【中考英语】初中英语知识点总结：宾语从句定语从句和状语从句.doc

初中从句知识点归纳一、宾语从句。

1. 定义。

- 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

例如：I think (that) he is a good student.（“he is a good student”就是宾语从句，作think的宾语）2. 引导词。

- that：无意义，在句中不作成分，可省略。

例如：He said (that) he would come.- if/whether：表示“是否”，在句中不作成分。

例如：I don't knowif/whether he will come.（注意：一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但在句首、介词后、与or not连用时，常用whether）- 特殊疑问词（what, who, when, where, why, how等）：在从句中作一定的成分。

例如：I don't know what he is doing.（what在从句中作宾语）3. 语序。

- 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他成分”。

例如：Can you tell me where he lives?（而不是where does he live）4. 时态。

- 当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以根据实际情况使用任何时态。

例如：I know he is here now.（一般现在时）；I know he was here yesterday.（一般过去时）；I know he will be here tomorrow.（一般将来时）- 当主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。

例如：He said he was a student.（一般过去时）；He said he was reading a book at that time.（过去进行时）；He said he would come.（过去将来时）；He said he had finished his homework.（过去完成时）- 当宾语从句表示客观事实或真理时，无论主句是什么时态，宾语从句都用一般现在时。

中考英语语法详解丨宾语从句/定语从句/状语从句宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

二、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况：1. 与or not连用：I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用：He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时：It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。

1）She said that she was a student.2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3）She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.定语从句一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。

二、先行词先行词指人who /that先行词指物which/ that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后三、关系代词关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词四、翻译方法“…. 的”Whom: 先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语）, 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose : 指人或物，作定语，表示“…的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.关系代词只能that 的特殊情况：1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：This is the first gift that my parents bought me.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头，只能用that引导.Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?当关系代词前使用介词时：物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词+ whom当关系代词前使用介词时：e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.状语从句一、定义在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。

中考英语语法丨宾语从句/定语从句/状语从句宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

二、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况：1. 与or not连用：I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用：He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时：It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。

1）She said that she was a student.2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3）She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.定语从句一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。

二、先行词先行词指人who /that先行词指物which/ that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后三、关系代词关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词四、翻译方法“…. 的”Whom: 先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语）, 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose : 指人或物，作定语，表示“…的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.关系代词只能that 的特殊情况：1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：This is the first gift that my parents bought me.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头，只能用that引导.Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?当关系代词前使用介词时：物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词+ whom当关系代词前使用介词时：e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.状语从句一、定义在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。

中考从句知识总结初中阶段着重要研究的从句有：宾语从句、状语从句、no matter从句和定语从句。

第一讲从句的共同特点从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子，充当什么成分就叫什么从句，如：充当宾语就叫宾语从句，充当定语成分就叫定语从句。

从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点：从句是句子。

从句的共同特点：1.从句都有自己的连接词 2.从句都是陈述语序（陈述语序就是主语在前，谓语在后，如：He is a teacher主语He在谓语is之前，因此是陈述语序，而Is he a teacher?主语He在谓语is之后，因此不是陈述语序。

）第二讲：宾语从句宾语从句是中考的一个重要得分点，大家复习时一定要重视。

在研究宾语从句之前我们先来看一下什么是宾语。

宾语就是在句子中用来回答谁做了什么中什么的成分，如I lost my car中my car就回答了我丢失了什么中的“什么”，因此my car就是宾语，宾语包括动宾、介宾，动宾就是跟在及物动词后的宾语，如：I have finished my homework（my homework是跟在finish后的动宾）；介宾就是跟在介词后作宾语，如：I’m interested in English(English是跟在in后的介宾语)。

宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子，如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.宾语从句的特点：1.宾语从句有自己的连接词2.宾语从句用陈述语序3.宾语从句的时态一.宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。

一般情况下选用连接词时，多用翻译语气法，在研究语气翻译翻译法之前，让我们先来看一下什么是语气，语气就是说话的口气，语气可分为三种：A.陈述语气即没有任何疑问的不需要回答的语气，如：I have found my lost car；B一般疑问语气：可以用Yes或No来回答的疑问语气，如：Do you need a piece of paper?Yes,thank you.;C特殊疑问语气：需要具体回答的语气，如：When were you born?October3rd.在为宾语从句选连接词时，我们首先应将宾语从句译成汉语，看是什么语气，陈述语气用that作连接词，that可以省略，如：He told me （that）his father would come back the next week.一般疑问语气用if/whether作连接词，if 与whether大多数情况下可以互换，但当宾语从句中有or not时，不可用if只可用whether，如：She asked his mother if/whether she could help her.He wanted to know whether his fatherwould come to see him the next day or not.特殊疑问语气用特殊疑问词，如：He wants to know what he can do to help his sister.特殊疑问词含义：1).wh-型what(什么)What do you want to eat?What(哪个)+可数名词单数/不可数名词What class are you in?What time is it now?when(什么时候)When do you want to meet him?Where(哪里)Where are you from?Who(谁)主格Who is calling you?Whom(谁)宾格Whom do you want to help you with your English?(口语中常用who来代替whom)whose （谁的）（+名词）Whose cup is this?There is a cup on the desk,whose is it?Why(为什么)Why do you like music so much?Which(哪一个)+可数名词单数Which apple do you want?Which （哪一些）+可数名词复数Which apples are from his garden?Which（哪一个）Which do you prefer,this apple or that?2).how-型how（怎样）How do you usually come to school?How(身体怎样)How are you? How long(多长时间)How will you stay in China?How soon(多长时间以后)与将来时（包括现在将来时与过去将来时）连用How soon will you be back?How often(多长时间一词)注意当遇到了诸如：three times a day/a week之类的也用how often How often do you have a maths lesson?Twice a day.How many times(多少次)How many times do you take this medicine a day? Three times.How much(多少)+不可数名词How much meat do you want?注意问钱不忘how much How much is your shirt?How many(多少)+可数名词复数How many people(本身就是复数)are there in your family?How old(多大)问年龄How old is that boy?7years old. How far(多远)How far is it from your home to your school?Two kilometers away.How tall(多高)一般指人高树高烟囱高，How tall is the boy?How high(多高)一般指山高建筑物高及离开地面高，How high can he jump?二.宾语从句的语序；A.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）,如：I want to know if he can come tomorrowB.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词，如：She asked me who had helped him三.宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现”。

