广西师范大学2007年非英语专业研究生学位英语考试试题

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2007考研英语(一)真题及答案解析

2007考研英语（一）真题及答案解析Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideas of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of 1aws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the Church, 9 there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 .Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1.[A]natives [B]inhabitants[C]peoples [D]individuals2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully [C]worriedly[D]hopefully3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected4.[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted5.[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return6.[A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously [D]Generally7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical8.[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform9.[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover10.[A]with[B]about [C]among[D]by11.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded12.[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While13.[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against14.[A]spread[B]interference[C]exclusion[D]influence15.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish16.[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promised17.[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]original18.[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher19.[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred20.[ A] puzzled by[B]hostile to [C]pessimistic about[D]unprepared for文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句;有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。

【Selected】2007年考研英语(一)真题及答案.docx

20GG年考研英语（一）试题SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblanAand marA[A],[B],[C]or[D]on ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindepe ndentnations.Theroughly20million___1___ofthesenationslooAed___2___to thefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyoft heleadersofindependence___3___theidealsofrepresentativegovernment,c areers___4___totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the___5___toprivatep roperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.___6___therewasabe liefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeen oughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya___7___setoflaws.Ontheissueof___8___ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,___9___,the rewaslessagreement___10___theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenth estatereligionandtheonlyone___11___bytheSpanishcrown.___12___mostle aderssoughttomaintainCatholicism___13___theofficialreligionofthenewst ates,somesoughttoendthe___14___ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurch becamearallying___15___fortheconservativeforces.Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,val uingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad___16___inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeena bolishedeverywhereeGceptSpain’s___17___colonies.Earlypromisestoend IndiantributeandtaGesonpeopleofmiGedorigincamemuch___18___becau sethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies___19___.Egalitarians entimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas___ 20___self-ruleanddemocracy.1. [A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[D]individuals2. [A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[D]hopefully3. [A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected4. [A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted5. [A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return6. [A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously[D]Generally7. [A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical8. [A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform9. [A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover10. [A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by11. [A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded12. [A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While13. [A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against14. [A]spread[B]interference[C]eGclusion[D]influence15. [A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish16. [A]urged[B]intended[C]eGpected[D]promised17. [A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]original18. [A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher19. [A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred20. [A]puzzledby，[B]hostileto[C]pessimisticabout，[D]unpreparedforSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosi ng[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarAyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TeGt1IfyouweretoeGaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin20GG ’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostli AelyfindanoteworthyquirA:elitesoccerplayersaremoreliAelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheye arthaninthelatermonths.IfyoutheneGaminedtheEuropeannationalyoutht eamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranAs,youwouldfindthisstran gephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafewguesse s:a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccersAills;b)winter-bornbabi estendtohavehigheroGygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c)socc er-madparentsaremoreliAelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannua lpeaAofsoccermania;d)noneoftheabove.AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniv ersity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSw eden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreop portunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.HisfirsteG periment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:trainingapersontohearandt henrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20h oursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“He Aep timproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbe rs.”Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnot geneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingis moreofacognitiveeGercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinb orndifferencestwopeoplemayeGhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosediff erencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondet ermined,wasaprocessAnownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentai lsmorethansimplyrepeatingatasA.Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,o btainingimmediatefeedbacAandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueason outcome.EricssonandhiscolleagueshavethustaAentostudyingeGpertperformer sinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,n otjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsofth eirownlaboratoryeGperimentswithhighachievers.TheirworAmaAesarathe rstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,pu tanotherway,eGpertperformers–whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorco mputerprogramming–arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.21. Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto[A]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldCup.[C]introducethetopicofwhatmaAeseGpertperformance.[D]eGplainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.22. Theword“mania”(Line4,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans[A]fun.[B]craze.[C]hysteria.[D]eGcitement.23. AccordingtoEricsson,goodmemory[A]dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.[B]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveeGercises.[C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.[D]requiresimmediatefeedbacAandahighdegreeofconcentration.24. Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat[A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.[B]biographicaldataprovidetheAeytoeGcellentperformance.[C]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooAed.[D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.25.WhichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagetheteGttriest oconvey?[A]“Faithwillmovemountains.”[B]“Onereapswhatonesows.”[C]“Practicema A esperfect.”