 课桌. 故答案为: 课桌; .【点评】这是考查词汇的题目. 要掌握常用表示家具单词的词义, 并且要掌握词汇字母的占格.13.【答案】火车；【考点】名词,英译汉【解析】【分析】train的意思是: 火车. 故答案为: 火车; .【点评】这是考查词汇的题目. 要掌握单词字母的占格.14.【答案】桌子；【考点】名词,英译汉【解析】【分析】table的意思是: 桌子. 故答案为: 桌子; .【点评】这是考查词汇的题目. 熟练掌握所学单词的词义和拼写, 有助于完成这类题目. 15.【答案】鸡蛋；【考点】名词,英译汉【解析】【分析】egg意思是: 鸡蛋, 故答案为: 鸡蛋; .【点评】这是考查词汇的题目. 注意字母e的占格.三、翻译16.【答案】北京今天很温暖.【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】It's它是, warm暖和的, in Beijing在北京, today今天；本句子是一般现在时的肯定句,翻译为：北京今天很温暖.【点评】本题是英译汉,平时注意单词、短语的记忆的积累记忆.17.【答案】walk to school；ten minutes；an hour；必须,不得不【考点】汉译英,英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）步行回家是短语: walk to school. 故答案为: walk to school.（2）10分钟是短语: 10 minutes. 故答案为: 10 minutes.（3）一小时是短语: an hour.（4）have to意思是: 必须; 不得不.【点评】这是考查短语的题目. 注意平时多记有助于解答此类题目.18.【答案】（1）许多（2）足球（3）pear（4）want（5）多少钱【考点】汉译英,英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）much许多.（2）football 足球.（3）梨pear.（4）想要want.（5）how much多少钱.【点评】本题是英汉互译,注意平时单词的积累.19.【答案】电子游戏【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】根据所给的英语,computer games汉语是电子游戏,故答案为电子游戏.【点评】本题考查了英译汉,注意平时牢记这些词组汉语意思.20.【答案】好漂亮啊！【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】How多么, beautiful漂亮的,本句子是一般现在时的感叹句,故答案为：好漂亮啊！【点评】本题是英译汉,平时注意单词、短语的记忆.21.【答案】（1）a funny day（2）飞走（3）玩得快乐（4）fly a kite（5）在树上【考点】汉译英,英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）根据所给的汉语,有趣的一天英语是a funny day,故答案为a funny day. （2）根据所给的英语,fly away汉语是飞走,故答案为飞走.（3）根据所给的英语,have a lovely time汉语是玩得快乐,故答案为玩得快乐.（4）根据所给的汉语,放风筝英语是fly a kite,故答案为fly a kite.（5）根据所给的英语,in the tree汉语是在树上,故答案为在树上.【点评】本题考查了英汉互译,注意平时牢记这些词组.22.【答案】（1）He is Mike.（2）这是汤姆.（3）她是安.【考点】汉译英,英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）他"he", 迈克是"Mike". 故答案为: He is Mike.（2）This is.... 意思是: 这是....... 故答案为: 这是汤姆.（3）She是"她", Ann是"安". 故答案为: She is Ann.【点评】这是考查句子翻译的题目. 注意代词的翻译.23.【答案】今天很热.【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】It's它是a一个hot热的day天,故答案为：今天很热.【点评】考察英译汉,识记单词意思,注意句子顺序.24.【答案】汤姆有健康的饮食（习惯）.【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】Tom汤姆, has有, a healthy diet一个健康的饮食；故答案为：汤姆有健康的饮食（习惯）.【点评】本题是汉译英,注意平时单词及短语的记忆.25.【答案】（1）在公园里（2）在水里（3）在火车上（4）向...外面看（5）在超市【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）根据所给的英语,in the park汉语是在公园里,故答案为在公园里. （2）根据所给的英语,in the water汉语是在水里,故答案为在水里.