研究生英语学位课统考真题

Part I Listening Comprehension (25minutes, 20points)Section A (1Point each)1. A. He doesn't like classic music. B. He feels sorry to decline the offerC. He is eager to go to the concert.D. He hasn't got a ticket yet.2. A. At the garage. B. At the restaurant. C. At the supermarket. D. At the office.3. A. Tony doesn't always listen. B. Tony has hearing problems.C. It's unusual that Tony missed the interviewD. Tony often forgets himself.4. A. The weather is generally cooler and drier. B. The weather is generally warmer and wetter.C. The weather is moderately hot.D. The weather is usually changeable.5. A. A doctor. B. An operator, C. A nurse. D. A dentist.6. A. $ B. $ C. $ D. $7. A. He had something wrong with his watch. B. He thought the meeting was for a differentday. 8. A. He didn't attend Professor Smith's class last time.B. He thinks the class will meet as scheduled.C. The woman should pose a more serious question.D. Professor Smith often cancels classes for the long weekend.9. A. The woman does not drink beer. B. It was not the woman's coat.C. The woman just had her coat cleaned.D. The woman is not angry with the man.Section B ( 1 point each)10. A. 850,000 children, around two percent, are currently learning at homeB. School system provides teachers for homeschooling.C. All the states in the U.S. permit homeschooling.D. Homeschooled children are never expected to go to college.11. A. Because their children do not like attending schools.B. Because they love their children too much to send them away from homeC. Because homeschooling provides more time for the family to be together.D. Because they are able to help their kids to learn more social skills.12. A. A variety of honeybee. B. A geographic magazine.C. A National Home School Honor SocietyD. A national top competition.13. A. Importance of biodiversity. B. Protection of wild species.C. Farm pollution.D. Agricultural methods.14. A. Rice, maize, potato and wheat. B. Corn, bean, rice and wheat.C. Potato, maize, bean and rice.D. Rice, corn, wheat and sweet potato15. A. They can harm wetlands, rivers and other environments needed to support lifeB. They can destroy crops, native species and property.C. They spread in areas they are not native to with natural controls.D. They hardly survive different conditions.Section C ( 1 point each)Lecture Topic: Getting a good night ’s sleep16. There are several ___________ drugs available to help people sleep.If you don’t to use drugs, there are some things you can do on your own to help get a goodwant night’s 17. 1)___________________________________________sleep:C. His oral presentation was not well-prepared.D. He was not paying attention to the time.18. 2)___________________________________________19. 3)___________________________________________20. 4)___________________________________________PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A point each )21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors' instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24.Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you'll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27.Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B point each)dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home.A. humbleB. obscureC. inferiorD. lower33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible.A. humidityB. humanityC. harmonyD. honesty34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.A. vesselB. vestC. ventureD. vehicle35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who ___six years of instruction.A. set aboutB. run forC. sit throughD. make for36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an even deeper______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm.A. accustomed toB. committed toC. applied toD. suited to38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths.A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient's life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk.A. exposeB. leadC. contributeD. send40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun.A. tourB. travelC. visitD. tripPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Harvard University's under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard's curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization."Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important," said Kirby.Particularly 44is the idea that students need to spend time overseas,either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university." 46 studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in China."It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required "core curriculum". The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized "ways of knowing".Under a new plan,the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49"Harvard College Courses", emphasizing knowledge over methodology and 50 wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross,Harvard College dean.41. A. inspecting B. reviewing C. searching D. underlying42. A. in accordance with B. in line with C. in charge of D. in response to43. A. update B. uphold C. upset D. upward44. A. trust-worthy B. note-worthy C. praise-worthy D. reward-worthy45. A. turn out B. turn in C. turn to D. turn over46. A. In spite of B. As if C. Let alone D. Rather than47. A. perish B. destroy C. abolish D. denounce48. A. appropriate B. imaginative C. special D. specific49. A. optical B. optional C. opposite D. optimistic50. A. sparing B. spiraling C. spanning D. sparklingPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneA report published recently brings bad news about air pollution.It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people doto reduce exposure to air pollution.' Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes( 烟气). Also don't walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutantscan be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver's side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to causea build-up of pollutants.51. What is the passage mainly aboutA. How to fight air pollution in big cities.B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________.A.can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disasterB.cannot be compared with the disaster in ChernobylC.can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterD. can be more serious than we used to think53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________.A. where the wind is comingB. where the wind is goingC. where the wind is weakerD. where the wind is stronger54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________.A. on the left side in the busB. on the right side in the busC. in the middle of the busD. at the back of the bus55. It is implied in the passage that ________.A.people should not take street level transportationB.tiny iron particles will not cause health problemsC.air pollution on an underground train is less poisonousD. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________.A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduceB. stay away from the traffic as far as possibleC. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the streetD. count down for the light to changePassage TwoGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. "Wouldn't it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn't it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action," Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revertto a cold,windy region,like the weather in Siberia.Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley's research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn't predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming,but it is something everyone should consider."This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it's part of that because we're not going to get along with each other if we're not getting along with the planet," Alley said.57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________.A. can be easedB. can be endedC. will become worseD. will last for decades58. Ally's research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________.A.abrupt changes in atmospheric patternsB.subtle changes in atmospheric patternsC. humans' burning of fossil fuelD.increasing levels of carbon dioxide59. The word "upbeat" (in Paragraph 3) probably means __________.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. worriedD. insensible60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warmingA. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate.C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels.D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into______.A. a region like SiberiaB. a warmer and warmer placeC. a tropical regionD. a place like North Pole62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world isA. lack of harmonyB. violenceC. global warmingD. climate shiftPassage ThreeWe're talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It's nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don't work out that way. They point to an idea called the "paradox of thrift." Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don't have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.It's a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won't buy things that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.If you think you really want that product because it's beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product.63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________.A. enjoy their present life as much as possibleB. spend every penny they have earnedC. save every penny for the futureD. save some money for later use64. According to the context, "paradox" (in Paragraph 2) probably means “__________ ”.A. contradictionB. hypothesisC. declarationD. assertion65. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United StatesA. have to work hard to make ends meetB. spend more than they can affordC. have trouble in paying back their debtsD. don't pay back their debts on time66. According to the resent studies made by economists, people__________.A. take pleasure in buying useless thingsB. won't buy things that they need.C. spend their money irrationallyD. make rational choices while spending their money67.It has been proved by the scientists at Stanford University that some people like to save moneybecause_____.A.they like keeping their money in the bankB.they will feel safe if they save enough money for the futureC.they don't want to spend their money on useless thingsD.spending money gives them pain68. The passage mainly tells us_________.A. how to spend our moneyB.it is better to save some money for the futureC.it is the chemicals released from the brain that decide our spendingD.how to form a habit of rational spendingPassage FourTrees are good.Good enough to hug.Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be.This is the subject of a newly published study by Govindasamy Bala,of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,in California,and his colleagues.Dr Bala has found,rather counter-intuitively,that removing all of the world's trees might actually cool the planet down.The reason for this is that trees affect the world's temperature by means other than the carbon they take in.For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a snowstorm.They are certainly darker than grasslands,and thus they can absorb more of the sun's heat than vegetation which might otherwise cover the same stretch of land.That warms things up.Dr Bala and his colleagues took such effects into account using a computer model called the Integrated Climate and Carbon Model.Unlike most climate-change models,which calculate how the Earth should absorb and radiate heat in response to a list of greenhouse-gas concentrations,this one has many subsections that represent how the carbon cycle works,and how it influences the climate.Overall,Dr Bala's model suggests that complete deforestation would cause an additional C temperature rise compared with business as usual,because of the higher carbon-dioxide levels that would result.However,the additional reflectivity of the planet would cause C of cooling. A treeless world would thus be C cooler than otherwise.No one,of course,would consider chopping down the world's forests to keep the planet cool.But having made their point,Dr Bala and his colleagues then went on to look at forest growth and loss at different latitudes.Planting trees in convenient places such as Europe and North America may actually be counterproductive.In Russia and Canada,cutting trees down led mostly to local cooling.The carbon dioxide this released into the atmosphere,though,warmed the world all over.Around the equator,by contrast,warming acted locally (as well as globally),so a tropical country would experience warming created by cutting down trees.The results follow increasing criticism from climate scientists of the benefits of forestry schemes to offset carbon emissions.Planting trees to neutralise carbon emissions has become a big business:£60m worth of trees have been bought this year, up from £20m in 2005. By 2010 the market is expected to reach £300m.69.According to the passage,trees make the world warmer because of their _________.A. deep colorB. round shapeC. enormous sizeD. high reflectivity70. Dr Bala's Integrated Climate and Carbon Model____________.A.supports the findings of other climate modelsB.is based on the results of other climate modelses a system different from other climate modelsD.challenges the basic theory of other climate models71. Based on Dr Bala's model, a treeless world would__________.A.cause serious environmental problemsB.prove helpful in fighting global warmingC. make it difficult to deal with climate changeD.raise carbon dioxide levels and global temperature72. According to Dr Bala, the best places to plant trees would be__________.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. High-latitude countries.D. tropical countries73. As is shown in the passage, criticism from other climate scientists__________.A. should be taken rather seriouslyB. is unreasonable and far-fetchedC. involves mostly economic interestsD. is voiced on behalf of the government74. The best title for the passage is____________.A. Should Green Trees Be Left AloneB. Why Green Trees Might Not Be GreenC. How to Help Green Trees SurviveD. How to Go Green with Green TreesPassage FiveThe patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked.The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative,because she was quite certain it had not been checked.Well,almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap.The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, "The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring." But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedback -- positive and negative -- about their supervising physicians at the closeof their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patient's benefit, is whistle-blowing.75. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy______________.A. is useful to the people on the lower layerB. is built on a performance-reward systemC. is a barrier to the exchange of medical viewsD.is an effective way of teaching medical students76. "the benefit of the doubt" in Paragraph 5 shows that_________________.A. the student was not quite certain that she was rightB. the resident did not respond to the student's doubtC. the student was denied the chance to doubt the superiorD.the resident benefited from the student's suggestion77. James Dwyer's words mean that___________.A.students should learn to speak both kindly and professionallyB.students should challenge the superior for the benefit of patientsC.students should retain their faith even after facing some difficultiesD.students should be educated on how to care more about the patients78. What is the attitude of medical educators toward teaching students to give feedbackA. Confused.B. Indifferent.C. Reluctant.D. Enthusiastic.79. The author tends to believe that the problem faced by medical studentsA. will remain for a long timeB. will disappear in the near futureC. should not be exaggeratedD. cannot be solved successfully80. The passage focuses on_____________.A.the development of teaching hospitals'hierarchiesB.the different roles in teaching hospitals'hierarchiesC.the future reforms on teaching hospitals'hierarchiesD.the problems caused by teaching hospitals'hierarchiesPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation ．Section B(15 minutes，10 points)中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。

2022研究生学位英语考试真题及答案全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey guys, have you ever wondered what kind of questions are on the 2022 postgraduate English exam? Today, I'm going to share the questions and answers with you!Question 1:Fill in the blank with the correct word:She likes to play piano _____ her brother likes to play guitar.Answer:whileQuestion 2:Choose the correct option:I _____ to the supermarket yesterday.a) gob) goesc) wentAnswer:c) wentQuestion 3:Make a sentence using the words provided:Dog - park - happyAnswer:The dog is happy playing in the park.Question 4:Write a short paragraph about your favorite animal.Answer:My favorite animal is a panda. Pandas are so cute and fluffy. They love to eat bamboo and play in the trees. I wish I could hug a panda one day!Question 5:Translate the following sentence into English:。

2021年6月研究生学位英语真题(附完整参考答案)2021-6PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points ) Section A (0.5 point each )21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous 22.The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence. A. support B. restrict C. raise D. modify 23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors' instructions forquick recovery. A. improve on B. abide by C. draw upon D. reflect on24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove ourfear of GM foods. A. abundant B. controversial C. conducive D. convincing 25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for thetest will be better off. A. more wealthy B. less successful C.dismissed earlier D. favorably positioned 26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you'll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum. A. influence B. strength C. outlook D. consequence 27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches. A. believed B. discarded C. advocated D. confirmed 28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices. A. assessing B. cutting C. elevating D.altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices ofhousing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the citiesto live beside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B (0.5 point each)31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled upwith32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guestin his _____ home. A. humble B. obscure C. inferiorD. lower33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from________ as possible. A. humidity B. humanity C. harmonyD. honesty34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play ahuge role in our life. A. vessel B. vest C. venture D. vehicle35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high schooldiploma to all who ___six years of instruction.A. set aboutB. run forC. sit throughD. make for36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaningdigitalization could drive an even deeper ______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation137. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm.A. accustomed toB. committed toC. applied toD. suited to 38. Thesun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths. A. elegant B. immense C. hollow D. clumsy39. This patient's life could be saved only by a major operation. Thatwould _____ her to a high risk.A. exposeB. leadC. contributeD. send40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution,around the sun. A. tour B. travel C. visit D.tripPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Harvard University's under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard's curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization.\research, and science in general are ever more important,\Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university.\should be spending a semester at a university in China.\It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required \curriculum\The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized \Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49\College Courses\for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean.41. A. inspecting 42. A. in accordance with 43. A. update 44. A. trust-worthy 45. A. turn out 46. A. In spite of 47. A. perish 48. A. appropriate 49. A. optical 50. A. sparingB. reviewing B. in line with B. uphold B. note-worthy B. turn in B. As if B. destroy B. imaginative B. optional B. spiralingC. searching C. in charge of C. upset C. praise-worthy C. turn to C. Let alone C. abolish C. special C. opposite C. spanningD. underlying D. in response to D. upward D. reward-worthy D. turn over D. Rather than D. denounce D. specific D. optimistic D. sparkling2PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage OneA report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.'? Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don't walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver's side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants. 51. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to fight air pollution in big cities.B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________. A.can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disaster B. cannot be compared with the disaster in ChernobylC. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterD. can be more serious than we used to think53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side___________. A. where the wind is coming B. where the wind is going C. where the wind is weaker D. where the wind is stronger54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________.A. on the left side in the busB. on the right side in the busC. in the middle of the busD. at the back of the bus355. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. people should not take street level transportationB. tiny ironparticles will not cause health problemsC. air pollution on an underground train is less poisonousD. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus 56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________. A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduce B. stay away from the traffic as far aspossibleC. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the streetD. count down for the light to changePassage TwoGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably easethe climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. \piece of the action. Wouldn't it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action,\Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley's research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said. Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn't predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider. \along with each other. But it's part of that because we're not going to get along with each other if we're not getting along with the planet,\57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________. A. can be eased B. can be endedC. will become worseD. will last for decades58. Ally's research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________. A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patterns B. subtle changes in atmospheric patterns C. humans' burning of fossil fuelD. increasing levels of carbon dioxide59. The word \4A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. worriedD. insensible 60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming? A. Tofind other energy sources besides fossil fuels. B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate. C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels.D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______.A. a region like SiberiaB. a warmer and warmer placeC. a tropical regionD. a place like North Pole62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world isA. lack of harmonyB. violenceC. global warmingD. climate shiftPassage ThreeWe're talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It's nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don't work out that way. They point to an idea called the \you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don't have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.It's a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actuallybehave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won't buy things that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University inthe US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas ofthe brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.If you think you really want that product because it's beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain whenthe eyes see a product.63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to_____________.5感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