[D]“Li Aefather,liA eson.”TeGt2Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasf eaturedacolumncalled“As A Marilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynv osSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23years old;thatgaveheranIQof228–thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsasAyout ocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfolde dandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasAs.Soiti sabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(who seIQis100)as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orw hatisth enatureoflucA andcoincidence?It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualiz eobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionstha thaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdo esitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuc hcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfi elds?ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,ev enthoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprima rilyintwoforms:theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelli genceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughv ariationsofthempopulatebooAstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.Superhighsc oresliA evosSavant’sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedon astatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividi ngthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstan dardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateR ecordEGam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecess arytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“Ho wIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?”,Sternbergnotesthatt raditionaltestbes tassessanalyticalandverbalsAillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalA nowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.More over,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationsc hange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipsAillswhenthetestsw eregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwa snegativelycorrelatedwithleadership–thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.Anyo newhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-taAingsAillalsomatters,wh etherit`sAnowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstosAip.26. Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?[A]Answeringphilosophicalquestions.[B]Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.[C]Tellingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts.[D]Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.27. WhatcanbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3?[A]PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofintelligence.[B]MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet.[C]Thetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybedifferent.[D]Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumanintelligence.28.PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvosSavant ’sbecause[A]thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalprocedures.[B]creativityratherthananalyticalsAillsisemphasizednow.[C]vosSavant’scaseisaneGtremeonethatwillnotrepeat.[D]thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshaschanged.29. Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat[A]testscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofone’sability.[B]IQscoresandSATresultsarehighlycorrelated.[C]testinginvolvesalotofguessworA.[D]traditionaltestareoutofdate.30. Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIQtests?[A]Supportive.[B]SAeptical.[C]Impartial.[D]Biased.TeGt3Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncec ouldcountonhardworAandfairplaytoAeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeent ransformedbyeconomicrisAandnewrealities.NowapinAslip,abaddiagnosi s,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewl ypoorinafewmonths.Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetoworA,transformi ngbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymaAers,andcriticsofallstripeshav edebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelooAedatthesi deeffect:familyrisAhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtotheli mitsoftheirnewtwo-paychecAstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutet heyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetbacA–abacA-upearner(usuallyMom)wh ocouldgointotheworAforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsicA.This“added-worA ereffect”co uldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday, adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwitheGtraincomefro manotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenasAedtoabsorbmuchmoreris Aintheirretirementincome.SteelworAers,airlineemployees,andnowthosei ntheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutintere strates,stocAmarAetfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutliveth eirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedto moveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchor alloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentretur ns.Foryoungerfamilies,thepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofh ealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen–andnewlyfashionabl ehealth-savingsplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-MartworAer s,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentrisAforfam ilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsarewor Aingagainstthemiddlec lassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweaAelderlyparent–andalltheattendantne edforphysicalandfinancialassistance–havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegen eration.Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,l ooAsfarlessliAeanopportunitytoeGercisemorefinancialresponsibility,and agooddealmoreliAeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinanci alrisAontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbeg un,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.31. Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialrisAinthat[A]thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared.[B]theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased.[C]theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics.[D]theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance.32. AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave[A]ahighersenseofsecurity.[B]lesssecuredpayments.[C]lesschancetoinvest.[D]aguaranteedfuture.33. Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill[A]helpreducethecostofhealthcare.[B]popularizeamongthemiddleclass.[C]compensateforthereducedpensions.[D]increasethefamilies’investmentris A.34. Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]financialrisAstendtooutweighpoliticalrisAs.[B]themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges.[C]financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems.[D]financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus.35. WhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthisteGt?[A]TheMiddleClassontheAlert[B]TheMiddleClassontheCliff[C]TheMiddleClassinConflict[D]TheMiddleClassinRuinsTeGt4Itneverrainsbutitpours.Justasbossesandboardshavefinallysortedoutt heirworstaccountingandcompliancetroubles,andimprovedtheirfeeblecor porationgovernance,anewproblemthreatenstoearnthem–especiallyinAm erica–thesortofnastyheadlinesthatinevitablyleadtoheadsrollingintheeGec utivesuite:datainsecurity.Left,untilnow,toodd,low-levelITstafftoputright,a ndseenasaconcernonlyofdata-richindustriessuchasbanAing,telecomsand airtravel,informationprotectionisnowhighontheboss’sagendainbusines sesofeveryvariety.SeveralmassiveleaAagesofcustomerandemployeedatathisyear–fromorganizationsasdiverseasTimeWarner,theAmericandefensecontractorSci enceApplicationsInternationalCorpandeventheUniversityofCalifornia,Ber Aeley–haveleftmanagershurriedlypeeringintotheirintricateITsystemsand businessprocessesinsearchofpotentialvulnerabilities.“Dataisbecominganassetwhichneedstobeguardedasmuchasanyoth erasset,”saysHaimMendelsonofStanfordUniversity’sbusinessschool.