（3）根据所给的英语,on the train汉语是在火车上,故答案为在火车上.（4）根据所给的英语,look out of汉语是向...外面看,故答案为向...外面看.（5）根据所给的英语,at the supermarket汉语是在超市,故答案为在超市.【点评】本题考查了英译汉,注意平时牢记英语词组还要牢记汉语意思.26.【答案】公交站【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】the bus stop公交站.【点评】本题考查英译汉,需要平时掌握单词及短语.27.【答案】ride a bike；after school；every day；走路上学【考点】汉译英,英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）骑自行车是短语: ride a bike. 故答案为: ride a bike.（2）放学后是短语: after school. 故答案为: after school.（3）每天是短语: every day. 故答案为: every day.（4）walk to school意思是: 走路上学. 故答案为: 走路上学.【点评】这是考查短语的题目. 我们一定要注意常用短语的记忆.28.【答案】你的妈妈呢？【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】What什么, about关于, your你的, mother妈妈,可连成句子：你的妈妈呢？故答案为：你的妈妈呢？【点评】考察英译汉,注意固定搭配的翻译和语句通顺.29.【答案】她学过一些外语吗？【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】she她, learn学习, any一些, foreign外国的, languages语言,故答案为：她学过一些外语吗？【点评】考察英译汉,注意英汉语序的不同.30.【答案】你的爸爸是做什么的？【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】What do/does …… do?用来提问职业, your father 你的爸爸,故答案为：你爸爸是做什么的？【点评】考察英译汉,注意固定搭配的翻译和句子通顺.31.【答案】你不应该吃太多的糖果.【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】You你shouldn't不应该eat吃too many太多sweet糖果,故答案为：你不应该吃太多的糖果.【点评】考察英译汉,逐字翻译连成汉语句子,注意句子顺序.32.【答案】他热情地拥抱了他们.【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】根据句子中单词的含义可知,he是人称代词他.hugged是动词拥抱的含义.them 宾格人称代词,他们.warmly是副词,温暖地.故填写他热情地拥抱了他们.【点评】考查英译汉.注意理解单词含义.33.【答案】（1）let me check（2）feel hot（3）指向（4）外面（5）stomachache【考点】汉译英,英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）让某人做某事是"let sb do sth", 检查是"check". 故答案为: let me check. （2）感觉"feel", 热"hot". 故答案为: feel hot.（3）point at是短语: 指向.故答案为: 指向.（4）outside的意思是: 外面. 故答案为: 外面.（5）胃疼是: stomachache. 故答案为: stomachache.【点评】这是考查短语和词汇的题目.要牢记学过的短语和单词.34.【答案】（1）我是一名小学生.（2）站起来.【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）I我, am是, a pupil一名小学生,故答案为我是一名小学生.（2）Stand up. 站起来.故答案为站起来.【点评】考察英译汉,注意固定短语的翻译.35.【答案】你不要在公路上玩因为车辆太多了.【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】you你,mustn't 不许,play玩,on the road在路上, because因为,there are有,too many car太多的汽车,故答案为：你不要在公路上玩因为车辆太多了.【点评】本题是英译汉,注意平时单词、短语的记忆.36.【答案】（1）How old are you?（2）I'm eight.（3）六个苹果（4）不要迟到（5）关门【考点】汉译英,英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）你you,多大how old,故答案为How old are you?（2）我I ,八岁eight.故答案为I'm eight.（3）six六, apples苹果.故答案为六个苹果.