研究生英语学位考试真题及答案Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A (1 Point each)1. A. His paper has been published with the help of his adviser.B. His paper has won an award with the help of his adviser.C. His paper has been revised by his adviser.D. His paper has got the approval from his adviser.2. A. Tom is terribly ill. B. Tom is in low spirits.C. Tom is bad-tempered.D. Tom is nervous at the moment3. A. He saw his boss in person for the first time.B. He is now complaining in a different way.C. He has made his boss change his attitude.D. He has changed his opinion of his boss.4. A. He was not fond of the concert.B. He didn't like the tea offered at the concert.C. He left early to have some tea with somebody else.D. He doesn't want to tell the woman why he was not there.5. A. He always looks down upon others.B. He always lowers the value of others.C. He always judges people by their appearanceD. He is always reluctant to take newcomers.6. A. She is always stupid. B. She is always concentrated.C. She is always careless.D. She is always absent-minded.7. A. She wants to leave a way out. B. She doesn't trust her boss.C. She wants to repay her boss.D. She wants to stay with her boss as long as possible8. A. She should let her daughter decide.B. She should choose what the teacher is interested in.C. She should make the same choice as the other parents.D. She should choose what she is interested in.9. A. She felt very cold because of the weather. B. She was frightened by the scene.C. She sent the two boys to the hospital.D. She went to help the injured immediately. Mini-talk one10. A. He went mountain climbing. B. He went camping.C. He went to a party:D. He went to a concert.11. A. He was lost in the forest. B. He was caught in a natural disaster.C. He was woken up in the middle of the night.D. He burned his dinner.12. A. Because it was too noisy. B. Because he wanted to join the party.C. Because he was too tired.D. Because he turned on some music.Mini-talk Two13. A. They may be overweight. B. They may earn less money.C. The may suffer from serious diseases.D. They may have lasting damage in their brain.14. A. Improving children's nutrition in their country.B. Providing their people with cleaner conditions.C. Improving health care for their people.D. Providing their people with better education.15. A. Preschool period. B. Teenage period.C. Between birth and 15 years old.D. Between pregnancy and two years old.Section C (1 point each)16. "Facebook" and "MySpace" are some of the most popular blog sites for_______________.17. Blogs offer young people a place to show their writings and ______________.18. Personal information puts teenagers at risk of being sought out by dangerous people who ______.19. When teenagers include information on their blogs that can be seen as a threat to others they can ___________________.20. Parents are advised to read their children's blogs to make sure they are not giving out__________.PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each)21. The city was virtually paralyzed by the transit strike for better wages.A. subjectivelyB. imaginablyC. positivelyD. practically22. In spite of the taxing business schedule, he managed to take some time off for exercise.A. imposingB. demandingC. compulsoryD. temporary23. The court held the parents accountable for the minor child's acts of violence.A. responsible forB. indifferent toC. desperate forD. involved in24.The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed in terms of their interrelationships.A. in units ofB. with reference toC. in aspects ofD. on condition of25. "There is a weird power in a spoken word," Joseph Conrad once said.A. mightyB. prospectiveC. oddD. formidable26. Poverty and inadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community's health.A. destructionB. contributionC. chargeD. origin27. This old man had trouble expressing the attachment he felt when arriving at his native town.A. hospitalityB. affection C: appeal D. frustration28. If you become reconciled to your lot, you will never get a new start in life.A. submissiveB. resistantC. tolerableD. committed29. The little girl felt increasingly uneasy while waiting for hermother at the bus-stop.A. difficultB. excitedC. relievedD. restless30. A high official is likely to win respect and trust if he can stick to his principles.A. turn toB. add toC. keep toD. lead toSection B (0.5 point each)31. To achieve sustainable development, the of resources is assuming new importance.A. conservationB. reservationC. exhaustionD. devastation32. The sale of alcoholic beverages is ________ to those above21 in some regions.A. confinedB. inhibitedC. obligedD. restricted33. The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized by developing anddeveloped countries_______.A. bothB. eitherC. alikeD. apart34. Before the 1980s, the idea of health insurance was quite _______ to those living in the mainland of China.A. overseasB. abroadC. foreignD. offshore35. The government is expected to make new legislations to ______ foreign investment in real estate.A. manipulateB. regulateC. dominateD. prevail36. Despite the suspect's ________to be innocent, there is compelling evidence that he was involved.A. convictionB. assertionC. accusationD. speculation37. For many countries, being part of a global supply chain is like striking oil -- oil that may never ____.A. run outB. work outC. turn outD. call out38. Having been an office secretary for some years, she always _______chores in a responsible way.A. goes onB. goes forC. goes withoutD. goes about39. Without clear guidelines ______, executives of hospitals are sometimes at a loss about what to do.A. in orderB. in placeC. in needD. in trouble40. The age of other trees is variously estimated as ______ from two hundred to eight hundred years.A. changingB. differingC. varyingD. rangingPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Every year, as the price of goods rises, the inflation refuses to (41) even from the high educational institutions.In the US, according to a 2005 survey by the College Board, (42) at state universities rose by an average of 7.1 percent annually, after a year when inflation grew much less. At private schools it was up 5.9 percent. The survey which (43) more than 3,000 colleges and universities did not provide clear reasons for the continued increases. It did say that the price of goods and services at universities have risen rapidly. Some of the fastest growth has been in employee health (44), and professional salaries.Living expenses on campus have also (45). At the university of Southern California student dining hall, a buffet meal cost $5.50 in 2004. But now it's $9. The US government often provides (46) assistance to students' lunch in primary and high schools, but these favorable policies usually don't (47) universities.Some students said the food on campus is sometimes even more expensive than that at restaurants (48) campus.To compensate the rise in tuition and living expenses, the federal and state governments (49) universities and private sources have provided (50) for students. Of all the full time undergraduates about 62 percent have a grant covering 30-50 percent of their tuition, according to the College Board.41. A. stay away B. stand out C. step down D. set off42. A. fares B. payment C. charges D. tuition43. A. attended B. covered C. included D. composed44. A. welfares B. advantages C. benefits D. goods45. A. rolled up B. gone up C. sat up D. taken up46. A. management B. economic C. policy D. financial47. A. apply to B. suit for C. adjust to D. gear for48. A. in B. to C. off D. over49. A. as well as B. the same as C. as far as D. such as50. A. grasps B. grains C. grounds D. grantsPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneDid your mum and dad go to university, or did they leave school and go straight to the Job Centre? The educational experience of parents is still important when it comes to how today's students choose an area of study and what to do after graduation, according to The Future-track research in the UK.The research was done by the Higher Education Careers Service Unit. It plans to follow university applicants for six years from 2006 through their early careers.The first year's findings come from a study of 130,000 university applicants. They show significant differences inprospective students' approach to higher education, depending on whether their parents got degrees (second-generation applicants) or didn't (first-generation applicants).First-generation applicants were more likely to say that their career and employment prospects were uppermost in their minds in deciding to go to university. About one-fifth of this group gave "to enable me to get a good job" as their main reason for choosing HE. And 37 percent said that a degree was "part of my career plan".A young person coming from a non-professional household where finances are stretched may find the idea of learning for its own sake to be a luxury. This explains the explosion in vocational courses.At Portsmouth University, first-year student Kim Burnett, 19, says that she specifically chose her degree in health research management and psychology to get a secure, well-paid job. Harriet Edge, 20, studying medicine at Manchester University, also wanted job security. Her parents lacked college degrees, though the fact that her uncle is a doctor appears to have influenced her choice."Medicine is one of those fields where it's pretty likely you'll get a job at the end. That's a big plus, as the debt levels after five years of study are going to be frightening," she says. Many experts believe that this situation affects those with no family tradition of higher education far more keenly. The fact that 26 percent of respondents said that they needed more advice implies that some students may end up feeling that their higher education investment was not worthwhile.For those with graduate parents, this lack of guidance may, the researchers suggest, be less of a problem. " But, for thosewithout the advantages, lack of access to career guidance before applying for higher education leaves them exposed to making poorer choices," the survey concludes.51. The main idea of the passage is that_________.A. parents' experiences are more important for their children's educationB. parents' careers are vitally important for their children's degreesC. students' approach to higher education correlates with their parents' educational experienceD. students' career and employment prospects are decided by their parents52. "HE" in the 4th paragraph probably refers to __________.A. health educationB. higher employmentC. Harriet EdgeD. higher education53. A young person coming from a non-professional household ____________.A. is less likely to get financial aid to go to universityB. is more likely to choose vocational educationC. may think learning for pleasure is a good ideaD. may choose to study for a professional degree54. In which of the following aspects do Kim Burnett and Harriet Edge have in common?A. They both chose their majors because of their family influence.B. They are both the first-year students in university.C. Both of their parents lack college degrees.D. Both of them chose degrees for job security.55. It is implied that ____________.A. the cost of a degree in medicine is very highB. higher education investment in medicine is not worthwhileC. a student without family medical tradition is less likely to choose medicineD. medicine is a field where every degree-holder can get a job56.Those with graduate parents may _________.A. make poorer choices when choosing their majorsB. make better choices when applying for higher educationC. not need career guidance before graduationD. have no problems in applying for a collegePassage TwoLast month, the public address system at Earl's Court subway station in London was ordered to get the noise down. Passengers, it seems, had had enough of being told the blindingly obvious: "Stand back or the train will run you over." "Don't lean on the doors." "Stand back from the opening doors." "Do this." "Don't do that."Bossiness is not just aural. It is also written. As a commuter, I'm continually bombarded by notices on car walls. "Please take your feet off the seat." "Please turn down your personal stereo." And when I drive past the local primary, a sign flashes: "School. Slow down!"The presumption behind these signs is that Britons must have everything spelled out because we are tow, uncivilized people who were raised by wolves.Britain didn't use to be so bossy. When I was a boy, for instance, the local cinema put a warning on screen before we settled down to watch. "Don't," it said, "make noises." In thosedays, long before mobile phones, it was the only bossiness we saw in the cinema. Since then, bossiness has become more commonplace. Television, that strongest guide to public morals and lifestyles in this country, is alive with dominant people. On screen, we see health experts holding some poor woman's breasts and demanding that she get in shape. Cooking programs tell us not to think of leaving toast crumbs on the kitchen table.There is no point in blaming TV for this new bossiness. We want to be bossed. We have behaved badly and now we yearn to feel the whip to correct us. On July 1, smoking will be banned in public places in England. My local government told churches in the area last week that no-smoking posters must be prominently displayed by church entrances.I love this: the governments are bossing people to make them more bossy. They are insisting that priests tell their congregations (教区的教民) what to do.My local government isn't the only source of bossiness. I find it everywhere. But the rise in bossiness does not seem to have been accompanied by a rise in socially well-adjusted behavior. In fact, the opposite. Perhaps this is because, if you feel as though you are treated with contempt, you will respond with the same.57. The case at Earl's Court subway station shows that _________.A. it is very noisy in public placesB. it is necessary to warn the passengers of their safetyC. people have realized the importance of public orderD. people have been tired of being bossed58. It is presumed that bossiness is everywhere because Britons__________.A. need to be bossed to behave themselvesB. want to be reminded of how to behave wellC. must have everything spelled outD. are raised in uncivilized society59. It is suggested in the passage that____________.A. now Britons behave much better than they did in the pastB. in the past Britons behaved much better than they do nowC. the dominant people on screen should be blamed for the new bossinessD. television has misguided the public morals and lifestyles in Britain60. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Television should play a role in enhancing public morals.B. The local government has got involved in the church activities.C. The governments want to make themselves more authoritative by bossing people.D. The rise in bossiness has helped the improvement of people's behavior.61. The author writes this passage in a _________.A. funny toneB. criticizing toneC. friendly toneD. radical tone62. What is the appropriate title of this passage?A. British People Have Had Enough Bossiness AroundB. British People Want to Be BossedC. Bossiness in Great Britain: Its Past and PresentD. Bossiness in Great Britain Should Be IgnoredPassage ThreeIt began as just another research project, in this case to examine the effects of various drugs on patients with a severe mood disorder. Using an advanced brain scanning technology--the clumsily named echo-planar magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (磁共振光谱成像) procedure, or EP-MRSI--researchers at Boston's McLean Hospital scanned the medicated and un-medicated brains of 30 people with bipolar disorder in order to detect possible new treatments for the more than 2 million American adults who suffer from the disease.But something unexpected happened. A patient who had been so depressed that she could barely speak became ebullient after the 45-minute brain scan. Then a second patient, who seemed incapable of even a smile, emerged actually telling jokes. Then another and another. Was this some coincidence? Aimee Parow, the technician who made these observations didn't think so. She mentioned the patients' striking mood shifts to her boss and together they completely refocused the study: to see if the electromagnetic fields might actually have a curative effect on depressive mood.As it turns out, they did. As reported last month in the American Journal of Psychiatry, 23 of the 30 people who were part of the study reported feeling significantly less depressed after the scan. The most dramatic improvements were among those who were taking no medication. The researchers are cautious. Says Bruce Cohen, McLean's president and psychiatrist in chief: “I want to emphasize that we are not saying this is the answer but this is a completely different approach in trying to help the brain than anything that was done before."It's a completely different approach because of the way the magnetism is applied to the brain. But it's an example of newresearch on an old idea: that the brain is an electromagnetic organ and that brain disorders might result from disorder in magnetic function. The idea has huge appeal to psychiatrists and patients alike, since for many people the side effects of psychiatric (精神的) drugs are almost as difficult to manage as the disease itself. And 30 percent of the nearly 18.8 million people who suffer from depression do not respond to any of the antidepressants available now. People with other severe mental disorders might benefit as well. And while no one fully understands exactly why or how the brain responds as it does to electrical currents and magnetic waves, fascinating new research is offering some possible explanations.63. The first paragraph describes a project aimed at finding ____________.A. who has bipolar disorderB. what improves people's moodsC. whether magnetic scanning is a treatmentD. how some patients respond to some drugs64. What does the passage say about bipolar disorder?A.It mainly affects males.B. It may cause drug addiction.C. It is a mental problem.D. It is hard to detect.65. The word "ebullient" in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by________.A. considerateB. quietC. excitedD. sorrowful66. The researchers' attitude toward the new finding can bedescribed as_________.A. confusedB. amusedC. carefulD. skeptical67. The new finding is significant because it shows that electromagnetic fields mayA. treat mental disordersB. cause mental disordersC. increase the effectiveness of some drugsD. reduce the effectiveness of some drugs68. The passage mainly_________.A. reports a discoveryB. challenges a discoveryC. explains the problems with a discoveryD. describes the background of a discoveryPassage FourMy kids tell me that I am "so 20th century", which troubles me. A person likes to feel that he is "with it", as we used to say in the 20th century.So I have been thinking how I might change myself into a true 21st-century man. Clearly, in my advanced state of age I would be foolish to attempt some wild leap into the contemporary fashion. And anyway, my distinctive taste attracts much favourable comment.But if my clothing is too characteristic to change, perhaps I should do something about my lifestyle. So last week I took myself to the NEC for the Smart Home Show which is "the exhibition dedicated to all the latest trends in smart home technology".It was a shock. How could I have lived for half a century without a fingerprint-operated front door? ("Never lock yourself out of your home again!") Or vacuum cleaners that suck dust straight into a dustbin, via a system of pipes in your house walls? (All you have to do is rebuild your entire home.) Or automatic garden sprinklers which are so smart that they turn themselves off when it starts to rain? Of course, you could just look out of the window, observe that it's raining and turn them off yourself, but that would be so 20th century.Besides, those were just the simpler things. For the true smart-home owner, a plasma (等离子) TV fireplace is a must. At first glance it's just an electric fire with a mantelpiece，but press your remote and a giant TV screen rises from the mantelpiece. "Thieves won't even know it's there," a spokesman claimed. Just as well. At ￡5,280，it would be a pity to have it broken. But the real revolution has happened in the bathroom. Never again need you feel cut off from world events as you go about your washing. Forget the mirrors that turn into TV screens. They're old hat. The buzz in bathrooms now is all about heated towel-racks that turn into TVs.Enough! I was convinced: I want a smart home. There's only one problem: The cost. You are looking at ￡18,000 to ￡25,000 for an average home. Hmm. I won't be entering the 21st century just yet, then.69. To be "21st century", the author decided to___________.A. move to a new houseB. change the way he livedC. improve his dressing styleD. talk in the most trendy fashion70. The author's comment on the vacuum cleaner impliesthat___________.A. he believed that it was uselessB. he wanted to purchase one himselfC. he hated to cause inconvenienceD. he thought that it was not worth the effort71. What is the most revolutionary smart home technology according to the author?A. The plasma TV fireplace.B. The automatic garden sprinkler.C. Mirrors that turn into TV screens.D. Heated towel-racks that turn into TVs.72. The Smart Home Show__________.A. seemed too good to be trueB. was a true eye-opener for the authorC. left a negative impression on the authorD. appealed less to the middle- and old-aged73. What does the author think of buying the smart home products?A. He was interested, but found them too expensive.B. He was fascinated, and determined to buy them.C. He wasn't attracted, and wouldn't buy them.D. He wasn't sure, so he would rather wait and see.74. Which of the following words could best describe the author's tone?A. Overstated.B. Objective.C. Ironic.D. Passionate.Passage FiveNever before has flying been so controversial. In the spaceof two years, the environmental damage done by planes has gone from being something quietly discussed by scientists and committed environmentalists, to a headline-grabbing issue no one can ignore.Even those who fly once or twice a year on holiday can't help but feel a growing sense of guilt, while those opting for trips by car, train or ferry have a self-righteous spring in their steps.Now, however, the backlash is beginning. The tourism and aviation industries are mobilizing, and pointing out some awkward facts. Did you know that some ferries emit far more carbon dioxide than some planes'? That driving can release twice as much carbon as flying? A new report from Balpa, the pilot's union, even claims that planes can be better than train.While there are the campaigners who plot their camp at Heathrow to protest the air travel, in Kenya plans are being drawn up for a very different camp. Looking out from a cliff over the deserts of Samburuland is a stunning hotel, the O1 Malo Eco-Lodge. Revenue from the small number of visiting tourists has allowed the 5,000 acres around it to be transformed from over-grazed cattle ranch to a conservation site. More impressive still is the O1 Malo eye project. Up to 80 per cent of adults in the area suffer sight loss, so the O1 Malo Trust runs regular surgical camps, bringing doctors from the UK to treat them. In January, the camp gave 102 people back their sight. "It's very simple--all of our visitors fly here," said Julia Francombe, the founder. "If they stopped coming, it would kill us."One thing on which all sides agree is that aviation is booming, so it becomes crucial to develop new and less polluting aircraft. Airbus's claim that it can save the world with the A380 may be far-fetched, but its "gentle giant" plane is far more efficient andquieter than those of 20 years ago.Some environmentalists, however, scorn these advances, saying such measures are a "delusion." "The aviation industry is likely to vastly overstate the gains that can be made from technological improvements but sadly a climate friendly plane isn't on the horizon," says Emily Armistead of Greenpeace.So the question is: who do you believe?75. Pollution caused by planes used to _____________.A. be heatedly debated in the scientific communityB. be a controversial issue no one could ignoreC. draw little attention among the general publicD. divert people's attention from more important issues76. Compared with people who fly, those who choose cars or trains for travel_________.A. feel equally guilty of causing environmental damagesB. seem to care more about the environment than about timeC. believe that they are doing the right thing for the environmentD. are more troubled by the latest facts on environmental pollution77. The camps in Kenya are mentioned to_________.A. demonstrate the necessity of flyingB. emphasize the problems of flyingC. persuade people to turn to flyingD. present the two sides of flying78. Emily Armistead suggests that the aviation industry___________.A. has not made great efforts to develop environmentally friendly planesB. cannot come up with environmentally friendly planes inthe near futureC. should not use environmentally friendly planes to solve their problemsD. will not save the world even with environmentally friendly planes79. What is the author's position on air travel?A. Air travel should be avoided if possible.B. Air travel is not as problematic as people believe.C. It is too early to say that air travel has caused damages.D. It is hard to decide whether we should continue air travel80. The best title for the passage is “___________”.A. Should We Stop Flying?B. When Can We Stop Flying?C. What Will Happen If We Stop Flying?D. Will Stopping Flying Make a Difference?PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)British previous colonial policies led to the spread of English across the world. This wide use of English has been reinforced by the sweeping influence of the U.S.. However, the dominance of English as an international language is considered both a blessing and a curse. For one thing, it has accelerated the extinction of some languages. People have been wondering about the possibility of creating a global language which might hold promises for an end to language-caused troubles and conflicts. Unfortunately, attempts to harmonize world languages have met with little success as a result of the reluctance of native speakers of a particular language to adopt another language as their mother tongue. To discard one's native language is to have the distinct features of his nation erased.。