“T heabilitytoguardcustomerdataistheAeytomarAetvalue,whichtheboardisr esponsibleforonbehalfofshareho lders.”Indeed,justasthereistheconcepto fGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples(GAAP),perhapsitistimeforGASP, GenerallyAcceptedSecurityPractices,suggestedEliNoamofNewYorA’sCol umbiaBusinessSchool.“Settingtheproperinvestmentlevelforsecurity,redu ndancy,andrecover yisamanagementissue,notatechnicalone,”hesays.Themysteryisthatthisshouldcomeasasurprisetoanyboss.Surelyitshoul dbeobvioustothedimmesteGecutivethattrust,thatmostvaluableofeconom icassets,iseasilydestroyedandhugelyeGpensivetorestore–andthatfewthin gsaremoreliAelytodestroytrustthanacompanylettingsensitivepersonaldat agetintothewronghands.Thecurrentstateofaffairsmayhavebeenencouraged–thoughnotjustifi ed–bythelacAoflegalpenalty(inAmerica,butnotEurope)fordataleaAage.Un tilCaliforniarecentlypassedalaw,Americanfirmsdidnothavetotellanyone,ev enthevictim,whendatawentastray.Thatmaychangefast:lotsofproposeddat a-securitylegislationisnowdoingtheroundsinWashington,D.C.Meanwhile, thetheftofinformationaboutsome40millioncredit-cardaccountsinAmerica,disclosedonJune17th,overshadowedahugelyimportantdecisionadayearli erbyAmerica’sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)thatputscorporateAmerica onnoticethatregulatorswillactiffirmsfailtoprovideadequatedatasecurity.36. Thestatement“Itneverrainsbutitpours”isusedtointroduce[A]thefiercebusinesscompetition.[B]thefeebleboss-boardrelations.[C]thethreatfromnewsreports.[D]theseverityofdataleaAage.37.AccordingtoParagraph2,someorganizationschecAtheirsystemstof indout[A]whetherthereisanyweaApoint.[B]whatsortofdatahasbeenstolen.[C]whoisresponsiblefortheleaAage.[D]howthepotentialspiescanbelocated.38. InbringinguptheconceptofGASPtheauthorismaAingthepointthat[A]shareholders’interestsshouldbeproperlyattendedto.[B]informationprotectionshouldbegivendueattention.[C]businessesshouldenhancetheirlevelofaccountingsecurity.[D]themarAetvalueofcustomerdatashouldbeemphasized.39.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatpuzzlestheauthoristhatsomebossesf ailto[A]seethelinAbetweentrustanddataprotection.[B]perceivethesensitivityofpersonaldata.[C]realizethehighcostofdatarestoration.[D]appreciatetheeconomicvalueoftrust.40. ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that[A]dataleaAageismoresevereinEurope.[B]FTC’sdecisionisessentialtodatasecurity.[C]CaliforniataAestheleadinsecuritylegislation.[D]legalpenaltyisamajorsolutiontodataleaAage.PartBDirections:YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandateGtaboutwhatparentsaresupposedtodotoguidetheirchildrenintoadulthood.ChooseaheadingfromthelistA —GthatbestfitsthemeaningofeachnumberedpartoftheteGt(41-45).Thefirs tandlastparagraphsoftheteGtarenotnumbered.TherearetwoeGtraheadin gsthatyoudonotneedtouse.MarAyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.(10poi nts)A.SetaGoodEGampleforYourAidsB.BuildYourA ids’Wor ASAillsC.PlaceTimeLimitsonLeisureActivitiesD.TalAabouttheFutureonaRegularBasisE.HelpAidsDevelopCopingStrategiesF.HelpYourAidsFigureOutWhoTheyAreG.BuildYourA ids’SenseofResponsibilityHowCanaParentHelp?Mothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandinginearlyadulthood fortheirA ids.Evenifajob’sstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyanemergi ngadult’sneedforrapidcontent,thetransitionfromschooltowor Acanbeles sofasetbacAifthestart-upadultisreadyforthemove.Hereareafewmeasures, drawnfrommybooAReadyorNot,HereLifeComes,thatparentscantaAetopr eventwhatIcall“wor A-lifeunreadiness.”Youcanstartthisprocesswhentheyare11or12.Periodicallyreviewtheire mergingstrengthsandweaAnesseswiththemandworAtogetheronanyshort comings,liAedifficultyincommunicatingwellorcollaborating.Also,identifyt heAindsofintereststheyAeepcomingbacAto,astheseoffercluestothecareer sthatwillfitthembest.Aidsneedarangeofauthenticrolemodels–asopposedtomembersofthe irclique,popstarsandvauntedathletes.Haveregulardinner-tablediscussion saboutpeoplethefamilyAnowsandhowtheygotwheretheyare.Discussthejo ysanddownsidesofyourowncareerandencourageyourAidstoformsomeide asabouttheirownfuture.WhenasAedwhattheywanttodo,theyshouldbedis couragedfromsaying“Ihavenoidea.”Theycanchangetheirminds200time s,buthavingonlyafoggyviewofthefutureisoflittlegood.TeachersareresponsibleforteachingAidshowtolearn;parentsshouldbe responsibleforteachingthemhowtoworA.Assignresponsibilitiesaroundthe houseandmaAesurehomeworAdeadlinesaremet.Encourageteenagerstot aAeapart-timejob.Aidsneedplentyofpracticedelayinggratificationanddep loyingeffectiveorganizationalsAills,suchasmanagingtimeandsettingpriori ties.Playingvideogamesencouragesimmediatecontent.Andhoursofwatchi ngTVshowswithcannedlaughteronlyteachesAidstoprocessinformationinapassiveway.Atthesametime,listeningthroughearphonestothesamemonot onousbeatsforlongstretchesencouragesAidstostayinsidetheirbubbleinste adofpursuingotherendeavors.Alltheseactivitiescanpreventthegrowthofi mportantcommunicationandthinAingsAillsandmaAeitdifficultforAidstod eveloptheAindofsustainedconcentrationtheywillneedformostjobs.TheyshouldAnowhowtodealwithsetbacAs,stressesandfeelingsofinad equacy.Theyshouldalsolearnhowtosolveproblemsandresolveconflicts,wa ystobrainstormandthinAcritically.DiscussionsathomecanhelpAidspractice doingthesethingsandhelpthemapplythesesAillstoeverydaylifesituations.Whataboutthesonordaughterwhoisgrownbutseemstobestrugglinga ndwanderingaimlesslythroughearlyadulthood?Parentsstillhaveamajorrol etoplay,butnowitismoredelicate.Theyhavetobecarefulnottocomeacrossas disappointedintheirchild.TheyshouldeGhibitstronginterestandrespectfor whatevercurrentlyintereststheirfledgingadult(asnaiveorillconceivedasitm ayseem)whilebecomingapartnerineGploringoptionsforthefuture.Mostof all,thesenewadultsmustfeelthattheyarerespectedandsupportedbyafamily thatappreciatesthem.PartCDirections: ReadthefollowingteGtcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyon ANSWERSHEET2.(1 0points)Thestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicintellectualdis ciplineinEuropeanuniversities.However,onlyinrecentyearshasitbecomeafe atureofundergraduateprogramsinCanadianuniversities.(46)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.Happily,theolderandmorecontinentalviewoflegaleducationisesta blishingitselfinanumberofCanadianuniversitiesandsomehaveevenbegunt oofferundergraduatedegreesinlaw.Ifthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishitselfaspartandparcelofagener aleducation,itsaimsandmethodsshouldappealdirectlytojournalismeducat wisadisciplinewhichencouragesresponsiblejudgment.Ontheoneha nd,itprovidesopportunitiestoanalyzesuchideasasjustice,democracyandfr eedom.(47)On the other, it linAs these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the linAs journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.ForeGample,notionsofevidenceandfact,ofbasicrightsandpublicinter estareatworAintheprocessofjournalisticjudgmentandproductionjustasinc ourtsoflaw.Sharpeningjudgmentbyabsorbingandreflectingonlawisadesir ablecomponentofajournalist’sintellectualpreparationforhisorhercareer.(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law moreprofoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.Politicsor,morebroadly,thefunctioningofthestate,isamajorsubjectf orjournalists.ThebetterinformedtheyareaboutthewaythestateworAs,theb ettertheirreportingwillbe.(49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore,thelegalsystemandtheeventswhichoccurwithinitarepri marysubjectsforjournalists.Whilethequalityoflegaljournalismvariesgreatl y,thereisanunduerelianceamongstmanyjournalistsoninterpretationssuppl iedtothembylawyers.(50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and maAe their own judgments.Thesecanonlycomefromawell-groundedunderstandingofthel egalsystem.SectionIII WritingPartA51. Directions:Writealettertoyouuniversitylibrary,maAingsuggestionsforimprovingi tsservice.Youshouldwriteabout100wordson ANSWERSHEET2.Donot e“LiMing”instead.Donot writetheaddress.(10points)PartB52. Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyoures say,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)eGplainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)supportyourviewwithaneGample/eGamples.Youshouldwriteneatlyon ANSWERSHEET2.(20points)20GG年考研英语（一）答案SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points)SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)PartA(40points)PartB(10points)PartC(10points)46. 长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