（4）Don't 不要,be late迟到.（固定短语）故答案为为……欢呼喝彩.（5）close关, the door门.故答案为关门.【点评】本题是英汉互译,注意固定短语,需要平时单词的积累.37.【答案】（1）look like（2）在那儿（3）rainy（4）淘气的鸭子（5）breakfast【考点】汉译英,英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）根据看起来像这个汉语意思可知,要使用固定搭配look like来表达看起来像.故填写look like.（2）根据over there这个固定搭配的含义表达在那儿可知,要填写在那儿.（3）根据多雨的汉语意思可知,要使用形容词rainy来表达.故填写rainy.（4）根据naughty形容词的含义顽皮的,淘气的；ducks鸭子可知,要填写淘气的鸭子.（5）根据早餐汉语意思可知,要使用名词breakfast来表达.故填写breakfast.【点评】考查单词和固定搭配.38.【答案】太阳中午时在天空的高处.【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】sun太阳is是high高的in the sky在天空at noon在中午,故答案为：太阳中午时在天空的高处.【点评】考察英译汉,识记固定短语,注意句子顺序.39.【答案】不.它是一支钢笔.【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】No意思是: 不, It意思是: 它, a pen意思是: 一支钢笔. 故答案为: 不. 它是一支钢笔.【点评】这是考查句子翻译的题目. 要掌握常用短语的意思.40.【答案】（1）by the river（2）so small（3）去聚会（4）your dad's gloves（5）吃鱼之前【考点】汉译英,英译汉【解析】【分析】①根据所给的汉语,在河边,在……边上用介词by,河是river,此处应该是特指,river前面加the,故答案为by the river.②根据所给的汉语,这么小,“这么”英语是so,小是small,故答案为so small.③根据所给的英语,go to the party,go to 是去,the party是聚会,故答案为去聚会.④根据所给的汉语,你的是your,爸爸的,此处使用名词所有格's,翻译过来是dad's,手套一般是两只,常用复数gloves,故答案为your dad's gloves.⑤根据所给的英语,before是在……之前, eating fish是吃鱼,故答案为吃鱼之前.【点评】考查英汉互译词组和短语,牢记这些词组和短语.41.【答案】你最喜欢的...是...【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】根据所给的英语,Your favourite ... is ...汉语是你最喜欢的...是...,故答案为你最喜欢的...是....【点评】本题考查了英译汉,注意牢记一些固定搭配和用法.42.【答案】（1）吃早餐（2）seven past ten（3）去学校（4）watch TV（5）十一点五十五分【考点】汉译英,英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）根据所给的英语,have breakfast汉语是吃早餐,故答案为吃早餐. （2）根据所给的汉语,七点十分英语是seven past ten,故答案为seven past ten.（3）根据所给的英语,go to school 汉语是去学校,故答案为去学校.（4）根据所给的汉语,看电视英语是watch TV,故答案为watch TV.（5）根据所给的英语,eleven fifty-five汉语是十一点五十五分,故答案为十一点五十五分. 【点评】考查英汉互译词组和短语,牢记这些词组和短语.43.【答案】（1）电子游戏（2）favourite（3）English song【考点】汉译英,英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）computer game是短语"电子游戏".故答案为: 电子游戏.（2）特别喜爱的是单词"favourite", 故答案为: favourite.（3）英语的"English", 歌"song", 故答案为: English song.【点评】这是考查翻译的题目. 我们要掌握所学短语的意思.44.【答案】（1）bike（2）watch（3）baby（4）zoo（5）table（6）your【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】（1）自行车bike.（2）手表watch.（3）婴儿baby.（4）动物园zoo.（5）桌子table.（6）你的your.【点评】本题是汉译英,主要考查单词的记忆,平时注意多积累.45.【答案】这是艾米.【考点】英译汉【解析】【分析】根据所给的英语句子,This is Amy.汉语是这是艾米.故答案为这是艾米. 【点评】本题考查了英译汉,注意牢记This is句型用法.。