2002年1月16. Terrorist activities, in whatever forms, are to be denounced by peace-lovingpeople worldwide.A. announcedB. forgivenC. condemnedD. despised17. Problems with respiration are often associated with smoking and air pollutionas has been proved.A. aspirationB. inspirationC. creativityD.breathing18. The military operations commenced yesterday were targeted at the Taliban'smilitary installations.A. set aboutB. set outC. set apartD. setaside19. No merchandise is currently in short supply thanks to the market economy.A. businessmanB. commodityC. substanceD. talent20. It is becoming increasingly difficult for an only child to live up to theexpectations of their parents.A. encourageB. surviveC. arouseD.fulfill21. This summit talk is thought to be instrumental in bringing about peace in this region.A. helpfulB. uselessC. harmlessD. inappropriate22. Faced with this grim situation, top executives of this company are trying tofind quick solutions.A. unexpectedB. undesirableC. comfortingD. grave23. The bill was passed unanimously as a result of the intensive lobbying of some senators.A. without any objectionsB. in the endC. in the darkD. againstheavy odds24. Nobel Prize winners have been mostly scientists of international renown in some field.A. institutionsB. standardC. prestigeD. application25. These natural resources will be depleted sooner or later if the present rateof exploitation continues.A. exhaustedB. evaluatedC. deployedD.popularized26. Harry Potter was originally _____ for children or teenagers, yet many adultshave come to be crazy about the book.A. extendedB. intendedC. inclinedD. directed27. This experienced author was able to _____ the lifetime's work of Jefferson intoone volume.A. suppressB. compressC. expressD. depress28. A Frenchman who has an unusually sensitive nose can _____ hundreds of different smells.A. nominateB. dominateC. eliminateD. discriminate29. The Chinese share the _______ that their life will become better and the countrymore prosperous.A. convictionB. speculationC. elaborationD. perspiration30. After weeks of ______, the owners and the union leaders have finally agreedon the question of sick benefits.A. administrationB. arbitrationC. authorizationD.alternation31. It took this disabled boy a long time to _____ the fact that he was not qualifiedfor admission to college.A. come up withB. come down withC. come up toD. come to terms with32. The authorities claim that the rate of crime is declining, but statistics show______.A. clockwiseB. otherwiseC. elsewhereD.likewise33. Air attacks in Afghanistan are focused on airports and training camps to avoid civilian _____.A. involvementB. rebellionC. casualtiesD. anguish34. After all, people across the Taiwan Straits are of the same race, so this island and the mainland are _____.A. inexplicableB. irreplaceableC. indispensableD.inseparable35. President Bush said that the most urgent mission was to bring the wrongdoers to ______.A. justiceB. justificationC. adjustmentD.justifiabilityIt has been said that in a high-divorce society, not only are more unhappy marriages likely to end in divorce, but in addition, more marriages are likely to become unhappy. Much of life's happiness and much of its 36 come from the same source —one's marriage. Indeed, few things in life have the potential to provide as much 37 or as much anguish. As the accompanying box indicates, many couples are having more than their share of the 38 .But divorce statistics reveal only part of the problem. For each marriage that sinks, countless others remain 39 but are stuck in stagnant waters. “We used to be a happy family, but the last 12 years have been horrible,” 40 a woman married for more than 30 years. “My husband is not interested in my feelings. He is truly my worst 41 enemy.”Similarly, a husband of nearly 25 years said, “My wife has told me that she doesn't love me anymore. She says that if we can just exist as roommates and each go our 42 ways when it comes to leisure time, the situation can be 43 .”Of course, some in such terrible straits 44 their marriage. For many, however, divorce is 45 . Why? According to Dr. Karen Kavser, factors such as children, community disgrace, finances, friends, relatives, and religious beliefs might keep a couple together, even in a 46 state.“Unlikely to divorce legally,”she says, “these spouses choose to 47 a partner from whom they are emotionally divorced.”Must a couple whose relationship has cooled 48 themselves to a life of dissatisfaction? Is a loveless marriage the only 49 to divorce? Experience proves that many troubled marriages can be saved — not only from the 50 of breakup but also from the misery of lovelessness.36. A. mighty B. misery C. mystery D. myth37. A. delight B. dismay C. dignity D. destiny38. A. late B. later C. latterD. last39. A. ashore B. afloat C. arrogant D.ascended40. A. conferred B. compromised C. confessed D.confided41. A. passional B. feeling C. emotional D. sensational42. A. separate B. parting C. different D. divided43. A. excused B. forgiven C. comprehended D.tolerated44. A. intensify B. terminate C. reinforce D. betray45. A. in the end C. in the wayB. out of the count D. out of the question46. A. loving B. lovely C. loved D.loveless47. A. insist on B. persist in C. remain with D.keep in with48. A. resign B. deposit C. expel D.return49. A. pattern B. destination C. alternativeD. route50. A. addiction B. agony C. abuse D. abolition Passage OneMoviegoers may think history is repeating itself this weekend. The summer's most anticipated film, Pearl Harbor, which has opened recently, painstakingly re-creates the Japanese attack that drew the United States into World War II. But that isn't the film's only reminder of the past. Harbor invites comparison to Titanic, the biggest hit of all time. Like Titanic, Harbor heaps romance and action around a major historical event. Like Titanic, Harbor attempts to create popular global entertainment from a deadly real-life tragedy. Like Titanic, Harbor costs a pretty penny and hopes to get in even more at the box office.Both Titanic and Pearl Harbor unseal their tales of love and tragedy over more than three hours. Both stories center on young passion, triangles of tension with one woman and two men; In Titanic, Leonardo DiCaprio and Billy Zane compete for the love of the same woman, a high-society type played by a British actress named Kate (Winslet). In Harbor, two pilots (Ben Affleck, Josh Hartnett) fall for the same woman, a nurse played by a British actress named Kate (Beckinsale).The scenes of peril also have similarities. Harbor has a shot in which soldiers cling for dear life as the battleship USS Oklahoma capsizes. The moment is recalled of the Titanic's climactic sinking scene in which DiCaprio and Winslet hang from the ocean liner as half of the ship vertically plunges into the water. In Harbor, one of its stars floats atop a piece of debris in the middle of the night, much like Winslet's character does in Titanic.And the jaw-dropping action of Titanic is matched by Harbor's, 40-minute re-creation of the Dec. 7, 1941 attack on the United States' Pacific Fleet. Both films spent heavily on special effects. Harbor director, Michael Bay, for example, says he kept salaries down so more could be spent on the visuals. Both movies even shot their ship-sinking scenes at the same location; Fox Studios Baja in Mexico. Harbor's makers have even taken a Titantic-like approach to the soundtrack. The film includes one song. There You'll be, performed by country music superstar Faith Hill. Titanic, which is one of the best selling soundtracks of all time, also has only one pop song: Celine Dion's MY Heart Will Go On.“If Harbor becomes a major moneymaker, filmmakers may comb history books searching for even more historical romance-action material.” says a critic.51. What are the two things that the author of this article tries to compare?A. The attack on Pearl Harbor and the sinking of the Titanic.B. Historical fiction movies and successful box office hits.C. The movie Titanic and the on-show movie Pearl Harbor.D. Sinking boats and famous actors.52. Pearl Harbor and Titanic are similar in all of the following aspectsEXCEPT_____.A. both spent large amount of money on special effectsB. both have soundtracks starring a major pop starC. both added made-up stories to historical eventsD. both are documentary movies of historical events53. Who plays the leading female role in Pearl Harbor?A. Kate Beckinsale.B. Ben Affleck.C. Kate Winslet.D. Faith Hill.54. What does the phrase “cost a pretty penny” in the first paragraph mean?A. To be very attractive.B. To cost a lot.C. To have big box office returns.D. To require a lot of effort to accomplish.55. If Pearl Harbor is as successful as Titanic, which of the following movies might we see next?A. The Battle of Waterloo.B. The Advents of Mr. Bean.C. Space Invaders.D. The Haunted House.56. It is said in the passage that ____.A. major historical events can never repeat themselvesB. both Titanic and Pearl Harbor are the historical reappearanceC. Pearl Harbor may have a better box office return than TitanicD. Titanic is the most successful film in historyPassage TwoA few weeks ago my mother called to say there was a warrant out for my arrest.I was mystified. I’d like to think myself dangerous but I’m a mild-mannered journalist. I don't have a criminal record, though the address on my driver’s license is my mother’s - thus the “rai d.”I hadn’t robbed any convenience stores lately, nor fled the scene after backing a Jeep into a crowd of people.But this is Mayor Giuliani s New York, where it doesn’t take much to draw the attention of cops. New Yorkers know all about Hizzonor’s banning homeless cleaning men from approaching drivers and offering to clean their windshields. H’s also cracked down on street vendors. Yuppie that 1 am. I’ve never given much thought to what it felt like to be on the other side of the law.So when the cops came knocking, I thought there must be some mistake. Imagine my embarrassment upon discovering my crime. One Saturday night in March, I strolled out of apartment after dinner, a Coors Light beer in hand. Suddenly a police officer came up and wrote me a ticket. The charge: violating New York City’s open-container laws. Yeah. I probably should have paid it then and there. But instead I stuck the pink slip in my back pocket and forgot about it.When I called to inquire about my case. I was told to “speak with Officer Kosenza.” But I didn’t get a chance. Kosenza called me that night while I was having dinner with my girlfriend. He wanted me to come to court, right then. But I was cautious. It seems New York’s police are in a bind. With crime falling to record lows, it's getting harder and harder for cops to “make the numbers” that show they’re doing a better and better job. What to do? The answer is to rifle through out-of-date tickets that haven’t been paid – anything they could turn into a “crime.”I finally decided to turn myself in. which is how 1 found myself, one August evening, handcuffed at the downtown Manhattan police station with an older officer telling us tales of his days in the 1980s. “Times sure have changed.”he said, shaking his head at us statistically useful nuisances.Eventually I was led into a courtroom. Very quickly, it was done. Handcuffs off, out the door. I wanted to complain but went quietly home, promising not to do whatever I was guilty of for another six months. I got off easy. But I also learneda lesson: Giuliani s clean streets come with a price. If only the mayor would neglect to pay a ticket.57. According to the passage, the author is probably _____.A. an urban young professionalB. a narrow-minded journalistC. a criminal wanted by the policeD. a traffic offender58. The author was arrested primarily because _____.A. he once stuck a piece of pink paper in his back pocketB. he used his mother's address on the driver's licenseC. he had robbed convenience shops beforeD. he drank some beer one night on the street59. The word "nuisances" in the fourth paragraph may mean _____.A. mild-mannered prisonersB. trouble makersC. new arrivalsD. hardened criminals60. Through the passage, the author wants to convey the idea that _____.A. New York policemen are doing a good job cracking down on crimesB. not everyone agrees with the mayor's management of the cityC. the crime rate has been reduced at the expense of citizens' convenienceD. everyone including the mayor should be punished if he is guilty of crime61. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The author pleaded guilty and was set free.B. Policemen were trying hard to please their superiors.C. Many so-called crimes were only trifle things.D. It's no use complaining to cops when you are caught.62. The tone of the passage is ______.A. satiricalB. objectiveC. praisefulD. complainingPassage ThreeEwen Cameron is long dead but his ghost appears to haunt Canada, where extraordinarily strict rules are being considered to protect the subjects of psychological research.Cameron was a scientist straight from a horror movie. On the surface, he was a respectable academic. But after the end of the Second World War, he visited the Nuremberg trials, superficially to examine Rudolf Hess's psychological state. Many people believe that he also studied Nazi methods of mind control. Certainly, he never internalized the Nuremberg declaration that prohibits human experiments where risk outweighs “humanitarian importance.”Throughout the 1950s, Cameron ran a CIA-funded laboratory at McGill University where patients were used as guinea pigs in brainwashing experiments. Some patients were given ECT “therapy” twice daily, others were drugged and kept unconscious for weeks or months, injected with huge amounts of drugs, and subjected to long-term sensory deprivation.Compensation has been paid to most surviving patients. But suspicion of the psychological sciences has not entirely gone away. Nor has the need for patients’rights to be guaranteed. Cameron, after all, ensured that every patient signed a consent form, even though many were not in position to understand what it meant. The strict new rules for psychological research now under discussion can partly be understood in the light of special Canadian sensitivities. They are designed to ensure that no one can be involved in an experiment that might damage their owninterests.All well and good, except that psychological sciences aren’t going to advance if anyone can leave an experiment if they don’t like the results. Obviously, many psychological experiments would not be possible if the experimenters had to reveal exactly what they were testing.There is much to debate about the rights of patients and experimental subjects. The committee drawing up the code has apparently received 2,000 pages of comment on its draft.No one should do anything until this committee has had all the time it needs to read, digest and study these submissions. And then reach a truly balanced position.63. According to the author, we may conclude that _____.A. Cameron was a dedicated and responsible scientistB. Cameron was interested in unveiling the myths about Rudolf Hess’s psychological stateC. Cameron tried to ensure that his subjects clearly understood the purpose of the experimentsD. Cameron unmistakably violated the subjects’ rights64. Which of the following statements is NOT true based on the second paragraph?A. Cameron’s appearance might misrepresent his true personality.B. Probing into the psychological state of the Nazi was outside Cameron’s profession.C. Cameron did not observe the stipulation relating to human experiments.D. People believed that he had undisclosed motives for attending the Nuremberg trials.65. We can infer from this passage that _____.A. making compensation for the subjects’ loss was illegalB. some subjects in Cameron’s experiments diedC. people have been quite indifferent to the subjects’ rightsD. as a rule, people are fully supportive of psychological sciences66. The committee responsible for working out the rules governing psychological research _____.A. has to give top priority to psychological advancesB. is bombarded with criticisms from the publicC. is expected to take into account all the reactions to the draftingD. should rely on those willing to sacrifice their own interests67. One of the problems with the new rules for psychological research is that _____.A. the rules can do little to protect the patients’ rightsB. people may withdraw from the experiments in fear of damage to their own interestsC. it would be impossible to sort out anything valuable from the comments on the rulesD. people’s response to psychological sciences is overwhelmingly negative Passage FourSome accept their fate. Others try to reason with the police officer who has pulled them over for some real or imagined traffic offense. But when law enforcement is represented by a computer-driven camera that has immortalized your violation on film —as is the case at hundreds of intersections in more than 60 cities around the U. S. — it's hard to talk your way out of a heavy fine. Yet that is precisely what some 300 motorists in San Diego succeeded in doing last week when a superior court judge rules that pictures taken by the so-called red-light cameras were unreliable and therefore unacceptable.The first U. S. Court decision to reject all the traffic violations caught on camera, the ruling by judge Ronald Styn has fueled debate over the growing use of the devices. Police departments swear, and studies indicate, that the robocams (robot cameras) deter people from speeding and running red lights. A Lou Harris poll set for release this week finds that 69% of Americans support their use. Yet at least seven states have blocked proposals to implement them, and opponents —ranging from House majority leader Dick Armey to the American Civil Liberties Union — argue that the cameras violate privacy and place profit above public safety. Part of the problem is that virtually all the devices in place are operated by private firms that handle everything from installing the machinery to identifying violations — often with minimal police oversight — and have an incentive to pull in as many drivers as they can. The companies get paid as much as $ 70 a ticket, and the total revenue is hardly chump change. San Diego has got in $15. 9 million since October 1998, and Washington $12. 8 million since August 1999. “It's all about money,” says Congressman Bob Barr, a leading critic. Not so, insists Terrance Gainer, Washington's executive assistant chief of police. “We have reduced fatalities. If some company is making money off that, that is American way.”Critics counter that there must be other, less intrusive ways to make intersections safer, such as lengthening the yellow light and adding turn lanes. “I object to this fixation we have with cameras and electronically gathered information,” says Barr. “It places too much confidence in technology.” That confidence, as Washington residents have learned, can be misplaced. The city removed one camera last May that had generated more than 19,000 tickets at a particularly confusing intersection. In San Diego, faulty sensors made drivers appear to be going faster than they really were. The city suspended the system in July.Another concern is privacy. While systems in Washington, Maryland and North Carolina photograph nothing but the rear of the car, others in Arizona, California and Colorado take a picture of the driver s seat as well — a bit of electronic monitoring that could land straying spouses in trouble a lot more serious than a traffic violation.In Europe, where speedcams are deployed by the thousands and are even less popular than they are here, resentful drivers have started to take matters into their own hands, seeking out hidden cameras and knocking them over with their cars.68. It is mainly indicated in the first paragraph that _____.A. people respond differently when caught in traffic offenseB. motorists can be wrongly accused by police officersC. speeders cannot defend themselves before red-light camerasD. computer-driven cameras sometimes do tell lies69. The court decision last week _____.A. triggered a dispute over the use of robocamsB. immuned few camera-caught violators from punishmentC. found fewer red-light camera supporters in AmericaD. deterred some states from implementing camera devices70. Opponents’arguments against cameras include all the following EXCEPT _____.A. they intrude into people’s privacyB. they give priority to the pursuit of profitC. they are operated by private firmsD. they are under the supervision of police71. Police department believes that _____.A. robocams should not be operated by private firmsB. robocams arc effective in maintaining traffic orderC. speeding is the major cause of traffic fatalitiesD. companies operating cameras should riot pursue money only72. The phrase “chump change” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.A. trivialB. moderateC. enormousD. indefinite73. According to the passage. Bob Barr _____.A. is the majority leader in the House of RepresentativesB. is strongly against the American way of making moneyC. lacks confidence in modern technologyD. doubts the authenticity of electronically gathered information74. The writer s attitude towards speedcams can be best expressed as _____.A. positiveB. negativeC. indifferentD. uncertain75. Drivers in European countries _____.A. get angry at the red-light camerasB. destroy thousands of the speedcamsC. take the initiative in the use of speedcamsD. take drastic measures with speedcamsPassage FiveNow and then, researchers retreat from the trackless jungle at the edge of knowledge and set up camp in more familiar territory. Such expeditions don’t often yield surprises, but it’s always reassuring to know that the back yard looks much as we thought it did.Among those scientists were psychologists from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. To prove their theory — that people are more likely to yell at a family member or a peer than a superior — they asked 100 college students to wear blood-pressure cuffs and to keep notes about when they got angry and what they did about it.The momentous conclusion: people tend to bottle up anger felt toward an authority figure, and are more likely to vent it instead at family members or friends.While these findings are far from earth-shattering, one researcher pointed out that nobody had ever looked at anger this way before.Big words can make a self-evident result seem weightier. Psychologists at the National Institute for Healthcare Research in Maryland used this technique when they announced that when one person hurts another, forgiveness “is associated with restored relational closeness following an interpersonal transgression.”Couples who have adopted the kiss-and-make-up strategy will no doubt be pleased to learn that there is now a sound scientific basis for their actions.Psychologists, however, aren’t the only ones taking pains to prove the obvious.Some boldl y going where few have gone don’t always lead to radical conclusions. Over the years, researchers have set up weather-monitoring stations in remote areas of Antarctica. According to data from stations on the Ross Ice Shelf —where almost all those taking part in Robert Scott's ill-fated South Pole expedition perished sometime between late February and mid-March of 1912 —temperatures as low as those recorded in Scott’s journal have been documented only once in the past 15 years.This evidence led to one inexorable conclusion about what killed Scott and most of his party: it was the cold.76. According to the author, the scientists who do researches in more familiar territory _____.A. have confirmed what we have already knownB. have looked at things in new waysC. have had important discoveries by studying the obviousD. have done some useless work77. Which of the following is NOT true according to the psychologists at Stony Brook?A. When people get angry, their blood pressure changes.B. People are less likely to show their anger to their family members.C. People tend to let off their grievance at home.D. They have looked at anger in a unique way.78. The psychologists in Maryland have proved that when one person hurts another, ______.A. it is easier for them to make up if they have very close relationsB. it is easier for them to make up if they show their intimacyC. they should kiss each other to make it upD. they should find a sound scientific basis to make up79. According to the research on the Ross Ice Shelf, Robert Scott’s expedition failed because _____.A. most of the expeditioners couldn't stand hardshipsB. Robert Scott should not have chosen to go there in winterC. it was exceptionally cold on Antarctica that yearD. Robert Scott did not pay much attention to the temperature record of Antarctica80. It is implied in the passage that _____.A. people should not bottle up their anger at their family members or friendsB. bold researches would lead to radical conclusionsC. what scientists say is not necessarily importantD. researchers should shift from the edge of knowledge to familiar fields Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)Regrettably for many in Silicon Valley, the ability to make accurate forecasts can depend on how well-established a company’s products are. Young industries on steep growth curves are almost always surprised by how well their products do in the first few years, and then they’re at a loss when demand falls. Says a Stanford University business strategy professor, “In a highly dynamic and unpredictable market people are going to make mistakes. It's inherent in the type of business.”In many corners of Silicon Valley — and elsewhere — unpredictability is inevitable. One solution: keep innovating but develop sound service businesses to sell with products. Building a “very strong service business,” a company president says, smoothes out the rough spots between innovations.Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)4年来，中国两次成功地克服了全球经济衰退（recession）的冲击，实现了经济持续快速增长。