2007年考研英语一真题及答案解析

2007年考研英语一真题及答案解析Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideas of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of 1aws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the Church, 9 there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 .Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1.[A]natives [B]inhabitants[C]peoples [D]individuals2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully [C]worriedly[D]hopefully3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected4.[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted5.[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return6.[A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously [D]Generally7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical8.[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform9.[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover10.[A]with[B]about [C]among[D]by11.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded12.[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While13.[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against14.[A]spread[B]interference[C]exclusion[D]influence15.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish16.[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promised17.[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]original18.[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher19.[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred20.[ A] puzzled by[B]hostile to [C]pessimistic about[D]unprepared for文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句;有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。

2007年硕士研究生基础英语考试题

2007年硕士研究生基础英语考试题I. Vocabulary Grammar and Structure 20 scores 1. Hisattitude led him to widen __________ to narrow the gap between his colleagues and him. A instead B but C aswell as D rather than 2. The surroundings they becameused to ____________ low dark cells with a high wall encircling. A being that of B was C were D be where those 3. The fact ___________ money orders can usually beeasily cashed has made them a popular form of payment.A ofB thatC whatD which is 4. Mt. Hood_________attracts thousands of tourists every year. Awhere is in the state of Oregan B that is in the stateof Oregan C which is in the state of Oregan D is in the state of Oregan 5. Space exploration has been made___________ with the rapid development of modern technology. A possible B to be possible C it possibleD that being possible 6. Miss Muller’s brain teemed with new ideas for a novel which she is going to startwriting within this month. A was rich in B was lackingin C was distracted with D was oblivious of 7. Miriamis not easily cast down even when the circumstances are against her. A depressed B giving up C persuaded Dabandoning 8. Kevin has been to New Y ork off and on for these three years. A about two times B sometimes C many times D rarely 9. Tom w as quite at a loss where to watch for the man. A look out for B attack C ask for D examine 10. Though you may well adopt these two proposals youmust think that they are at cross purposes. A one andthe same B with opposing aims C not useful D both veryuseful 11. It is regrettable that his watch was badlymauled by his brother. A vindicated B repaired C abused D fixed 12. Jimmy sometimes leaves the window ajar inorder to breathe fresh air. A frequently polished Bcarefully treated C often broken D slightly open 13.Tom’s answer was equivocal whenever the teacher asked the same question of him. A identical B different Cambiguous D difficult 14. Since he has to finish hisreport you’d better not lure him. A dethrone B disturbC despoilD decoy 15. Mr. Smith always befuddles us with difficult questions. A provides B effervesce C confuses D reeks 16. Every idea cannot be thought as a panaceaeven if it may be very nice. A consequence B cure-allC negligenceD blast 17. Shakespeare was one of the most prolific writers in England. A abject B productive Cingenious D inventive 18. Harry felt drowsy while hewas listening to Jazz. A active B impale C inculcateD sleepy 19. Tony became scornful of his friends whenhe succeeded in the attempt. A disdainful B profane Cincipient D grateful 20. The man dabbed his foreheadwith a book he had bought in New York. . A patted B incriminated C importuned D cleaved II. Reading Comprehension 20 scores 1 Iris Rossner has seen eastern German customers weep for joy when they drive away inshiny new Mercedes-Benz sedans.” They have tears in their eyes and keep saying how lucky they are” says Rossner the Mercedes employee responsible forpost-delivery celebrations. Rossner has also seen theFrench pop corks on bottles of champagne as theirnational flag were hoisted above a purchase. And shehas seen American business executives Japanesetourists and Russian politicians travel thousands ofmiles to a Mercedes plant in southwestern Germany when a classic sedan with the trademark three-pointed starwas about to roll off the assembly line and into theirlives. Those were the good old days at Mercedes an erathat began during the economic miracle or the 1960s andended in 1991. Times have changed. “Ten years ago we had clear leadership in the market” says Mercedes spokesman Horst Krambeer. “But over this period the market has changed drastically. We a re now in a pitched battle. The Japanese are partly responsible butMercedes has had to learn the hard way that even German firms like BMW and Audi have made efforts to rise toour standards of technical proficiency.” Mercedes experienced one of its worst years ever in 1992. Theauto maker’s worldwide car sales fell by 5 percent from the previous year to a low of 527500. Before the decline in 1988 the company could sell close to 600000 cars per year. In Germany alone there were 30 000 fewer newMercedes registrations last year than in 1991. As aresult production has plunged by almost 50000 cars to529400 last year a level well beneath the company’s potential capacity of 650000. Mercedes’ competitors have been catching up in the United States the world’s largest car market. In 1986 Mercedes sold 100000vehicles in America by 1991 the number had declined to 59000. Over the last two years the struggling companyhas lost a slice of its US market share to BMW Toyotaand Nissan. And BMW outsold Mercedes in America lastyear for the first time in its history. Meanwhile justas Mercedes began making some headway in Japan a notoriously difficult market the Japanese economy fell on hard times and the company saw its sales decline by13 percent in that country. Revenues will hardlyimprove this year and the time has come for getting down to business. At Mercedes that means cutting payrolls streamlining production and opening up to consumerneeds ----- revolutionary steps for a company that once considered itself beyond improvement. 21. The author’s intention in citing various nationalities’ interestsin Mercedes is to illustrate Mercedes’ _______________.A sale strategiesB market monopolyC superior qualityD past record 22. Mercedes is having a hard time because _________-. A it is lagging behind in technology B Japan is turning to BMW for cars C its competitors arecatching up D sales in America have dropped by 13 23.In the good years Mercedes could sell about______________. A 527500 cars B 529400 cars C 600000cars D 650000 cars 24. What caused the decline ofMercedes’ sales in Japan A Japan is a very difficultmarket. B The state of the economy there. C Competition from other car companies. D BMW and Audi’s improved technical standards. 