六年级下册小升初英语专项训练-英汉互译（一）通用版（含答案解析）一、单选题1.No. I am John.A. 是的，我是约翰。

B. 不是的。

我是约翰。

2.Good afternoon, class.A. 下午好，老师。

B. 下午好，同学们。

3.将标志用语的中文和英语正确匹配。

（1）SAVE WATER（2）NO SWIMMING（3）NO PARKING（4）KEEP CLEAN（5）No FISHING4.I _______ ill.A. isB. areC. am5.breadA. B. C.二、填空题6.________our：________A. 你的B.你C.我7.将下列短语与汉语翻译匹配。

⑴a book ________ A.一个包⑵an apple ________ B.一只猫⑶a box ________ C.一本书⑷a bag ________ D.一个球⑸a cat ________ E.一个盒子⑹a ball ________ F.一个苹果8.将下列中英文匹配。

⑴open the book________ A. 球⑵close the window________ B. 坐下⑶birthday________ C. 打开书⑷ball ________ D. 生日⑸Sit down________ E. 关窗9.给下列句子选择恰当的汉语意思。

（1）It's my birthday gift.________（2）Are they new?________（3）I like your skirt.________（4）They are my favourite trousers.________10.将下列中英文匹配⑴in class________ A. 午餐盒⑵lunch box________ B. 在上课⑶behind the door________ C. 在那里⑷my pencil________ D. 我的铅笔⑸over there________ E. 在门后11.将下列中英文匹配⑴Wednesday________ A. 星期五⑵Monday________ B. 星期三⑶Saturday________ C. 星期一⑷Sunday________ D. 星期六⑸Friday________ F. 星期天12.desk意思：________________13.train意思：________________14.table意思：________________15.egg意思：________________三、翻译16.It's warm in Beijing today.________17.英汉互译。

汉译英翻译技巧分析解析如今，随着经济全球化的不断深入和中国国际地位的日益提高，英语已成为我们必须掌握的一门语言。

无论是在学习、工作还是生活中，我们都需要与英语打交道。

而在英语交流中，翻译是必不可少的一环。

汉译英翻译技巧是我们必须掌握的基本技能之一。

本文将对汉译英翻译技巧进行分析解析。

翻译思路首先，汉译英的翻译思路是非常重要的。

在开始翻译前，我们要全面理解汉语句子的意思，并将其重新表述为符合英语语言语法规则的句子。

在翻译中，我们应该注意以下几点：1.把汉语的概括转化为细节汉语通常倾向于概括性描述，而英语则注重细节。

因此，在翻译汉语时，我们需要尽可能地将概括性的描述转化为具体的细节描述，并将其用英语表述出来。

2.归纳总结信息在汉语中，信息通常是以句子的前半部分为主体，然后在后面进行概括。

而在英语中，句子的主体通常会放在句子开头，然后再对其进行修改和细化。

因此，在翻译中，我们应该根据语法规则的不同，对信息根据句子的结构和语法要求进行归纳总结。

翻译技巧在汉译英的翻译过程中，我们需要掌握一些技巧，才能达到更好的翻译效果。

以下是一些汉译英的翻译技巧：1.翻译口语化英语中有许多口语用语，而且口语用语的使用是非常常见的。

因此，在翻译中，我们需要在不影响句子的意思的前提下，尽可能地采用口语化的表达方式，这样可以使我们的翻译更加地自然、流畅。

2.使用同义词在翻译中，我们可以尝试使用同义词的方法，将原文中的词语替换成相对应的词语，从而达到更好的表达效果。

但是，在使用同义词的时候，我们需要注意词语的具体含义，尽量选用确切的同义词。

3.舍译传意翻译的最终目的是表达原文的意思，所以在翻译中，我们不能仅仅依靠字面翻译。

当我们遇到一些汉语中翻译困难的词语时，可以使用舍译传意的方法，将其意思用其他相近的词语或语句表现出来。

4.翻译句式英语中的句式多种多样，掌握一定的方法，能够更好地翻译汉语句式。

在翻译中，我们可以尝试把汉语中采用的并联句式或复杂句式，转化为英语中的简单句式或扩展句式，从而使翻译更自然流畅。

汉译英一（选自“习近平主席在金砖国家工商论坛上的讲话”）金砖机制的诞生和发展，是世界经济变迁和国际格局演变的产物。

在第一个10年里，金砖合作乘势而起，亮点纷呈。

五国秉持开放包容、合作共赢金砖精神，推动各领域务实合作不断深入，深化了团结互信，增进了五国人民福祉，拉紧了利益和情感纽带，为世界经济企稳复苏并重回增长之路作出了突出贡献。