2019年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题Part II. Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again and take in most of human life.A acceptB understandC supportD include22. The applicant was so choked with excitement at the acceptance notification that he could hardly bring out a goodbye.A blow outB give outC get away withD come out with23. Science education has an important role to play in this reorientation toward fostering creative scientists.A reformingB yieldingC breedingD conceiving.24. Once a proposal goes into place, it’s next to impossible to reverse it.A overthrowB enhanceC implementD provoke.25. A punctual person always deals with something properly when it has to be attended to.A participated inB seen toC concentrated onD involved in26. The majority of these graduate students have but one aspiration ---- to be top economists.A inspirationB ambitionC requestD acquisition27. She is found immersed in her studies almost every time I call at her room.A absorbed inB submerged inC saturated withD agonized by28. The latest evidence suggests that the possibility of recurrence of the bird flu has been eliminated.A given outB ruled outC written outD turned out29. We are obliged to the teaching staff here for their academic guidance and profound influence.A committedB compelledC gratefulD respectful30. Humans has the ability to modify the environment and subject other forms of life to their peculiar ideas and fancies.A novelB particularC arbitraryD fantasticSection B ( 0.5 point each)31. These ____ salesperson of insurance will be introduced to relevant regulations and business strategies.A prospectiveB perspectiveC respectiveD protective32. Skin, being sturdy and _____and well supplied with blood, tolerates injury well and recovers quickly.A flexibleB looseC elasticD resourceful33. Since teacher behaviour is ____ for public display, teachers must be cautious in their personal lives.A held up =exhibit, display,B used upC kept upD dressed up34. The concept of personal choice ____ health behaviours is an important one.A in face ofB in case ofC in relation toD in charge of35. The so-called “brain drain” refers to the fact people carry ing heavy responsibilities become disillusioned and end up by ____.A immigratingB migratingC integratingD emigrating36. As fulfillment seldom ____to anticipation, there is no need to feel upset.A amountsB correspondsC addsD contributes.37. The technique provides more detailed information about subtle differences in gene activity ___with cancer-causing pathways.A coupledB stainedC associatedD integrated38. It was by no means easy to work for a president who demanded security beyond what was really ____A called forB called forthC called upD called at39. The display of goods needs to be ___with the store’s atmosphere.A persistentB existentC insistentD consistent40. These Christians often ask themselves what they have to do to live an ____life.A externalB originalC eternalD optimalPart II. Cloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)The chicken is probably the most populous bird on earth. According to 41 , there are over 13 billion chicken ! And its meat is to popular that more than 73 billion pounds of it are consumed each year. 42 , hens produce some 600 billion eggs a year worldwide.The chicken is a descendant of the red jungle fowl of Asia. Man soon discovered that the chicken could be domesticated easily. But it was 43 the 19th century that mass production of chickens and eggs became a commercial 44 .Today chicken is 45 the most popular poultry meat. Chickens are raised by millions of households for domestic and commercial use.Advanced scientific methods of breeding and raising have made chicken production one of the most successful agricultural industries. Modern techniques now make 46 possible for just one person to care for from 25, 000 to 50,000 chickens. It takes the birds only three months to reach market weight. Many people 47 these mass-production techniques as cruel. But that has not stopped farmers from developing increasingly efficient ways of breeding these birds. Many of the birds raised by such methods are easily to die off---- some as 48 of the deadly disease ----the bird flu. Many farmers have neither the 49 nor the means to feed their chickens adequately, to provide proper housing for them, or to protect them from diseases. 50 this reason programs have been started by the United Nations to help educate farmers in many countries.41. A estimates B evaluations C judges D legislations42. A Surprisingly B Essentially C Additionally D Generally43. A up till B rather than C out of D not until44. A investment B venture C administration D adventure45. A by far B by and by C for good D for all46. A that B those C them D it47. A conceal B condemn C commence D command48. A witnesses B sacrifices C donations D victims49. A know-how B how-so C in-the-know D how-come50. A Because of B Due to C For D AsPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points 1 point each)Passage OneOf all the accessories and adornments to clothes, one perhaps pays least of all attention to buttons. Functional and often unexciting, replaced by zip fasteners or hood and eyes, there is, one would think, nothing much to be said about the humble button.Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that they had any practical function until the 13th century. By the 14th century buttons were once again ornamental, often wastefully so, to such an extent that it was by no means uncommon for a person of wealth and consequence to have as many as 300 buttons on a single article of dress. Unimaginable as it seems today, sewing superfluous buttons on cloths became a craze---- not one that seems harmful to us though some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms; penalty for disobedience---- a sound whipping. How often this had to be carried out, history does not relate!Most of the buttons on modern clothes which could be called decorative once did in fact serve a useful purpose. Buttons on boots are one good example. Sleeve buttons on men’s coats are a reminder of the days when the fashion was for wearing shirts with frilly lace cuffs.On the tails of a modern tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but in earlier dayshorsemen used these buttons to keep the tails out of harm’s way.With regard to the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress was buttoned on the left hand side. Change came when men had to have access to their swords.So perhaps it is worth taking a look at buttons.51. Which of the following statements is true regarding buttons?A They have little function.B They are the only useful accessory.C They receive the least attention among accessories.D They are one of the best adornments to any clothes.52. According to the author, ____A buttons are used as ornaments only in modern times.B buttons have been used as ornaments since the 14th century.C buttons were used as ornaments before the 13th century.D buttons have been used as ornaments on and off throughout the history.53. It is implied that in the 14th century buttons ________A were a symbol of wealth.B were occasionally put on clothes.C began to have practical functions.D represented the wearer’s artistic taste54. In Florence, a city in Italy, buttons were once ___A loved by every citizen .B banned because they were a craze.C considered harmful and nobody wore them.D forbidden on the upper arms.55. It seems to the author that buttons ____A are worth a second look.B have never served any functionC should not be sewed on coats.D play an important role in our lives.56. Male and female dress is now buttoned __________A on the right sideB on the left sideC on different sides C on the same sides.Passage TwoBehind most of the bad things we do to our bodies as adults, eating more than we should is the idea we carry with us from childhood. On the one hand, we assume that we are indestructible. On the other, we think that any damage we impose on ourselves can be undone when finally clean up our act.If the evidence for how wrong the first idea is isn’t apparent when you stand naked in front of the mirror, just wait. But what if you eat right and drop all your bad habits? Is there still time to repair the damage?To a surprising degree, the answer is yes. Over the past five years, scientists have accumulated a wealth of data about what happens when aging people with bad habits decide to turn their lives around. The heartening conclusion: the body has an amazing ability to heal itself,provided the damage is not too great.The effects of some bad habits ---smoking, in particular---can haunt you for decades. But the damage from other habits can be largely healed.“Any time you improve your behaviour and make lifestyle changes, they make a difference from that point on,” says Dr. Jeffrey Koplan. “Maybe not right away. It’s like slamming on the brakes. You do need a certain distance. “But the distance can be remarkably short. Consider the recent announcements from the front lines of medical research:---- A study concluded that women who consume a s little as two servings of fish a week cut their risk of suffering a stroke to half that women who eat less than one serving of fish a month.---- The day you quit smoking, the carbon monoxide levels in your body drop dramatically. Within weeks, your blood becomes less sticky and your risk of dying from a heart attack starts to decline.Adopting healthy habits won’t cure all that bothers you, of course. But doctors believe that many chronic diseases ----from high blood pressure to heart disease and even some cancers---- can be warded off with a few sensible changes in lifestyle.N ot sure where to start? Surprisingly, it doesn’t matter, since one positive change usually leads to another. Make en ough changes, and you’ll discover you’ve adopted a new way of life.57. Most people with bad habits of eating more than they should believe that ____A they can never change the habits that have haunted them for decades.B their bodies can’t be damaged by the bad habits.C their bodies can heal all the damage without the help from outside.D they can force themselves to clean up the bad habits later.58. The evidence to disapprove the assumption that we are indestructible ____A is seldom apparent .B is clearly shown in the mirror.C will appear obvious sooner or later.D is still a question.59. According to the passage the human body can heal the damage caused by bad habits _______A when the damage is not very serious.B no matter how serious the damage is.C after we have dropped our bad habits.D much more slowly than we think.60. According to the recent announcements, ____A women should eat as much fish as possible.B women are at a higher risk of suffering a stroke than men.C eating a little more f ish can improve women’s health.D men don’t have to eat as much fish as women.61. It is implied in the passage that _____A smokers have lower levels of carbon monoxide than non-smokers.B the blood of smokers is more sticky than that of non-smokers.C smokers will be unlikely to die from heart attack if they quit smoking.D chronic diseases can be cured if we drop our habit of smoking.62. In the last paragraph the author tells us _____A when we should start quitting our bad habits.B it doesn’t matter how we start quitting our bad habits.C that making enough changes will make doctors unnecessary to us.D it’s never too late to start making sensible changes in our lifestyle.Passage ThreeOur true challenge today is not debts and deficits or global competition but the need to find a way to live rich, fulfilling lives without destroying the planet’s biosphere, which supports all life. Humanity has never before faced such a threat: the collapse of the very elements that keep us alive.An apple is an easy thing to take for granted. If you live where apples grow in abundance, you might assume that they are readily available and, better yet, that you may pick from a wide variety. But do you know that there are far fewer types to choose from today than there were 100 years ago?Between the years 1804 and 1905, there were 7,098 varieties of apples grown in the United States. Today 6,121 of those are extinct. But does diversity really matter?In the 1840’s, Ireland’s population exceeded eight million, making it the most densely populated country in Europe. Potatoes were its dietary mainstay, and a single variety called lumpers was the most widely grown.In 1845 the farmers planted their lumpers as usual, but a plant disease known as blight struck and wiped out almost the entire crop. “Most of Ireland survived that difficult year,” wrote Paul Raeburn in his book The Last Harvest ----The Genetic Gamble That Threatens to Destroy American Agriculture. “The devas tation came the next year. Farmers has no choice but to plant the same potatoes again. They had no other varieties. The blight struck again, this time with overwhelming force. The suffering was indescribable.” Historians estimate that up to 1 million people died of starvation, while another 1.5 million emigrated, most to the United States. Those remaining suffered from crushing poverty.In the Andes of South America, farmers grew many varieties of potatoes, and only a few were affected by blight. Hence, there was no epidemic. Clearly, diversity of species and diversity within species provide protection. The growing of just one uniform crop runs counter to this basic survival strategy and leaves plants exposed to diseaseor pests, which can destroy an enti re regions’ harvest. That is why many farmers depend so heavily on the frequent use of pesticides , even though such chemicals are often environmentally hazardous.Why do farmers replace their many folk varieties with one uniform crop? Usually in response to economic pressures. Planting uniform crops promises ease of harvesting, attractiveness of the product, resistance to go bad, and high productivity. But theses trends may be destroying man’s own food supply.63. The main idea of the passage is __________A It is important to protect the earth’s bio-diversity.B man is destroying his own food supply.C we now have fewer bio-species than before.D numerous strains of plants can resist plagues.64. With regard to the variety of apples in the United States ___________A it is the fewest in variety in terms of plant family.B over 80% of its varieties have been destroyed.C we have done our best to protect it.D it is as wide as it was 100 years ago.65. The author tells the sto ry in Ireland in the 1840’s to show that _________A farmers should grow as many varieties of potatoes as in South America.B potatoes should not be grown as a dietary mainstay.C lumpers were not a choice variety of potatoes.D bio-diversity is essential to life on earth.66. The uniform crop of lumpers in Ireland in the 1840’s__________A caused blight to strike Ireland repeatedly.B caused Ireland’s population to decline by half.C destroyed the whole Irish agricultural tradition.D se riously devastated Ireland’s economy.67. Diversity of species and diversity within species can help plants_________A ward off some disastrous diseases and pests.B resist natural disasters such as droughts.C withstand the harmful effect of pesticides.D yield bumper harvests.68. Which of the following is NOT the reason that farmers replace their folk varieties with one uniform crop?A They want to make more money.B They want to have a higher output.C They want to prevent the destruction of human food.D They want to make their products more attractive. Passage FourIt is a well-documented fact that women still live longer than men. A 1998 study by Harvard Medical School geriatrician Thomas Perls offers two reasons: one is the evolutionary drive to pass on her genes; the other is the need to stay healthy enough to rear as many children as possible. A man’s purpose is simply to carry genes that ensure longevity and pass them on to his children.Okay, so that’s the legacy of our cave-dweller past. But what is it about a man’s lifestyle that reduces his longevity? As action moviemakers know all too well , men are supercharged with testosterone. Aside from forcing us to watch frenzied movies like The Matrix Reloaded, the testes-produced hormone also triggers riskier behavior and aggression, and increases levels of harmful cholesterol, raising the risk of heart disease of stroke. Meanwhile, the female hormone chops harmful cholesterol and raises “good” cholesterol.As Perls’s study points out: “Between ages 15 and 24, men are four to five times more likely to die than women. This time frame coincides with the onset of puberty and an increase in reckless and violent behavior in males. Researchers refer to it as a ‘testosterone storm.’ Most deaths in this male group come from motor vehicle accidents, followed by homicide, suicide….and drownings.”While all this jumping from tall buildings may result in some accidental death, it still doesn’t account for the onset of fatal illnesses at an earlier age. Statistically, men are crippled more quickly by illnesses like heart disease, stroke and cancer. A Singapore study found that while men were diagnosed with chronic illness two years earlier than women, women were also disabled by their illnesses four years later. Men more often engage in riskier habits like drinking alcohol and using recreational drugs, as well as eating to excess. And the stereotype about men being adverse to seeing a doctor on a regular basis? Studies have shown its’ t rue.If your goal is to become the first 100-year-old man on your family tree, there are some things you can do to boost your odds. One is to examine what centenarians are doing right. According to the ongoing New EnglandCentenarian Study, the largest comprehensive study of centenarians in the world, they can fend off or even escape age-associated diseases like heart attack, stroke, canc er, diabetes and Alzheimer’s. Ninety percent of those studied were functionally independent for the vast majority of their lives up until the age of 92 , and 75% were just as autonomous at an average age of 95. “Centenarians disprove the perception that ‘the older you get, the sicker you get.’ Centenarians teach us that the older you get, the healthier you’ve been.”69. This passage mainly discusses ________A why women lead a healthier life than men.B how women can live longer and stay healthy.C what keeps men from enjoying a longer life span.D whether men’s life style lead s to their early death.70. According to Thomas Perls, which of the following is a major factor contributing to the relative longevity of women over men?A Their natural urge to remain healthy.B Their greater natural drive to pass on genes.C Their need to bear healthy offspring.D Their desire to have more children.71. The author mentions “the legacy of our cave-dweller past” to __________A support the argument about women’s role in rearing children.B summarize a possible cause of different life expectancies.C challenge the the ory about our ancestor’s behaviour patterns.D illustrate the history of human evolution process.72. According to the passage, testosterone is a hormone that _______A increases as men grow older.B reduces risk factors in male behaviour.C leads to aggressive behaviour and heart disease.D accounts for women’s dislike for violent films.73. Compared with women, men as a whole ____.A suffer from depression more often.B suffer from diseases later than women.C are reluctant to have physical checkups.D are not affected by violent movies.74. Centenarians refer to people who ____A live longer than females.B live at the turn of the century.C are extremely independent.D are a hundred years or older.Passage FiveLast year, Curt Dunnam bought a Chevrolet Blazer with one of the most popular new features in high-end cars: the Onstar personal security system.The heavily advertised communications and tracking feature is used nationwide by more than two million drivers, who simply push a button to connect, via a built-in cell-phone, to a member of the Onstar staff. A Global Positioning System, or G.P.S., helps the employee give verbal directions to the driver or locate the car after an accident. The company can even send a signal to unlock car doors for locked-out owners, or honk the horn to help people find their cars in an endless plain of parking spaces. The biggest selling point for the system is its use in frustrating car thieves. Once an owner reports to the police that a car has been stolen, the company can track it to help arrest the thieves, a service it performs about 400 times each month.But for Mr. Dunnam, the more he learned about his car’s security features, the less secure he felt. He has enough technical knowledge to worry that someone else---- law enforcement officers, or hackers----could listen in one his phone calls, or gain control over his automotive systems without his knowledge or consent. “While I don’t believe G.M. intentionally designed this syste m to facilitate such activities, they sure have made it easy,” he said. Mr. Dunnam said he had become even more concerned because of a federal appeals court case involving a criminal investigation, in which federal authorities had demanded that a company attach a wiretap to tracking services like those installed in his car. The suit did not reveal which company was involved. A three-judge panel in San Francisco rejected the request, but not on privacy grounds; the panel said the wiretap would interfere with the operation of the safety services. Onstar has said that its equipment was not involved in that case. An Onstar spokeswoman, Geri Lama, suggested that Mr. Dunnam’s worries were overblown. The signals that the companysends to unlock car doors or track location-based information can be triggered only with a secure exchange of specific identifying data, which ought to hinder all but the most determined hackers, she said.75. The most important feature of Onstar advertised by the company is that it can ____A help people find their cars in the big parking lot.B giver verbal direction to drivers lost in unfamiliar areas.C open car doors for owners unable to find their car keys.D make it difficult for thieves to get away with stolen cars.76. We can conclude from the passage that Onstar is ______A too complicated to use especially for new drivers.B not as usual and effective as the company claims.C popularly used among the more expensive cars.D not widely used in the country except in a few states.77. Mr. Dunnam felt dissatisfied with OnStar because _______A his personal information might be revealed.B his demand for better services was rejected.C OnStar posed potential danger to driving safety.D OnStar had been developed mainly to facilitate police work.78. The three-judge panel rejected the request of the federal authorities because _____A it was in violation of individual privacy.B it was against the Constitution of the nation.C the wiretap might affect the safety of personal data.D the wiretap might reduce the efficiency of the system.79. OnStar spokeswoman suggested that Mr. Dunnam’s worries ___________A exaggerated the problems that might occur.B represented reasonable concerns of customers.C presented problems for them to solve.D made sense due to the existence of hackers.80. The passage is mainly written to _______A promote the brand and sale of OnStar.B pint out the worries caused by OnStar.C introduce the new features of OnStar.D show the future trend represented by OnStar .Paper TwoPart V Translation (30 minutes, 20 points )Section A (15minutes, 10 points )As a branch of cognitive science, linguistics has undergone systematic inquiry and elaboration in terms of language acquisition and classification.When it comes to language learning, the spelling of Chinese characters is notoriously difficult to Westerners, who are often left puzzled about numerous strokes. In China, the myth remains that maximum efficiency can be achieved by exposing young children to native speakers as early as possible. However, a more profound insight into the process of language acquisition wo n’t be gained until studies of the brain have developed to the point where the function of each part of the brain is brought to light. The eagerness to make children proficient in English on the part of parents in China is open to question.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)计算机被认为是有史以来对人类生活影响最大的发明。