2 Elizabeth was fortunate to beborn in the full flush of Renaissance enthusiasm foreducation. Women had always been educated of course for had not St. Paul said that women were men’s equals in the possession of a soul But to the old idea that theyshould be trained in Christian manners and thought was now added a new purpose: to quicken the spirit and train them in the craft and eloquence of the classical authors of Greece and Rome. Critics were not wanting morbidly obsessed with the weaknesses of the sex ---- its loveof novelty and inborn tendency to vice ---- to thinkwomen dangerous enough without adding to their subtlety and forwardness: but they were not able to stem the tide. Henry VII’s mother was one of the first to indicatethe new trend. She knew enough French to translate “The Mirror of God for the Sinful Soul” and was the patronof Caxton the first English printer and a liberalbenefactor to the universities. Sir Thomas More’s daughters studied Greek Latin Philosophy AstronomyPhysic Arithmetic Logic Rhetoric and Music. In hishousehold women were treated as men’s equals in conversation and wit and scholars boasted of them inletters to friends abroad. The movement wasstrengthened from abroad by Catherine of Aragon HenryVIII’s Spanish Queen. In the Spain of her childhoodladies were the friends of scholars Vives one of themost refreshing figures in the history of education to write a plan of studies for the education of herdaughter Mary. This was the heritage into which thesharp-witted child Elizabeth entered. At six years old it was said she was precociously intelligent and hadas much g ravity as if she had been forty. Little is known of her education until her tenth year when she becamethe pupil of the Cambridge humanists Roger Ascham and William Grindall but she was already learning Frenchand Italian and must have been well grounded in Latin.Ascham helped her to form that beautiful Italian andshe wrote on all special occasions and with him shespent the morning on Greek first the New Testament andthen the classical authors translating them first into English and then back into the original. The afternoons were given over to Latin and she also studied Protestanttheology kept up her French and Italian and laterlearned Spanish. When she was sixteen Ascham wrote: ”Her mind has no womanly weakness her perseverance isequal to that of a man and her memory long keeps whatit quickly picks up”. Though it is easy to be cynicalabout the reputed accomplishments of the greatElizabeth was notoriously quick and intelligent and had a real love of learning. Even as queen she did notabandon her studies. 25. Women’s education in theMiddle Ages was intended to make them into goodChristians but in the Renaissance the idea was to___________________. A make them superior to men in religious and intellectual matters B make them lessreligious and more rational and intellectual C make up for their weaknesses of character and brain D developboth their religious and their intellectual capacities 26. Some p eople were against the new education for women because ___________________. A they thought womenclever and educated enough already B they were afraidof clever women a nd thought they would be badly-behavedC women t hought they would get bored with education and want to enjoy themselvesD women w ere afraid they wouldnot benefit from a good education 27. Henry VII’s mother the Lady Margaret ____________________. A was a famous teacher of French and gave money to the universitiesB gave money to the universities to help the printerCaxton C helped Caxton so that he would publish the book she had written D was a cultivated and generous woman28. The author thinks that although rich and famouspeople are often said to be cleverer than they reallyare ______________. A Elizabeth almost certainly didnot deserve this praise. B there is other evidence that Elizabeth was extremely clever. C Elizabeth was notwell-known for her hand-writing D there is otherevidence that Elizabeth was famous and cynical. 3 More people than ever before are now going to dentists’office but fully one half of the United Statespopulation will not see a dentist. The reason is quitesimple believe most dentists they are scared. Andreally what experience is worse than seeing atraditional dentist You wait in silence thumbingthrough old magazine in a sterile white waiting roomin which no one ever speaks. All is silent until anassistant calls your name and leads you back to anotherwhite room this one filled with machinery to frightenyou still further. At the Medical College of Georgiandentists are taught principles of behavior andtechniques of office design that should help reduce the patients’ anxiety and tension. Assistants andreceptionists are taught to smile and speak to thepatient. This helps create an atmosphere of trust.Dentists themselves are being taught to communicatemore fully with the patient. A phrase such as “you’re doing fine” tells the patient that the dentist is appreciative of the patients’ predicament. Dentists’offices are being repainted in “earth tones” brown green tan and other soothing colors. A startling color such as red should be avoided at all costs red bringsto mind blood and pain. Paintings and otherdistractions are strategically located music is pipedin to help the patients ignore his or her pain. Untilrecently dentists had ignored the fact that mostpatients are lying flat on their backs with little tobusy their minds other than their pains. Now dentistsare not only building ceilings with fancy patterns but also distracting their patients with ceiling TV setscomputer games and mazes and mobile sculptures. Onequick technique involves placing mirrors so patientscan distract themselves by watching fish in a tanklocated near the ceiling. Less drastic changes include redoing the practice rooms to include less of thesterile color white and redesigning the machinery adentist must use to make it appear less frightening.Uniforms are also being made in pastel and earth colors no longer in white. Some d entists go much further. They take an active role in teaching their patients to relax some a re teaching their patients deep muscle relaxation and breathing control. Some use advanced techniquessuch as hypnosis and biofeedback to help their patients relax in the chair. Drugs and painkillers may still beused to ease physical pain but all these techniques ofrelaxation help the patient relaxant avoid anxiety over their pain. 29. The main idea of this passage is that_____________. A physical surroundings affects people’s emotional reactions B decoration is the primaryfactor in relieving patient’s fears. C earth tones are soothing colors D most people feel anxious aboutphysical pain 30. We c an conclude from the passage that_______________. A relaxation blocks out all pain. Bpatients feel more pain if they think the dentist isconcerned with their feelings C being anxious and tense exaggerated the pain a patient feels D being anxiousand tense cause the pain a patient feels III. ErrorCorrection 20 scores 31. Mr. Jones is not prepared toteach this course is not doubted however at A B thislate date it is not likely that we will be able to find a replacement. C D 32. The cost of a college educationhas risen as rapidly during the past several years AB C that it is now beyond the reach of many people. D33. The young girl dreamed a dream that she was beingcarried away by monsters. A B C D 34. She was the only woman to participate in the experiment and among thefew A B C volunteers to die of it. D 35. Recent evidence suggests that an infant be born with the capacity tospeak. A B C D 36. I do not believe that I have everseen as many expensive cars than were in A B C thatshopping center. D 37. If motorists do not observe thetraffic regulations they will be stopped ticketed A BC and have to pay a fine.D 38. I was educated at StGeorge’s College where the media of teaching was A BC English throughout the school.D 39. The more complex a subject becomes the better necessary it is to breakit up A B C into a number of parts which the reader can visualize. D 40. Next to the invention of language thegreatest achievement of the people is the A B C Dinvention of writing. 41. Ms. Miller had rather spendthe entire summer in the heat of New Y ork City A B than travel with her cousins to Maine. C D 42. The NationalAir and Space Museum w hich opened in 1976 had a million A B visitors in the first twenty-five days and 9.7million visitors came there in the C D first year. 43.That manufacturer is not only raising his prices butalso decreasing the A B C production of his productsas well. D 44. Paris has been well known as its famous monuments beautiful music and .。