当今世界正面临百年未有之大变局。

对广大新兴市场国家和发展中国家而言，这个世界既充满机遇，也存在挑战。

我们要在国际格局演变的历史进程中运筹金砖合作，在世界发展和金砖国家共同发展的历史进程中谋求自身发展，在“金色十年”里实现新的飞跃。

◆重点词汇&专有名词金砖机制：BRICS mechanism.金砖国家（BRICS），因其引用了巴西（Brazil）、俄罗斯(Russia)、印度(India)、中国（China）、和南非（South Africa）的英文首字母。

由于该词与英语单词的砖（Brick）类似，因此被称为“金砖国家”。

国际格局:international landscape.也可译作international pattern/structure百年未有之大变局:此句具有很强的中国特色，英文中没有对等的短语表达，因此需要译出其全部意思。

结合整句可调整译为：major changes unfolding in our world, something unseen in a century.新兴市场: emerging markets.◆翻译技巧点拨1、原文：在第一个10年里，金砖合作乘势而起，亮点纷呈。

五国秉持开放包容、合作共赢金砖精神，推动各领域务实合作不断深入，深化了团结互信，增进了五国人民福祉，拉紧了利益和情感纽带，为世界经济企稳复苏并重回增长之路作出了突出贡献。

译文：In its first decade, BRICS cooperation got off the ground and bore rich fruit. We five BRICS countries, guided by the BRICS spirit of openness, inclusiveness and win-win cooperation, have deepened our cooperation, enhanced our solidarity and mutual trust, improved the lives of our peoples, and made our bond of interests and friendship even closer. Indeed, our cooperation has contributed much to global economic recovery and growth.解析：1)本段有较多的中式四字短语以及特色化表达，典型的流水散句加上动宾短语。

汉译英的句法处理(一)英语重形合，在形式上强调结构完整，绝大部分句子都不能没有主语，因而，英语是主语显著的语言。

一. 主语的确定1. 确定主语时，必须符合英语的语言习惯和英美等国的文化习俗；1)热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作,建立和发展贸易关系。

2) 希望今后上海能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市1)热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作，建立和发展贸易关系。

Customers from various countries and regions are warmly welcome to establish and develop business contacts. 分析：汉语省略了主语“我们”，这既反映了汉语重主题而非重主语的语言特点，同时也反映了汉民族喜欢以主人的姿态欢迎客人这一文化特征。

英语补出的主语不是“我们”而是原文中的“客商”，这种处理不仅突出了英语主语显著的特点，而且译出了英美人的心态：在英美国家，人人都希望被当作客人看待。

2) 希望今后上海能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市。

It is hoped/anticipated that Shanghai will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future.分析：汉语省略了主语“我们”或是“人们”。

为了避免这种指代不清，英语中有一种左右逢源的办法，即使用“It is +过去分词+that从句”的结构。

2. 确定主语时，必须符合英美人的思维方式；1）她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。

1）她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。

It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man.分析：译文中，主语是“It”，这是西方人的思维方式，译文意为：这种念头从来没有闪过她的脑际。

