下载文档原格式
【中考英语】初中英语知识点总结：宾语从句定语从句和状语从句一、宾语从句知识点总结在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：引导词、语序和时态。
一、引导词1．从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that，that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。
例句：He told us （that）they would help us through the whole work.2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether，表示“是否”。
在whether …or not 结构中不能用if 替换。
例句：I don't know if there will be a bus any more.3. 从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what，when，where，which，who，how等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。
例句：He didn't tell me when we should meet again.二、判断时态情况：1.主句是一般现在时，从句可以为各种时态。
2.主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应过去时态。
注意：从句描绘客观事实、真理、自然现象等，从句时态不受主句时态限制，仍用一般现在时。
例句：He answered that he was listening to me.Father told me that practice makes perfect .三、宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序陈述句语序，就是主语在前，谓语动词在后。
错误：He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.正确：He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.注意：宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think，believe，imagine，suppose，consider，expect，fancy，guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
中考英语各类从句I．要点根据从句在句中的句法功能，从句可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
1、名词性从句（1）主语从句What he wants is a piece of paper.It is believed that he can solve the problem.注：主语从句的谓语动词用单数。
（2）宾语从句I don't know how to solve the problem.Do you know where he lives?（3）表语从句The problem is who can help me.This is why I came here.（4）同位语从句I have no idea where he went.I heard the news that he would come.同位语从句用that引导，常跟在fact, idea, news, promise, thought, message, hope, belief, doubt等词后，that在从句中不作任何成分。
2、定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和关系副词when, where, why。
（1）that指物时一般可与which互换，但在下列情况下，要用that而不用which。
a. 先行词有all, everything等不定代词时，如，Everything (that) he did is wrong.b. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，如，I'll read all the books (that) you lend me.c. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.d. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如He is the very man (that) I'm looking for.e. 只用which的情况在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中This is the book about which we have talked a lot.The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.f. where和when作关系副词This is the room where I worked.This is the room which I stayed in.I remembered the day when we lived there.I remembered the day that I spent there.g. as和whichas 可以放于句首，而which 不可以As you know, he is good at English.three of them 和three of whichI have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.3、状语从句在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。
【中考英语专项复习——宾语从句】(一)宾语从句得种类宾语从句在句中作及物动词得宾语,或介词得宾语,或形容词得宾语。
根据引导宾语从句得不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由ｔｈaｔ引导得宾语从句。
that只有语法作用,没有实在得意义,在口语与非正式文体中可以省略、例如:Ｈe said (tｈａt) he wａnted to ｓｔaｙat home。
She dｏesｎ’ｔｋnow (tｈａt)she is seriouｓly ｉlｌ.I ａm sure(thaｔ)hｅｗiｌl sｕcceed。
2。
由连接代词who,ｗｈｏm, whose,wｈaｔ, whｉｃh与连接副词wｈen, wｈerｅ,why,ｈow引导得宾语从句。
这些连接代词与连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如:ﻫDｏyｏｕknｏｗwho (ｗhｏm) tｈeｙare waｉｔing for？He asked whosｅｈanｄｗritinｇｗas thｅbest、Can you tell ｍe ｗｈerｅthe Nｏ.3buｓｓtoｐiｓ？Ｉdｏｎ't know wｈy the train ｉｓlate。
3。
由ｉf或whetｈer引导得宾语从句。
if与whether在句中得意思就是“就是否”。
例如:ﻫI want tｏknow if (ｗｈether) heｌiｖes ｔｈｅrｅ.ﻫHe ａsked me ｗhethｅr(if)Ｉcｏuld ｈｅlp him、ﻫ(二)宾语从句得语序宾语从句得语序应为陈述句得语序。
例如:ﻫＩheａr (ｔhａｔ) physicｓiｓｎ’t ｅaｓy、ﻫI ｔｈink (that) ｙｏu wilｌｌｉke this scｈｏol sｏoｎ、ﻫCan yo ｕtｅllｍe ｈｏｗＩcaｎｇet to zoo?ﻫＰｌeasｅｔｅll mｅwhｅｎwｅ’ll ｈave the ｍeeting。
(三)宾语从句得时态1ﻫ。
初中英语重点语法三大从句总结初中英语中，主要有三大从句，即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句（包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。
1宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
that: I think that you can pass the exam. Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况：1. 与or not连用：I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用：He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时：It depends on whether he is coming.1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。
1）She said that she was a student.2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3）She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.2定语从句在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。
先行词指人 who /that先行词指物 which/ that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词Whom: 先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语）, 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose :指人或物，作定语，表示“…的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.关系代词只能 that 的特殊情况：1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：This is the first gift that my parents bought me.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.e.g. Is there anything that you want i n this shop4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.e.g.He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头，只能用that引导.Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?当关系代词前使用介词时：物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词 + whom当关系代词前使用介词时：e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.3状语从句在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。
中考英语语法——三大从句（宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句）:一、宾语从句宾语从句在句子中作为宾语，通常放在动词、介词或形容词后面。
三大考点：引导词、时态和语序。
其中，语序必须是陈述句语序。
1. 常由下面的一些词引导：●由that 引导，表示陈述意义，that可省略。
●由if ，whether 引导，表示一般疑问意义（带有是否、已否、对否等）。
●由连接代词、连接副词（疑问词）引导，表示特殊疑问意义。
2. 时态：主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态。
主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。
（1）从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。
（2）从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。
【例】主句：I don't know.（我不知道。
）从句：if he will come.（他是否会来。
）解释：在这个例子中，“他是否会来”是宾语从句，作为“不知道”的宾语。
英文中，“if he will come”也起到了同样的作用，作为“don't know”的宾语。
二、定语从句定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词：who，whom，whose，that，which。
关系副词有：where，when，why。
【例】主句：I like the book.（我喜欢那本书。
）从句：that is red.（那本红色的。
）解释：在这个例子中，“那本红色的”是定语从句，修饰名词“书”。
英文中，“that is red”是定语从句，修饰名词“book”。
三、状语从句状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。
状语从句放在主句前时，常用逗号隔开；放在主句后时，可以不用逗号；放在主句中间时，从句前后都要用逗号。
状语从句根据意义可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句和方式状语从句。
【中考英语专项复习——宾语从句】（一）宾语从句的种类宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。
that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I don’t know why the tr ain is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.（二）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如：I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.（三）宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
【英语知识点】初三英语语法总结英语是一门很重要的学科，学过英语的都知道英语语法的重要性。
下面是初三英语语法重点总结，仅供大家参考。