2007年考研英语一真题及答案解析

2007年在职攻硕英语联考真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2007年在职攻硕英语联考真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Dialogue Communication 2. V ocabulary and Structure 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Cloze Test 5. Translation 6. WritingPart I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 points)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1．Speaker A: I’d like to arrange a meeting to discuss our new plan. Are you free tomorrow?Speaker B: ______A．I couldn’t agree more.B．I’m quite sure of it.C．If only I hadn’t had a prior engagement.D．I’m afraid I’m not available until Friday.正确答案：D解析：A说：”我想安排一个会议来讨论一个我们的新计划。

你明天有空吗”?答案意思是”恐怕我星期五才有空”。

2007年考研英语一真题及答案解析

2007年全国研究生考试英语真题【3】

2007年全国研究生考试英语真题【3】29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance tohelp families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sortof nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the bos s’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year –from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.” Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged –though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that[A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part B。

广西师范大学2010年非英语专业研究生学位英语考试试卷

广西师范大学2010年非英语专业研究生学位英语考试试卷Part I Reading Comprehension(40points)Directions:There are4passages in this part.At the end of each passage,five questions will be asked about it.For the first three passages,you should read the four choices marked A,B,C and D,and decide on the best choice.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.For the last passage,you should write your answers to the questions on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe problems of the elderly are attracting greater attention largely because the American population is growing steadily older as the proportion of its aged members increase.At the time of the first United States census in1790,half of the people in the country were16or younger.By the turn of the present century the median age of the population had risen to22.9years;by1970,it was27.7;and by1977it had reached 28.9;the median age will reach35by the year2000,and will approach40by the year 2030.In time the burden of the years affects even the healthiest individual.Aging is accompanied by physiological changes that are not necessarily the result of any disease:apart from the more obvious signs of age----such as baldness,wrinkling, changes in body form,and stiffness of limbs----there is a general process of atrophy of the cells and gradual degeneration.However,the rate of physiological aging varies greatly from one person to another.Some people show noticeable signs of aging as early as fifty.Others seem relatively young and vital at seventy,and may even continue to enjoy a vigorous sex life.In general,however,ill health becomes more common with advancing age.More than three quarters of those over sixty-five suffer from some chronic health condition.But ill health need not have only physiological causes;it can have social and psychological causes as well.People tend to follow social expectations to fill the roles that are offered to them.In a sense,all we offer the aged is a sick role----the role of the infirm person who has outlived his or her usefulness to society.An urbanized, industrialized society such as the United States is oriented toward youth,mobility,and activity.It does little to integrate the old into the social structure.Unlike the elders in a traditional society,the American aged can no longer lay automatic claim on their kin for support and social participation;on the contrary,they are more likely to have to try not to be a“nuisance”to their now independent adult offspring.Nor are they regarded as the wisest members of the community as the elders in a traditional society would be;instead,any advice they give is likely to be considered irrelevant in a changing world about which their descendants consider themselves much better informed.In America,childhood is romanticized,youth is idolized,middle age does the work,wields the power and pays the bills,and old age gets little or nothing for what ithas already done.For many elderly Americans old age is a tragedy,a period of quiet despair,deprivation,desolation and muted rage.The tragedy of old age is not that each of us must grow old and die but that the process of doing so has been made unnecessarily painful,humiliating and isolating through insensitivity,ignorance,and poverty.1.The statistics in the first paragraph shows that________.A.American people are living longerB.the definition of middle age is changingC.the American society is becoming olderD.the age below40will be thought young by20302.Physiological changes that accompanying advancing age refers to all the following except_________.A.losing hairs and having lined skinB.chronic health conditionC.gradual degenerationD.bent back and difficult movement3.The social and psychological causes of ill health in the elderly are shown in the fact that__________.A.American society is urbanized and industrializedB.a distressing role is imposed on the old peopleC.youth,mobility and activity are most respectedD.young people consider themselves better informed4.The aged Americans do not depend on their offspring for support because of_______.A.their reluctance to do soB.their children’s lack of respectC.the wide generation gapD.the roles the society expects of them5.Through statistics and analysis,the passage seems to suggest that_______.A.the Americans society is hostile to old ageB.old people in America are putting on a tragedyC.what elderly Americans now endure can be avoidedD.elderly Americans are not getting what they deservePassage TwoAdvance notice is often referred to in America as“lead time,”an expression which is significant in a culture where schedules are important.While it is learned informally,most of us are familiar with how it works in our own culture,even though we cannot state the rules technically.The rules for lead time in other cultures, however,have rarely been analyzed.At the most they are known by experience to those who lived abroad for some time.Yet think how important it is to know how much time is required to prepare people,or for them to prepare themselves,for things to come.Sometimes lead time would seem to be very extended.At other times,in theMiddle East,any period longer than a week may be too long.How troublesome differing ways of handling time can be is well illustrated by the case of an American agriculturalist assigned to duty as an attachéof our embassy in a Latin country.After what seemed to him a suitable period he let it be known that he would like to call on the minister who was his counterpart.For various reasons,the suggested time was not suitable;all sorts of cues came back to the effect that the time was not yet ripe to visit the minister.Our friend,however,persisted and forced an appointment,which was reluctantly granted.Arriving a little before the hour(the American respect pattern),he waited.The hour came and passed;five minutes----ten minutes----fifteen minutes.At this point he suggested to the secretary that perhaps the minister did not know he was waiting in the outer office.This gave him the feeling he had done something concrete and also helped to overcome the great anxiety that was stirring inside him.Twenty minutes----twenty-five minutes----thirty minutes----forty-five minutes(the insult period)!He jumped up and told the secretary that he had been“cooling his heels”in an outer office for forty-five minutes and he was“damned sick and tired”of this type of treatment.This message was relayed to the minister,who said,in effect,“Let him cool his heels.”The attaché’s stay in the country was not a happy one.The principal source of misunderstanding lay in the fact that in the country in question the five-minute delay interval was not significant.Forty-five minutes,on the other hand,instead of being at the tail end of the waiting scale,was just barely at the beginning.To suggest to an American’s secretary that perhaps her boss didn’t know you were there after waiting sixty seconds would seem absurd,as would raising a storm about“cooling your heels”for five minutes.Yet this is precisely the way the minister registered the complaints of the American in his outer office!He felt,as usual, that Americans were being totally unreasonable.Throughout this unfortunate episode the attachéwas acting according to the way he had been brought up.At home in the United States his responses would have been normal ones and his behavior correct.Yet even if he had been told before he left home that this sort of thing would happen,be would have had difficulty not feeling insulted after he had been kept waiting for forty-five minutes.If,on the other hand,he had been taught the details of the local time system just as he should have been taught the local spoken language,it would have been possible for him to adjust himself accordingly.6.Lead time is an important concept of a person’s culture that is_____.A.learned casually and without planningB.vague because its rules have not been stated technicallyC.not taught formally in the classroomD.only learned through experience7.For an American,having to wait15minutes for an interview is_____.A.annoyingB.frustratingC.tolerableD.unacceptable8.Which of the following has the same meaning as“cooling his heels”?A.Standing.B.Waiting.C.Sitting.D.Relaxing.9.In that particular Latin American country,letting people wait for45minutes isconsidered_____.A.unreasonableB.impoliteC.objectionableD.quite normal10.The American diplomat felt insulted because he_____.A.was unaware of the local time systemB.did not adjust himself to the local life styleC.was not familiar with local traditionD.did not speak the local languagePassage ThreeOne great benefit of the Web is that it allows us to move information online that now resides in paper form.Several states in America are using the Web in a profound way.You can apply for various permits or submit applications for business licenses. Some states are putting up listings of jobs----not just state government jobs,but all the jobs available in the state.I believe,over time,that all the information that governments print,and all those paper forms they now have,will be moved on to the internet.Electronic commerce notches up month-by-month too.It is difficult to measure,because a lot of electronic commerce involves existing buyers and sellers who are simply moving paper-based transactions to the Web.This is not new business. Microsoft,for example,purchases millions of dollars of PCs online instead of by paper.However,that is not a fundamental change;it has just improved the efficiency