这种翻译强调了“他是个不诚实的人”这一客观事实，并显露出她对之一事实感到惊讶。

大学英语汉译英题型解析一．题型透析：翻译题型为补充填空式的中译英，名为翻译，实为补全句子，一共五道。

主要考查考生对英语一些常用表达法（词汇搭配）和语法知识的掌握。

因此考生应熟记四级常考词组与搭配，和巩固基本的语法知识。

二、应试技巧三部走应试技巧：语法结构分析—用词搭配—整合检查。

（一）语法结构分析由于是句子片段翻译，是在给定部分句子的基础上结合括号内所给汉语意思进行翻译，所以务必要进行整句语法结构分析。

即：第一、弄清句子结构，确定需译部分在整句中结构上的功能，以便进一步明确相应表达。

第二、判断整句时间状态，以确定需译部分动词时态（若有的话）。

如：1.名词性从句（主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句, 同位语从句）和状语从句（”倒装”别放过）＊＊＊(1)主语从句有三类:a)由what等代词引导的主语从句:what表示“…所…的(东西)”, 在结构上等于一个名词加一个定语从句; whatever表示“所…的一切”; whoever表示“一切…的人”.What you need is more practiceWhat is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.Whatever I have is at your service.Whoever comes will be welcome.Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder.b)由连词that引起的主语从句: 这类主语从句在大多数情况下都放到句子后部去, 而用代词it做形式上的主语:That we need more equipment is quite obvious.It is impossible that I may not able to come.It doesn’t seem likely that she will be here.在口语中连词that有时可以省略掉:It’s good you’re so considerate.It’s a pity you missed such a fine talk.c)由连接代词或连接副词(或whether)引起的主语从句:这类主语从句, 也可以放到句子后部去,前面用it做形式上的主语.When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.Whether he will join us won’t make too much difference.It won’t make too much difference whether he will join us.(2)宾语从句:和主语从句及表语从句一样, 宾语从句也有以上三类.a) 连接代词或副词引导的从句只是在某些动词后能用作宾语.Tell me what you want.I just can’t imagine how he could have done such a thing.Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate.能跟这类宾语从句的常见动词有: see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discover, discuss, understand, inform, advise等. 这种动词后也常用whether或if引导的从与作宾语:I don’t know whether these figure are accurate.I’m wondering if the letter is overweight.这种从句有时前面可以有另一个宾语:Has she informed you when they are to hold the meeting?Please advise me which book I should read first.有时这种从句也可用作及词的宾语:Whether that is a good solution depends on how you look at it.He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made.I was curious as to what he would say next.b) 用that引导的从句作宾语的情形最为普遍, 在很多动词如boast, say, think, insist, wish, hope, suppose, see, believe, agree, acknowledge, admit, deny, expect, explain, confess, order, command, suspect, dream, suggest, propose, know, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, report, urge, 以及doubt的否定和疑问式后面都可以用它.（3）状语从句（”倒装”别放过）＊＊＊91.__________________(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.(08060491)91. Not until he had finished the missionPractice：89 I am going to pursue this course, _____________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲). (07120489)89. no matter at what expense (cost)/ no matter what I have to sacrifice (pay)/ would have to sacrifice (pay)91 Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _______________(用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn. (07120491)91. is measured in terms of how much they can borrow89. Leaving one’s job, ____________________,(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring. (08060489)89. whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is88.The prevention and treatment of AIDS is ____________(我们可以合作的领域) .(07060488)88. a field in which we can work together / a field in which we can cooperate2.被动结构be done91 Though a skilled worker, _______________(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis. （06060491）91. he was fired by the company87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research______ .(能应用于新技术的开发) (08060487)87. can be applied to the development of the new technology.3.倒装1）全部倒装和部分倒装:如果谓语在主语前面, 就是倒装语序. 倒装语序又分为全部倒装和部分倒装. 在全部倒装的句子中, 整个谓语都放在主语的前面:Here are some registered letters for you.In came a man with a white beard.在部分倒装的句子中只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词, 情态动词, 或系动词be等)放在主语前面, 其余部分仍在主语后面:Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.I couldn’t answer the question. Nor could anyone else in our class.Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task.2）以neither, nor, so等开始的句子: 由so引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(否定句), 助动词或be置于主语前.“We must start for the work-site now”. “ So must we.”I am quite willing to help and so are the others.He didn’t drop any hint. Nor (Neither) did his secretary.“I won’t do such a thing.” “Nor (Neither) will I.”如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思, 尽管是用so开头, 语序也不要颠倒.“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.”“Tomorrow will be Monday.” “So it will.”3）当句首状语为never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等否定词或有否定意义的词语时, 一般引起部分倒装.No longer are they staying with us.No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.Under no circumstances could I agree to such a principle.4）表示位置或方向的副词提前, 谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动作动词而主语又较长时, 通常用全部倒装:There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.The door burst open and I rushed the crowd.There comes the bus!Now comes your turn.如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:There comes your turn.有here引起, 谓语为be的句子, 也要倒装:Here is China’s largest tropical forest.Here are some picture-books.如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:Here we are. This is the new railway station.“Give me some paper.” “Here you are.”5）表语和系动词提前:a)介词短语: On the other side was northern Xinjiang.Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard.b)形容词: Very important in the farmer’s life is the radio weather report.Worst of all were the humiliations he suffered.c) 副词: Below is a restaurant.Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy wasteland.d）分词: Housed in the Cultural Palace are a library, an auditorium and recreation rooms.Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zink.Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.Standing beside the table was an interpreter.6) 句首状语若由only + 副词, only + 介词词组, only + 状语从句构成, 引起局部倒装:Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.有not only开头的句子或分句, 往往引起局部倒装:Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn’t done a very goo d repair job either.4.比较结构＊＊＊比较从句1）倍数表达法：half /twice/three times,ect. as much as : half/double/triple ,ect. the amount2）as…as, almost/just/nearly as…as, not so/as …as:We’ll give you as much help as we can.I haven’t made as much progress as I should.We’ve produced twice as much cotton this year as we did ten years ago.My command of English is not half so (as) good as yours.3）than, so much/a lot more than, no more… than, not more…than, less thanmore…than, less…than，not so much …as… (=rather than)可表示“与其说…不如说…”:He is more good than bad.He was less hurt than frightened.The present crisis in capitalist countries is much more a political than an economic crisis.4）“no + 形容词或副词比较级+ than”所表示的可以是该形容词或副词的相反的含义:no rich than = as poor asno bigger than = as small asno later than = as early asJohn is no better than Tom.I have taken no more than six courses this semester.5）the more… the more (越是…就越…)Actually, the busier he is, the happier he feels.The more they talked, the more encouraged they felt.6）more of a, as much of a, less of a, etc: 当as much of a…as, more/less of a …than等结构与单数可数名词搭配时, 名词只能置于比较结构中间.not much of a…: not a good不算好的;not/ without so much as : not even甚至没有/都不He is more of a sportsman than his brother.He is not much of a scholar.He can’t so much as write his own name. 他甚至连自己的名字都不会写。