研究生学位英语统考真题(可以直接使用，可编辑优秀版资料，欢迎下载）2021年学位课统考真题(A卷)Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A ( 1 point each)1. A Beauty has advantages and disadvantages.B. Beauty has different meanings to different people.C. Beauty brings attention and opportunities.D. Beauty comes from action and good qualities.2. A. She is using the book now.B. She may give him a hand.C. She can’t lend him the book.D. She will keep the book for him.3. A Rachel lives fairly close to her.B Rachel visits her quite often.C Rachel comes here once a month.D Rachel rarely gets to see her.4. A She forgot about the time change.B She didn’t receive the text messageC Her roommate forgot to give her the message.D Her roommate was too nervous to tell her.5. A He should have got better grades.B The test was based on lecture material.C She misplaced her textbook.D Small luck plays a big role.6. A On the 16th of June.B. On the 18th of June.C On the 9th of June.D On the 8th of June.7. A. Go to sleep.B. Watch the movie later.C Change the channel.D Set the alarm clock.8. A Wear a formal suit.B Wear casual clothes.C Dress up for the party.D Dress in a costume.9. A. She likes to drink coffee.B She rarely wakes up early.C She needs tea to feel alert.D She always skips breakfast. Section BMini-talk One10. A Southern Europe.B United Arab EmiratesC. North Africa.D. The United States.11. A The wings B The tail C The windows D The engines12. A To change the airplane industryB To make a trip in a tiny plane.C. To overcome weather issues.D To prove the power of new energy sources.Mini-talk Two13. A Feeling sleepy at work.B Feeling sad or depressedC Feeling unable to think clearly.D Feeling tired in the morning.14. A Time zone change.B An extra hour of sleepC Travel by air far distancesD Unmatched work schedule and lifestyle15. A Nighttime work is hard on some of the workers.B Early risers have litter improvement in wellbeing.C A better rest can benefit employers financially.D Workers report the same level of improvement. Section C16. Choose clothing that fits the employer’s ______(2 words) and keep yourself clean and tidy.17. Leave your house in _____(3 words) to arrive at least 15 minutes early for your interview.18. Firmly ____(2 words) , right hand only, even if you’re left-handed.19. If the interviewer seems distracted, lighten the atmosphere by telling an ____(3 words) story about your qualifications.20. If you don’t understand a question or statement, ask the interviewer to ____(3 words) it.Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 points)21. Digital technology can be used to alleviate the harmful side effects brought about by farming.A intensifyB reduceC triggerD convert22. It is believed that any improvement in water efficiency would be of considerable benefit .A enormousB marginalC potentialD beneficial23. Materials science is rapidly transforming the waythat everything from cars to light bulbs is made.A enhancingB multiplyingC alteringD pursuing24. The economy of the United States is probably the envy of the world, and its armed forces are unrivalled.A unmatchedB ungrounded D undefined D unpurified25. The central government of China has set about boosting the consumption of greener energy.A discardedB demandedC cancelledD initiated26. Her voice had a peculiarly engaging quality; it was deep, a little husky, and one always heard the breath vibrating behind it.A appealingB disgustingC emergingD painstaking27. Purchase of a second-hand house is a difficult problem that requires careful assessment.A predictionB evaluationC elaborationD assimilation28. A number of ingenious techniques are employed to make the workmanship more delicate.A recruitedB hiredC adoptedD created29. The business will show a profit in September provided that sales remain steady all summer.A as soon asB on condition thatC in order thatD by the time30. The miners who had been stuck underground for days were taken to a hospital right away.A for the time beingB behind the timesC at timesD in no timeSection B (0.5 point each)31. Some infectious diseases, such as AIDS, take a heavy___on human immunity.A impactB lossC tollD casualty32. Because of poor grammar, some sentences in research papers by Chinese students seem ___to the reviewers.A incomprehensibleB inedibleC inestimableD irreplaceable33. Almost each college student is equipped with a cell phone, laptop and other electronic ____A galaxiesB ornamentsC utensilsD gadgets34. Running for president is ____ demanding ,emotionally draining, and physically taxing.A incoherentlyB intellectuallyC intimatelyD invalidly35. The common pattern of human influence on tropical rainforest is a ____ of the habitat into smaller patches.36. State leaders of each generation have to think about how to ___complicated economic issues.A adoreB assembleC addressD alienate37. In 2021, Sarkozy threatened to boycott the Olympic Games in Beijing, ___kowtow shortly afterwards by promising never to interfere with China’s affairs.A only toB so as toC as toD prior to38. New methods of irrigation can reduce water consumption by roughly 30%____conventional systems.A but forB compared withC related toD other than39. As long as you are pursuing your dream, your efforts will eventually ____.A wear offB pay offC ward offD turn off40. The younger you begin ____, the easier it is to remain physically active throughout your life.A setting outB figuring outC running outD working outPart III Cloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each) A college education is completely necessary for each of us, but we have to ask what it –41—to get into college? High school grades and standardized tests are still the most common measurements. –42—this information is often considered alongside other sources of information, other indicators of college potential are typically not considered if high school grades and standardized test scores don’t reach a certain –43---.Even though standardized test scores do predict –44—performance and job performance, relying so heavily on these scores is problematic –45—a number of reasons. For one, studies have found that the SAT is a better predictor of college performance for white students. –46—reason is that other key skills are neglected that contribute to life success, defined more–47—than merely the capacity for academic learning, including active learning –48--, natural motivation, social-emotional intelligence, imagination and creativity.Creativity and imagination are particularly important skills in this century, --49—how quickly this world is changing. This world needs people who are not only quick learners, but also reflective learners as well as –50--- of new knowledge.42.A. But B However C While D Yet44.A physical B artistic C mechanical D academic45.A because of B due to C for D owing to46.A The second B A second C Second D The other47.A broadly B narrowly C usually D strictly48.A outcomes B advantages C qualifications D strategies49.A concerning B regarding C considering D involving50.A applicants B creators C witnesses D successorsApply, application, applicantSucceed, successive, succeeding , successorsContinual , continuous80 Years has witnessed the ups and downs of ……Standard, level, criteriaWater table, water levelHigh level, low levelDesign criteriaStandard for designPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneA year ago, my boss announced that our large New York ad agency would be moving to an open office.After nine years as a senior writer, I was forced to trade in my private office for a seat at a long, shared table. It felt like my boss had ripped off my clothes and left me standing in my underwear.However, about 70 percent of U.S. offices now have no or low partitions. Silicon Valley has been the leader in bringing down the dividers. Google, Yahoo and American Express are all adherents. Facebook designed the largest open floor plan in the world, housing nearly 3,000 engineers.Adhere to …These new floor plans are ideal for maximizing a company’s space while minimizing costs. Bosses love the ability to keep a closer eye on their employees, ensuring movie-watching, constant social media-browsing and unlimited personal cellphone use isn’t occupying billing hours.While employees feel like they’re part of a relaxed, innovative enterprise, the environment ultimately damages workers’attention spans, creativity and satisfaction. Furthermore, a sense of privacy boostsjob performance, while the opposite can cause feeling of helplessness. In addition to the distractions, my colleagues and I have been more vulnerable to illness. Last flu season took down a succession of my co-workers like dominoes.As the new space intended, I’ve formed interesting, unexpected bonds with my colleagues. But my personal performance at work has hit an all-time low. Each day, my associates and I are seated at a table staring at each other, having an ongoing 12-person conversation from 9 a.m to 5 p.m. those who have worked in private offices for decades have proven to be the most noisy and tough. They haven’t had to consider how their loud habits affect others, so I can only work effectively during times when no one else is around, or if I isolate myself in one of the small, constantly sought-after, glass-windowed meeting rooms.To make the open-office model work, employers have to take measures to improve work efficiency. For one, they should create more private areas----ones without open windows. Also, they should implementrules on when interaction should be limited. And please, let’s eliminate the music that blankets our workspaces. Companies could simply join another trend----allowing employees to work from home. That model boosts productivity, with employees working more hours and taking fewer breaks. There are fewer interruptions when employees work remotely. At home, my greatest distraction is the refrigerator. 51. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?A The author enjoyed working in an open office.B This open-office model has gained popularity.C Companies are compelled to shift to an open office.D Google and Yahoo refuse to go along with the trend.52. Large open floor plans can help bosses to ____A reduce investment in research.B show movies to workers in the officeC supervise co-workers’ conversations.D restrict the use of personal cell phones.53. According to Paragraph 4, an open office ____A can benefit workers’ mental health.B brings no relaxation to workers at all.C adversely affects productivity and health.D contribute to better productivity .54. It can be concluded from Paragraph 5 that in an open office ___A fellow workers are likely to spend a long time talking.B one’s personal performance can be improved easily.C work efficiency can be ensured amid frequent interaction.D most of the workers can easily become close friends.55. The last sentence of this passage suggests that the author___A can hardly concentrate on his work at home.B often suffers from the noise of the refrigerator.C works more efficiently at home than in the open office.D has nobody to talk to while working at home.56. The central idea of this passage is that the open-office model___A should be highly recommended.B is destroying the workplace.C is more of a blessing than a curse.D proves to be quite innovativePassage TwoThe mosquito-borne Zika virus, which has spread to 22 countries in the Americas, is terrifying to pregnant women and their partners. The virus may cause birth defects in babies whose mothers were infected during pregnancy. In Brazil more than 4,000 have been born with abnormally small heads since last October, compared with fewer than 200 in a typical year. The response of several governments has triggered a debate about abortion and birth control which may outlast the outbreak itself.OutbreakBreak outStudent-leading movementStudent-led movement.Input, output , outset, outskirts, outspread, uphold, Outgrow, outlastMan-eating society , man-eaten societyMan-made satelliteSound-producing insectsIt started after some governments advised women to delay getting pregnant. Colombia, which has the second-highest number of infections after Brazil, advised women to wait six to eight months. Jamaica issued a similar recommendation, even though no cases of Zika have yet been reported there. El Salvador’s government suggested that women should delay pregnancy until 2021. Panama warned women from vulnerable communities not to conceive. Some women find this advice rather bossy. Others say that governments have done little to help women control their fertility. A lobby group in New York notes that rates of teenage pregnancy in Latin America are among the world’s highest, as 56% of pregnancies inLatin America and the Caribbean are unintended. Rates of accidental pregnancy are high because sex education is inadequate and birth control is hard to come by. Health workers are reluctant to prescribe contraceptives to teenagers or to women who have not yet given birth. If women are to avoid pregnancy, governments must inform them better and provide more access to contraception for both men and women.Some argue that the Zika crisis should prompt countries to liberalize policies that severely restrict abortion. In El Salvador, which does not allow abortion even if a woman’s life is at risk, activists are stepping up their campaign for a change in the law. A Brazilian newspaper argued that Brazil should end its ban on most abortions.Rather than calling on women to delay pregnancy, Brazil is sensibly concentrating its efforts on the mosquito responsible, which also carries dengue and yellow fever. The country had stamped out the threat by 1958 but let down its guard and allowed it to return. The health minister announced that insect repellentwill be distributed to 400,000 expectant mothers. Some 310,000 health workers are teaching people how to keep mosquitoes at bay. Following WHO guidelines, Brazil advises women contemplating pregnancy on how to avoid getting bitten by mosquitoes. Women need facts, not fertility targets.57. The first paragraph is primarily concerned with ___A the harm done by the Zika virus.B abortion and birth controlC the response of some countries.D the origin of the Zika virus .58. The rate of infections with the Zika virus is the highest in ___A ColombiaB BrazilC JamaicaD Panama59. Rates of accidental pregnancy are high in Latin America because of the following except ___A insufficient sex education or information on pregnancy.B the reluctance to prescribe contraceptives to teenagers.C poor accessibility of birth control for men and women.D the extremely low rate of marriage in some countries.60. Which of the following is true according to this passage?A Abortion is strictly prohibited in the whole of Latin America.B Activists in El Salvador are fighting for the right to abortion.C Brazil has managed to eliminate the mosquito responsible.D Most women have been convinced of the advice by governments.61. The underlined words in the last paragraph probably mean ____A stay away from mosquitoesB try to make mosquitoes extinctC confine mosquitoes to the beachD culture some new mosquitoes62. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?A How to Contain the Zika Virus?B health during PregnancyC To Breed, or not to BreedD Measures of Birth ControlCheck :Passage ThreeAfter a jury convicted ex-Virginia Governor, Bob McDonnell, I wrote an op-ed calling attention to the “real stars” of the McDonnell case. It is easy to get distracted by the sensational details of the new case, but it would be better to focus on the big picture.Ex-husband …Ex-president. Late-presidentVice-president ….Deputy-presidentProfessor, associate-professor , lecturer , assistant …The judge convicted him of robbery.The judge convicted him to 15 years’ imprisonment. Convince convincing factsAssure sb of sth , assure sb that clause ….I assure him of my honesty .I assure him that I am honest. Integrity,integration( integrate…) =combineIrritation, irrigation =waterConvince sb of sth = convince sb that clause….Assure, ensure, insure,I insured 1000 yuan against unexpected injury.Guarantee ….Ensure = make sure ….To ensure that the meeting goes smoothly, we have made full arrangement.To see(to it) that …=to make sure …American politicians face a harsh reality. The average Senate campaign costs more than $10 million! Point the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) at any electedofficial, and I suspect it can uncover a contributor who received special treatment: a meeting with staff here, a call to an agency there. None of it is necessarily illegal. Americans are not only allowed to give money to politicians. The Supreme Court has said they have a constitutional right to spend money on campaign. Elected officials, in turn, have the freedom to decide which calls they answer, what meetings they arrange, how to craft legislation and whom it benefits.It could be, then, that what set McDonnell apart from other politicians is not the alleged illegality of his conduct, but that the FBI took such a hard look at him. Thankfully, the FBI’s interest doesn’t appear to be political. More likely, agents became interested in these cases like they get interested in lots of things; they happened upon public corruption while looking into something else. The FBI reportedly was investigating Jonnie Williams’ company for securities fraud when it stumbled upon his gifts to McDonnell. There are two important lessons here, one for politicians and one for the rest of us. The politicians need to distance themselves from their rich donors.Ethics aside, it is simply too risky to take contributions and gifts from people whose interests you intend to advance. Better to lose an election than to go to federal prison.Everyone else should start thinking about prosecutorial power to act. It’s bad enough that our political system seems to be populated with criminals. We should also worry about how prosecutors choose among them to decide whom to imprison.Random selection, which appears to explain the McDonnell case, is the least of our worries. The real concern is politically motivated prosecutions, which are made all too easy in a system flush with cash and regulated by flexible public corruption laws. Sadly in a pay-to-play political system, once FBI agents direct their investigative power at a particular politicians, the likelihood of a federal accusation may only depend on how hard they look.Hit-and-run63. In the first paragraph, “the big picture” probablyrefers to ____A the details of the McDonnell caseB the political system in the US.C. the economic situation in the US D other officials involved in this case.64. Which of the following is true about the McDonnell case?A McDonnell has turned out to be innocent.B He gave expensive gifts to Jonnie Williams.C The FBI happened to find his criminality.D The FBI’s investigation is politically motivated.65. The lesson that politicians should learn from the case of McDonnell is to ___.A stay away from wealthy donorsB work in the interests of rich donors.C forget about ethics when with rich donorsD make friends with many rich donors.66. The last paragraph implies that in the American political system___A there are few corrupt politiciansB money plays a minor roleC random selection is a big concernD it is easy tospot cases of corruption67 This passage is primarily concerned with _____in the United States.A ways to keep governance cleanB the responsibilities of the FBIC the political corruption problemD the role of money in legal matters68. The attitude of the author towards the American political system is ___A curiousB criticalC appreciativeD indifferentPassage FourThe fourth and final article from Sheryl Sandberg and Adam Grant in The New York Times’“Women at Work”series appeared today; it is as misguided as the previous three have been, bordering on offensive. Do we really need Sandberg telling men that if they do a load of laundry now and then, they might get lucky? Yes, that is an exact point in the article. To quote: A man was asked by his wife one night to do a load of laundry. He picked up the basket and asked hopefully, “Is this lean in laundry?”The bigger issue with the entire New York Times series is that rather than focusing on the abilities of women, all they’ve done is offer studies and statistics pointing out how bad things are, then asking men to change that. It is so disappointing that Sandberg and Grant keep repeating the same point---“Hey, guys, help the poor girls out!”They continue to tell men that they should do more office chores, let women speak at work, use the same criteria for evaluating female managers as male ones. It’s all about men and what they need to do to boost up ladies.The tone of these articles also implies that every successful woman was somehow given a shot by some man. Most successful women I know weren’t given anything. They earned it. And when they didn’t get it even after earning it, they struggled and seized it. It is so unproductive for women to repeat that the workplace needs to change to reward us. How about if women change? Why don’t we start behaving in ways that will get us rewarded in the workplace? Whenever I speak or write about equality for women in the workplace, I never address what men need to dodifferently. Men have no incentive to do anything differently. This system is working for them, and if women want to compete in male-dominated fields, we need to develop the instincts and attitudes what will get us rewarded in those fields. Women don’t have to “behave like men,” but we can make the changes needed to be recognized and promoted without asking them for the scraps. We should not stamp our feet and demand that men help us get there. After all, no woman has to lean in when she’s standing at the head of the table.69. What does the author of this passage think of the article mentioned in the first paragraph?A misleadingB instructiveC amusingD paradoxical70. The author believes that the problem with this New York Time s series is that is ___A overemphasizes mutual help between males and females.B elaborates on the advantages of males over femalesC suggests the two sexes be evaluated in the sameway.D ignores what women can do for themselves.71.The main idea of the third paragraph is that ____A women have to adapt to the work environment.B there is a man behind each successful woman.C workplace should be changed to reward women.D women become successful on their own.72. In the last paragraph, the author of this passage suggests that ___A men start to do things differently for women’s sake.B women ask men for help whenever necessary.C women become independent and self-reliant.D women stop competing with men at work.73. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?A Women-Stop ‘Leaning” and Start LeadingB Men-Be Helpful at Home and at Work.C Men and Women—Who Is Superior?D Men and Woman—How Different Are They?74. The author seems to be _____ these articles by Sheryl Sandberg and Adam Grant.A interested inB critical aboutC convinced byD encouraged byPassage FiveImagine a world without alcohol sponsorship of sport and without drinks ads on TV. You’re imagining France, the country with a heavy drinking rate one sixth that of Ireland. It’s a country where there is a genuinely sensible and mature approach to alcohol----with a range of regulations for the alcohol industry.To be certain, people drink in France----there is alcoholism and serious issues for public health there, just as in other societies where alcohol is available----but in France, the trend is downward and heavy drinking isn’t group activity where getting drunk is the objective.The drinks industry in Ireland is pitilessly efficient and deeply rational----like any multi-billion euro industry, knowing how to get people to drink more, how to grow a market, how to cultivate the next generation of drinkers and how to put them on thevalue addition conveyor belt.The economics of drinking is strikingly obvious. A massive diversity of products at a massively wide range of prices, with a staggering diversity of lifestyle messages and marketing approaches to segment and divide the market. We start with the young drinkers, who don’t have a whole lot of money----for young men there’re the thin aluminum can beers which promise European sophistication and precious metals. For the ladies there are the lighter alcohols and coolers, which promise to have one laugh uncontrollably into the night with your equally attractive mid-twenties friends, often with a three-for-two offer.The next stage in the process is to get the drinker into the bottled beers and shift the ladies towards whiskey. In summer, everyone is encouraged to dedicate time to quenching the thirst with juice---and to move on from there. At each life stage there is a higher-value drink product targeted at our aspirations and an encouragement to get some of the good life. The drinks industry reminds us to tame our animal side with a trip to their website saying that ‘enjoyinga drink may be a part of Irish culture…’and, at the start of an article on the possible health benefits of cutting down on alcohol, states: “Lots of people associate moderate drinking with relaxation and fun.”The drinks industry needs young drinkers----it cultivate drinkers as early as possible, but it cultivates partners and harvests goodwill as well.75. Which of the following statements is true about France?A No one consumes an excessive amount of alcohol.B There are no strict regulations for the alcohol industry.C Sport can be sponsored by alcohol producers.D There are no TV commercials related to alcohol.76. The underlined words in Paragraph 3 imply that the drinks industry in Ireland___A cares about the health of consumersB is good at boosting sales of alcohol.C has enjoyed quite high productivityD tries to make money by illegal means77. Paragraph 4 and 5 are focused on ____the drinks industry.A the economic employed byB the wide range of products ofC various lifestyle messages fromD health benefits associated with78. The drinks industry has been working hard to increase its sales by ____A telling consumers the truth about the harm of alcohol.B encouraging consumers to use the same drink product.C targeting at young drinkers exclusively and relentlessly.D matching each stage of life with a particular type of drink79. The central idea of this passage is that in Ireland____A the drinks industry cares about sales, not you.B alcoholism is a serious social problem.C there is an abundant supply of drink products.D people should learn from their French neighbors80. The author’s tone in writing this passage is ___A appreciativeB supportiveC ironicD objective。