专题一三宾语从句考点聚焦一、什么是宾语从句在句中充当宾语的从句叫作宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。

二、宾语从句的引导词1、that 无实意，用来引导陈述句的宾语从句，口语中常省略。

例如：She told me that she had been to Hong Kong twice.她告诉我她去过香港两次。

I know（that）the visitors are from Australia.我知道这些游客来自澳大利亚。

2、if或whether这两个词是“是否”的意思，主要用来引导一般疑问句或选择问句的宾语从句，口语中多用if，不能省略。

例如：He asked me if / whether I had been to Beijing twice.他问我是否去过北京两次。

She wanted to know whether I would go there or not.她想知道我是否想去那里。

3、疑问词when ，where，who，how等，这类词通常引导特殊疑问句的宾语从句。

例如：Can you tell me how I can find Mr Wang？你能告诉我怎样才能找到王先生吗？Please find out who broke the window.请查一下是谁打烂窗户的。

三、宾语从句的语序凡是从句都必须使用“主语在前，谓语在后”的陈述语序，宾语从句也不例外，也就是说宾语从句的语序必须是“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”。

例如：误：Could you tell me where is the bus station？正：Could you tell me where the bus station is？四、宾语从句的时态一致1、当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句可以根据需要选择相应的时态，不受主句的影响；主句为一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态。

例如：I want to know what time he ate his breakfast.我想知道他今天早晨几点钟吃早饭的。

第十一章状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句第十一章状语从句，宾语从句和定语从句全国各地的中考英语试题中几乎都有专门针对复合句的测试，在初中，主要要求同学们掌握状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句的用法。

一、状语从句状语从句的考点一般集中在：连接词的选用、时间状语与谓语动词的关系、主句和从句动词的一致以及同近义连接词的辨析等。

主要题型包括单项选择、完成句子、句型转换等。

【说明】1. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，当主句是将来时或含有情态动词或是祈使句时，从句要用一般现在时表将来，即“主将从现”。

2. 引导词的正确选择以及when, while, as的用法区别。

3. when, if引导状语从句和宾语从句时态的区别。

4. so …that与such…that的区别以及与too…to, enough to之间的同义句转换。

5. than, as …as, not as/so …as的用法。

【典型例题】1. He doesn’t tell me when he will come. I’ll call you as soon as he comes. 他没有告诉我什么时候来，他一来我就会给你打电话的。

2. I don’t know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will let you know. 我不知道他明天是否来，如果他来，我会让你知道的。

3、You won’t pass the exam if you do n’t work hard. =You won’t pass the exam unless you work hard. 如果你不努力学习，你将不能通过考试。

4. He got up early this morning so that he could catch the early bus. =He got up early this morning in order to catch the early bus. 他今天早上早起是为了赶早班车。

一、句子结构1 •主语+谓语1・I understand.2•主语+谓语+宾语3.1 am watching TV.3•主语+系动词+表语4・It i§ beautiful・4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语5・He shows us the picture. 主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语6.He shows the picture to us.7•主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语7.There is a piece of paper flying in the sky【练习】1)She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.2)He asked her to take the boy out of school.3)She found it difficult to do the work.4)Every night he heard the noise upstairs.5)He began to learn English when he was eleven.6)She loves the library because she loves books7)The man downstairs was trying to sleep.8)What is your given name?二、从句汇总•宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。

主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。

主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。

从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。

宾语从句当屮的从句在全句屮作宾语。

注意点:1.语序：无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即（主语+谓语+……）”句式。

2.连接词1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体屮常省略。

状语从句状语可分为八大类:时间状语，地点状语，条件状语，原因状语，目的状语，结果状语，让步状语和比较状语一、时间状语从句1.when 当…的时候Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.(当)莫扎特4岁的时候，开始写音乐作品。

When/while we were dancing, a stranger came in.当我们正在跳舞的时候，一个陌生人进来了。

2.while 当…时He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.他在旅途中参观了许多地方。

3. as 在…的同时;一边…一边…He smiled as he stood up.他一边站起来一边笑着。

I saw Peter as I was getting off the bus.在我下公交车的时候，我看见了Peter。

4.after 在…之后He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.前几天做完作业之后回的家。

5.before 在…之前Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。

6. as soon as 一…就…I will write to you as soon as I get home.我一到家就给你写信。

7. till /until都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。

They walked till /until it was dark.他们一直走到天黑。

8.since 自…以来到现在表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。