of an existing process.The biggest impact has occurred where electronic commerce matches buyers and sellers who would not previously have found each other.When you go to a book site and find an obscure book that you never would have found in a physical bookstore,that is a new type of commerce.Today,about half of all PCs are still not connected to the Web.Getting communications costs down and making all the software simpler will bring in those people.And that,in turn,will move us closer to the critical mass that will make the Web lifestyle everyone’s lifestyle.One clement that people underestimate is the degree to which the hardware and software will improve.Just take one aspect:screen technology.I do my e-mail on a20-inch liquid crystal display(LCD)monitor.It is not available at a reasonable price yet,but in two years is will be.In ten years,a40-inch LCD with much higher resolution will be commonplace.The boundary between a television set and a PC will be blurred because even the set-top box that you connect up to your cable or satellite will have a processor more powerful than what we have today in the most expensive PC.This will,in effect,make your television a computer.Interaction with the Web also will improve,making it much easier for people to be involved.Today the keywords we use to search the Web often return to too many articles to sort through,many of them out of context.If you want to learn about the fastest computer chip available,you might end up getting responses instead about potato chips being delivered in fast trucks.In the future,we shall be either speaking or typing sentences into the computer.If you ask about the speed of chips,the result will be about computers,not potatoes.Speech recognition also means that you will be able to call in on a phone and ask if you have any new messages,or check on a flight,or check on the weather.To predict that it will take over ten years for these changes to happen is probably pessimistic.We usually overestimate what we can do in two years and underestimate what we can do in ten.The Web will be as much a way of life as the car by2008. Probably before.11.Electronic commerce becomes a new type of commerce when_______.A.paper-based transactions are moved on to the WebB.the efficiency of the existing process is improved by InternetC.a Web site offers more obscure goods than a physical storeD.new buyers and sellers find each other on the Internet12.The use of computer will be as common as the use of cars when_______.puter and communication become simpler and cheaperB.electronic commerce causes a fundamental changeC.the boundary between the computer and the TV disappearsernments began to move administration on-line13.What currently is the problem with the Web according the passage?A.Ineffective interaction.B.Too much informationC.Inaccurate response.D.Severe lack of speed.14.The example of potato chips is used to illustrate_________.A.the defect of computers at the present stage of developmentB.the similarity between a computer chip and a potato chipC.the speed of computer chips as compared to potato chipsD.the irrelevant responses the computer sometimes offers15.In this passage the author is trying to show that_______.A.everyone will be using computer and the Web by2008puters will be able to recognize speech in10years’timeC.changes caused by the Web will arrive sooner than we thinkD.interaction with the Web will become easier to managePassage FourWhen I was in high school,the only important considerations I looked for in a job were which job paid the most and which job had the best schedule.Now that I’ve had more experience,however,I’ve found that job satisfaction is an even more important consideration.As I headed into my first“adult”job,I didn’t realize how important actually enjoying my job could be.Then,after my freshman year at college,I got a job in the office of a vocational center for women.Since I did not have a social work degree or counseling experience,I was not allowed to work with clients.Instead,my duties involved handling the office’s paperwork.I keyboarded and filed correspondence and filled out countless forms.I soon found myself bored.I wanted to work with people, not paper,but this job kept me sitting quietly at my desk all day.The time seemed to creep by.Because of my disappointment with the office job,during my second year in college,I looked for a job that would have more people contact.Luckily,I found what I had been looking for in a job waiting on tables at locale coffee shop.People skills are very important for waiting on tables.To be a successful waitress,you need to develop a good rapport with your co-workers.Even more important,you must deal with customers in a friendly way.Waiting on tables took advantage of my ability to work well with people.Although I worked hard,the days passed very quickly.I was never bored.The pay for both the office job and waiting on tables job was adequate,though the salary I earned at the office job was far steadier.In the office job,I received a regular paycheck.As a waitress,I received a small paycheck.The bulk of my pay came as tips,and those tips varied greatly depending on what shift I worked,which tables I was assigned,and how busy the restaurant was.Though my overall waitress pay was roughly equal to what I received for office work,at the end of some days I found myself with less pay than I would have liked.The schedule of my office job was regular and predictable.I never had to arrive earlier than9a.m.or leave later than5p.m.On the other hand,waiting on tables was never regular.One week I might work from noon to nine in the evening,and the next I might work from six in the evening to three in the morning.Moreover,the tasks were more physically demanding and less predictable than those of an office job.One minute I was carrying two heavy trays of food,and the next minute I was keeping track of multiple orders at different tables.Although the work was chaotic,I thrived at waiting on tables.Now when I look for jobs,I consider job satisfaction as well as pay and schedule. When I worked in an office,the pay and schedule were good,but the job didn’t make use of my skills with people and left me dissatisfied.By contrast,although waiting on tables paid less dependably and had a more demanding schedule,I found the job much more satisfying because I worked directly with people.Working at these two jobs has taught me that job satisfaction is much more important to me than the pay and schedule.Please answer the following questions in the fewest possible words(no more than 10words in each answer).(请把答案写在答题纸上相应题号后,每题答案字数不超过10个词)16.What was the author’s first consideration in taking a job when she was young?17.Did the author feel that time went by slowly or quickly when she took her firstjob?18.What are important for working as a waitress?19.According to the author,which was a tough job,working in an office or waiting ontables?20.Did the author sometimes feel dissatisfied with the pay she got from her jobwaiting on tables?Part II Cloze(10points)Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D on the right side of the paper.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the centre.Many professions are associated with a particular stereotype.The21image of a writer,for instance,is22a slightly crazy-looking person,locked in an attic,writing23 furiously for days24.Naturally,he has his favorite pen and note-paper,or a beat-up typewriter,25he could not produce a readable word.Nowadays,we know that such images26little resemblance to reality.But are they completely false?In the case of at least one writer,it would27.Dame Muriel Spark,who2880in February,in many ways resembles this stereotypical“writer”. She is certainly not crazy,and she doesn’t work in an attic.But she is rather29about the tools of her30.She31writing with a certain type of pen in a certain type of notebook,which she buys from a certain32in Edinburgh called James Thin.In fact,so33is she that,if someone uses one of her pens34,she immediately throws it away.And she claims she would have enormous difficulty writing in any notebook35those sold by James Thin. This could soon be a problem,as the shop no longer36them,and Dame Muriel’s37 of72-page spiral bound is nearly finished.As well as her“38”about writing materials,Muriel Spark shares one other characteristic with the stereotypical“writer”:her work is the most important thing in her life.It has stopped her39;40her old friends and made her new ones,and driven her from London to New York to Rome.Today she lives in the Italian province of Tuscany with a friend.21.A.historic B.antique C.senior D.classic22.A.in B.of C.with D.for23.A.away B.off C.on D.down24.A.on finish B.on final C.on end D.on stop25.except which B.without which C.beyond which D.on which26.A.bear B.stand C.hold D.keep27.A.have seemed not B.not seem C.not have seemed D.seem not28.A.observed B.entered C.saw D.turned29.A.particular B.specific C.peculiar D.special30.A.business B.trade C.vocation D.career31.A.persists in B.insists on C.keeps on D.indulges in32.A.grocer B.chemist C.stationer D.baker33.A.mysterious B.conventional C.superstitious D.traditional34.A.by fortune B.by accident C.by chance D.by coincidence35.A.much as B.rather than C.such as D.other than36.A.piles B.stores C.stocks D.conceals37.A.supply B.provision C.supplement D.addition38.A.devotion B.preoccupation C.worship D.obsession39.A.from marrying B.to remarry C.remarrying D.remarry40.A.spent B.cost C.exhausted D.tired Part III Translation(25points)Directions:Put the following into Chinese.In this period,which is longer and more stable compared with the passage that leads to it,the tasks are as enormous as they are exhilarating:To shape a Dream,that vision of ourselves which will generate energy,aliveness,and hope.To prepare for a lifework.To find a mentor if possible.And to form the capacity for intimacy,without losing in the process whatever consistency of self we have thus far mustered.Doing what we“should”is the most pervasive theme of the twenties.The “shoulds”are largely defined by family models,the press of the culture,or the prejudices of our peers.If the prevailing cultural instructions are that one should get married and settle down behind one’s own door,a nuclear family is born.One of the terrifying aspects of the twenties is the inner conviction that the choices we make are irrevocable.It is largely a false fear.Change is quite possible, and some alteration of our original choices is probably inevitable.Part IV Writing(25points)Directions:For this part,you are required to write a short essay on the topic of Career and Family:which is more important?Your should write at least150words following the outline given below.:1.有的人认为家庭重要；2.有的人认为事业重要；3.你的观点。