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A (1 point each)1. A. He fixed the tape recorder.B. Although old, he is still working.C. His love for music surprised the two speakers.D. He picked up the tape recorder from the garbage can.2. A. He can't imagine what his friends have got for him.B. He always knows what Mary will say.C. He is anxious to see Mary's reaction to the gift.D. He is too busy to wait.3. A. His car broke down.B. He is usually late.C. He never leaves his house before 9:00.D. He might be late because of the bad traffic.4. A. No, because the man will have guests.B. No, because the man has seen the movie.C. No, because the man will go out.D. No, because the man wants to see the movie alone.5. A. She will continue with her diet.B. She can't afford expensive food.C. She might die any day.D. She is overweight.6. A. He should be thinking about something more important.B. He has enough money for a car.C. He spends money like water.D. He can't afford a car.7. A. People have different tastes.B. Each of them owns a restaurant.C. The woman should tell him her own opinion.D. Many customers like the restaurant.8. A. She has already seen it.B. She enjoys the movie.C. She regrets missing the movie.D. She doesn't care for the movie.9. A. Setting the table.B. Polishing silver.C. Sewing napkins.D. Putting the food away.Section B ( 1 point each)Mini-talk One10. A. A residential college.B. A family house,C. A university,D. An office block.11. A. It is the same as the old Smith House.B. It has become smaller.C. It has become larger.D. It is the same as it was in the 1840s.12. A. Wing 2-3rd Floor - Room 4.B. West - 2nd Floor - Room 34.C. West Wing 2 - 3rd Floor - Room 4.D. West Wing - 2nd Floor - Room 34.Mini-talk Two13. A. Smoking rooms.B. A gymnasium.C. Assembly roomsD. Dining rooms.14. A. April 10, 1912.B. April 11. 1912.C. April 13, 1912.D. April 14, 1912.15. A. There were not enough lifeboats.B. The water was cold.C. There was too much panic.D. People were disorganized.Section C ( 1 point each)The Film-making Process: Six steps16. Step 1: ____________________________17. Step 2:____________________________18. Step 3:____________________________19. Step 4:____________________________20. Step 5:____________________________Step 6: Composing the musicPART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovations, the incentive for path-breaking innovation will eventually dry up.A. investmentB. resourceC. inspirationD. stimulus22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despite the appalling working conditions.A. bewilderingB. exasperatingC. dismayingD. upsetting23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting and photography.A. all at onceB. by and byC. to some extentD. on the whole24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about the consequences.A. optimisticB. anxiousC. uncertainD. scared25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents' wishes.A. enhancedB. revisedC. alternatedD. modified26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery.A. arisen fromB. contributed toC. patched upD. participated in27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurors prevailed.A. resignedB. compromisedC. persistedD. dominated28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jefferson contended that the country should remain chiefly agricultural.A. inclinedB. struggledC. arguedD. competed29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.A. on occasionB. at presentC. by nowD. for sure30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifying victims' families.A. brieflyB. quicklyC. accuratelyD. earnestlySection B (0.5 point each)31. New York probably has the largest number of different language _________ in the world.A. neighborhoodsB. communitiesC. clustersD. assemblies32. Nuclear wastes are considered to _____ a threat to human health and marine life.A. composeB. imposeC. exposeD. pose33. Some states in the US have set _____ standards concerning math and science tests.A. energeticB. vigorousC. rigorousD. grave34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized ___________.A. presentationB. instructionC. convictionD. obligation35. Because of ______ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along with each other.A. incomprehensibleB. incomparableC. inconceivableD. incompatible36. As __________ China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthen anti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.A. in the light ofB. in the event ofC. in the case ofD. in the course of37. According to an Australian research, moderate drinkers ________ better thinkers than heavy drinkers or those who never drink.A. end upB. take upC. put upD. turn up38. Strangely enough, an old man ______ me and introduced himself, who turned out to be a friend of my father’s.A. stood up toB. walked up toC. lived up toD. added up to39. Many children often _____ why airplanes can fly like birds while we humans cannot.A. assumeB. anticipateC. assureD. wonder40. The FDA was created to _______ the safety of products, review applications and grant approvals.A. manipulateB. adjustC. regulateD. managePART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Tall people earn considerably more money throughout their lives than their shorter co-workers, with each inch adding about US$789 a year in pay, according to a new study. "Height 41 career success," says Timothy Judge, a University of Florida professor of management, who led the study. "These findings are troubling since, with a few 42 , such as professional basketball, no one could argue that height is something essential required for job 43 ," Judge points out.Judge analyzed results of four large-scale studies in the US and Britain that followed thousands of people from childhood to adulthood, examining details of their work and personal lives. "If you take this 44 the course of a 30-year career, we're talking about literally hundreds of thousands of dollars of earnings 45 that a tall person enjoys," Judge said.Greater height boosted both subjective ratings of work performance--a supervisor's 46 of how effective someone is-- and 47 measures of performance--such as sales volume. Being tall may boost self-confidence, improving performance. Other people may also give higher 48 and greater respect to a tall person, giving them an edge in negotiating states, he says.The commanding influence of height may be a remainder of our evolutionary 49 . Maybe from a time when humans lived among animals and size was 50 power and strength used when making "fight or run" decisions.41. A. makes out B. works in C. takes on D. matters for42. A. cases B. exceptions C. examples D. problems43. A. performance B. operation C. condition D. environment44. A. on B. with C. over D. to45. A. deficiency B. advantage C. loss D. necessity46. A. imagination B. decision C. judge D. evaluation47. A. relative B. absolute C. objective D. initiative48. A. state B. status C. situation D. statue49. A. origins B. sources C. courses D. organizations50. A. a time in B. a hold on C. a work at D. a sign ofPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneAt the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), a student loaded his class notes into a handheld e-mail device and tried to read them during an exam: a classmate turned him in. At the University of Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV) students photographed test questions with their cellphone cameras and transmitted them toclassmates. The university put in place a new examination-supervision system. "If they'd spend as much time studying, they'd all be A students," says Ron Yasbin, dean of the College of Sciences of UNLV.With a variety of electronic devices, American students find it easier to cheat. And college officials find themselves in a new game of cat and mouse. They are trying to fight would-be cheats in the exam season by cutting off Internet access from laptops, demanding the surrender of cellphones before tests or simply requiring that exams be taken with pens and paper."It is annoying. My hand-writing is so bad," said Ryan Dapremont, 21 who just finished his third year at Pepperdine University in California. He had to take his exams on paper. Dapremont said technology has made cheating easier, but plagiarism (剽窃) in writing papers was probably the biggest problem. Students can lift other people's writings off the Internet without attributing them.Still, some students said they thought cheating these days was more a product of the mindset, not the tools at hand. "Some people put too much emphasis on where they're going to go in the future, and all they're thinking about is graduate school and the next step," said Lindsay Nicholas, a third-year student at UCLA. She added that pressure to succeed "sometimes clouds everything and makes people do things that they shouldn't do."Some professors said they tried to write exams for which it was hard to cheat, posing questions that outside resources would not help answer. Many officials said that they rely on campus honor codes. They said the most important thing was to teach students not to cheat in the first place.51. One student at UCLA was found cheating ________________.A. when he was loading his class notes into a handheld e-mail deviceB. when he was trying to tell the answers to his classmatesC. after the university put in place a new examination-supervision systemD. after his classmate reported his cheating to the authority52. According to Ron Yasbin, all the cheating students _____________.A. should be severely punished for their dishonestyB. didn't have much time to study before the examC. could get the highest grades if they had studied hard enoughD. could be excused because they were not familiar with the new system53. To win the new game of cat and mouse in examinations, the college officials have to______________.A. use many high-tech devicesB. cut off Internet access on campusC. turn to the oral exanimation formsD. cut off the use of high-tech devices54. According to Ryan Dapremont, ______________.A. examinations taken with pens and paper were useless in fighting cheatingB. his examination paper was under-graded because of his bad hand-writingC. cheating was more serious in writing papers than in examinationsD. it was more difficult for him to lift other people's writings off the Internet55. Which of the following is probably the most Significant measure to fight cheating?A. Putting less emphasis on where the students are going to go in the future.B. Letting students know that honesty is more important.C. Writing examinations for which it is hard to cheat.D. Setting up more strict campus honor codes.56. The best title of the passage might be_____________.A. Cheating Has Gone High-techB. Game of Cat and MouseC. A New Examination-supervision SystemD. Measures to Fight Against DishonestyPassage TwoTop marathon runners tend to be lean and light, star swimmers are long thighs with huge feet and gold medal weightlifters are solid blocks of muscle with short arms and legs. So, does your physical shape--and the way your body works--fit you for a particular sport? Or does your body develop a certain way because of your chosen sport?"It's about 55:45, genes to the environment," says Mike Rennie, professor of clinical physiology at Britain's University of Nottingham Medical School. Rennie cites the case of identical twins from Germany, one of whom was a long-distance athlete, the other a powerful sportsman, so, "They look quite different, despite being identical twins."Someone who's 1.5-meters tall has little chance of becoming an elite basketball player. Still, being over two meters tall won't automatically push you to Olympic gold. "Unless you have tactical sense where needed, unless you have access to good equipment, medical care and the psychological conditions, and unless you are able to drive yourself through pain, all the physical strength will be in vain," said Craig Sharp, professor of sports science at Britain's Brunel University.Jonathan Robinson, an applied sports scientist at the University of Bath's sports development department, in southwest England, points to the importance of technique. "In swimming only 5-10 per cent of the propelling force comes from the legs, so technique is vital."Having the right physique for the right sport is a good starting point. Seventeen years ago, the Australian Institute of Sport started a national Talent Search Program, which searched schools for 14-16-year-olds with the potential to be elite athletes. One of their first finds was Megan Still, world champion rower. In 1987, Still had never picked up an oar in her life. But she had almost the perfect physique for a rower. After intensive training, she won gold in women's rowing in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.Other countries have followed the Australian example. Now the explosion of genetic knowledge has meant that there is now a search, not just for appropriate physique but also for "performance genes."57. It can be concluded from the passage that__________.A. physical strength is more important for sportspersons' successB. training conditions are more important for sportspersons' successC. genes are more important for sportspersons' successD. psychological conditions are more important for sportspersons' success58. The case of identical twins from Germany shows that_________.A. environment can help determine people's body shapeB. genes are the decisive factors for people's body shapeC. identical twins are likely to enjoy different sportsD. identical twins may have different genes for different sports59. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Craig Sharp as a required quality for a sportsperson to win an Olympic gold medal?A. The physical strength.B. The right training conditions.C. The talent for the sports.D. The endurance for pains.60. Seventeen years ago Megan Still was chosen for rowing because____________.A. she had the talent for rowingB. her body shape was right for a rowerC. she had the performance genesD. she was a skillful rower61. The word "elite" in Paragraph 5 means ________ .A. the most wealthyB. the most skilledC. the most industriousD. the most intelligent62. The elite athletes of the future may come from people who naturally possess___________.A. the best body shapes and an iron purposeB. the extremes of the right physique and strong willsC. the right psychological conditions and sports talentsD. the right physique and genes for sportsPassage ThreeFor years, a network of citizens' groups and scientific bodies has been claiming that science of global warming is inconclusive. But who funded them?Exxon's involvement is well known. ExxonMobil is the world's most profitable corporation. It makes most of its money from oil, and has more to lose than any other company from efforts to tackle climate change. To safeguard its profits, ExxonMobil needs to sow doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken on climate change. But there are difficulties: it must confront a scientific consensus as strong as that which maintains that smoking causes lung cancer or that HIV causes Aids. So what's its strategy?The website , using data found in the company's official documents, lists 124 organizations that have taken money from the company or work closely with those that have. These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that the science is contradictory, the scientists are split, environmentalists are liars or lunatics, and if governments took action to prevent global warming, they would be endangering the global economy for no good reason. The findings these organizations dislike are labeled "junk science". The findings they welcome are labeled "sound science".This is not to claim that all the science these groups champion is bogus. On the whole, they use selection, not invention. They will find one contradictory study - such as the discovery of tropospheric (对流层的) cooling - and promote it relentlessly. They will continue to do so long after it has been disproved by further work. So, for example, John Christy, the author of the troposphere paper, admitted in August 2005 that his figures were incorrect, yet his initial findings are still being circulated and championed by many of these groups, as a quick internet search will show you.While they have been most effective in the United States, the impacts of the climate-change deniers sponsored by Exxon have been felt all over the world. By dominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight critical years in which urgent international talks should have been taking place, by constantly seeding doubt about the science just as it should have been most persuasive, they have justified the money their sponsors have spent on them many times over.63. Which of the following has NOT been done by the organizations to establish their position on climate change'?A. Damaging the reputation of environmentalists.B. Emphasizing the lack of consensus among scientists.C. Stressing the unnecessary harm to tile global economy.D. Protecting the scientific discoveries from being misused.64. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "bogus' (in Paragraph 4)?A. Reasonable.B. Fake.C. Limitless.D. Inconsistent.65. John Christy is mentioned to show_______________.A. how closely these organizations work with scientistsB. how these organizations select scientific findings for their own purposeC. how important correct data are for scientists to make sound discoveriesD. how one man's mistake may set back the progress of science66. The organizations sponsored by Exxon ___________.A. have lived up to their promisesB. have almost caused worldwide chaosC. have failed to achieve their original goalD. have misunderstood the request of the sponsor67. The passage is mainly focused on____________.A. Exxon's involvement in scientific scandalsB. Exxon's contributions to the issue of climate changeC. Exxon's role in delaying solutions to global warmingD. Exxon's efforts to promote more scientific discoveries68. What is the author's tone in presenting the passage?A. Factual.B. Praiseful.C. Biased.D. Encouraging.Passage FourWhere anyone reaching the age of 60 was considered to be near death's door at the turn of the 20th century, it is barely old enough for retirement at the turn of the 21st century. And scientists are still not holding back. They say that as new anti-ageing treatments become available, our species will get even older. While few would argue。