2021年考研英语翻译真题及详细解析(英译汉)2021年考研英语英译汉试题及解析There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.(46)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47)Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association underwhich the world’s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.(48)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account.(49)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.(50)We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling.In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the samesort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.真题解析46. It may be said //that the measure (of the worth of any social institution) is its effect (in enlarging and improving experience); / but this effect is not a part of its original motive.句子结构分析(1)该句是由but连接的并列复合句，句子的主干是it may be said…but this effect is not a part.(2)that引导的是宾语从句，其句子的主干是the measure is its effect.(3)本句是并列句，与汉语语序基本一致，可以采取顺译法。

2014年考研英语（一）英译汉试题分析和参考答案试题来源于The New York Review of Books，汉语习惯称之为《纽约书评》，是读书人最爱浏览的网站之一，也是几大书评网站中关注最高的网站之一。

发表的日期是2013年4月4日，原文题目是Beethoven and the Quality of Courage，通篇文章主要谈论的是贝多芬音乐中体现出贝多芬对自由的看法。

今年的试题与往年相比，有以下几点异同：1. 保持英语一翻译部分一贯的难度，但是总体难度比2013年要低。

2.保持英语一翻译部分一贯的特色，偏论述，爱选学术和书评性质方面的文章，2011年也曾经考过书评。

3.虽然文章提及的是贝多芬，感觉偏音乐，其实不然，保持了英语一翻译部分一贯的标准，大家都可以读懂，无太强的专业性。

原文文章如下，划线部分是今年真题，出题人对原文有改动。

Beethoven and the Quality of CourageDaniel Barenboim来源于《纽约书评》2013年4月4号，链接如下：It is always interesting and sometimes even important to have intimateknowledge of a composer’s life, but it is not essential in order to understand thecomposer’s works. In Beethoven’s case, one mustn’t forget that in 1802, the year hewas contemplating suicide—as he wrote in an unsent letter to his brothers that cameto be known as the “Heiligenstadt Testament”—he also composed the SecondSymphony, one of his works that was most positive in spirit, thus showing us that it isof vital importance to separate his music from his personal biography and not toconflate the two.Therefore, I will not aim here to provide an elaborate psychological study of theman Beethoven through an analysis of his works, or vice versa. In fact, although thefocus of this essay will indeed be Beethoven’s music, it must be understood that onecannot explain the nature or the message of music through words. Music meansdifferent things to different people and sometimes even different things to the sameperson at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, ormathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soulof the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purelyand exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence ofmetaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself. 这也是为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时，我们只能用语言来表达我们对音乐的感受，而不能完全理解音乐本身。