2007年研究生英语一答案解析

2007年研究生英语一答案解析1、_______! Jack,the floor is wet. [单选题] *A. Be careful(正确答案)B. Be careful toC. Be careful forD. Be careful with2、______ my great joy, I met an old friend I haven' t seen for years ______ my way ______ town. [单选题] *A. To, in, forB. To, on, to(正确答案)C. With, in, toD. For, in, for3、1．________my father ________ my mother is able to drive a car. So they are going to buy one. [单选题] *A．Neither; norB．Both; andC．Either; orD．Not only; but also(正确答案)4、—How do you find（）birthday party of the Blairs? —I should say it was __________ complete failure．[单选题] *A．a; aB. the ; a(正确答案)C．a; /D．the; /5、—Can you play the violin at the art festival?—No, I ______. But I am good at playing the drums.（）[单选题] *A. canB. can’t(正确答案)C. doD. don’t6、40．—________ apples do we need to make fruit salad?—Let me think…We need three apples. [单选题] *A．How longB．How oftenC．How muchD．How many(正确答案)7、—Who came to your office today, Ms. Brown?—Sally came in. She hurt ______ in P. E. class. （）[单选题] *A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself(正确答案)8、The street was named _____ George Washington who led the American war for independence. [单选题] *A. fromB. withC. asD. after(正确答案)9、I gave John a present but he gave me nothing_____. [单选题] *A.in advanceB.in vainC.in return(正确答案)D.in turn10、The storybook is very ______. I’m very ______ in reading it. （）[单选题] *A. interesting; interested(正确答案)B. interested; interestingC. interested; interestedD. interesting; interesting11、What _______ would you like, sir? [单选题] *A. otherB. else(正确答案)C. othersD. another12、The soldiers were_____of running away when the enemy attacked. [单选题] *A.chargedB.accused(正确答案)C.scoldedD.estimated13、My friend and classmate Selina（)running in her spare time. [单选题] *A.likeB. likes (正确答案)C. is likedD. is liking14、Which do you enjoy to spend your weekend, fishing or shopping? [单选题] *China'shigh-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past fewyears.A. are growing(正确答案)B. have grownC. will growD. had grown15、Tom and Mary's house bought last year is（）Lucy, s. [单选题] *A. the three size ofB. three times the size of(正确答案)C. as three times large asD. three times as larger as16、While they were in discussion, their manager came in by chance. [单选题] *A. 抓住时机B. 不时地C. 碰巧(正确答案)D. 及时17、—Is there ______ else I can do for you? —No, thanks. I can manage it myself.（）[单选题] *A. everythingB. anything(正确答案)C. nothingD. some things18、_______ is on September the tenth. [单选题] *A. Children’s DayB. Teachers’Day(正确答案)C. Women’s DayD. Mother’s Day19、Let us put the matter to the vote,（）? [单选题] *A. will youB. can weC. may ID. shall we(正确答案)20、How _______ Grace grows! She’s almost as tall as her mother now. [单选题] *A. cuteB. strongC. fast(正确答案)D. clever21、pencil - box is beautiful. But ____ is more beautiful than ____. [单选题] *A. Tom's; my; heB. Tom's; mine; his(正确答案)C. Tom's; mine; himD. Tom's; my; his22、We can see ______ stars at night if it doesn’t rain. [单选题] *A. a thousand ofB. thousandsC. thousand ofD. thousands of(正确答案)23、The children ______ visiting the museum. [单选题] *A. look overB. look forward to(正确答案)C. look forD. look after24、19．Students will have computers on their desks ________ . [单选题] *A．in the future(正确答案)B．on the futureC．at the momentD．in the past25、He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones. [单选题] *A. anyB. someC. few(正确答案)D. many26、Mary, together with her children ,_____ some video show when I went into the sitting room. [单选题] *A. were watchingB. was watching(正确答案)C. is watchingD. are watching27、—Look at those purple gloves! Are they ______, Mary?—No, they aren’t. ______ are pink. （）[单选题] *A. you; IB. your; MyC. yours; Mine(正确答案)D. you; Me28、18．Monica wants to be a _______. She is good at sports and she loves teaching others. [单选题] *A．coach(正确答案)B．secretaryC．architectD．waiter29、We should _______ a hotel before we travel. [单选题] *A. book(正确答案)B. liveC. stayD. have30、20．Jerry is hard-working. It’s not ______ that he can pass the exam easily. [单选题] *A．surprise B．surprising (正确答案) C．surprised D．surprises。

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1 广西师范大学2007年非英语专业研究生学位英语考试试题姓名学号专业 Part I: Vocabulary & Structure (20 Points) 1. ______ the fact that I don’t like my job, I must work hard. a. In stead of b. Despite of c. In case of d. In spite of 2. He show great interests in medicine in ______. a. special b. especial c. particular d. especially 3. Being out of work for a long time, he is ____ and he’ll take any job offered him. a. despair b. dissatisfied c. desperate d. uncomfortable 4. The disease was confined ____ the southern part of the country only. a. at b. to c. along d. on 5. She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasn’t my ____ to hurt her. a. implication b. indication c. intention d. invasion 6. It never ___ to me that the clue to the problem lies in such a simple experiment. a. meant b. occurred c. recollected d. happened 7. He was dripping with sweat, his shirt ___ to his skin. a. pasted b. adapted c. attached d. stuck 8. The manager promised to ___ me informed of how our business was going on. a. maintain b. sustain c. keep d. retain 9. CCTV programs are ____by satellite to the remotest areas in the country. a. transferred b. transmitted c. transformed d. transported 10. Glemn’s heroic flight into space entitled him ____ a place in history. a. for b. with c. to d. of 11.______ the salesman said, the housewife would not buy anything. a. No matter how b. No matter where c. No matter what d. No matter that 12. When the bell rang, all the examinees left the exam hall, ______. a. each smiled b. each has smiled c. each to smile d. each smiling 13. Although we had told them not to keep us waiting, they made no _____ to speed up deliveries. a. trial b. attempt c. action d. progress 14. Having lost her job, the middle-aged woman tried to ____ what she should do next. a. make out b. stand out c. sort out d. figure out 15. After the big job was finished, the builder ___ the number of men working for him. a. cut off b. cut out c. cut down d. cut up 16. Only guest of the hotel enjoy the _____ of bowling on the 6th floor. a. favor b. possibility c. advantage d. privilege 17. Teaching as a career ____ to many people because of the long holidays. 2

a. attracts b. calls c. pulls d. appeals 18. What matters is _____ the same mistake next time. a. avoiding to make b. avoid making c. to avoid making d. to avoid to make 19. My cases are too heavy, and the airline charged me 40 dollars for ___ baggage. a. exceeding b. excess c. excessive d. exclusive 20. Before they ran away, the criminals had ____ all the evidence. a. ruined b. destroyed c. damaged d. broken

Part II: Reading Comprehension (40 Points) Passage One Since the 1950s, most of the stars of pop music have come from Britain and America. However, in the last ten years, when many different kinds of music have established themselves on the pop scene, more and more stars have come from other countries. Pop music changes all the time and new stars appear and become famous. Many of today’s stars started out in the 1960s and have changed their music to suit the time. Although most stars take many years to become famous, their fame does not usually last long. For a musician, to stay popular and still produce good, original music over a long period of time is a sign of true star. Most stars start their careers in a simple way—playing in unknown night clubs or dance halls where people want to dance to the music, not listen to it. They may have continued doing this for many years until they get a “break”. They begin performing in a well-known place or get recording contract. To become a star is the aim of every singer or musician and the dream of many a pop crazy teenager. However a group or star makes it to the top, they can be sure that their lives will change once they are successful. Ordinary teenagers living at home with their parents may suddenly find themselves rich enough to buy their own houses. An established super star may be able to buy several. Despite the large amounts of money that are earned, life at the top is not easy for many stars. The pop scene is hard work and many stars need to spend a lot of time away from home. For a lot of them, this means they have no home life and their personal relationships suffer. Despite great public success, life at the top can be very lonely.

1. According to the passage, more an more stars have come from other countries because _____________. a. more and more countries have been established recently b. more kinds of music have become popular in the world. c. more stars have become famous d. pop music never remains the same for long 2. In the eyes of the author, true stars are those_____.

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