中考16专题—定语从句(带答案)

中考16专题—定语从句（带答案）

芝麻开门

知己知彼

考纲

句子 理解定语从句的构成和基本用法

揭秘: 定语从句在中考中直接考查的比例较小，但是理解定语从句的构成和基本用法有

助于提高阅读能力；同时，若能在作文中尝试恰当地使用定语从句，会为文章增光添彩。

沙场点兵

用兵如神

考点一: 关系代词引导的定语从句

【典型例题1】

People often like clothes ______ can make them look young. 【2018湖南株洲】

A. when B. who C. that

【考点精析】C. 本题考查定语从句关系代词的基本用法。一般情况下，定语从句是紧跟在名词或代词后

面的从句，对该名词或代词起修饰限定作用，这个被从句修饰的名词或代词，也叫做定语从句的先行词。

本题中先行词为“clothes（指物）”，又因为从句部分“can make them look young”缺少主语，故空格部

分需要一个关系代词，它既能在从句中担当主语，又能指物。选项中只有that既可以指代物，又可以在

从句中担当主语，所以答案为C。

【典型例题2】

I hate people ______ talk much but do little. 【2018山东泰安】

A. who B. which C. whose D. whom

【考点精析】A. 本题考查定语从句关系代词的基本用法。句意为“我讨厌只说不做的人”。题中先行词

为“people（指人）”，且从句部分“talk much but do little”缺少主语，故空格部分需要一个关系代词，

它既能在从句中担当主语，又能指人。选项中只有who即可以指代人，又可以在从句中担当主语，所以

答案为A。

【典型例题3】

--There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister? 【2018湖北随州】

--The one ______ hat is yellow.

A. who B. whose C. that D. which

【考点精析】B. 本题考查定语从句关系代词的基本用法。句意为“那里有许多女孩，哪个是你妹妹啊？”

“帽子是黄色的那个。”本题先行词为the one（代指女孩，指人），从句部分“hat is yellow”缺少定语，

即“女孩的帽子是黄色的”，故空格部分需要一个关系代词，它能在从句中担当定语，只有whose可以

做定语，答案为B。 【举一反三】

关系代词 先行词 所担当成分 典型例句

who 人 主语、宾语 I like people ______________ talk little but do much.

I like stories ______________ my grandma told me.

She is the girl ______________ wallet is lost.

She is the girl ______________ we all like. whom 人 宾语

whose 人、物 定语

that 人、物 主语、宾语、表语

which 物 主语、宾语

【即学即练】

1. There will be a flower show in the park ________ we visited last week. 【2018广东】

A. who B. when C. what D. which

2. The English-Chinese dictionary________ my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.

A. whose B. when C. who D. that

3. Success will belong to those ________never say "impossible".【2018河南】

A. whom B. what C. who D. which

4. --What are you looking for？【2018 山东滨州】

--I'm looking for the ring ________my husband bought me last year.

A. that B. who C. whom D. it

5. It’s interesting that there are many people ________speak French in Canada. 【 2018四川成都】

A. which B. where C. who D. when

6. Please pass me the cartoon book ________ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover. 【2018天津】

A. whom B. whose C. who D. which

7. Most students like the teachers ________ understand them well. 【2018浙江嘉兴】

A. who B. when C. what D. which

8. --What are you looking for? 【2018浙江衢州】

--I'm looking for the pen ________my father gave me last week.

A. who B. which C. whose D. whom

9. --Do you know the girl ________ is helping the old woman. 【2018贵州黔东南州】

--Oh, that's my sister. A. whom B. whose C. who D. where

10. She is the girl________invention got the first prize in the school competition. 【2018湖北荆州】

A. who B. that C. which D. whose

【答案】1.D 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.D

考点二: 关系代词的特殊用法

【典型例题1】

One of the most delicious drinks _________ I like is orange juice. 【2018湖北十堰】

A. which B. that C. whose D. whom

【考点精析】B. 本题考查定语从句关系代词的特殊用法。句意为“我喜欢的最好喝的饮料之一就是橙汁”。

先行词是“drinks（指物）”，从句部分“I like”缺少宾语，根据上面所讲，可知答案锁定A和B中，又

因为先行词前面有最高级（the most delicious），这时只能用that，不用which。

教学点拨

① 关系代词在定语从句中担当宾语成分时，可以省略。如：

I lost the pen (that/which) my father bought me.

② 关系代词在定语从句中担当主语时，从句谓语动词形式由先行词决定。如：

You can’t wake a person who is pretending to be asleep.

You can’t wake persons who are pretending to be asleep.

③ 关系代词在定语从句中担当介词宾语时，可以将介词提到关系代词前，这时先

行词指人时，关系代词只能用which；先行词指物时，关系代词只能用whom，

另外，介词提前后关系代词不能省略。如：

The man (that/who/whom) you spoke to was a scientist.

= The man to whom you spoke was a scientist.

The city (that/which) she lives in is far away.

= The city in which she lives is far away. 固定短语中的介词不能提前，如：look for,

look after... 【典型例题2】

I still remember the college and the teachers__________ I visited in London years ago. 【2018安徽】

A. what B. who C. that D. which

【考点精析】C. 本题考查定语从句关系代词的特殊用法。句意为“我仍然记得许多年前在伦敦参观过的

大学以及拜访过的老师”。本题中先行词是“the college and the teachers（既有人，又有物）”，这时，关

系代词只能用that。

【举一反三】

只用that的情况 典型例句

当先行词 被最高级修饰时 That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.

是不定代词或被其修饰时 Is there anything that I can do for you?

被the only, the very修饰时 That is the only thing that I can do now.

被序数词修饰时 The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.

即包括人又包括物时 The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.

【即学即练】

1. 他做了他所能做的一切来帮助我。