Between1807and1814the Iberian Peninsula(comprising Spain and Portugal)was the scene of a titanic and merciless struggle.It took place on many different planes:between Napoleon's French Army and the angry inhabitants;between the British,ever keen to exacerbate the emperor's difficulties,and the marshals sent from Paris to try to keep them in check;between new forces of science and meritocracy and old ones of conservatism and birth.(46)It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period,a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.I first discovered the Napoleonic code-breaking battle a few years ago when I was reading Sir Charles Oman's epic History of the Peninsular War.In volume V he had attached an appendix,"The Scovell Ciphers.(47)It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French Army of Spain,and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell,an officer in British headquarters.Oman rated ScovelFs significance highly,but at the same time,the general nature of his History meant that(48)he could not analyze carefully what this obscure of^cer may or may not have contributed to that great struggle between nations or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself.Keen to read more,I was surprised to find that Oman's appendix,published in1914,was the only considered thing that had been written about this secret war.I became convinced that this story was every bit as exciting and significant as that of Enigma and the breaking of German codes in the Second World War.The question was,could it be told?Studying ScovelFs papers at the Public Record Office,London,I found that he had left an extensive journal and copious notes about his work in the Peninsula.What was more,many original French dispatches had been preserved in this collection,which,I realized,was priceless.(49)There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars,but it is usually extremely dif伍cult to五nd the material they actually provided or worked on.As I researched ScovelFs story,I found far more of interest besides his intelligence work. His status in Lord Wellington's headquarters and the recognition given to him for his work were bound up with the class politics of the Army at the time.His story of self-improvement and hard work would make a fascinating biography in its own right,but represents something more than that.(50)Just as the code-breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain,so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.1附录一2022年考硏英语(一)英译汉试题及详解尿圈*..............................................46.It was also,//and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period,//①②a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.(28words)③①主句主干A It was also...a battle；②and this is unknown...是插入结构；③a battle是主句主干的表语中心词，后面的between those...and those…是介词短语修饰battle,其中两个those后面各带一个who引导的定语从句。

汉译英翻译技巧一、分清主从(Subordination）汉语句中各分句关系比较松散，所以在动笔前应认真分析句子要旨所在.句中重点往往在后.英译时，要突出重点或主句，其他部分可分别用介词短语，非谓语动词形式或各种从句表示。

1、没有农业，人们就不能生存，社会生产就不能继续下去。

Without agriculture, people cannot exist，neither can social productionproceed。

2、他们一听到“反霸”就火冒三丈，这充分暴露了他们那霸权主义的蛮横嘴脸。

The fact that they fly into a rage at a mere mention of the expression“anti—hegemony”is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists。

3、有人以为社会主义就了不起，一点缺点也没有，哪有这个事？Some believe that socialism is just perfect，without a single flaw. How canthat be true？4、但是，象我们常说的那样,道路总是曲折的，前途总是光明的。

But as we have often said，while the road ahead is tortuous, the future isbright.二、选词用字（Diction）在汉译英时应特别注意选找与原文中在意义上和风味上尽可能都类似的词语.1、每个民族都有它的长处，不然它为什么能存在?为什么能发展？Every nation has its own strong points。

If not, how can it survive？How can it progress？2、树雄心，立壮志,向科学技术现代化进军.Foster lofty ideals，set high goals and march forward for the revolutionof modernization of science and technology.3、我国的社会主义建设,需要一个和平的国际环境，需要一个国内安定团结，天下大治的局面。