电子科技大学研究生历年学位英语考试试题及答案（8）（共5篇）第一篇：电子科技大学研究生历年学位英语考试试题及答案 (8) 2002年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题答案(GET 20020106)Keys: Part IISection A 16.CVocabulary18.A 28.D 38.C 48.A19.B 29.A 39.B 49.C20.D 30.B 40.D 50.B21.A 31.D 41.C22.D32.B 42.A23.A 33.C 43.D24.C 34.D 44.B25.A 35.A 45.D17.DSection B 26.B 27.B Part III36.B 46.D37.A 47.CClozePart IVReading Comprehension 51.C 52.D 53.A 54.B 55.A61.A 71.B62.A 72.A63.D 73.D64.B 74.B65.B 75.D56.D 66.C 76.D57.A 67.B 77.B58.D 68.D 78.B59.B 69.D 79.C60.C 70.D 80.CPaper TwoPart V TranslationSection A 【英译汉】对于一个公司产品的准确预测取决于该公司产品的知名度。

对于许多硅谷人来说，这一点令人感到无可奈何。

成长呈急剧上升趋势的新兴产业对其产品在最初几年的出色表现几乎总是惊讶不已，随后，当产品需求下降时他们又会感到手足无措。

斯坦福大学的一位商业策略教授说：“在一个充满活力和变数的市场，人们是会犯错误的。

这是由市场的内在本质所决定的。

”在硅谷的许多地方，以及在其他的地方，不可预测性是无法避免的。

解决之道是：不断创新，但同时又要开发出优良的服务项目与产品一道出售。

一位公司总裁说，“出色的服务”会抹平新产品换代过程中出现的不足。

Section B 【汉译英】In the past four years.China has managed to withstand the impact of two global economic recessions, and has enjoyed a rapid and sustainable economic growth.At present, the problem China is facing is how to turn its 1.3 billion people into consumers in the true sense, so as to expand its domestic market.第二篇：电子科技大学研究生历年学位英语考试试题及答案2004年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题讲解第二部分词汇Section A21.(D)该句意为：尽管这些农民勤劳，拼命干活，但由于闭塞，当地经济十分落后。

Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A (1 point each)1. A. To work in his place.B. To ask his boss for leave.C. To meet his friend at the airport.D. To cover his absence from his boss.2. A. He doesn't want to go to the show, as he is not interested in it.B. He is not free to go to the fashion show with the woman.C. He cannot go with the woman, as he has a pile of paperwork to do.D. He cannot go with the woman, as he has to finish his paper.3. A. He has been mad.B. He has been pretty busy.C. He was at a meeting.D. He was with a business partner.4. A. A salesman.B. A bank teller.C. A policeman.D. A postman.5. A. She hasn't been in touch with Sam for weeks.B. She has been looking for Sam for weeks.C. Sam has been hunting for weeks.D. Sam has been out of work for weeks.6. A. She won't tell anyone else about the file.B. She will wrap the file very carefully.C. She is confident about the file.D. She will keep the file in a safe.7. A. He was very careful about what he said.B. He said something that he shouldn't have said.C. He didn't understand what the woman wanted him to do.D. He talked too much to the woman.8. A. He has had an accident.B. He has run out of gas.C. His car has been broken~D, He has arrived home.9. A. It is to reduce the cost of building.B. The location is more convenient.C. People like to live in high buildings.D. People can have a better view in high buildings.Section BMini-talk One10. A. Britain has been punished for exporting rubbish to China.B. Britain is dumping its wastes to China in the name of recycling.C. China should set up new environmental standards.D. China should acknowledge the costs of the environmental damage.11. A. 20,000.B. 50,000.C. 200,000.D. 500,000.12. A. They don't have any environmental standards to follow.B. They are doing the recycling in backyards.C. Their employees have been poisoned.D. They cause more pollution to the environment.Mini-talk Two13. A. He is a doctor.B. He is a music star.C. He is a drug dealer.D. He is a spokesman.14. A. He was recovering from cancer.B. He was going to receive an operation.C. He was expected to quit from the group.D. He was involved in a scandal.15. A. Most of its members abuse drugs.B. Most of its members are from the countryside.C. The group has been in trouble since 1963.D. The group has been full of scandals.Section C16. Where did the French Government legalize the use of mobile phone blocking devices?17. The blocking device can prevent people from receiving and making mobile telephone calls within _________ of the device.18. By changing the law the government expects to make cinemas ____________.19. While blocking telephone signals in cinemas and theaters the blocking device might affect signals on ____________.20. Before it was legalized, the use of blocking devices was punishable with a fine of 20,660 pounds or ________________.Part II VocabularySection A (0.5 point each)21. An important innovation in this college was the introduction of the seminary method for advancedstudents.A. ideaB. changeC. matterD. policy22. This archaeologist made a study of the vast area through which the Roman civilization has beenpropagated.A. extendedB. terminatedC. speculatedD. restricted23. The investor would suffer a lot from a television series that was heavily invested in but never came off.A. was releasedB. proved satisfactoryC. failed completelyD. won awards24. Given the gravity of the situation, the best thing we can do is to declare the company bankrupt.A. gravitationB. fascinationC. seriousnessD. incurability25. When the symptom occurs, she finds it difficult to manipulate a pencil despite her young age.A. utilizeB. handleC. masterD. dominate26. These figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically imperfect.A. amount toB. conform toC. contribute toD. attach to27. The researchers are working hard to find the optimal concentration of this drug.A. most poisonousB. most likelyC. most famousD. most desirable28. This young lawyer dares to take on the powerful on behalf of the poor and weak.A. win the favor ofB. find good jobs forC. assume the responsibility forD. accept the challenge of29. The last traces of respectability had vanished by the time he was convicted and imprisoned.A. collapsedB. disappearedC. perishedD. scattered30. Fearful of losing her job for good, this lady decided to talk to the manager directly.A. for benefitsB. by luckC. for everD. at handSection B (0.5 point each)31. This country could have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2010 if the ____ is not takenseriously.A. episodeB. epidemicC. equivalentD. eruption32. With a wide variety of fresh fruit ____available, canned fruit is no longer so popular as before.A. willinglyB. appropriatelyC. confidentlyD. readily33. The crisis over parliamentary election illustrated the unpredictable ____ that events could take oncethe coalition troops are withdrawn.A. processB. lineC. wayD. course34. Decades of ______ might have been partially responsible for our ignorance of development abroad.A. insulationB. irrigationC. integrationD. isolation35. There have been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains _____ through suicide.A. by and largeB. once for allC. heart and soulD. on the whole36. The country once threatened to ____ diplomatic relations with its neighbor if the latter was toofriendly to the rebels.A. show off:B. keep offC. break offD. call off37. In English learning, a _____circle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded.A. viciousB. vigorousC. verticalD. voluntary38. Some ancient people were able to tell the time by the shadow _____ by the sun on the slate.A. thrownB. flungC. castD. tossed39. Competition compels districts to devote their limited resources to achieving results that compare_______ with other local districts.A. significantlyB. favorablyC. dramaticallyD. superficially40. If you don't know how to _____ your achievements, your parting from this world is going to be anightmare.A. take hold ofB. get rid ofC. let go ofD. make fun ofPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, I point each)There is now a new keychain device that lets people turn off most TVs anywhere--from airports to restaurants. And it is selling faster than 41 . “I thought there would just be a few sales, but we can't 42 demand,”said inventor Mitch Altman of San Francisco, U.S. “I didn't know there were so many people who wanted to turn TVs off.”Hundreds of orders for Altman's US$14.99 TV-B-Gone device poured in last week. The tiny remote control device had been 43 in Wired magazine and other online-media outlets. 44 , the unexpected attention overloaded the website of his company, Cornfield Electronics, and caused it to 45.The keychain device works like a 46 remote control--but it only turns TVs on or off. With a push of the button, it goes through a 47 of about 200 infrared (红外线的) codes that control the power of about 1,000 television models. Altman said the majority of TVs should 48 within 17 seconds. It takes a little more than a minute for the device to 49 all the trigger codes.The 47-year-old Altman got the idea for TV-B-Gone a decade ago. He was out with friends at a restaurant and they found themselves all 50 by the TV, but no one was around to turn it off.41. A. expects B. expectation C. expecting D. expected42. A. give in to B. hold on to C. keep up with D. make up for43. A. announced B. acknowledged C. admitted D. applied44. A. At the same time B. At times C. On time D. Behind time45. A. clash B. crush C. crash D. cruise46. A. universal B. commonplace C. mean D. medium47. A. flock B. string C. school D. fleet48. A. repel B. repeat C. reproach D. react49. A. submit B. permit C. emit D. omit50. A. haunted B. bothered C. interrupted D. hinderedPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneTies have no practical use at all and most men see them as part of a uniform instead of an independent piece of clothing. But, these small strips of cloth should not be underestimated, fashion experts say.The shirt, suit or jacket are neutral means of expression. But, the tie gives you the final personal touch, experts suggest.In fact, its color also has psychological importance. "Red, for instance, evokes feelings of warmth and intimacy", according to Axel Venn. He's a professor of design at the University of Applied Sciences and Art in Germany. "It also stands for energy, dynamism and strength."Using shades of color requires understanding and sensitivity. Orange is regarded as a lively color. Blue stands for matter-of-fact, solitude and coolness. Shiny yellow stirs amusement. Green is the color of nature and harmony.It's only when the color fits the personal character that it is viewed as authentic."A lively orange with a black suit and white shirt can look great at a private party or in an artistic environment," Venn says. "In a conservative environment such as in a bank such dress is unsuitable".Imme Vogelsang, a trainer of etiquette in Hamburg, Germany, recommends in business environment low contrasting colors such as wine red, dark green or dark blue.But feminine colors have also become popular. "Light green and a fine rose color play an increasing role. Such colors express innovation and sensitivity," Venn says.Also, patterns that stand out can be an interesting eye catcher in a private environment but are unsuitable in business."Stripes and small geometric patterns are more appropriate in business," Vogelsang says, "but stripes should never run vertically or horizontally."With diagonal stripes it is important to look at the direction. They should run from the bottom left to the fight top. "This symbolizes dynamism. In the opposite direction it shows fear and escapist thoughts."51. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Ties--Impractical Pieces of ClothingB. Psychological Importance of TiesC. What The Colors of Ties MeanD. The Colors of Ties and the Occasions to Wear Them52. According to the passage, ties are more important ___________.A. than shirts, suits or jacketsB. in colors than in patternsC. in expressing one's mood than shirtsD. in business than on private occasions53. What color of tie should one wear, if he wants to appear energetic?A. Green.B. Orange.C. Shiny yellow.D. Red.54. The best color for the tie of a judge in a court should be _________.A. light green.B. lively orangeC. fine roseD. dark blue55. What kind of ties is more suitable on an important business occasion?A. Ties without stripes and geometric patterns.B. Ties with swipes of vertical or horizontal patterns.C. Ties of no bright colors and obvious patterns.D. Plain ties without any swipes and patterns.56. It is implied in the passage that ______.A. ties with stripes from the bottom left to the right top are not popularB. ties with stripes from the bottom right to the left top are not popularC. ties with stripes of vertical or horizontal patterns are popularD. ties of feminine colors are out of fashion nowadaysPassage TwoAnimals are more like us than we ever imagined. They feel pain, they experience stress, and they show affection, excitement and love. All these findings have been made by scientists in recent years--and such results are beginning to change how we view animals.Strangely enough, this research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald's and KFC. Pressured by animal rights groups, these companies felt they had to fund scientists researching the emotional and mental states of animals.McDonald's, for instance, funded studies on pig behaviors at Purdue University, Indiana. This research found that pigs seek affection and easily become depressed if left alone or prevented from playing with each other. If they become depressed, they soon become physically ill. Because of this, and other similar studies, the European Union has banned the use of isolating pig stalls from 2012. In Germany, the government is encouraging pig farmers to give each pig 20 seconds of human contact a day, and to provide them with toys to prevent them from fighting.Other scientists have shown that animals think and behave like humans.Koko, the 300-pound gorilla (大猩猩) at the Gorilla Foundation in Northern California, for instance, has been taught sign language. Koko can now understand several thousand English words, more than many humans who speak English as a second language. On human IQ tests, she scores between 70 and 95. Before such experiments, humans thought language skills were absent from the animal kingdom. Other myths are also being overturned, like the belief that animals lack self-awareness. Studies have also shown that animals mourn their dead, and that they play for pleasure.These striking similarities between animal and human behavior have led some to ask a question: "If you believe in evolution, how can't you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?"Until recently, scientists believed that animals behaved by instinct and that what appeared to be learned behavior was merely genetically-programmed activity. But as Koko the Gorilla shows, this is not the case. In fact, learning is passed from parents to offspring far more often than not in the animal kingdom.So what implications does this knowledge have for humans? Because of this, should we ban hunting and animal testing? Should we close zoos? Such questions are being raised by many academics and politicians. Harvard and 25 other American law schools have introduced courses on animal rights.57. The author feels it strange that the research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald's and KFC probably because these companies ____________.A. are the largest fast food chains in the worldB. have little to do with animalsC. consume a large amount of meat each dayD. are notorious for their ill-treatment to animals58. The experiment with Koko shows ____________.A. gorillas' IQ scores are as high as human beings'B. animals are much cleverer than we used to believeC. parent animals can pass learning to their offspring intentionallyD. some gorillas are smarter than many humans59. Which of the following is NOT true according to the studies?A. Some animals have developed language skills.B. Some animals can show their feelings.C. Animals enjoy playing with each other.D. Animals become indifferent when one of them dies.60. By citing the question “If you believe in evolution, how can't you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?” the author means _________.A. human feelings can trace their origin back to animalsB. animal's feelings are as developed as human beings'C. from the point of view of evolution animals should have no feelingsD. we cannot believe that animals have feelings that human beings have61. The studies urge us to __________.A. stop killing animals for foodB. ban hunting and animal testingC. close zoos and animal farmsD. change our ways to treat animals62. The purpose of this passage is to tell us that ________.A. animals are much smarter than we ever imaginedB. animal rights should be taught in schoolsC. we should show greater respect to animalsD. animal rights should be protected worldwidePassage ThreeIn a recent Sunday school class in a church in the Northeast, a group of eight-to ten-year-olds were in a deep discussion with their two teachers. When asked to choose which of ten stated possibilities they most feared happening their response was unanimous. All the children most dreaded a divorce between their parents.Later, as the teachers, a man and a woman in their late thirties, reflected on the lesson, they both agreed they'd been shocked at the response. When they were the same age as their students, they said, the possibility of their parents' being, divorced never entered their heads. Yet in just one generation, children seemed to feel much less security in their family ties.Nor is the experience of these two Sunday school teachers an isolated one. Psychiatrists revealed in one recent newspaper investigation that the fears of children definitely do change in different periods; and in recent times, divorce has become one of the most frequently mentioned anxieties. In one case, for example, a four-year-old insisted that his father rather than his mother walk him to nursery school each day. The reason? He said many of his friends had “no daddy living at home, and I'm scared that will happen to me.”In line with such reports, our opinion leaders expressed great concern about the present and future status of the American family. In the poll 33 percent of the responses listed decline in family structure, divorce, and other family-oriented concerns, as one of the five major problems facing the nation today. And 26 percent of the responses included such family difficulties as one of the five major problems for the United. States in the next decade.One common concern expressed about the rise in divorces and decline in stability of the family is that the family unit has traditionally been a key factor in transmitting stable cultural and moral values from generation to generation. Various studies have shown that educational and religious institutions often can have only a limited impact on children without strong family support.63. It is mentioned that in a Sunday school class the children _________.A. deeply impressed their teachersB. had an argument with their teachersC. feared answering their teachers' questionD. gave the same response to their teachers' question64. The two teachers in the Sunday school felt _________.A. responsible for tightening school securityB. no fear of the divorce of their students' parentsC. no threat of broken family ties when they were ten-year-oldsD. shocked at the divorce rates of their students' parents65. The author uses a four-year-old as an example to ________.A. show the anxiety of today's childrenB. emphasize the importance of family tiesC. indicate the seriousness of psychological problemsD. reveal the change of children's attitude toward divorce66. It is stated that one third of the American population _________.A. consider family-oriented concerns to be a big problemB. are worried about the future of the United StatesC. believe the social situation is getting worseD. are facing family difficulties67. Family has been regarded as a major carrier of _________.A. religious beliefsB. various customsC. social traditionsD. cultural and moral values68. It is implied in the passage that __________.A. Sunday school teachers are different from public school teachersB. family has stronger impact on children than other social institutionsC. in a decade family-oriented concerns will be the same as they are nowD. parents' divorce has long been children's biggest fearPassage FourMusicians are fascinated with the possibility that music may be found in nature; it makes our own desire for art seem all the more essential. Over the past few years no less a bold musical explorer than Peter Gabriel has been getting involved. At the Research Center in Atlanta, Georgia, he has been making music together with Kanzi, one of the bonobo apes (倭黑猩猩involved in the long-term language acquisition studies of Sue and Duane Savage-Rumbaugh.I have seen the video of Kanzi picking notes out on a piano-like keyboard, with Gabriel and members of his band playing inside the observation booth in the lab. (They did it this way because Kanzi had bitten one of his trainers a few days previously--interspecies communication is not without its dangers.) The scene is beautiful, the ape trying out the new machine and looking thoughtfully pleased with what comes out. He appears to be listening, playing the right notes. It is tentative but moving, the animal groping for something from the human world but remaining isolated from the rest of the band. It is a touching encounter, and a bold move for a musician whose tune Shock the Monkey many years ago openly condemned the horrors of less sensitive animal experiments than this.What is the scientific value of such a jam session? The business of the Research Center is the forging of greater communication between human and animal. Why not try the fertile and mysterious ground of music in addition to the more testable arena of simple language? The advantage of hearing music in nature and trying to reach out to nature through music is that, though we don't fully understand it, we can easily have access to it. We don't need to explain its workings to be touched by it. Two musicians who don't speak the same language can play together, and we can appreciate the music from human cultures far from our own.Music needs no explanation, but it clearly expresses something deep and important, something humans cannot live without. Finding music in the sounds of birds, whales and other animals makes the farther frontiers of nature seem that much closer to us.69. It can be learned from the passage that Peter Gabriel __________.A. is a bold expert on animal behaviorB. wants to find more about natural musicC. is working on animal's language abilityD. specializes in human-animal cooperation70. Kanzi was arranged to stay in a separate place ________.A. to prevent him from attacking the human playersB. so that he would not be disturbed by othersC. because he needed a large room to move aroundD. after he had destroyed the others' musical instruments71. Kanzi the ape __________.A. was annoyed by the music-playing activityB. demonstrated no unusual talent for musicC. became more obedient when playing musicD. seemed content with what he was producing72. Which of the following words can best describe the advantage of music?A. Controllable.B. Explainable.C. Accessible.D. Testable.73. The writer seems to suggest that ___________.A. music should replace language as the major arena of animal researchB. animal experiments are more often than not cruel and inhumanC. great progress has been made in the field of interspecies communicationD. the experiment with music may help scientific research on animals74. The best title for the passage is ___________.A. Music - The Essence of NatureB. Music - A Better Way to Enjoy NatureC. Music - A New Frontier for ScientistsD. Music - Beyond National and Cultural BoundaryPassage FiveFaith in medicine runs deep in America. We spend more per person on health care than any other nation. Whether we eat too much or exercise too little, whether we're turning gray or feeling blue, we look to some pill or procedure to make us better.We assume that devoting ever more dollars to medicine will bring us longer, healthier lives. But there is mounting evidence that each new dollar we devote to the current health care system brings small and diminishing returns to public health. Today the United States spends more than $4,500 per person per year on health care. Costa Rica spends less than $300. Yet life expectancy at birth is nearly identical in both countries.Despite the highly publicized "longevity revolution," life expectancy among the elderly in the United States is hardly improving. Yes, we" are an aging society, but primarily because of falling birthrates. Younger Americans, meanwhile, are far more likely to be disabled than they were 20 years ago. Most affected are people in their thirties, whose disability rates increased by nearly 130 percent, due primarily to overweight.Why has our huge investment in health care left us so unhealthy? Partly it is because so many promised "miracle cures," from Interferon to gene therapies, have proven to be ineffective or even dangerous. Partly it's because health care dollars are so concentrated on the terminally ill and the very old that even when medical interventions "work," the gains to average life expectancy are small. And partly it is because of medical errors and adverse reaction to prescription drugs, which cause more deaths than motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer or AIDS. Each year roughly 200,000 seniors suffer fatal or life-threatening "adverse drug events" due to improper drug use or drug interaction.Why don't Americans live any longer than Costa Ricans? Overwhelmingly, it's because of differences in behavior. Americans exercise less, eat more, drive more, smoke more, and lead more socially isolated lives. Even at its best, modem medicine can do little to promote productive aging, because by the time most people come in contact with it their bodies are already compromised by stress, indulgent habits, environmental dangers and injuries.75. Americans in general believe that __________.A. more money spent on health care may not result in better healthB. health problems caused by bad habits can hardly be solved by medicineC. higher birthrate can better solve the problem of aging society than medicineD. medicine may provide an effective cure for various health problems76. Compared with the Americans, Costa Ricans _________.A. have a healthier way of lifeB. enjoy a longer life expectancyC. are more dependent on medicineD. are less concerned about their health77. The biggest problem affecting the health of younger Americans may be summarized as the problem of __________.A. overworkB. lifestyleC. stressD. depression78. Which of the following is NOT a reason why health care investment fails to bring a longer life?A. Imbalanced distribution of health care money.B. Failure of many highly-evaluated medical treatments.C. Soaring prices of both drugs and new therapies.D. Drug reaction due to improper use of drugs.79. It is implied in the last paragraph that _________.A. medicine should be taken timely before it is too lateB. poor health conditions leave little room for medicine to workC. great efforts should be made to develop new types of medicineD. it is reasonable to question the effectiveness of medicine80. The passage is mainly focused on __________.A. the limits of medicineB. the life hazards in the U.S.C. the barriers to a longer lifeD. the problems with health investmentPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)This book derives from decades of teaching in various schools across the country. It is based on the belief that philosophy is a genuinely exciting subject, accessible not only to specialists and a few gifted undergraduate majors but to everyone. Everyone is a philosopher, whether enrolled in a philosophical course or not. The difference is that someone who has studied philosophy systematically has the advantage of having encountered stronger and more varied arguments than might have been available otherwise. What is special about this book is that it offers introductory students the opportunity of having direct contact with substantial readings from significant books on philosophy, but without the unreasonable demand that they confront these books in full, which are often incomprehensible.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)人人都有追求幸福的权利，但对幸福的定义却因人而异。