1.宾语从句在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句主要有三种类型，分别是that引导的宾语从句、if或whether引导的宾从、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。
常见的宾语从句引导词：that、if、whether、what、who、where、why和how。
Eg. I am sad that you refused me. 我很难过你拒绝了我。
2.定语从句定语从句在中考和高考中出现的频率都非常高。
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
常见的关系代词包括that,which,who（宾格whom，所有格whose）,as 等，关系副词包括where,when,why等。
Eg. Lily likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
3.状语从句状语从句就是由一个句子在复合句中充当状语。
所以状语从句又可以分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句等等。
每种状语从句都有特定的引导词：（1）地点状语从句：where,wherever（2）时间状语从句：when, while, as, before, until, till, since（3）原因状语从句：because, since,as, now that, not that…, but that…, seeing that,considering that, in that（4）目的状语从句：so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that, in case,for fear that,lest（5）结果状语从句：so...that, such that, so that, with the result that（6）条件状语从句：if,unless,if only,only if,in case,suppose/supposing(that),provided/providing(that),on condition that,so/as long as（7）方式状语从句：as, as if, as though（8）让步状语从句：though, although, as, even if, even though, whether, no matterwhether...or, no matter with1.主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。
状语从句状语可分为八大类:时间状语，地点状语，条件状语，原因状语，目的状语，结果状语，让步状语和比较状语一、时间状语从句1.when 当…的时候Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.(当)莫扎特4岁的时候，开始写音乐作品。
When/while we were dancing, a stranger came in.当我们正在跳舞的时候，一个陌生人进来了。
2.while 当…时He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.他在旅途中参观了许多地方。
3. as 在…的同时;一边…一边…He smiled as he stood up.他一边站起来一边笑着。
I saw Peter as I was getting off the bus.在我下公交车的时候，我看见了Peter。
4.after 在…之后He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.前几天做完作业之后回的家。
5.before 在…之前Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。
6. as soon as 一…就…I will write to you as soon as I get home.我一到家就给你写信。
7. till /until都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。
They walked till /until it was dark.他们一直走到天黑。
8.since 自…以来到现在表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。
中考英语语法丨宾语从句/定语从句/状语从句宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况：1. 与or not连用：I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用：He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时：It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。
1）She said that she was a student.2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3）She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.定语从句一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。
二、先行词先行词指人who /that先行词指物which/ that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后三、关系代词关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词四、翻译方法“…. 的”Whom: 先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语）, 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose : 指人或物，作定语，表示“…的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.关系代词只能that 的特殊情况：1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：This is the first gift that my parents bought me.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头，只能用that引导.Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?当关系代词前使用介词时：物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词+ whom当关系代词前使用介词时：e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.状语从句一、定义在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。
二、状语从句一般分为八大类时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句让步状语从句1. 时间状语从句When ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。
When I opened the window, I saw him come up.When --- 正在……的时候，突然…。
通常主句是进行时或be about to 时，在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然。
I was walking along the street , when I met him.When 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。
Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.When=afterWhen the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.While ---在……期间，往往指一段时间。
While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.While ---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。
We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.As --- 一边……一边, 随着She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.As --- 当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。
As I was going out, it began to rain.The moment --- 一……就……=as soon as , immediately,---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.Not…until --- 直到……才He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.Before --- 在……之前The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs. After --- 在……之后The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent. Since ---自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.It is just a week since we arrived here.As soon as --- 一……就……Jack went to school as soon as he got well.No sooner than --- 一……就……no sooner…than…用于句首要求倒装Hardly …when…Scarcely …when…No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.Once --- 一但……就……Once you see him, you will never forget him.Every time, each time每次whenever每当Each time he came to town, he would visit our school2. 条件状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有：If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 据……所知，in case万一, provided that 假如, on condition that若是，以…为条件If ---如果If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if notWe can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flightAs long as --- 只要We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.As (so) far as --- 据……所知As far as I know, he speaks English very well.In case --- 假使, 如果The plane cannot take off in case it rains.Provided that 如果,有时省略thatThe plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.On condition that --- 条件是…He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak. 注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。
If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport3. 地点状语从句地点状语从句只有两个连词: Where, whereverWhere --- 在……地方Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever --- 无论哪里Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.4. 原因状语从句because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.Because --- 因为,通常从句放在主句后.Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage.As --- 因为, 通常放在句首As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.Since ---既然因语气较弱, 常译为既然(众所周知的原因)Since everybody has come, we can set off.Now that --- 既然Now that you are here, you can join us.considering that --- 顾及到Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.seeing that --- 由于Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.5. 结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that, so…that…such…that So…that --- 太……以至于so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用that Boeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb喷气炸弹.So that --- 因而，以便，为了有时so 可以省去Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.Such …that…---太……以至于用法与so…that相同，但such 后面应用名词。
